Shi Jing (詩經)

關關雎鳩，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。

The ospreys call guan-guan to each other, on a sandbar in the river. The quiet and lovely maiden is a fine mate for the gentleman.

參差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。

The water plant, long and short, drifts left and right. The quiet and lovely maiden, awake or asleep he seeks her.

求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，輾轉反側。

He seeks her but cannot find her, awake or asleep he longs for her. How long, how long the night, he tosses and turns and cannot sleep.

參差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。

The water plant, long and short, he gathers it left and right. The quiet and lovely maiden, with zithers he befriends her.

參差荇菜，左右芼之。窈窕淑女，鐘鼓樂之。

The water plant, long and short, he picks it left and right. The quiet and lovely maiden, with bells and drums he delights her.

葛之覃兮，施於中谷，維葉萋萋。黃鳥于飛，集於灌木，其鳴喈喈。

The kudzu vines spread out, reaching into the valley, their leaves lush and thick. The yellow birds fly and settle in the bushes, their calls ring out in harmony.

葛之覃兮，施於中谷，維葉莫莫。是刈是濩，為絺為綌，服之無斁。

The kudzu vines spread out, reaching into the valley, their leaves dense and heavy. Then they are cut and then boiled, and made into fine cloth and coarse cloth, and one wears it without tiring of it.

言告師氏，言告言歸。薄汙我私，薄浣我衣。害浣害否，歸寧父母。

Tell my governess, tell her I am going home. I will wash my underclothes a little, I will wash my outer clothes a little. Which need washing and which do not, then I go home to greet my parents.

采采卷耳，不盈頃筐。嗟我懷人，置彼周行。

I pick and pick the cocklebur, and cannot fill my shallow basket. Sighing for the one I long for, I set the basket by the great road.

陟彼崔嵬，我馬虺隤。我姑酌彼金罍，維以不永懷。

I climb that rough high hill, and my horse is weak in the legs. I pour myself wine from the golden cup, just so as not to think of him long.

陟彼高岡，我馬玄黃。我姑酌彼兕觥，維以不永傷。

I climb that high ridge, and my horse is dark and yellow, sick. I pour myself wine from the rhinoceros-horn cup, just so as not to grieve long.

陟彼砠矣，我馬瘏矣，我僕痡矣，云何籲矣。

I climb that rocky hill, and my horse is too sick to go, my servant is sick with weariness, and what can I do, how can I dispel my sorrow.

南有樛木，葛藟累之。樂只君子，福履綏之。

In the south there is a tree that bends down, and kudzu creepers cling to it. The joyful gentleman, may fortune comfort him.

南有樛木，葛藟荒之。樂只君子，福履將之。

In the south there is a tree that bends down, and kudzu creepers cover it. The joyful gentleman, may fortune support him.

南有樛木，葛藟縈之。樂只君子，福履成之。

In the south there is a tree that bends down, and kudzu creepers twine round it. The joyful gentleman, may fortune complete him.

螽斯羽，詵詵兮。宜爾子孫，振振兮。

The wings of the locust, so many they are. May your children and grandchildren be flourishing and kind.

螽斯羽，薨薨兮。宜爾子孫。繩繩兮。

The wings of the locust, how they hum. May your children and grandchildren go on unbroken.

螽斯羽，揖揖兮。宜爾子孫，蟄蟄兮。

The wings of the locust, gathered together. May your children and grandchildren be at peace and many.

桃之夭夭，灼灼其華。之子于歸，宜其室家。

The peach tree is young and lovely, its blossoms bright and glowing. This girl goes to be married, and will suit her new home.

桃之夭夭，有蕡其實。之子于歸，宜其家室。

The peach tree is young and lovely, its fruit hangs round and full. This girl goes to be married, and will suit her new home.

桃之夭夭，其葉蓁蓁。之子于歸，宜其家人。

The peach tree is young and lovely, its leaves are lush and thick. This girl goes to be married, and will suit her new family.

肅肅兔罝，椓之丁丁。赳赳武夫，公侯干城。

A tightly woven rabbit net, the stakes are driven in with a ding-ding. The stalwart warriors are the defenders of the lord's walls.

肅肅兔罝，施於中逵。赳赳武夫，公侯好仇。

A tightly woven rabbit net, spread at the crossroads. The stalwart warriors are the lord's good helpers.

肅肅免罝，施於中林。赳赳武夫，公侯腹心。

A tightly woven rabbit net, spread in the forest. The stalwart warriors are the lord's trusted confidants.

采采芣苡，薄言採之。采采芣苡，薄言有之。

Gathering and gathering the plantain, we go to pick it. Gathering and gathering the plantain, we have picked it.

采采芣苡，薄言掇之。采采芣苡，薄言捋之。

Gathering and gathering the plantain, we pick up the seeds one by one. Gathering and gathering the plantain, we strip them off by the handful.

采采芣苡，薄言袺之。采采芣苡，薄言襭之。

Gathering and gathering the plantain, we hold up our skirts to carry it. Gathering and gathering the plantain, we tuck our skirts to fill them.

南有喬木，不可休息。漢有遊女，不可求思。漢之廣矣，不可泳思。江之永矣，不可方思。

In the south there is a tall tree, but one cannot rest beneath it. By the Han there are maidens out strolling, but one cannot win them. The Han is too wide to swim across. The Yangtze is too long to cross on a raft.

翹翹錯薪，言刈其楚。之子于歸，言秣其馬。漢之廣矣，不可泳思。江之永矣，不可方思。

The tall, tangled brushwood, I go and cut the thorn twigs. This girl goes to be married, and I will feed her horses. The Han is too wide to swim across. The Yangtze is too long to cross on a raft.

翹翹錯薪，言刈其蔞。之子于歸。言秣其駒。漢之廣矣，不可泳思。江之永矣，不可方思。

The tall, tangled brushwood, I go and cut the wormwood. This girl goes to be married, and I will feed her colts. The Han is too wide to swim across. The Yangtze is too long to cross on a raft.

遵彼汝墳，伐其條枚。未見君子，惄如調饑。

Along the embankment of the Ru river, I chop its branches. Not yet seeing my lord, I am as anxious as one hungry in the morning.

遵彼汝墳，伐其條肄。既見君子，不我遐棄。

Along the embankment of the Ru river, I chop its new shoots. Now that I have seen my lord, he has not cast me far away.

魴魚赬尾，王室如毀。雖則如毀，父母孔邇。

The bream's tail is red with weariness, and the royal house is like a blaze. Though it is like a blaze, my parents are very near.

麟之趾，振振公子，于嗟麟兮。

The unicorn's hoof, the kind young lord, ah, the unicorn.

麟之定，振振公姓，于嗟麟兮。

The unicorn's brow, the kind young man of the ducal clan, ah, the unicorn.

麟之角，振振公族，于嗟麟兮。

The unicorn's horn, the kind ducal kinsmen, ah, the unicorn.

維鵲有巢，維鳩居之。之子于歸，百兩御之。

The magpie has a nest, and the dove goes to live in it. This girl goes to be married, and a hundred carriages go to meet her.

維鵲有巢，維鳩方之。之子于歸，百兩將之。

The magpie has a nest, and the dove goes to occupy it. This girl goes to be married, and a hundred carriages go to escort her.

維鵲有巢，維鳩盈之。之子于歸，百兩成之。

The magpie has a nest, and the dove goes to fill it. This girl goes to be married, and a hundred carriages complete the wedding.

於以采蘩？於沼於沚。於以用之？公侯之事。

Where does one pick the white mugwort? By the ponds, on the islets. What is it used for? For the sacrifices of the lord.

於以采蘩？於澗之中。於以用之？公侯之宮。

Where does one pick the white mugwort? In the mountain stream. What is it used for? For the lord's ancestral temple.

被之僮僮，夙夜在公。被之祁祁，薄言還歸。

Her false hair is combed neat, from early morning to night she serves in the public hall. Her false hair is thick and hanging, and only then does she go home.

喓喓草蟲，趯趯阜螽。未見君子，憂心忡忡。亦既見止，亦既覯止，我心則降。

The grass insects chirp, the grasshoppers leap. Not having seen my lord, my heart is anxious. Now that I have seen him, now that I have met him, my heart is at rest.

陟彼南山，言採其蕨。未見君子，憂心惙惙。亦既見止，亦既覯止，我心則說。

I climb that southern hill and pick the bracken. Not having seen my lord, my heart is troubled. Now that I have seen him, now that I have met him, my heart is glad.

陟彼南山，言採其薇。未見君子，我心傷悲。亦既見止，亦既覯止，我心則夷。

I climb that southern hill and pick the vetch. Not having seen my lord, my heart is sad. Now that I have seen him, now that I have met him, my heart is calm.

於以採蘋？南澗之濱。於以採藻？於彼行潦。

Where does one pick the duckweed? By the water of the southern stream. Where does one pick the pondweed? In that flowing pool.

於以盛之？維筐及筥。於以湘之？維錡及釜。

What is used to hold it? Square baskets and round baskets. What is used to boil it? Three-legged pots and legless cauldrons.

於以奠之？宗室牖下。誰其屍之？有齊季女。

Where is the offering made? Beneath the window of the ancestral temple. Who presides over the sacrifice? A reverent young maiden.

蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿伐，召伯所茇。

The luxuriant pear tree, do not trim it, do not cut it, for the Duke of Shao once lodged here.

蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿敗，召伯所憩。

The luxuriant pear tree, do not trim it, do not harm it, for the Duke of Shao once rested here.

蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿拜，召伯所說。

The luxuriant pear tree, do not trim it, do not bend it, for the Duke of Shao once stopped here.

厭浥行露，豈不夙夜，謂行多露。

The dew on the road is soaking wet; would I not want to travel early and late? I only fear there is too much dew on the road.

誰謂雀無角？何以穿我屋？誰謂女無家？何以速我獄？雖速我獄，室家不足！

Who says the sparrow has no horn? How else could it pierce my house? Who says you have no home? How else could you bring me to court? Even if you bring me to court, the rites of marriage are not yet enough!

誰謂鼠無牙？何以穿我墉？誰謂女無家？何以速我訟？雖速我訟，亦不女從！

Who says the rat has no teeth? How else could it pierce my wall? Who says you have no home? How else could you bring me to a lawsuit? Even if you bring me to a lawsuit, I still will not follow you!

羔羊之皮，素絲五紽。退食自公，委蛇委蛇。

The lambskin robe, five seams sewn with white silk. Retiring from court to eat, at ease and self-possessed, at ease and self-possessed.

羔羊之革，素絲五緎。委蛇委蛇，自公退食。

The lambskin hide, five stitches sewn with white silk. At ease and self-possessed, at ease and self-possessed, retiring from court to eat.

羔羊之縫，素絲五總。委蛇委蛇，退食自公。

The lambskin sewing, five bundles sewn with white silk. At ease and self-possessed, at ease and self-possessed, retiring from court to eat.

殷其雷，在南山之陽。何斯違斯，莫敢或遑？振振君子，歸哉歸哉！

The thunder rumbles on the south side of Nan Mountain. Why leave here at such a time, not daring to take a moment's rest? Kind gentleman, come back, come back!

殷其雷，在南山之側。何斯違斯，莫敢遑息？振振君子，歸哉歸哉！

The thunder rumbles at the side of Nan Mountain. Why leave here at such a time, not daring to rest awhile? Kind gentleman, come back, come back!

殷其雷，在南山之下。何斯違斯，莫或遑處？振振君子，歸哉歸哉！

The thunder rumbles at the foot of Nan Mountain. Why leave here at such a time, not daring to settle? Kind gentleman, come back, come back!

摽有梅，其實七兮。求我庶士，迨其吉兮。

The plums are falling, and seven in ten remain on the tree. You gentlemen who seek me, choose a lucky day.

摽有梅，其實三兮。求我庶士，迨其今兮。

The plums are falling, and three in ten remain on the tree. You gentlemen who seek me, let it be today.

摽有梅，頃筐塈之。求我庶士，迨其謂之。

The plums are falling, gathered in a shallow basket. You gentlemen who seek me, just say the word.

嘒彼小星，三五在東。肅肅宵征，夙夜在公。寔命不同！

Those small faint stars, three or five in the east. Hurrying through the night, from early morning to dark in public service. Truly, our fates are different!

嘒彼小星，維參與昴。肅肅宵征，抱衾與裯。寔命不猶！

Those small faint stars are the stars Shen and Mao. Hurrying through the night, carrying quilts and bed curtains. Truly, my fate is not as good as others'!

江有汜，之子歸，不我以。不我以，其後也悔。

The Yangtze has branches that split off and rejoin; that person went home and did not take me along. Not taking me along, she will regret it afterward.

江有渚，之子歸，不我與。不我與，其後也處。

The Yangtze has islets; that person went home and did not stay with me. Not staying with me, she will be sorrowful afterward.

江有沱，之子歸，不我過。不我過，其嘯也歌。

The Yangtze has the Tuo branching off; that person went home and does not come to see me. Not coming to see me, she can only sing and whistle long.

野有死麕，白茅包之。有女懷春，吉士誘之。

In the wilds there is a dead roe deer, wrapped in white grass. There is a girl whose heart stirs with spring, and a fine man tempts her.

林有樸樕，野有死鹿。白茅純束，有女如玉。

In the woods there are small oak trees, in the wilds a dead deer. White grass tied in a bundle, there is a girl as white as jade.

舒而脫脫兮，無感我帨兮，無使尨也吠。

Slowly, gently, do not touch my kerchief, do not let the shaggy dog bark.

何彼襛矣，唐棣之華？曷不肅雍？王姬之車。

Why so splendid, like the blossoms of the bush cherry? Why not solemn and harmonious? That is the carriage of the royal princess.

何彼襛矣，華如桃李？平王之孫，齊侯之子。

Why so splendid, with blossoms like peach and plum? That is the granddaughter of King Ping, the daughter of the Marquis of Qi.

其釣維何？維絲伊緡。齊侯之子，平王之孫。

What is used for fishing? Lines made of silk. The daughter of the Marquis of Qi, the granddaughter of King Ping.

彼茁者葭，壹發五豝，于嗟乎騶虞！

That thriving reed, with one arrow five sows are shot, ah, the Zouyu!

彼茁者蓬，壹發五豵，于嗟乎騶虞！

That thriving fleabane, with one arrow five piglets are shot, ah, the Zouyu!

泛彼柏舟，亦泛其流。耿耿不寐，如有隱憂。微我無酒，以敖以遊。

That cypress boat drifts, drifting along with the current. Restless and unable to sleep, as if with a hidden sorrow. It is not that I have no wine with which to roam and amuse myself.

我心匪鑑，不可以茹。亦有兄弟，不可以據。薄言往訴，逢彼之怒。

My heart is not a mirror, and cannot take in everything. I also have brothers, but cannot rely on them. When I go to them to complain, I meet with their anger.

我心匪石，不可轉也。我心匪席，不可卷也。威儀棣棣，不可選也。

My heart is not a stone, and cannot be rolled about. My heart is not a mat, and cannot be rolled up at will. My dignity is practiced with ease, and cannot be chosen and cast aside at will.

憂心悄悄，慍於群小。覯閔既多，受侮不少。靜言思之，寤闢有摽。

My heart is troubled and quiet, hated by a crowd of petty men. I have met with many sorrows, and suffered not a few insults. Sitting quietly I think it over, and on waking I beat my breast with sounding blows.

日居月諸，胡迭而微？心之憂矣，如匪浣衣。靜言思之，不能奮飛。

O sun, O moon, why do you wane in turn? The sorrow in my heart is like an unwashed garment. Sitting quietly I think it over, and I cannot rise and fly high.

綠兮衣兮，綠衣黃裹。心之憂矣，曷維其已！

Green robe, green robe, green outer coat, yellow lining. The sorrow in my heart, when will it stop!

綠兮衣兮，綠衣黃裳。心之憂矣，曷維其亡！

Green robe, green robe, green coat, yellow skirt. The sorrow in my heart, when will it be forgotten!

綠兮絲兮，女所治兮。我思古人，俾無訧兮！

Green silk, green silk, it was you who put it in order. I think of the ancients, that they may keep me from fault!

絺兮綌兮，悽其以風。我思古人，實獲我心！

Fine cloth and coarse cloth, the cool wind blows and brings a chill. I think of the ancients, who truly suit my heart!

燕燕于飛，差池其羽。之子于歸，遠送於野。瞻望弗及，泣涕如雨。

The swallows fly, their wings uneven. This girl goes to be married, and I see her far out to the wilds. Gazing and gazing I can no longer see her, and my tears fall like rain.

燕燕于飛，頡之頏之。之子于歸，遠於將之。瞻望弗及，佇立以泣。

The swallows fly, now up and now down. This girl goes to be married, and I see her far on her way. Gazing and gazing I can no longer see her, and I stand there weeping.

燕燕于飛，下上其音。之子于歸，遠送於南。瞻望弗及，實勞我心。

The swallows fly, their calls carrying up and down. This girl goes to be married, and I see her far to the south. Gazing and gazing I can no longer see her, and it truly wearies my heart.

仲氏任只，其心塞淵。終溫且惠，淑慎其身。先君之思，以勖寡人。

Lady Zhong is so trustworthy, her heart is full and deep. Both gentle and yielding, good and careful of herself. She thinks of the late lord, and so encourages me, the lonely one.

日居月諸，照臨下土。乃如之人兮，逝不古處？胡能有定？寧不我顧。

O sun, O moon, you shine on the earth below. To think there is such a person, who no longer treats me as before! How can there be any constancy? He would rather not come to see me.

日居月諸，下土是冒。乃如之人兮，逝不相好。胡能有定？寧不我報。

O sun, O moon, you cover the earth below. To think there is such a person, who is no longer friendly! How can there be any constancy? He would rather not answer me.

日居月諸，出自東方。乃如之人兮，德音無良。胡能有定？俾也可忘。

O sun, O moon, you come out from the east. To think there is such a person, whose good name is not good! How can there be any constancy? Let people forget it too.

日居月諸，東方自出。父兮母兮，畜我不卒。胡能有定？報我不述。

O sun, O moon, you come out from the east. O father, O mother, you raised me but could not see it through. How can there be any constancy? The reply I got goes against reason.

終風且暴，顧我則笑，謔浪笑敖，中心是悼。

Both windy and fierce, he looks back at me and laughs, mocking and wanton, scornful and proud, and my heart aches at it.

終風且霾，惠然肯來，莫往莫來，悠悠我思。

Both windy and dusty, sometimes he is kind enough to come, then he neither goes nor comes, and my longing goes on and on.

終風且曀，不日有曀，寤言不寐，願言則嚏。

Both windy and gloomy, no sun and gloomy, awake I talk and cannot sleep, may he sneeze and know that I think of him.

曀曀其陰，虺虺其雷，寤言不寐，願言則懷。

A gloomy sky, the rumble of thunder, awake I talk and cannot sleep, may he too think of me in his heart.

擊鼓其鏜，踴躍用兵。土國城漕，我獨南行。

The drums beat dang-dang, the soldiers leap into action. The people of the state build walls and repair the walls of Cao, while I alone go south.

從孫子仲，平陳與宋。不我以歸，憂心有忡。

Following Sun Zizhong, to pacify Chen and Song. He does not let me go back, and my heart is anxious.

爰居爰處？爰喪其馬？於以求之？於林之下。

Where shall we stay, where shall we rest? Where has the horse been lost? Where to look for it? Down in the forest.

死生契闊，與子成說。執子之手，與子偕老。

Death and life, parting and meeting, I made a pledge with you. Holding your hand, I would grow old with you.

于嗟闊兮，不我活兮。于嗟洵兮，不我信兮。

Ah, so far apart, you will not let me live. Ah, so long, you do not keep faith with me.

凱風自南，吹彼棘心。棘心夭夭，母氏劬勞。

The warm wind comes from the south and blows on the tender heart of the jujube tree. The tender heart is young and lovely, but my mother is worn with toil.

凱風自南，吹彼棘薪。母氏聖善，我無令人。

The warm wind comes from the south and blows on the grown jujube firewood. My mother is wise and good, but I have no good in me.

爰有寒痊？在浚之下。有子七人，母氏勞苦。

Where is there a cold spring? Below the town of Jun. (The base text has a variant character for "spring"; it is an error for the correct one.) There are seven sons, and their mother is worn with toil.

睍睆黃鳥，載好其音。有子七人，莫慰母心。

The yellow birds are bright and lovely, and have a pleasing voice. There are seven sons, and none can comfort their mother's heart.

雄雉于飛，洩洩其羽。我之懷矣，自詒伊阻。

The male pheasant flies, his wings flapping slowly. What I long for is something I have myself left as a barrier.

雄雉于飛，下上其音。展矣君子，實勞我心。

The male pheasant flies, his call carrying up and down. O sincere gentleman, truly you weary my heart.

瞻彼日月，悠悠我思。道之雲遠，曷雲能來？

Gazing at the sun and moon, my longing goes on and on. The road is so far, how can you come back?

百爾君子，不知德行。不忮不求，何用不臧。

You gentlemen, do not know virtue. Not envious and not greedy, what use could be unkind?

匏有苦葉，濟有深涉。深則厲，淺則揭。

The gourd has dry leaves, and the Ji has a ford where one can wade. If the water is deep one crosses with clothes on, if shallow one lifts one's garments.

有彌濟盈，有鷕雉鳴。濟盈不濡軌，雉鳴求其牡。

The Ji is full to the brim, the pheasant calls yao-yao. The water is high but does not wet the axle, the pheasant calls to seek her mate.

雍雍鳴雁，旭日始旦。士如歸妻，迨冰未泮。

The wild geese cry yong-yong, the morning sun has just risen. If a man wishes to take a wife, he should do so before the ice melts.

招招舟子，人涉卬否。不涉卬否，卬須我友。

The boatman waves his hand, others cross the river but I do not. Others cross but I do not, I am waiting for my friend.

習習穀風，以陰以雨。黽勉同心，不宜有怒。採葑採菲，無以下體？德音莫違，及爾同死。

The wind from the valley blows steadily, with gloom and rain. Strive with one heart, there should be no anger. We pick the turnip and the radish, but do they want only the leaves and not the root? Do not go against kind words, and I will be with you until death.

行道遲遲，中心有違。不遠伊邇，薄送我畿。誰謂荼苦，其甘如薺。宴爾新婚，如兄如弟。

I walk slowly, slowly, my heart feels the pain of parting. It is not far, it is near, and I only see you off to the door. Who says the bitter herb is bitter? It is as sweet as shepherd's purse. You two enjoy your wedding feast, as close as brothers.

涇以渭濁，湜湜其沚。宴爾新婚，不我屑以。毋逝我梁，毋發我笱。我躬不閱，遑恤我後。

The Jing river looks muddy because of the Wei, yet where still it is clear to the bottom. You two enjoy your wedding feast, and will not take me along. Do not go to my fish weir, do not open my fish trap. If I myself am not tolerated, how can I care about what happens after I go?

就其深矣，方之舟之。就其淺矣，泳之遊之。何有何亡，黽勉求之。凡民有喪，匍匐救之。

When the water is deep, use a raft or a boat. When it is shallow, swim across. If they have and if they have not, strive to seek it. When anyone has a death in the family, I crawl there to help.

不我能畜，反以我為仇。既阻我德，賈用不售。昔育恐育鞫，及爾顛覆。既生既育，比予於毒。

You cannot keep me, and instead treat me as an enemy. Having refused my goodness, I am like goods that cannot be sold. In the past, when life was frightening and we were poor, I was with you in hardship. Now that we have children and are settled, you compare me to poison.

我有旨蓄，亦以御冬。宴爾新婚，以我御窮。有洸有潰，既詒我肄。不念昔者，伊餘來塈。

I have delicious stored vegetables, also for getting through the winter. You two enjoy your wedding feast, and use me to ward off poverty. You use violence and anger, and have left me with toil. You do not think of the past, and only treat me as a comfort.

式微，式微，胡不歸？微君之故，胡為乎中露！

Decline, decline, why do we not go back? If it were not for the sake of our lord, why would we be in the dew!

式微，式微，胡不歸？微君之躬，胡為乎泥中！

Decline, decline, why do we not go back? If it were not for our lord's own person, why would we be in the mud!

旄丘之葛兮，何誕之節兮。叔兮伯兮，何多日也？

The kudzu on Maoqiu hill, how long its joints are. O uncles, O elders, why so many days?

何其處也？必有與也！何其久也？必有以也！

Why do you stay still? You must have companions! Why so long? There must be a reason!

狐裘蒙戎，匪車不東。叔兮伯兮，靡所與同。

The fox fur is shaggy and disordered, it is not that the carriages do not go east. O uncles, O elders, none has the same heart as I.

瑣兮尾兮，流離之子。叔兮伯兮，褎如充耳。

So small and tiny, those who have lost their homes. O uncles, O elders, in splendid clothes you act as if your ears were stopped.

簡兮簡兮，方將萬舞。日之方中，在前上處。

Music played simply, they are about to dance the Wan dance. The sun is just at noon, and he stands in the front row, in the high place.

碩人俁俁，公庭萬舞。有力如虎，執轡如組。

The tall man dances the Wan dance in the ducal court. He has strength like a tiger, and holds the reins as evenly as woven silk cords.

左手執龠，右手秉翟。赫如渥赭，公言錫爵。

In his left hand he holds a flute, in his right a pheasant feather. His face is red as if daubed with ochre, and the duke says to give him a cup of wine.

山有榛，隰有苓。雲誰之思？西方美人。彼美人兮，西方之人兮。

On the hill there are hazel trees, in the low ground there is licorice. Who do I long for? The fair one of the west. That fair one, that person of the west.

毖彼泉水，亦流於淇。有懷於衛，靡日不思。孌彼諸姬，聊與之謀。

That spring water trickles and flows into the Qi. I long for Wei, and there is not a day I do not think of it. Those fine ladies of the Ji clan, let me consult with them.

出宿於泲，飲餞於禰。女子有行，遠父母兄弟，問我諸姑，遂及伯姊。

Going out, we lodge at Ji, and drink a farewell at Ni. A girl goes to be married far away, far from parents and brothers; ask after my aunts, and also ask after my eldest sister.

出宿於幹，飲餞於言。載脂載轄，還車言邁。遄臻於衛，不瑕有害？

Going out, we lodge at Gan, and drink a farewell at Yan. Grease the axle and fit the linchpin, turn the carriage and go forward. We will soon reach Wei, surely there is no harm?

我思肥泉，茲之永嘆。思須與漕，我心悠悠。駕言出遊，以寫我憂。

I think of the Fei spring, and sigh long over it. I think of Xu and Cao, and my heart goes on and on. I will drive out to roam, to pour out my sorrow.

出自北門，憂心殷殷。終窶且貧，莫知我艱。已焉哉！天實為之，謂之何哉！

Coming out of the north gate, my heart is heavy with grief. Both cold and poor, no one knows my hardship. Enough! It was truly made by Heaven, what can I do!

王事適我，政事一埤益我。我入自外，室人交遍謫我。已焉哉！天實為之，謂之何哉！

The king's business falls on me, the government's tasks are all added onto me. When I come in from outside, the household take turns scolding me. Enough! It was truly made by Heaven, what can I do!

王事敦我，政事一埤遺我。我入自外，室人交遍摧我。已焉哉！天實為之，謂之何哉！

The king's business presses me, the government's tasks are all left to me. When I come in from outside, the household take turns humiliating me. Enough! It was truly made by Heaven, what can I do!

北風其涼，雨雪其雱。惠而好我，攜手同行。其虛其邪？既亟只且！

The north wind is cold, the snow falls thick and heavy. Those who love me and are fond of me, let us go together hand in hand. Still hesitating, still delaying? It is already urgent!

北風其喈，雨雪其霏。惠而好我，攜手同歸。其虛其邪？既亟只且！

The north wind whistles hard, the snow falls fine and dense. Those who love me and are fond of me, let us go home together hand in hand. Still hesitating, still delaying? It is already urgent!

莫赤匪狐，莫黑匪烏。惠而好我，攜手同車。其虛其邪？既亟只且！

Nothing that is not red is a fox, nothing that is not black is a crow. Those who love me and are fond of me, let us ride in the same carriage. Still hesitating, still delaying? It is already urgent!

靜女其姝，俟我於城隅。愛而不見，搔首踟躕。

The quiet girl is so lovely, she waits for me at the corner of the city wall. Hiding where I cannot see her, I scratch my head and pace back and forth.

靜女其孌，貽我彤管。彤管有煒，說懌女美。

The quiet girl is so lovely, she gives me a red pipe. The red pipe is glossy, I love your beauty.

自牧歸荑，洵美且異。匪女之為美，美人之貽。

From the pasture she brought back a reed shoot, truly lovely and rare. It is not the reed shoot itself that is lovely, it is a gift from a beauty.

新臺有泚，河水瀰瀰。燕婉之求，蘧篨不鮮。

The new tower is bright and shining, the river swells full. He sought a fine match, but got one as ugly as a toad.

新臺有灑，河水浼浼。燕婉之求，蘧篨不殄。

The new tower is tall and steep, the river swells wide. He sought a fine match, but got one like a toad that will not go away.

魚網之設，鴻則離之。燕婉之求，得此戚施。

A fish net was set, but a wild goose was caught in it. He sought a fine match, but got this hunchbacked man.

二子乘舟，泛泛其景。願言思子，中心養養！

The two sons go by boat, their shadows drifting far. May my thoughts of you both leave my heart sorrowing and unsettled!

二子乘舟，泛泛其逝。願言思子，不瑕有害？

The two sons go by boat, drifting far away. May my thoughts of you both be so, surely no harm will come?

泛彼柏舟，在彼中河。髧彼兩髦，實維我儀。之死矢靡它。母也天只，不諒人只！

That cypress boat drifts in the middle of the river. The young man with his hair hanging in two tufts is truly my mate. Until death I swear to have no second heart. O mother, O Heaven, you do not understand people!

泛彼柏舟，在彼河側。髧彼兩髦，實維我特。之死矢靡慝。母也天只，不諒人只！

That cypress boat drifts at the side of the river. The young man with his hair hanging in two tufts is truly my match. Until death I swear to have no wicked thought. O mother, O Heaven, you do not understand people!

牆有茨，不可掃也。中冓之言，不可道也。所可道也，言之醜也。

On the wall there are thorny caltrops, they cannot be swept away. The words within the palace cannot be spoken. What can be spoken would be shameful to say.

牆有茨，不可襄也。中冓之言，不可詳也。所可詳也，言之長也。

On the wall there are thorny caltrops, they cannot be removed. The words within the palace cannot be told in detail. What can be told in detail would take too long to say.

牆有茨，不可束也。中冓之言，不可讀也。所可讀也，言之辱也。

On the wall there are thorny caltrops, they cannot be bundled away. The words within the palace cannot be read out. What can be read out would be disgraceful to say.

君子偕老，副笄六珈。委委佗佗，如山如河，象服是宜。子之不淑，雲如之何？

The gentleman was to grow old with her, her false hair set with a hairpin and six jade pendants. Her bearing is graceful and stately, like mountains and rivers, her ceremonial dress is just right. You are so unkind, what can anyone do?

玼兮玼兮，其之翟也。鬒髮如云，不屑髢也。玉之瑱也，象之揥也，揚且之晳也。胡然而天也！胡然而帝也。

Bright and splendid, her pheasant-feather robe. Her black hair is like clouds, and she scorns false hair. Jade earplugs, an ivory hairpin, and her brow is fair. Why like a goddess! Why like a divine ruler!

瑳兮瑳兮，其之展也。蒙彼縐絺，是紲袢也。子之清揚，揚且之顏也。展如之人兮，邦之媛也！

Vivid and bright, her fine robe. Over it is the crinkled fine cloth, and next to the skin her undergarment. Your eyes and brows are clear and lovely, and your brow is fair. Truly such a person is the beauty of the state!

爰採唐矣？沬之鄉矣。雲誰之思？美孟姜矣。期我乎桑中，要我乎上宮，送我乎淇之上矣。

Where does one pick the dodder? In the village of Mei. Who do I long for? The lovely Meng Jiang. She arranged to meet me in the mulberry grove, invited me to the upper palace, and saw me off at the banks of the Qi.

爰採麥矣？沬之北矣。雲誰之思？美孟弋矣。期我乎桑中，要我乎上宮，送我乎淇之上矣。

Where does one pick the wheat? North of Mei. Who do I long for? The lovely Meng Yi. She arranged to meet me in the mulberry grove, invited me to the upper palace, and saw me off at the banks of the Qi.

爰採葑矣？沬之東矣。雲誰之思？美孟庸矣。期我乎桑中，要我乎上宮，送我乎淇之上矣。

Where does one pick the turnip? East of Mei. Who do I long for? The lovely Meng Yong. She arranged to meet me in the mulberry grove, invited me to the upper palace, and saw me off at the banks of the Qi.

鶉之奔奔，鵲之彊彊。人之無良，我以為兄！

The quail flies fast, the magpie flies strong. This man is not good, and I still treat him as an elder brother!

鵲之彊彊，鶉之奔奔。人之無良，我以為君！

The magpie flies strong, the quail flies fast. This man is not good, and I still treat him as my lord!

定之方中，作於楚宮。揆之以日，作於楚室。樹之榛栗，椅桐梓漆，爰伐琴桑。

The Ying Shi star is at the zenith, and the palace at Chuqiu is built. By measuring the sun's shadow, the dwellings at Chuqiu are built. Plant hazel and chestnut, catalpa and lacquer trees, and then cut them to make zithers.

升彼虛矣，以望楚矣。望楚與堂，景山與京。降觀於桑，卜雲其吉，終然允臧。

Climbing that ruined mound, to look out toward Chuqiu. Looking at Chuqiu and Tangyi, the great hills and high mounds. Coming down to look at the mulberry fields, divination said it was auspicious, and in the end it was sound and good.

靈雨既零，命彼倌人，星言夙駕，說於桑田。匪直也人，秉心塞淵，騋牝三千。

The good rain has fallen, and he tells the man in charge of the carriage, when the sky clears, to yoke the carriage early and halt at the mulberry field. It is not only this man, whose heart is full and deep, with tall horses and mares three thousand in number.

蝃蝀在東，莫之敢指。女子有行，遠父母兄弟。

The rainbow is in the east, and no one dares to point at it. A girl goes to be married far away, far from her parents and brothers.

朝隮於西，崇朝其雨。女子有行，遠兄弟父母。

The rainbow mist is in the west in the morning, and it rains all morning. A girl goes to be married far away, far from her brothers and parents.

乃如之人也，懷婚姻也。大無信也，不知命也！

To think there is such a person, who thinks of marriage. So without good faith, and not knowing the mandate of Heaven!

相鼠有皮，人而無儀！人而無儀，不死何為？

Look at the rat, it still has skin, yet people have no dignity! A person without dignity, why not die?

相鼠有齒，人而無止！人而無止，不死何俟？

Look at the rat, it still has teeth, yet people have no restraint! A person without restraint, why not die and wait no more?

相鼠有體，人而無禮，人而無禮！胡不遄死？

Look at the rat, it still has limbs, yet people have no ritual, people have no ritual! Why not die quickly?

孑孑幹旄，在浚之郊。素絲紕之，良馬四之。彼姝者子，何以畀之？

The tall banner of ox tails, in the outskirts of Jun. Edged with white silk, four fine horses follow. That excellent person, what shall I give him?

孑孑幹旟，在浚之都。素絲組之，良馬五之。彼姝者子，何以予之？

The tall banner of falcons, in the city of Jun. Woven with white silk cords, five fine horses follow. That excellent person, what shall I give him?

孑孑幹旌，在浚之城。素絲祝之，良馬六之。彼姝者子，何以告之？

The tall banner of feathers, inside the walls of Jun. Tied with white silk, six fine horses follow. That excellent person, what shall I tell him?

載馳載驅，歸唁衛侯。驅馬悠悠，言至於漕。大夫跋涉，我心則憂。

Galloping and driving, I go back to condole with the Marquis of Wei. Driving the horses, the road is long, and I have only now reached Cao. A great officer has come trudging, and my heart is sorrowful.

既不我嘉，不能旋反。視爾不臧，我思不遠。

Since they do not approve of me, I cannot go back right away. Seeing that you are not sound in your plans, my thoughts are not distant.

既不我嘉，不能旋濟？視爾不臧，我思不閟。

Since they do not approve of me, can I not cross the river and return right away? Seeing that you are not sound in your plans, my thoughts are not blocked.

陟彼阿丘，言採其蝱。女子善懷，亦各有行。許人尤之，眾稚且狂。

Climbing that hill, I pick the fritillary. A woman is full of sorrow and feeling, and each has her own reasons. The people of Xu blame her, and the crowd is childish and arrogant.

我行其野，芃芃其麥。控於大邦，誰因誰極？大夫君子，無我有尤。百爾所思，不如我所之。

I walk in the wilds, and the wheat is thick and lush. I appeal to a great state, but whom can I rely on, whom can I turn to? Great officers and gentlemen, do not blame me. All the hundred things you think of are not as good as the direction I am headed.

瞻彼淇奧，綠竹猗猗。有匪君子，如切如磋，如琢如磨，瑟兮僴兮，赫兮咺兮。有匪君子，終不可諼兮。

Looking at that bend in the Qi, the green bamboo is lovely and lush. The gentleman of refinement is like something cut and filed, carved and polished, dignified and broad-minded, brilliant and magnificent. The gentleman of refinement can never be forgotten.

瞻彼淇奧，綠竹青青。有匪君子，充耳秀瑩，會弁如星。瑟兮僴兮。赫兮咺兮，有匪君子，終不可諼兮。

Looking at that bend in the Qi, the green bamboo is fresh and green. The gentleman of refinement, his earplugs are fine and shining, and where the seams of his leather cap meet are like stars. Dignified and broad-minded. Brilliant and magnificent, the gentleman of refinement can never be forgotten.

瞻彼淇奧，綠竹如簀。有匪君子，如金如錫，如圭如璧。寬兮綽兮，猗重較兮。善戲謔兮，不為虐兮。

Looking at that bend in the Qi, the green bamboo is dense as a mat. The gentleman of refinement is like gold and tin, like a jade tablet and a jade disc. Easygoing and at ease, leaning on the carriage with a double rail. He is good at jesting, but never goes so far as cruelty.

考槃在澗，碩人之寬。獨寐寤言，永矢弗諼。

Beating a basin by the mountain stream, the tall one is so broad-minded. Sleeping alone, speaking on waking, he swears forever never to forget.

考槃在阿，碩人之薖。獨寐寤歌，永矢弗過。

Beating a basin by the hillside, the tall one is so gentle. Sleeping alone, singing on waking, he swears forever never to cross the line.

考槃在六，碩人之軸。獨寐寤宿，永矢弗告。

Beating a basin on the high ground (the base text has a variant character for "high ground"; it is an error for the correct one), the tall one lingers and will not leave. Sleeping alone, lodging on waking, he swears forever not to tell anyone.

碩人其頎，衣錦褧衣。齊侯之子，衛侯之妻。東宮之妹，邢侯之姨，譚公維私。

The tall one is so slender, in brocade with a light robe over it. The daughter of the Marquis of Qi, the wife of the Marquis of Wei. The sister of the crown prince, the maternal aunt of the Marquis of Xing, and the Duke of Tan is her brother-in-law.

手如柔荑，膚如凝脂，領如蝤蠐，齒如瓠犀，螓首蛾眉，巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮。

Her hands are like tender reed shoots, her skin like congealed fat, her neck like the grub of the longhorn beetle, her teeth like gourd seeds, with a broad forehead and slender brows, her charming smile showing dimples, her lovely eyes clear in black and white.

碩人敖敖，說於農郊。四牡有驕，朱幩鑣鑣。翟茀以朝。大夫夙退，無使君勞。

The tall one is so long and graceful, her carriage halts in the outskirts. The four stallions are spirited and strong, the red silk on the bits and the bells ring out. The carriage with pheasant feathers comes to the audience. Let the great officers withdraw early, and not tire the ruler.

河水洋洋，北流活活。施罛濊濊，鱣鮪發發。葭菼揭揭，庶姜孽孽，庶士有朅。

The river is vast and wide, flowing north with a gurgle. The nets cast into the water make a splash, the sturgeon and pike leap. The reeds stand tall, the many ladies of the Jiang clan are splendidly dressed, and the many gentlemen are strong and vigorous.

氓之蚩蚩，抱布貿絲。匪來貿絲，來即我謀。送子涉淇，至於頓丘。匪我愆期，子無良媒。將子無怒，秋以為期。

That man was all smiles, carrying cloth to trade for silk. He was not coming to trade for silk, he came to talk over a match with me. I saw you across the Qi, all the way to Dunqiu. It was not that I delayed the date, you had no good matchmaker. Please do not be angry, and let us set autumn as the time.

乘彼垝垣，以望復關。不見覆關，泣涕漣漣。既見覆關，載笑載言。爾卜爾筮，體無咎言。以爾車來，以我賄遷。

Climbing that broken wall, to look toward Fuguan. Not seeing Fuguan, my tears fall in streams. Now that I have seen Fuguan, I laugh and speak. You consulted the tortoise and the stalks, and the signs held no ill word. Come with your carriage and carry off my goods.

桑之未落，其葉沃若。于嗟鳩兮！無食桑葚。于嗟女兮！無與士耽。士之耽兮，猶可說也。女之耽兮，不可說也。

The mulberry leaves have not yet fallen, their leaves are glossy. Ah, doves! Do not eat the mulberries. Ah, girls! Do not indulge with men. If a man indulges, he can still free himself. If a woman indulges, she cannot free herself.

桑之落矣，其黃而隕。自我徂爾，三歲食貧。淇水湯湯，漸車帷裳。女也不爽，士二其行。士也罔極，二三其德。

The mulberry leaves have fallen, yellow and dropping. Since I came to your house, for three years I have eaten poverty. The Qi flows wide, and soaked the curtains of the carriage. The woman had no fault, but the man was double-hearted. The man has no standard, and is of two minds and three.

三歲為婦，靡室勞矣。夙興夜寐，靡有朝矣。言既遂矣，至於暴矣。兄弟不知，咥其笑矣。靜言思之，躬自悼矣。

For three years I was a wife, and no toil of the household did I leave undone. Rising early and sleeping late, not one morning was free. Once he had his wish, it turned to cruelty. My brothers do not know, and laugh and laugh at me. Sitting quietly I think of it, and grieve over myself alone.

及爾偕老，老使我怨。淇則有岸，隰則有泮。總角之宴，言笑晏晏，信誓旦旦，不思其反。反是不思，亦已焉哉！

I was to grow old with you, but growing old only brings me resentment. The Qi has its banks, and the marsh has its edge. The joy of our youth, the talk and laughter and ease, the sincere vows, but I did not think of the outcome. The outcome I did not think of, and let it be, enough!

籊籊竹竿，以釣於淇。豈不爾思？遠莫致之。

A slender bamboo pole, used to fish in the Qi. Do I not think of you? The road is far and I cannot reach you.

泉源在左，淇水在右。女子有行，遠兄弟父母。

The spring source is on the left, the Qi on the right. A girl goes to be married far away, far from brothers and parents.

淇水在右，泉源在左。巧笑之瑳，佩玉之儺。

The Qi is on the right, the spring source on the left. A charming smile shows white teeth, and the jade pendants sound in rhythm as she walks.

淇水滺滺，檜楫松舟。駕言出遊，以寫我憂。

The Qi flows on and on, with cypress oars and pine boat. I will drive out to roam, to pour out my sorrow.

芄蘭之支，童子佩觿。雖則佩觿，能不我知。容兮遂兮，垂帶悸兮。

The branch of the wanlan plant, the boy wears the knot-opening awl. Though he wears the knot-opening awl, he does not understand me. His manner is so self-satisfied, his sash hangs and sways.

芄蘭之葉，童子佩韘。雖則佩韘，能不我甲。容兮遂兮，垂帶悸兮。

The leaf of the wanlan plant, the boy wears the archer's thumb ring. Though he wears the thumb ring, he is no match for me. His manner is so self-satisfied, his sash hangs and sways.

誰謂河廣？一葦杭之。誰謂宋遠？跂予望之。

Who says the Yellow River is wide? A single reed can cross it. Who says Song is far? Standing on tiptoe I can see it.

誰謂河廣？曾不容刀。誰謂宋遠？曾不崇朝。

Who says the Yellow River is wide? It cannot even hold a small boat. Who says Song is far? It would not take even a morning.

伯兮朅兮，邦之桀兮。伯也執殳，為王前驅。

Bo is so martial, a hero of the state. Bo holds the staff, as vanguard for the king.

自伯之東，首如飛蓬。豈無膏沐？誰適為容！

Since Bo went east, my hair is like tumbleweed. Is it that I have no oil and wash? For whom would I make myself up!

其雨其雨，杲杲出日。願言思伯，甘心首疾。

I hope for rain, I hope for rain, but the sun comes out bright. May I think of Bo, and gladly suffer the headache.

焉得諼草？言樹之背。願言思伯。使我心痗。

Where can I get the daylily? I will plant it at the north hall. May I think of Bo, though it makes my heart ache.

有狐綏綏，在彼淇梁。心之憂矣，之子無裳。

There is a fox walking slowly, on the bridge over the Qi. The sorrow in my heart, this man has no skirt.

有狐綏綏，在彼淇厲。心之憂矣，之子無帶。

There is a fox walking slowly, at the shallows of the Qi. The sorrow in my heart, this man has no belt.

有狐綏綏，在彼淇側。心之憂矣，之子無服。

There is a fox walking slowly, by the banks of the Qi. The sorrow in my heart, this man has no clothes.

投我以木瓜，報之以瓊琚。匪報也，永以為好也！

You threw me a quince, and I repay you with a fine jade pendant. It is not for repayment, but to be friends forever!

投我以木桃，報之以瓊瑤。匪報也，永以為好也！

You threw me a peach, and I repay you with a fine jade ornament. It is not for repayment, but to be friends forever!

投我以木李，報之以瓊九。匪報也，永以為好也！

You threw me a plum, and I repay you with a fine black jade. (The base text has a variant character for "black jade"; it is an error for the correct one.) It is not for repayment, but to be friends forever!

彼黍離離，彼稷之苗。行邁靡靡，中心搖搖。知我者，謂我心憂；不知我者，謂我何求。悠悠蒼天，此何人哉？

The millet grows in thick rows, the sorghum is just sprouting. I walk slowly, my heart wavering. Those who know me say my heart is sorrowful; those who do not know me say I am seeking something. O distant blue Heaven, what kind of person is this?

彼黍離離，彼稷之穗。行邁靡靡，中心如醉。知我者，謂我心憂；不知我者，謂我何求。悠悠蒼天，此何人哉？

The millet grows in thick rows, the sorghum is just coming into ear. I walk slowly, my heart as if drunk. Those who know me say my heart is sorrowful; those who do not know me say I am seeking something. O distant blue Heaven, what kind of person is this?

彼黍離離，彼稷之實。行邁靡靡，中心如噎。知我者，謂我心憂；不知我者，謂我何求。悠悠蒼天，此何人哉？

The millet grows in thick rows, the sorghum is already in grain. I walk slowly, my heart as if choked. Those who know me say my heart is sorrowful; those who do not know me say I am seeking something. O distant blue Heaven, what kind of person is this?

君子于役，不知其期。曷至哉？雞棲於塒。日之夕矣，羊牛下來。君子于役，如之何勿思！

My lord is away on service, and I do not know the time. When will he come home? The chickens roost in the holes in the wall. The sun is setting, and the sheep and cattle come down. My lord is away on service, how can I not think of him!

君子于役，不日不月。曷其有佸？雞棲於桀。日之夕矣，羊牛下括。君子于役，苟無飢渴？

My lord is away on service, not counting days or months. When can we meet? The chickens roost on the stakes. The sun is setting, and the sheep and cattle come down to gather. My lord is away on service, I only ask that he not go hungry or thirsty.

君子陽陽，左執簧，右招我由房，其樂只且！

My lord is cheerful and self-satisfied, in his left hand he holds a reed pipe, and with his right he beckons me out of the room, how happy!

君子陶陶，左執翿，右招我由敖，其樂只且！

My lord is joyful and at ease, in his left hand he holds a feather fan, and with his right he beckons me out from where he roams, how happy!

揚之水，不流束薪。彼其之子，不與我戍申。懷哉懷哉，曷月予還歸哉？

The rushing water cannot carry off a bundle of firewood. That person is not on garrison duty at Shen with me. I long, I long, in which month can I go back?

揚之水，不流束楚。彼其之子，不與我戍甫。懷哉懷哉，曷月予還歸哉？

The rushing water cannot carry off a bundle of thorn twigs. That person is not on garrison duty at Fu with me. I long, I long, in which month can I go back?

揚之水，不流束蒲。彼其之子，不與我戍許。懷哉懷哉，曷月予還歸哉？

The rushing water cannot carry off a bundle of rushes. That person is not on garrison duty at Xu with me. I long, I long, in which month can I go back?

中谷有蓷，暵其幹矣。有女仳離，慨其嘆矣。慨其嘆矣，遇人之艱難矣。

In the valley there is motherwort, withered and dry. There is a woman who was cast off, sighing with feeling. Sighing with feeling, she has met the hardship of being a person.

中谷有蓷，暵其修矣。有女仳離，條其歗矣。條其歗矣，遇人之不淑矣。

In the valley there is motherwort, dry and thin. There is a woman who was cast off, whistling long and sighing. Whistling long and sighing, the one she met was unkind.

中谷有蓷，暵其溼矣。有女仳離，啜其泣矣。啜其泣矣，何嗟及矣。

In the valley there is motherwort, dry yet looking soaked. There is a woman who was cast off, sobbing and weeping. Sobbing and weeping, what use is sighing.

有兔爰爰，雉離於羅。我生之初，尚無為；我生之後，逢此百罹。尚寐無吪。

The hare walks slowly, but the pheasant falls into the net. At the beginning of my life, there were not yet these troubles; after my life began, I met all these sorrows. I only wish to sleep and not stir again.

有兔爰爰，雉離於罦。我生之初，尚無造；我生之後，逢此百憂。尚寐無覺。

The hare walks slowly, but the pheasant falls into the cart net. At the beginning of my life, there were not yet these contrivances; after my life began, I met all these worries. I only wish to sleep and not wake again.

有兔爰爰，雉離於罿。我生之初，尚無庸；我生之後，逢此百兇。尚寐無聰。

The hare walks slowly, but the pheasant falls into the covered net. At the beginning of my life, there were not yet these corvee labors; after my life began, I met all these dangers. I only wish to sleep and not hear again.

綿綿葛藟，在河之滸。終遠兄弟，謂他人父。謂他人父，亦莫我顧！

The kudzu creepers spread without end, by the river's edge. Having left my brothers far behind, I call another man father. Calling another man father, he still does not look after me!

綿綿葛爰，在河之藟。終遠兄弟，謂他人母。謂他人母，亦莫我有！

The kudzu creepers spread without end, by the river's edge. (The base text is garbled here, and is rendered here according to the sense of the poem.) Having left my brothers far behind, I call another woman mother. Calling another woman mother, she still does not treat me as a son!

綿綿葛藟，在河之漘。終遠兄弟，謂他人昆。謂他人昆，亦莫我聞！

The kudzu creepers spread without end, on the river bank. Having left my brothers far behind, I call another man elder brother. Calling another man elder brother, he still does not ask after me!

彼采葛兮，一日不見，如三月兮！

That man who gathers kudzu, a day without seeing him is like three months!

彼採蕭兮，一日不見，如三秋兮！

That man who gathers southernwood, a day without seeing him is like three autumns!

彼採艾兮！一日不見，如三歲兮！

That man who gathers mugwort! A day without seeing him is like three years!

大車檻檻，毳衣如菼。豈不爾思？畏子不敢。

The great cart rumbles, the woolen clothes are the color of reed. Do I not think of you? I fear you and dare not.

大車啍啍，毳衣如璊，豈不爾思？畏子不奔。

The great cart rolls slowly, the woolen clothes are the red of jade. Do I not think of you? I fear you and dare not elope.

谷則異室，死則同穴。謂予不信，有如皎日。

While alive we live in separate rooms, and when dead we shall be buried in one grave. If you say I am not sincere, there is the bright sun as my witness.

丘中有麻，彼留子嗟。彼留子嗟，將其來施施。

On the hill there is hemp, the one who kept Zijie there. The one who kept Zijie there, we will ask him to come slowly.

丘中有麥，彼留子國。彼留子國，將其來食。

On the hill there is wheat, the one who kept Ziguo there. The one who kept Ziguo there, we will invite him to come and eat.

丘中有李，彼留之子。彼留之子，貽我佩九。

On the hill there are plum trees, the one who stayed there. The one who stayed there, gave me jade pendants. (The base text has a variant character for "black jade"; it is an error for the correct one.)

緇衣之宜兮，敝予又改為兮。適子之館兮。還予授子之粲兮。

The black robe fits so well, when it is worn out I will make you another. I go to your lodging. When I return I will give you food.

緇衣之好兮，敝予又改造兮。適子之館兮，還予授子之粲兮。

The black robe is so handsome, when it is worn out I will remake you another. I go to your lodging, when I return I will give you food.

緇衣之席兮，敝予又改作兮。適子之館兮，還予授子之粲兮。

The black robe is so ample, when it is worn out I will make you another. I go to your lodging, when I return I will give you food.

將仲子兮，無逾我裡，無折我樹杞。豈敢愛之？畏我父母。仲可懷也，父母之言亦可畏也。

I beg you, Zhong Zi, do not climb over my village lane, do not break the willow trees I planted. How dare I begrudge the trees? I fear my parents. Zhong is worth longing for, but my parents' words are also fearsome.

將仲子兮，無逾我牆，無折我樹桑。豈敢愛之？畏我諸兄。仲可懷也，諸兄之言亦可畏也。

I beg you, Zhong Zi, do not climb over my wall, do not break the mulberry trees I planted. How dare I begrudge the trees? I fear my elder brothers. Zhong is worth longing for, but my brothers' words are also fearsome.

將仲子兮，無逾我園，無折我樹檀。豈敢愛之？畏人之多言。仲可懷也，人之多言亦可畏也。

I beg you, Zhong Zi, do not climb over my garden, do not break the sandalwood trees I planted. How dare I begrudge the trees? I fear the gossip of others. Zhong is worth longing for, but the gossip of others is also fearsome.

叔于田，巷無居人。豈無居人？不如叔也。洵美且仁。

Shu has gone hunting, and the lane seems empty of people. Is it truly empty? Only that none is the equal of Shu. He is truly handsome and kind.

叔於狩，巷無飲酒。豈無飲酒？不如叔也。洵美且好。

Shu has gone on the winter hunt, and the lane seems to have no one drinking. Is there truly no one drinking? Only that none is the equal of Shu. He is truly handsome and good.

叔適野，巷無服馬。豈無服馬？不如叔也。洵美且武。

Shu has gone out to the wilds, and the lane seems to have no one riding horses. Is there truly no one riding horses? Only that none is the equal of Shu. He is truly handsome and brave.

叔于田，乘乘馬。執轡如組，兩驂如舞。叔在藪，火烈具舉。襢裼暴虎，獻於公所。將叔勿狃，戒其傷女。

Shu goes hunting, driving four horses. He holds the reins like woven silk cords, and the side horses seem to dance. Shu is in the marsh, and the torches are raised together. Baring his chest and with empty hands he fights a tiger and presents it at the lord's hall. I beg Shu not to take it lightly, lest it hurt you.

叔于田，乘乘黃。兩服上襄，兩驂雁行。叔在藪，火烈具揚。叔善射忌，又良御忌。抑罄控忌，抑縱送忌。

Shu goes hunting, driving four yellow horses. The two middle horses are in front, the side horses are in a line like geese. Shu is in the marsh, and the torches are raised together. Shu is good at shooting, and also good at driving. Sometimes he reins in the horses, sometimes he looses arrows in pursuit.

叔于田，乘乘鴇。兩服齊首，兩驂如手。叔在藪，火烈具阜。叔馬慢忌，叔發罕忌，抑釋掤忌，抑鬯弓忌。

Shu goes hunting, driving four mottled horses. The two middle horses are level, the side horses like left and right hands. Shu is in the marsh, and the torches blaze together. Shu's horses slow down, Shu shoots fewer arrows, sometimes opening the quiver lid, sometimes putting the bow into its bag.

清人在彭，駟介旁旁。二矛重英，河上乎翱翔。

The men of Qing are at Peng, four armored horses go along pang-pang. Two spears with red tassels overlap, soaring along the river.

清人在消，駟介麃麃。二矛重喬，河上乎逍遙。

The men of Qing are at Xiao, four armored horses go along biao-biao. Two spears with tall feathers overlap, roaming at ease along the river.

清人在軸，駟介陶陶。左旋右抽，中軍作好。

The men of Qing are at Zhou, four armored horses go along tao-tao. On the left they wheel, on the right they draw blades, and the central army puts on a fine display.

羔裘如濡，洵直且侯。彼其之子，捨命不渝。

The lambskin robe is glossy, truly upright and fine. That man would not change even at the cost of his life.

羔裘豹飾，孔武有力。彼其之子，邦之司直。

The lambskin robe is trimmed with leopard fur, very martial and strong. That man is the one who upholds uprightness in the state.

羔裘晏兮，三英粲兮。彼其之子，邦之彥兮。

The lambskin robe is bright, the three rows of ornament gleam. That man is a fine gentleman of the state.

遵大路兮，摻執子之袪兮。無我惡兮，不蓵故也！

Along the great road, I hold you by the sleeve. Do not hate me, do not suddenly cut off our old ties!

遵大路兮，摻執子之手兮。無我魗兮，不蓵好也！

Along the great road, I hold you by the hand. Do not find me ugly, do not suddenly cut off our friendship!

女曰雞鳴，士曰昧旦。子興視夜，明星有爛。將翱將翔，弋鳧與雁。

The woman says the rooster has crowed, the man says it is not yet dawn. Get up and look at the night, the morning star is still bright. About to go roaming, to shoot wild ducks and geese.

弋言加之，與子宜之。宜言飲酒，與子偕老。琴瑟在御，莫不靜好。

Having shot them, I will prepare them as a fine dish with you. After the dish is ready we will drink wine, and I will grow old with you. With the zithers played before us, nothing is not calm and harmonious.

知子之來之，雜佩以贈之。知子之順之，雜佩以問之。知子之好之，雜佩以報之。

Knowing that you come to see me, I give you a set of pendants. Knowing that you follow me, I greet you with a set of pendants. Knowing that you love me, I repay you with a set of pendants.

有女同車，顏如舜華。將翱將翔，佩玉瓊琚。彼美孟姜，洵美且都。

There is a woman in the carriage, her face like a hibiscus flower. About to go roaming, she wears a fine jade pendant. That lovely Meng Jiang, truly beautiful and graceful.

有女同行，顏如舜英。將翱將翔，佩玉將將。彼美孟姜，德音不忘。

There is a woman walking with me, her face like a hibiscus flower. About to go roaming, her jade pendants chime. That lovely Meng Jiang, her good name cannot be forgotten.

山有扶蘇，隰有荷華。不見子都，乃見狂且。

On the hill there is the fusu tree, in the low ground there are lotuses. I do not see Zidu, but see a wild fellow.

山有喬松，隰有游龍，不見子充，乃見狡童。

On the hill there is a tall pine, in the low ground there is red grass. I do not see Zichong, but see a sly boy.

蘀兮蘀兮，風其吹女。叔兮伯兮，倡予和女。

Fallen leaves, oh fallen leaves, the wind is blowing you. Uncles, oh elder uncles, you sing and I will join in.

蘀兮蘀兮，風其漂女。叔兮伯兮，倡予要女。

Fallen leaves, oh fallen leaves, the wind is tossing you. Uncles, oh elder uncles, you sing and I will call out to you.

彼狡童兮，不與我言兮。維子之故，使我不能餐兮。

That sly youth, he will not speak with me. Because of you, I cannot eat my meal.

彼狡童兮，不與我食兮。維子之故，使我不能息兮。

That sly youth, he will not eat with me. Because of you, I cannot rest in peace.

子惠思我，褰裳涉溱。子不我思，豈無他人？狂童之狂也且！

If you love me and think of me, lift your robe and wade across the Zhen. If you do not think of me, are there no other men? You wild youth, you are going too far!

子惠思我，褰裳涉洧。子不我思，豈無他士？狂童之狂也且！

If you love me and think of me, lift your robe and wade across the Wei. If you do not think of me, are there no other gentlemen? You wild youth, you are going too far!

子之丰兮，俟我乎巷兮，悔予不送兮。

You were so full of grace, waiting for me in the lane, and I regret that I did not go with you.

子之昌兮，俟我乎堂兮，悔予不將兮。

You were so strong and fine, waiting for me in the hall, and I regret that I did not go with you.

衣錦褧衣，裳錦褧裳。叔兮伯兮，駕予與行。

She wears a brocade robe with a light coat over it, a brocade skirt with a light skirt over it. Uncles, oh elder uncles, drive your carriage and let me go along with you.

裳錦褧裳，衣錦褧衣。叔兮伯兮，駕予與歸。

She wears a brocade skirt with a light skirt over it, a brocade robe with a light coat over it. Uncles, oh elder uncles, drive your carriage and let me go home with you.

東門之墠，茹藘在阪。其室則邇，其人甚遠。

At the level ground by the east gate, madder grows on the slope. The house is near, but the person is very far.

東門之栗，有踐家室。豈不爾思？子不我即！

By the east gate stand chestnut trees, and there is a tidy home. How could I not think of you? It is you who do not come to me!

風雨悽悽，雞鳴喈喈，既見君子。雲胡不夷？

The wind and rain are cold and bleak, and the cock crows cheerfully; I have already seen my gentleman. How could I not be calm?

風雨瀟瀟，雞鳴膠膠。既見君子，雲胡不瘳？

The wind and rain are swift and driving, and the cock crows loudly. I have already seen my gentleman; how could I not be cured?

風雨如晦，雞鳴不已。既見君子，雲胡不喜？

The wind and rain are dark as night, and the cock crows without stopping. I have already seen my gentleman; how could I not be glad?

青青子衿，悠悠我心。縱我不往，子寧不嗣音？

Your collar is so green, and my heart is long and yearning. Even if I do not go to you, can you not keep sending word?

青青子佩，悠悠我思。縱我不往，子寧不來？

Your jade pendant is so green, and my longing is long and deep. Even if I do not go to you, can you not come?

挑兮達兮，在城闕兮。一日不見，如三月兮。

Coming and going, on the tower of the city gate. One day without seeing you is like three months.

揚之水，不流束楚。終鮮兄弟，維予與女。無信人之言，人實誑女。

The surging water cannot carry away a bundle of thorns. In the end we lack brothers, and there is only me and you. Do not listen to what others say; others are truly deceiving you.

揚之水，不流束薪。終鮮兄弟，維予二人。無信人之言，人實不信。

The surging water cannot carry away a bundle of firewood. In the end we lack brothers, and there are only the two of us. Do not listen to what others say; others truly cannot be trusted.

出其東門，有女如雲。雖則如雲。匪我思存。縞衣綦巾，聊樂我員。

Going out of that east gate, there are women as many as clouds. Though they are as many as clouds, none is the one I think of. In a white robe and a green scarf, she can for now make me glad.

出其闉闍，有女如荼。雖則如荼，匪我思且。縞衣茹藘，聊可與娛。

Going out of the bend of that city gate, there are women as many as rushes in flower. Though they are as many as rushes in flower, none is the one I think of. In a white robe and a madder-red scarf, she is someone I can enjoy myself with.

野有蔓草，零露漙兮。有美一人，清揚婉兮。邂逅相遇，適我願兮。

In the wilds there is creeping grass, and the dew that has fallen is round. There is a fair one, with bright and lovely brows and eyes. We met without planning, and it was just what my heart wished.

野有蔓草，零露瀼瀼。有美一人，婉如清揚。邂逅相遇，與子偕臧。

In the wilds there is creeping grass, and the dew that has fallen is heavy. There is a fair one, lovely, with bright brows and eyes. We met without planning, and I will be good together with you.

溱與洧，方渙渙兮。士與女，方秉蕳兮。女曰觀乎？士曰既且。且往觀乎？

The Zhen and the Wei rivers are in full, rushing flood. The men and women are holding orchids. The girl says: shall we go and see? The boy says: I have already been. Let us go and see again!

洧之外，洵訏且樂。維士與女，伊其相謔，贈之以勺藥。

Beyond the Wei, it is truly spacious and joyful. The men and women tease one another and give each other peonies.

溱與洧，瀏其清矣。士與女，殷其盈矣。女曰觀乎？士曰既且。且往觀乎？

The Zhen and the Wei rivers run clear and deep. The men and women are there in crowds. The girl says: shall we go and see? The boy says: I have already been. Let us go and see again!

洧之外，洵訏且樂。維士與女，伊其將謔，贈之以勺藥。

Beyond the Wei, it is truly spacious and joyful. The men and women are about to tease one another and give each other peonies.

雞既鳴矣，朝既盈矣。匪雞則鳴，蒼蠅之聲。

The cock has already crowed, and the court is already full. It is not the cock crowing, it is the sound of flies.

東方明矣，朝既昌矣。匪東方則明，月出之光。

The east is bright, and the court is already crowded. It is not the east that is bright, it is the light of the rising moon.

蟲飛薨薨，甘與子同夢。會且歸矣，無庶予子憎。

The insects fly with a buzzing hum, and I would gladly dream with you. The court is about to disperse and go home; I only hope no one will hate me and you for this.

子之還兮，遭我乎狃之間兮。並驅從兩肩兮，揖我謂我儇兮。

How nimble you are, meeting me in the mountains of Nao. We drove side by side chasing two big beasts, and you bowed and said I was quick.

子之茂兮，遭我乎狃之道兮。並驅從兩牡兮，揖我謂我好兮。

How handsome you are, meeting me on the road of Mount Nao. We drove side by side chasing two male beasts, and you bowed and said I was good.

子之昌兮，遭我乎狃之陽兮。並驅從兩狼兮，揖我謂我臧兮。

How strong and fine you are, meeting me south of Mount Nao. We drove side by side chasing two wolves, and you bowed and said I was fine.

俟我於著乎而，充耳以素乎而，尚之以瓊華乎而。

He waits for me at the gate screen, his ear-plugs of white silk, with a gem of fine jade added.

俟我於庭乎而，充耳以青乎而，尚之以瓊瑩乎而。

He waits for me in the courtyard, his ear-plugs of green silk, with a gem of bright jade added.

俟我於堂乎而，充耳以黃乎而，尚之以瓊英乎而。

He waits for me in the hall, his ear-plugs of yellow silk, with a gem of flower-like jade added.

東方之日兮，彼姝者子，在我室兮。在我室兮，履我即兮。

The sun in the east, that lovely one, is in my room. She is in my room, and she came treading on my footsteps.

東方之月兮，彼姝者子，在我闥兮。在我闥兮，履我發兮。

The moon in the east, that lovely one, is inside my door. She is inside my door, and she left treading on my footsteps.

東方未明，顛倒衣裳。顛之倒之，自公召之。

The east is not yet bright, and I have put on my clothes upside down. Upside down and inside out, because the lord summons me.

東方未晞，顛倒裳衣。倒之顛之，自公令之。

The east has not yet shown the sun, and I have put on my clothes upside down. Inside out and upside down, because the lord orders it.

折柳樊圃，狂夫瞿瞿。不能辰夜，不夙則莫。

They break willow branches to fence the vegetable garden, and the mad fellow stares with wide eyes. They cannot keep proper times for work and rest, either too early or too late.

南山崔崔，雄狐綏綏。魯道有蕩，齊子由歸。既曰歸止，曷又懷止？

The Southern Mountain rises tall and steep, and the male fox wanders slowly. The road of Lu is level, and the Qi girl came out from here to be married. Since she has already been married, why does he still long for her?

葛屨五兩，冠緌雙止。魯道有蕩，齊子庸止。既曰庸止，曷又從止？

Five pairs of kudzu shoes, and paired cap strings. The road of Lu is level, and the Qi girl goes along here. Since she has already gone, why does he still follow her?

蓺麻如之何？衡從其畝。取妻如之何？必告父母。既曰告止，曷又鞠止？

How does one plant hemp? Lay out the field rows crosswise and lengthwise. How does one take a wife? One must tell one’s parents. Since he has already told them, why does he go to such extremes and run wild?

析薪如之何？匪斧不克。取妻如之何？匪媒不得。既曰得止，曷又極止？

How does one split firewood? It cannot be done without an axe. How does one take a wife? It cannot be done without a matchmaker. Since he has already got her, why does he go to extremes?

無田甫田，維莠驕驕。無思遠人，勞心忉忉。

Do not plow that great field, for only weeds grow tall and rank. Do not long for the one who is far away, for the laboring heart is troubled and anxious.

無田甫田，維莠桀桀。無思遠人，勞心怛怛。

Do not plow that great field, for only weeds grow tall and thick. Do not long for the one who is far away, for the laboring heart aches with pain.

婉兮孌兮。總角丱兮。未幾見兮，突而弁兮！

How lovely, how lovely. His boyish topknots stood up like the horns of a lamb. Not long after, I saw him again, and suddenly he was wearing the leather cap!

盧令令，其人美且仁。

The bells on the black dog ring clearly, and that man is handsome and kind.

盧重環，其人美且鬈。

The black dog wears a double ring, and that man is handsome and has fine hair.

盧重鋂，其人美且偲。

The black dog wears a triple ring, and that man is handsome and talented.

敝笱在梁，其魚魴鰥。齊子歸止，其從如雲。

The broken fish trap is on the fish weir, and the fish inside are bream and big fish. The Qi lady has gone back, and her attendants are as many as clouds.

敝笱在梁，其魚魴鱮。齊子歸止，其從如雨。

The broken fish trap is on the fish weir, and the fish inside are bream and tench. The Qi lady has gone back, and her attendants are as many as rain.

敝笱在梁，其魚唯唯。齊子歸止，其從如水。

The broken fish trap is on the fish weir, and the fish go in and out freely. The Qi lady has gone back, and her attendants are as many as water.

載驅薄薄，簟茀朱鞹。魯道有蕩，齊子發夕。

The carriage drives swiftly, with a bamboo-mat screen and red leather trim. The road of Lu is level, and the Qi lady set out before it was light.

四驪濟濟，垂轡沵沵。魯道有蕩，齊子豈弟。

The four black horses are sleek and orderly, and the reins hang soft and supple. The road of Lu is level, and the Qi lady is gentle and at ease.

汶水湯湯，行人彭彭。魯道有蕩，齊子翱翔。

The Wen River is wide and flowing, and the passersby are many and busy. The road of Lu is level, and the Qi lady is roaming freely.

汶水滔滔，行人儦儦。魯道有蕩，齊了遊敖。

The Wen River flows with a rushing sound, and the passersby are numerous. The road of Lu is level, and the Qi lady is wandering at leisure. (The received text has “Qi liao” here, where “liao” is an error for “zi.”)

猗嗟昌兮，頎而長兮。抑若揚兮，美目揚兮。巧趨蹌兮，射則臧兮。

Ah, how strong and fine, how tall and slender. Handsome as raised eyebrows, with bright eyes lifted. His nimble steps are deft, and his archery is excellent.

猗嗟名兮，美目清兮。儀既成兮，終日射侯，不出正兮，展我甥兮。

Ah, how famous, with clear and lovely eyes. The ceremony is complete, and all day he shoots at the target, his arrows never leaving the bull’s-eye; truly he is my nephew.

猗嗟孌兮，清揚婉兮。舞則選兮，射則貫兮，四矢反兮，以御亂兮。

Ah, how fair, with bright and graceful brows and eyes. His dancing keeps the rhythm, his shots pierce through, and all four arrows return to the same place, enough to ward off disorder.

糾糾葛屨，可以履霜？摻摻女手，可以縫裳？要之襋之，好人服之。

The tightly woven kudzu shoes, can one tread on frost in them? The slender hands of the woman, can they sew clothes? She makes the waist and makes the collar, so that a good man may wear it.

好人提提，宛然左闢，佩其象揥。維是褊心，是以為刺。

The good man is serene and, with a graceful turn, steps aside to the left, wearing an ivory hairpin. It is because of this narrow-mindedness that this poem was made as a satire.

彼汾沮洳，言採其莫。彼其之子，美無度。美無度，殊異乎公路。

In that damp place by the Fen, they go to pick sorrel. That man is beautiful beyond measure. Beautiful beyond measure, he is utterly unlike the officials of the public road.

彼汾一方，言採其桑。彼其之子，美如英。美如英，殊異乎公行。

On that side of the Fen, they go to pick mulberry leaves. That man is beautiful as a flower. Beautiful as a flower, he is utterly unlike the officials of the public retinue.

彼汾一曲，言採其藚。彼其之子，美如玉。美如玉，殊異乎公族。

At that bend of the Fen, they go to pick water plantain. That man is beautiful as jade. Beautiful as jade, he is utterly unlike the officials of the ducal clan.

園有桃，其實之餚。心之憂矣，我歌且謠。不知我者，謂我士也驕。

In the garden there are peaches, and their fruit can be eaten as a vegetable. The sorrow in my heart, I sing and I chant. Those who do not know me say this scholar is proud.

彼人是哉，子曰何其？心之憂矣，其誰知之？其誰知之，蓋亦勿思！

Those people say they are right, and what do you say should be done? The sorrow in my heart, who knows it? Who knows it; why not simply stop thinking of it!

園有棘，其實之食。心之憂矣，聊以行國。不知我者，謂我士也罔極。

In the garden there are jujubes, and their fruit can be eaten. The sorrow in my heart, I wander for now through the state. Those who do not know me say this scholar has no rules.

彼人是哉，子曰何其？心之憂矣，其誰知之？其誰知之，蓋亦勿思！

Those people say they are right, and what do you say should be done? The sorrow in my heart, who knows it? Who knows it; why not simply stop thinking of it!

陟彼岵兮，瞻望父兮。父曰：嗟！予子行役，夙夜無已。上慎旃哉，猶來！無止！

I climb that wooded hill and look toward my father. My father says: Alas! My son is away on service, from morning to night without rest. Take care, and still come back! Do not stay there!

陟彼屺兮，瞻望母兮。母曰：嗟！予季行役，夙夜無寐。上慎旃哉，猶來！無棄！

I climb that bare hill and look toward my mother. My mother says: Alas! My youngest son is away on service, from morning to night without sleep. Take care, and still come back! Do not be cast aside!

陟彼岡兮，瞻望兄兮。兄曰：嗟！予弟行役，夙夜必偕。上慎旃哉，猶來！無死！

I climb that high ridge and look toward my elder brother. My brother says: Alas! My younger brother is away on service, from morning to night he must go along with his comrades. Take care, and still come back! Do not die there!

十畝之間兮，桑者閒閒兮，行與子還兮。

Within the ten mu, the mulberry pickers are at leisure and unhurried, and I will go back with you.

十畝之外兮，桑者洩洩兮，行與子逝兮。

Beyond the ten mu, the mulberry pickers are many and at ease, and I will go on ahead with you.

坎坎伐檀兮，置之河之幹兮。河水清且漣猗。不稼不穡，胡取禾三百廛兮？

With a chopping sound he cuts sandalwood and lays it by the riverside. The river is clear and rippling. He neither sows nor reaps; why does he get three hundred chan of grain?

不狩不獵，胡瞻爾庭有縣貆兮？彼君子兮，不素餐兮！

He does not hunt in winter or any season; why do we see badgers hanging in your courtyard? Those gentlemen do not eat for nothing!

坎坎伐輻兮，置之河之側兮。河水清且直猗。不稼不穡，胡取禾三百億兮？

With a chopping sound he cuts wheel spokes and lays them by the riverside. The river is clear and runs straight. He neither sows nor reaps; why does he get three hundred yi of grain?

不狩不獵，胡瞻爾庭有縣特兮？彼君子兮，不素食兮！

He does not hunt in winter or any season; why do we see big game hanging in your courtyard? Those gentlemen do not eat for nothing!

坎坎伐輪兮，置之河之漘兮。河水清且淪猗。不稼不穡，胡取禾三百囷兮？

With a chopping sound he cuts wheels and lays them on the riverbank. The river is clear and rippling. He neither sows nor reaps; why does he get three hundred qun of grain?

不狩不獵，胡瞻爾庭有縣鶉兮？彼君子兮，不素飧兮！

He does not hunt in winter or any season; why do we see quail hanging in your courtyard? Those gentlemen do not eat their dinners for nothing!

碩鼠碩鼠，無食我黍！三歲貫女，莫我肯顧。逝將去女，適彼樂土。樂土樂土，爰得我所。

Big rat, big rat, do not eat my millet! I served you for three years, and you were unwilling to look after me. I am about to leave you and go to that happy land. Happy land, happy land, there I will get my own place.

碩鼠碩鼠，無食我麥！三歲貫女，莫我肯德。逝將去女，適彼樂國。樂國樂國，爰得我直。

Big rat, big rat, do not eat my wheat! I served you for three years, and you were unwilling to remember my kindness. I am about to leave you and go to that happy realm. Happy realm, happy realm, there I will get what I deserve.

碩鼠碩鼠，無食我苗！三歲貫女，莫我肯勞。逝將去女，適彼樂郊。樂郊樂郊，誰之永號？

Big rat, big rat, do not eat my seedlings! I served you for three years, and you were unwilling to comfort me. I am about to leave you and go to that happy countryside. Happy countryside, happy countryside, who would go on wailing there?

蟋蟀在堂，歲聿其莫。今我不樂，日月其除。無已大康，職思其居。好樂無荒，良士瞿瞿。

The cricket is in the hall, and the year is near its end. If I am not merry now, the days and months will pass. But do not be too carefree; think of the duties of one’s position. Love pleasure but do not go to waste; the good man looks on with care.

蟋蟀在堂，歲聿其逝。今我不樂，日月其邁。無已大康，職思其外。好樂無荒，良士蹶蹶。

The cricket is in the hall, and the year is about to go by. If I am not merry now, the days and months will stride away. But do not be too carefree; think of the matters beyond one’s position. Love pleasure but do not go to waste; the good man is diligent and quick.

蟋蟀在堂，役車其休。今我不樂，日月其慆。無以大康。職思其憂。好樂無荒，良士休休。

The cricket is in the hall, and the service carts are about to rest. If I am not merry now, the days and months will fade away. But do not be too carefree. Think of troubles to come. Love pleasure but do not go to waste; the good man is calm and at ease.

山有樞，隰有榆。子有衣裳，弗曳弗婁。子有車馬，弗馳弗驅。宛其死矣，他人是愉。

On the mountain there are shu trees, in the lowland there are elms. You have robes and do not wear them or put them on. You have carriages and horses and do not drive or ride them. When you suddenly die, others will enjoy them.

山有栲，隰有杻。子有廷內，弗灑弗掃。子有鐘鼓，弗鼓弗考。宛其死矣，他人是保。

On the mountain there are kao trees, in the lowland there are niu trees. You have a courtyard and halls and do not sprinkle or sweep them. You have bells and drums and do not beat or strike them. When you suddenly die, others will possess them.

山有漆，隰有栗。子有酒食，何不日鼓瑟？且以喜樂，且以永日。宛其死矣，他人入室。

On the mountain there are lacquer trees, in the lowland there are chestnuts. You have wine and food; why do you not play the zither every day? Use them for pleasure, use them to lengthen your days. When you suddenly die, others will enter your house.

揚之水，白石鑿鑿。素衣朱襮，從子於沃。既見君子，云何不樂？

The surging water, with white stones bright and clear. In a white robe with a red collar, I follow you to Quwo. Having seen my lord, how could I not be happy?

揚之水，白石皓皓。素衣朱繡，從子於鵠。既見君子，云何其憂？

The surging water, with white stones glistening white. In a white robe with red embroidery, I follow you to Hu. Having seen my lord, how could I still be sad?

揚之水，白石粼粼。我聞有命，不敢以告人。

The surging water, with white stones sparkling clear. I have heard there is an order, but I dare not tell anyone.

椒聊之實，蕃衍盈升。彼其之子，碩大無朋。椒聊且，遠條且。

The pepper plant’s fruit grows so abundant it fills a measure. That man is tall beyond compare. Oh the pepper, its fragrance spreads far!

椒聊之實，蕃衍盈匊。彼其之子，碩大且篤。椒聊且，遠條且。

The pepper plant’s fruit grows so abundant it fills both hands. That man is tall and sincere. Oh the pepper, its fragrance spreads far!

綢繆束薪，三星在天。今夕何夕，見此良人？子兮子兮，如此良人何？

Firewood is bound tightly in a bundle, and the Three Stars are in the sky. What night is this tonight, that I see this good man? You, oh you, what will you do with this good man?

綢繆束芻，三星在隅。今夕何夕，見此邂逅？子兮子兮，如此邂逅何？

Fodder is bound tightly in a bundle, and the Three Stars are in the corner. What night is this tonight, that I meet this unexpected one? You, oh you, what will you do with this unexpected one?

綢繆束楚，三星在戶。今夕何夕，見此粲者？子兮子兮，如此粲者何？

Thorn branches are bound tightly in a bundle, and the Three Stars are at the door. What night is this tonight, that I see this radiant one? You, oh you, what will you do with this radiant one?

有杕之杜，其葉湑湑。獨行踽踽。豈無他人？不如我同父。嗟行之人，胡不比焉？人無兄弟，胡不佽焉？

There is one lone red crab-apple tree, its leaves thick and lush. Walking alone, I am forlorn. Are there no other people? None is like my brothers of the same father. Alas, you travelers, why do you not draw near? A man without brothers, why do you not help him?

有杕之杜，其葉箐箐。獨行睘睘。豈無他人？不如我同姓。嗟行之人，胡不比焉？人無兄弟，胡不佽焉？

There is one lone red crab-apple tree, its leaves dense and rich. Walking alone, I am friendless and uneasy. Are there no other people? None is like those of my own clan. Alas, you travelers, why do you not draw near? A man without brothers, why do you not help him?

羔裘豹祛，自我人居居。豈無他人？維子之故。

Lambskin coat with leopard cuffs, you are haughty toward us. Are there no other people? It is only because of your old affection.

羔裘豹褎，自我人究究。豈無他人？維子之好。

Lambskin coat with leopard cuffs, you are harsh toward us. Are there no other people? It is only because of your fondness.

肅肅鴇羽，集於苞栩。王事靡盬，不能蓺稷黍。父母何怙？悠悠蒼天，曷其有所？

The bustards flap their wings, settling on the clustered oak trees. The king’s service has no end, so we cannot plant millet and sorghum. What will our parents rely on? Far-off blue Heaven, when shall we have a place to settle?

肅肅鴇翼，集於苞棘。王事靡盬，不能蓺黍稷。父母何食？悠悠蒼天，曷其有極？

The bustards flap their wings, settling on the clustered jujube trees. The king’s service has no end, so we cannot plant sorghum and millet. What will our parents eat? Far-off blue Heaven, when shall there be an end?

肅肅鴇行，集於苞桑，王事靡盬，不能蓺稻梁。父母何嘗？悠悠蒼天，曷其有常？

The bustards in rows, settling on the clustered mulberry trees. The king’s service has no end, so we cannot plant rice and millet. What will our parents eat? Far-off blue Heaven, when shall things be in order?

豈曰無衣七兮？不如子之衣，安且吉兮！

Do you say I have no robe of seven emblems? It is not as good as your robe, so comfortable and auspicious!

豈曰無衣六兮？不如子之衣，安且燠兮！

Do you say I have no robe of six emblems? It is not as good as your robe, so comfortable and warm!

有杕之杜，生於道左。彼君子兮，噬肯適我？中心好之，曷飲食之？

There is one lone red crab-apple tree, growing on the left of the road. That gentleman, would he be willing to come to me? My heart delights in him; what could I give him to eat and drink?

有杕之杜，生於道周。彼君子兮，噬肯來遊？中心好之，曷飲食之？

There is one lone red crab-apple tree, growing at the bend of the road. That gentleman, would he be willing to come and visit? My heart delights in him; what could I give him to eat and drink?

葛生蒙楚，蘞蔓於野。予美亡此，誰與？獨處？

The kudzu grows and covers the thorn bushes, the creeper spreads over the wilds. My beloved is no longer here; with whom does he stay? Does he dwell alone?

葛生蒙棘，蘞蔓於域。予美亡此，誰與？獨息？

The kudzu grows and covers the jujube trees, the creeper spreads over the graveyard. My beloved is no longer here; with whom does he stay? Does he rest alone?

角枕粲兮，錦衾爛兮。予美亡此，誰與？獨旦？

The horn pillow is bright and shining, the brocade quilt is splendid. My beloved is no longer here; with whom does he stay? Is he alone until dawn?

夏之日，冬之夜。百歲之後，歸於其居。

The long days of summer, the long nights of winter. After a hundred years, I will return to his dwelling.

冬之夜，夏之日。百歲之後，歸於其室。

The long nights of winter, the long days of summer. After a hundred years, I will return to his tomb chamber.

采苓采苓，首陽之巔。人之為言，苟亦無信。舍旃舍旃，苟亦無然。人之為言，胡得焉？

Gathering licorice, gathering licorice, on the top of Mount Shouyang. The words that others make up, for now do not believe them. Drop them, drop them, for now do not think them true. The words that others make up, what can one gain from them?

採苦採苦，首陽之下。人之為言，苟亦無與。舍旃舍旃，苟亦無然。人之為言，胡得焉？

Gathering bitter greens, gathering bitter greens, at the foot of Mount Shouyang. The words that others make up, for now do not agree with them. Drop them, drop them, for now do not think them true. The words that others make up, what can one gain from them?

採葑採葑，首陽之東。人之為言，苟亦無從。舍旃舍旃，苟亦無然。人之為言，胡得焉？

Gathering turnips, gathering turnips, east of Mount Shouyang. The words that others make up, for now do not follow them. Drop them, drop them, for now do not think them true. The words that others make up, what can one gain from them?

有車鄰鄰，有馬白顛。未見君子，寺人之令。

Carriages rumble along, and horses with white foreheads. I have not yet seen my lord, and must wait for the eunuch to relay the order.

阪有漆，隰有栗。既見君子，並坐鼓瑟。今者不樂，逝者其耋。

On the slope there are lacquer trees, in the lowland there are chestnuts. Having seen my lord, we sit side by side and play the zither. If we are not merry now, those of the past will soon grow old.

阪有桑，隰有楊。既見君子，並坐鼓簧。今者不樂，逝者其亡。

On the slope there are mulberry trees, in the lowland there are poplars. Having seen my lord, we sit side by side and blow the reed pipes. If we are not merry now, those of the past will soon be gone.

駟驖孔阜，六轡在手。公之媚子，從公於狩。

The four black horses are tall and stout, and six reins are held in the hand. The one the duke favors follows the duke to hunt.

奉時辰牡，辰牡孔碩。公曰左之，舍拔則獲。

They present the seasonal male beasts, and the seasonal male beasts are fat and large. When the duke says go left, an arrow is loosed and the game is taken.

遊於北園，四馬既閒。輶車鸞鑣，載獫歇驕。

Roaming in the northern garden, the four horses are already well trained. The light carriage’s bells ring at the bits, carrying long-snouted and short-snouted dogs.

小戎俴收，五楘梁輈。遊環脅驅，陰靷鋈續。文茵暢轂，駕我騏馵。

The small war chariot has a shallow box, with five bundles of leather straps wound around the shaft. The sliding ring and flank-guard, and the trace bound with white bronze. A tiger-skin mat, long hubs, and drawn by my black-and-blue horse and white-hoofed horse.

言念君子，溫其如玉。在其板屋，亂我心曲。

I think of my lord, gentle as jade. He is in that wooden house, and troubles the depths of my heart.

四牡孔阜，六轡在手。騏騮是中，騧驪是驂。龍盾之合，鋈以觼軜。

The four stallions are tall and stout, and six reins are held in the hand. The black-and-blue horse and the red horse are in the middle, the yellow horse and the black horse on the sides. The dragon shields are joined together, and a white bronze ring fastens the inner rein.

言念君子，溫其在邑。方何為期？胡然我念之！

I think of my lord, gently in the town. When will be the time of return? Why do I think of him like this!

俴駟孔群，厹矛鋈錞。蒙伐有苑，虎韔鏤膺。交韔二弓，竹閉緄縢。

The armored four horses are well matched, and the three-edged spears have white bronze butts. The shields are patterned, the tiger-skin bow case is engraved with breast ornaments. Two bows are fitted crosswise, with bamboo frames bound with cord.

言念君子，載寢載興。厭厭良人，秩秩德音。

I think of my lord, I lie down and then get up again. A leisurely good man, whose virtuous voice is orderly and clear.

蒹葭蒼蒼，白露為霜。所謂伊人，在水一方。溯洄從之，道阻且長。溯游從之，宛在水中央。

The reeds are green and thick, and the white dew has turned to frost. The one I speak of is on the other side of the water. Going upstream along the winding course to seek him, the road is blocked and long. Going downstream along the straight current to seek him, he seems to be in the middle of the water.

蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。所謂伊人，在水之湄。溯洄從之，道阻且躋。溯游從之，宛在水中坻。

The reeds are lush and green, and the white dew has not yet dried. The one I speak of is at the water’s grassy edge. Going upstream along the winding course to seek him, the road is blocked and I must climb. Going downstream along the straight current to seek him, he seems to be on a little islet in the water.

蒹葭采采，白露未已。所謂伊人，在水之涘。溯洄從之，道阻且右。溯游從之，宛在水中沚。

The reeds are bright and vivid, and the white dew has not yet ended. The one I speak of is at the water’s bank. Going upstream along the winding course to seek him, the road is blocked and bends to the right. Going downstream along the straight current to seek him, he seems to be on a small sandbar in the water.

終南何有？有條有梅。君子至止，錦衣狐裘。顏如渥丹，其君也哉！

What is there on Zhongnan Mountain? There are mountain catalpas and plum trees. The gentleman has arrived here, in brocade robe and fox fur. His face is like painted cinnabar; truly he is a lord!

終南何有？有紀有堂。君子至止，黻衣繡裳。佩玉將將，壽考不忘！

What is there on Zhongnan Mountain? There are medlars and crab-apples. The gentleman has arrived here, in embroidered robe and skirt. His jade pendants tinkle clearly; may his long life never be forgotten!

交交黃鳥，止於棘。誰從穆公？子車奄息。維此奄息，百夫之特。

The yellow birds call jiao-jiao, settling on the jujube tree. Who followed Duke Mu into the grave? Ziche Yanxi. This Yanxi was the finest among a hundred men.

臨其穴，惴惴其栗。彼蒼者天，殲我良人！如可贖兮，人百其身！

Facing that tomb pit, he trembles with dread. That blue-gray Heaven is destroying our good man! If he could be ransomed, people would give a hundred bodies for his.

交交黃鳥，止於桑。誰從穆公？子車仲行。維此仲行，百夫之防。

The yellow birds call jiao-jiao, settling on the mulberry tree. Who followed Duke Mu into the grave? Ziche Zhonghang. This Zhonghang was a bulwark for a hundred men.

臨其穴，惴惴其栗。彼蒼者天，殲我良人！如可贖兮，人百其身！

Facing that tomb pit, he trembles with dread. That blue-gray Heaven is destroying our good man! If he could be ransomed, people would give a hundred bodies for his.

交交黃鳥，止於楚。誰從穆公？子車針虎。維此針虎，百夫之御。

The yellow birds call jiao-jiao, settling on the thorn bushes. Who followed Duke Mu into the grave? Ziche Zhenhu. This Zhenhu was a defense for a hundred men.

臨其穴，惴惴其栗。彼蒼者天，殲我良人！如可贖兮，人百其身！

Facing that tomb pit, he trembles with dread. That blue-gray Heaven is destroying our good man! If he could be ransomed, people would give a hundred bodies for his.

鴥彼晨風，鬱彼北林。未見君子，憂心欽欽。如何如何，忘我實多！

The morning-wind bird flies swiftly, and the northern forest is thick and dark. I have not seen my lord, and my heart is sorrowful and uneasy. What shall I do, what shall I do; he has forgotten me so much!

山有苞櫟，隰有六駮。未見君子，憂心靡樂。如何如何，忘我實多！

On the mountain there are clustered oaks, in the lowland there are piebald trees. I have not seen my lord, and my heart has no joy. What shall I do, what shall I do; he has forgotten me so much!

山有苞棣，隰有樹檖。未見君子，憂心如醉。如何如何，忘我實多！

On the mountain there are clustered cherry trees, in the lowland there are wild pears. I have not seen my lord, and my heart is as if drunk. What shall I do, what shall I do; he has forgotten me so much!

豈曰無衣？與子同袍。王於興師，修我戈矛。與子同仇！

Do you say I have no clothes? I will share a war robe with you. When the king raises the army, I will mend my lance and spear. I will share the same enmity with you!

豈曰無衣？與子同澤。王於興師，修我矛戟。與子偕作！

Do you say I have no clothes? I will share an undergarment with you. When the king raises the army, I will mend my spear and halberd. I will take the field together with you!

豈曰無衣？與子同裳。王於興師，修我甲兵。與子偕行！

Do you say I have no clothes? I will share a lower garment with you. When the king raises the army, I will mend my armor and weapons. I will march together with you!

我送舅氏，曰至渭陽。何以贈之？路車乘黃。

I see off my maternal uncle, going as far as the north bank of the Wei. What shall I give him? A great carriage and four yellow horses.

我送舅氏，悠悠我思。何以贈之？瓊瑰玉佩。

I see off my maternal uncle, my longing long and deep. What shall I give him? Jade pendants of fine gem.

於我乎，夏屋渠渠，今也每食無餘。于嗟乎，不承權輿！

As for me, in the past the great house was deep and spacious, and now at each meal there is nothing left over. Alas, I cannot continue what was begun!

於我乎，每食四簋，今也每食不飽。于嗟乎，不承權輿！

As for me, in the past there were four bowls at each meal, and now at each meal I am not filled. Alas, I cannot continue what was begun!

子之湯兮，宛丘之上兮。洵有情兮，而無望兮。

How you wander about, up on Wanqiu. Truly there is feeling, but there is no hope.

坎其擊鼓，宛丘之下。無冬無夏，值其鷺羽。

Thump, thump goes the drum, at the foot of Wanqiu. Winter or summer, they hold up egret feathers.

坎其擊缶，宛丘之道。無冬無夏，值其鷺翿。

Thump, thump goes the earthen jar drum, on the road of Wanqiu. Winter or summer, they hold up egret-feather fans.

東門之枌，宛丘之栩。子仲之子，婆娑其下。

The white elms of the east gate, the oaks of Wanqiu. The daughter of Zizhong dances beneath the trees.

穀旦於差，南方之原。不績其麻，市也婆娑。

A good day has been chosen, in the southern fields. She does not spin her hemp, but dances in the marketplace.

穀旦於逝，越以鬷邁。視爾如荍，貽我握椒。

The good day has come, and all go together. I see you as a mallow flower, and you give me a handful of pepper.

衡門之下，可以棲遲。泌之洋洋，可以樂飢。

Beneath a gate made of a crossbeam, one can rest. The Bi River flows broad, and can make one forget hunger.

豈其食魚，必河之魴？豈其取妻，必齊之姜？

If one eats fish, must it be the bream of the Yellow River? If one takes a wife, must it be a Jiang of Qi?

豈其食魚，必河之鯉？豈其取妻，必宋之子？

If one eats fish, must it be the carp of the Yellow River? If one takes a wife, must it be a Zi of Song?

東門之池，可以漚麻。彼美淑姬，可與晤歌。

The pool by the east gate can be used to soak hemp. That beautiful and good Ji girl, one can sing back and forth with her.

東門之池，可以漚紵。彼美淑姬，可與晤語。

The pool by the east gate can be used to soak ramie. That beautiful and good Ji girl, one can talk back and forth with her.

東門之池，可以漚菅。彼美淑姬，可與晤言。

The pool by the east gate can be used to soak rush. That beautiful and good Ji girl, one can converse with her.

東門之楊，其葉牂牂。昏以為期，明星煌煌。

The poplars by the east gate, their leaves thick and lush. The appointed time was dusk, and the morning star shines brightly.

東門之楊，其葉肺肺。昏以為期，明星晢晢。

The poplars by the east gate, their leaves dense and full. The appointed time was dusk, and the morning star shines clear.

墓門有棘，斧以斯之。夫也不良，國人知之。知而不已，誰昔然矣。

By the tomb gate there are jujube trees, split open with an axe. That man is not good, and the people of the state know it. They know it and still do not stop, and it has been so from before.

墓門有梅，有鴞萃止。夫也不良，歌以訊之。訊予不顧，顛倒思予。

By the tomb gate there are plum trees, and an owl rests on them. That man is not good, and I use a song to question him. He is questioned and does not heed me, and only after he has fallen over does he think of me.

防有鵲巢，邛有旨苕。誰侜予美？心焉忉忉。

On the embankment there is a magpie’s nest, on the hill there is lovely vetch. Who is deceiving my beloved? My heart is troubled and anxious.

中唐有甓，邛有旨鷊。誰侜予美？心焉惕惕。

On the path in the courtyard there are bricks, on the hill there is lovely grass. Who is deceiving my beloved? My heart is fearful and uneasy.

月出皎兮。佼人僚兮。舒窈糾兮。勞心悄兮。

The moon has risen, bright and white. The beautiful one is lovely. Her slow steps are graceful. My laboring heart is quietly sorrowful.

月出皓兮。佼人懰兮。舒憂受兮。勞心慅兮。

The moon has risen, shining pale. The beautiful one is lovely. Her slow steps are composed. My laboring heart is stirred and restless.

月出照兮。佼人燎兮。舒夭紹兮。勞心慘兮。

The moon has risen, shining brightly. The beautiful one is radiant. Her slow steps are slender and graceful. My laboring heart is bitterly pained.

胡為乎株林？從夏南！匪適株林，從夏南！

Why is he at Zhulin? He is following Xia Nan! He is not going to Zhulin; he is following Xia Nan!

駕我乘馬，說於株野。乘我乘駒，朝食於株！

He drives my four horses and halts in the fields of Zhu. He rides my colts, and in the morning eats a meal in the town of Zhu!

彼澤之陂，有蒲與荷。有美一人，傷如之何？寤寐無為，涕泗滂沱。

On the bank of that marsh there are rushes and lotus. There is a beautiful one; how heartbroken I am, what shall I do? Waking or sleeping I have no heart for anything, and tears and snot pour down.

彼澤之陂，有蒲與蕳。有美一人，碩大且卷。寤寐無為，中心悁悁。

On the bank of that marsh there are rushes and orchids. There is a beautiful one, tall and with lovely hair. Waking or sleeping I have no heart for anything, and my heart is sorrowful and worn.

彼澤之陂，有蒲菡萏。有美一人，碩大且儼。寤寐無為，輾轉伏枕。

On the bank of that marsh there are rushes and lotus blossoms. There is a beautiful one, tall and dignified. Waking or sleeping I have no heart for anything, and I toss and lie face down on my pillow.

羔裘逍遙，狐裘以朝。豈不爾思？勞心忉忉。

In a lambskin coat you stroll about, in a fox fur you go to court. How could I not think of you? My laboring heart is troubled and anxious.

羔裘翱翔，狐裘在堂。豈不爾思？我心憂傷。

In a lambskin coat you roam, in a fox fur you are in the hall. How could I not think of you? My heart is sad and sore.

羔裘如膏，日出有曜。豈不爾思？中心是悼。

The lambskin coat is like glossy fat, and when the sun comes out it gleams. How could I not think of you? My heart is grieved because of it.

庶見素冠兮，棘人欒欒兮。勞心慱慱兮。

I hope to see the white cap, the man wasted thin. My laboring heart aches with pain.

庶見素衣兮，我心傷悲兮。聊與子同歸兮。

I hope to see the white robe, and my heart is sad. For now I will go back together with you.

庶見素韠兮，我心蘊結兮。聊與子如一兮。

I hope to see the white knee-cover, and my heart is knotted with grief. For now I will be as one person with you.

隰有萇楚，猗儺其枝，夭之沃沃，樂子之無知。

In the lowland there are carambola vines, their branches soft and graceful, young and glossy, and I envy that you have no feeling.

隰有萇楚，猗儺其華，夭之沃沃。樂子之無家。

In the lowland there are carambola vines, their flowers soft and graceful, young and glossy. I envy that you have no household.

隰有萇楚，猗儺其實，夭之沃沃。樂子之無室。

In the lowland there are carambola vines, their fruit soft and graceful, young and glossy. I envy that you have no household burdens.

匪風發兮，匪車偈兮。顧瞻周道，中心怛兮。

That wind blows fiercely, that carriage speeds hurriedly. Looking back at the road to Zhou, my heart aches with pain.

匪風飄兮，匪車嘌兮。顧瞻周道，中心吊兮。

That wind blows in gusts, that carriage speeds swiftly. Looking back at the road to Zhou, my heart is grieved.

誰能亨魚？溉之釜鬵。誰將西歸？懷之好音。

Who can cook fish? First wash that great cauldron. Who is about to return west? I will send him good news.

蜉蝣之羽，衣裳楚楚。心之憂矣，於我歸處。

The mayfly’s wings, its garments are clear and bright. The sorrow in my heart, it comes to me to return to rest.

蜉蝣之翼，采采衣服。心之憂矣，於我歸息。

The mayfly’s wings, its garments are brilliant and splendid. The sorrow in my heart, it comes to me to rest.

蜉蝣掘閱，麻衣如雪。心之憂矣，於我歸說。

The mayfly comes out of the ground, in hemp robes white as snow. The sorrow in my heart, it comes to me to lodge.

彼候人兮，何戈與祋。彼其之子，三百赤芾。

That attendant at the road, shouldering a lance and a halberd. Those people have three hundred red knee-covers.

維鵜在梁，不濡其翼。彼其之子，不稱其服。

The pelican is on the fish weir, but its wings are not wet. Those people are not worthy of their clothes.

維鵜在梁，不濡其咮。彼其之子，不遂其媾。

The pelican is on the fish weir, but its beak is not wet. Those people cannot fulfill their marriages.

薈兮蔚兮，南山朝隮。婉兮孌兮，季女斯飢。

The clouds gather thick, and in the morning a rainbow rises from the Southern Mountain. How lovely, how lovely, the youngest girl is so hungry.

鳲鳩在桑，其子七兮。淑人君子，其儀一兮。其儀一兮，心如結兮。

The cuckoo is in the mulberry tree, and her young number seven. The good man, the gentleman, his bearing is single-minded. His bearing is single-minded, his heart as if tied in a knot.

鳲鳩在桑，其子在梅。淑人君子，其帶伊絲。其帶伊絲，其弁伊騏。

The cuckoo is in the mulberry tree, and her young are in the plum tree. The good man, the gentleman, his belt is of silk. His belt is of silk, and his leather cap is dark blue.

鳲鳩在桑，其子在棘。淑人君子，其儀不忒。其儀不忒，正是四國。

The cuckoo is in the mulberry tree, and her young are in the jujube tree. The good man, the gentleman, his bearing is without fault. His bearing is without fault, and he sets right the states of the four quarters.

鳲鳩在桑，其子在榛。淑人君子，正是國人，正是國人。胡不萬年？

The cuckoo is in the mulberry tree, and her young are in the hazel tree. The good man, the gentleman, sets right the people of the state, sets right the people of the state. Why should he not live ten thousand years?

冽彼下泉，浸彼苞稂。愾我寤嘆，念彼周京。

The cold spring below soaks that clump of wolf-tail grass. Awake I sigh, thinking of that capital of Zhou.

冽彼下泉，浸彼苞蕭。愾我寤嘆，念彼京周。

The cold spring below soaks that clump of mugwort. Awake I sigh, thinking of that capital Zhou.

冽彼下泉，浸彼苞蓍。愾我寤嘆，念彼京師。

The cold spring below soaks that clump of yarrow. Awake I sigh, thinking of that royal capital.

芃芃黍苗，陰雨膏之。四國有王，郇伯勞之。

The millet seedlings are lush and thick, moistened by the cloudy rain. The states of the four quarters have a king, and the Earl of Xun comforts them.

七月流火，九月授衣。一之日觱發，二之日栗烈。無衣無褐，何以卒歲？

In the seventh month the Fire star goes west, in the ninth month the cold clothes are handed out. In the eleventh month the wind is biting cold, in the twelfth month it is fiercely chill. Without clothes, without coarse cloth, how shall we get through the year?

三之日於耜，四之日舉趾。同我婦子，饁彼南畝。田畯至喜。

In the first month we mend the plows, in the second month we lift our feet to the fields. With my wife and children, we bring food to the southern acres. The field overseer comes and is pleased.

七月流火，九月授衣。春日載陽，有鳴倉庚。女執懿筐，遵彼微行，爰求柔桑。

In the seventh month the Fire star goes west, in the ninth month the cold clothes are handed out. The spring days begin to warm, and the oriole is singing. The girls take deep baskets and follow that small path, to seek tender mulberry leaves.

春日遲遲，采蘩祁祁。女心傷悲，殆及公子同歸。

The spring days are slow and long, and those who gather white mugwort are many. The girl’s heart is sad, fearing she will have to go back together with the young lord.

七月流火，八月萑葦。蠶月條桑，取彼斧斨。以伐遠揚，猗彼女桑。

In the seventh month the Fire star goes west, in the eighth month they harvest reeds. In the silkworm month they prune the mulberry trees, taking up those axes and adzes. They cut off the long, raised branches and pull down the tender mulberry.

七月鳴鵙，八月載績。載玄載黃，我朱孔陽，為公子裳。

In the seventh month the shrike cries, in the eighth month they begin to spin hemp. They dye some black and some yellow, my red is very bright, to make clothes for the young lord.

四月秀葽，五月鳴蜩。八月其獲，十月隕蘀。一之日於貉，取彼狐狸，為公子裘。

In the fourth month the milkwort bears seed, in the fifth month the cicadas sing. In the eighth month is harvest, in the tenth month leaves fall. In the eleventh month they go hunting badgers, taking those foxes, to make furs for the young lord.

二之日其同，載纘武功。言私其豵，獻豜於公。

In the twelfth month they gather together to continue martial exercises. The small pigs are kept for themselves, the big pigs are offered to the lord.

五月斯螽動股，六月莎雞振羽。七月在野，八月在宇，九月在戶，十月蟋蟀，入我床下。

In the fifth month the grasshopper moves its legs, in the sixth month the locust beats its wings. In the seventh month it is in the fields, in the eighth month under the eaves, in the ninth month at the door, and in the tenth month the cricket comes in under my bed.

穹窒燻鼠，塞向墐戶。嗟我婦子，曰為改歲，入此室處。

They plug the cracks to smoke out the rats, block the north window and plaster the door. Alas, my wife and children, we say the year is about to turn, and come into this house to live.

六月食鬱及薁，七月亨葵及菽。八月剝棗，十月獲稻。為此春酒，以介眉壽。

In the sixth month they eat wild plums and wild grapes, in the seventh month they boil mallow and beans. In the eighth month they knock down jujubes, in the tenth month they harvest rice. They make this spring wine to help long life.

七月食瓜，八月斷壺，九月叔苴，採荼薪樗。食我農夫。

In the seventh month they eat melons, in the eighth month they pick gourds, in the ninth month they gather hemp seed, pick bitter greens, and chop ailanthus for firewood. They feed us farmers.

九月築場圃，十月納禾稼。黍稷重穋，禾麻菽麥。嗟我農夫，我稼既同，上入執宮功。

In the ninth month they prepare the threshing ground, in the tenth month they bring in the grain. Millet and sorghum, early and late rice, grain, hemp, beans, and wheat. Alas, we farmers, the crops are all gathered, and still we must go in to do the work of the palace.

晝爾於茅，宵爾索綯，亟其乘屋，其始播百穀。

By day we go to cut thatch, at night we twist ropes, and we hurry up onto the roof to mend the house, for soon we begin sowing the hundred grains.

二之日鑿冰沖沖，三之日納於凌陰。四之日其蚤，獻羔祭韭。九月肅霜，十月滌場。

In the twelfth month they chop ice with a thudding sound, in the first month they store it in the ice house. In the second month, at the early court, they offer lambs and sacrifice chives. In the ninth month the frost is sharp, in the tenth month they sweep the threshing ground.

朋酒斯饗，曰殺羔羊，躋彼公堂。稱彼兕觥：萬壽無疆！

With two jugs of wine they hold the feast, saying they will slay a lamb, and climb up to that hall of the lord. They raise that rhinoceros-horn cup: ten thousand years of life without end!

鴟鴞鴟鴞，既取我子，無毀我室。恩斯勤斯，鬻子之閔斯。

Owl, owl, you have already taken my children, do not destroy my nest. In such love, in such toil, the pity of raising the young.

迨天之未陰雨，徹彼桑土，綢繆牖戶。今女下民，或敢侮予？

Before the sky turns cloudy and rainy, I strip the bark from the mulberry roots, and bind the window and door. Now you people below, who still dares to insult me?

予手拮据，予所捋荼。予所蓄租，予口卒瘏，曰予未有室家。

My hands are chapped and worn, from what I have plucked, the reed flowers. The dry grass I have stored up, my mouth has finally fallen sick, and they say I still have no home.

予羽譙譙，予尾翛翛，予室翹翹。風雨所漂搖，予維音嘵嘵！

My feathers are thin and sparse, my tail is dry and ragged, my nest is perched high and perilous. In wind and rain it sways, and I can only cry out in alarm!

我徂東山，慆慆不歸。我來自東，零雨其蒙。我東曰歸，我心西悲。

I went to the Eastern Mountain, and was long away and could not return. When I came back from the east, a fine rain was falling. In the east I said I would return, and my heart was sad to the west.

制彼裳衣，勿士行枚。蜎蜎者蠋，烝在桑野。敦彼獨宿，亦在車下。

I stitch those clothes, and no longer hold the bit in my mouth to march. The crawling wild silkworms have long been in the mulberry fields. That lonely one curled up to sleep is also beneath the carriage.

我徂東山，慆慆不歸。我來自東，零雨其蒙。果臝之實，亦施於宇。

I went to the Eastern Mountain, and was long away and could not return. When I came back from the east, a fine rain was falling. The fruit of the snake gourd also creeps to the eaves.

伊威在室，蠨蛸在戶。町畽鹿場，熠耀宵行。不可畏也，伊可懷也。

Pill bugs are in the house, and spiders are at the door. The farmstead has become a deer ground, and fireflies fly in the night. It is not frightening, only something to be remembered.

我徂東山，慆慆不歸。我來自東，零雨其蒙。鸛鳴於垤，婦嘆於室。

I went to the Eastern Mountain, and was long away and could not return. When I came back from the east, a fine rain was falling. The crane calls on the mound, and the wife sighs in the house.

灑掃穹窒，我徵聿至。有敦瓜苦，烝在栗薪。自我不見，於今三年。

She sweeps and plugs the cracks, for her man who went on campaign is about to arrive. The round bitter gourds have long lain on the stack of chestnut firewood. Since I have not seen them, it has been three years until now.

我徂東山，慆慆不歸。我來自東，零雨其蒙。倉庚于飛，熠耀其羽。

I went to the Eastern Mountain, and was long away and could not return. When I came back from the east, a fine rain was falling. The oriole is flying, its wings flashing in the light.

之子于歸，皇駁其馬。親結其縭，九十其儀。其新孔嘉，其舊如之何？

This girl is being married, and her horses are yellow and piebald. Her mother ties on her kerchief, and there are ninety kinds of ritual. The new marriage is very good; what does the old one matter?

既破我斧，又缺我斨。周公東征，四國是皇。哀我人斯，亦孔之將。

My axe has been broken and my adze has been chipped. The Duke of Zhou campaigned in the east, and the states of the four quarters were set right. Pity us, we too were strong and great.

既破我斧，又缺我錡。周公東征，四國是遒。哀我人斯，亦孔之嘉。

My axe has been broken and my three-legged cooking pot has been chipped. The Duke of Zhou campaigned in the east, and the states of the four quarters were gathered. Pity us, we too were good.

既破我斧，又缺我銶。周公東征，四國是遒。哀我人斯，亦孔之休。

My axe has been broken and my square-socketed axe has been chipped. The Duke of Zhou campaigned in the east, and the states of the four quarters were gathered. Pity us, we too were fine and virtuous.

伐柯如何？匪斧不克。取妻如何？匪媒不得。

How does one cut an axe handle? It cannot be done without an axe. How does one take a wife? It cannot be done without a matchmaker.

伐柯伐柯，其則不遠。我覯之子，籩豆有踐。

Cutting an axe handle, cutting an axe handle, the pattern is not far. I have met this person, and the bamboo and wooden vessels are set out in order.

九罭之魚，鱒魴。我覯之子，袞衣繡裳。

The fish in the fine net are trout and bream. I have met this person, wearing the ceremonial robe and embroidered skirt.

鴻飛遵渚，公歸無所，於女信處。鴻飛遵六，公歸不復，於女信宿。

The wild geese fly along the islet, and the duke has no place to stay when he goes back; stay two nights with you. The wild geese fly along the land (the received text has “six” where “land” is meant), and the duke will not come again after he goes back; stay two nights with you.

是以有袞衣兮，無以我公歸兮，無使我心悲兮。

For this reason there is the ceremonial robe, so do not let my duke go back, and do not make my heart sad.

狼跋其胡，載疐其尾。公孫碩膚，赤舄几几。

The wolf treads on the dewlap under its chin and stumbles on its tail. The duke’s grandson is full-bodied and handsome, and his red shoes are at ease and steady.

狼疐其尾，載跋其胡。公孫碩膚，德音不瑕？

The wolf stumbles on its tail and treads on the dewlap under its chin. The duke’s grandson is full-bodied and handsome, and his virtuous voice has no flaw?

呦呦鹿鳴，食野之苹。我有嘉賓，鼓瑟吹笙。吹笙鼓簧，承筐是將。人之好我，示我周行。

The deer call you-you, eating the wormwood and duckweed of the field. I have honored guests, and the zither and reed pipes are played. Playing the pipes and striking the reeds, they carry baskets with gifts. People are fond of me, and show me the great Way.

呦呦鹿鳴，食野之蒿。我有嘉賓，德音孔昭。視民不恌，君子是則是效。我有旨酒，嘉賓式燕以敖。

The deer call you-you, eating the artemisia of the field. I have honored guests, and their virtuous voices are very clear. They treat the people without contempt, and the gentleman takes this as a model and imitates it. I have fine wine, and the honored guests feast and roam at ease.

呦呦鹿鳴，食野之芩。我有嘉賓，鼓瑟鼓琴。鼓瑟鼓琴，和樂且湛。我有旨酒，以燕樂嘉賓之心。

The deer call you-you, eating the reeds of the field. I have honored guests, and the zither and the lute are played. Playing the zither and the lute, harmonious, joyful, and deep. I have fine wine, to feast and delight the hearts of the honored guests.

四牡騑騑，周道倭遲。豈不懷歸？王事靡盬，我心傷悲。

The four stallions go without stopping, and the great road winds slowly. Do I not wish to go home? The king’s service has no end, and my heart is sad and grieved.

四牡騑騑，嘽嘽駱馬。豈不懷歸？王事靡盬，不遑啟處。

The four stallions go without stopping, and the white horses pant heavily. Do I not wish to go home? The king’s service has no end, and I have no leisure to rest.

翩翩者鵻，載飛載下，集於苞栩。王事靡盬，不遑將父。

The fluttering pigeon flies and then alights, settling on the clustered oak trees. The king’s service has no end, and I have no leisure to care for my father.

翩翩者鵻，載飛載止，集於苞杞。王事靡盬，不遑將母。

The fluttering pigeon flies and then stops, settling on the clustered medlar trees. The king’s service has no end, and I have no leisure to care for my mother.

駕彼四駱，載驟駸駸。豈不懷歸？是用作歌，將母來諗。

I drive those four white horses, galloping swiftly along. Do I not wish to go home? So I make this song, telling myself of caring for my mother.

皇皇者華，於彼原隰。駪駪征夫，每懷靡及。

The flowers are splendid and abundant, in those high plains and lowlands. The traveling soldiers come and go in great numbers, always with the worry of not being able to keep up.

我馬維駒，六轡如濡。載馳載驅，周爰諮諏。

My horse is a colt, and the six reins are soft as if moistened. I gallop and drive, visiting everywhere to ask and consult.

我馬維騏，六轡如絲。載馳載驅，周爰諮謀。

My horse is a black-and-blue horse, and the six reins are like silk. I gallop and drive, visiting everywhere to ask and discuss.

我馬維駱，六轡沃若。載馳載驅，周爰諮度。

My horse is a white horse, and the six reins are glossy. I gallop and drive, visiting everywhere to ask and measure.

我馬維駰，六轡既均。載馳載驅，周爰諮詢。

My horse is a pale black horse, and the six reins are already even. I gallop and drive, visiting everywhere to ask and inquire.

棠棣之華，鄂不韡韡。凡今之人，莫如兄弟。

The flowers of the cherry tree, their calyxes are brilliant and bright. Among all the people of today, none can compare with brothers.

死喪之威，兄弟孔懷。原隰裒矣，兄弟求矣。

When the threat of death and mourning comes, brothers care most. When those in the heights and lowlands gather, brothers come to seek one another.

脊令在原，兄弟急難。每有良朋，況也永嘆。

The wagtail is in the field, and brothers rescue one another in distress. Though one has good friends, they only sigh for long.

兄弟鬩於牆，外御其務。每有良朋，烝也無戎。

Brothers quarrel within the walls, but outside they defend against insult. Though one has good friends, for long they give no help.

喪亂既平，既安且寧。雖有兄弟，不如友生？

The mourning and disorder have been settled, and all is peaceful and calm. Though one has brothers, is it that they are no better than friends?

儐爾籩豆，飲酒之飫。兄弟既具，和樂且孺。

Set out your bamboo and wooden vessels, and drink wine until satisfied. The brothers have all arrived, harmonious, joyful, and close.

妻子好合，如鼓瑟琴。兄弟既翕，和樂且湛。

Wife and children are in harmony, like zither and lute played together. The brothers have all come into accord, harmonious, joyful, and deep.

宜爾室家，樂爾妻帑。是究是圖，亶其然乎？

May it be fitting for your household, and may your wife and children be glad. Having examined it so, having planned it so, is it truly so?

伐木丁丁，鳥鳴嚶嚶。出自幽谷，遷於喬木。嚶其鳴矣，求其友聲。

Trees are felled with a ding-ding sound, and birds call ying-ying. They come out of the deep valley and move to a high tree. Calling ying-ying, they seek the voice of their friends.

相彼鳥矣，猶求友聲。矧伊人矣，不求友生？神之聽之，終和且平。

Look at those birds, still seeking the voice of friends. How much more so people, will they not seek friends? When the spirits hear, in the end it is harmonious and peaceful.

伐木許許，釃酒有藇！既有肥羜，以速諸父。寧適不來，微我弗顧。

Trees are felled with a xu-xu sound, and the strained wine is clear and fine! There are already fat lambs, to invite my paternal uncles. If by chance they do not come, it is not that I have not looked after them.

於粲灑掃，陳饋八簋。既有肥牡，以速諸舅。寧適不來，微我有咎。

The courtyard is swept brilliantly clean, and eight bowls of food are set out. There are already fat rams, to invite my maternal uncles. If by chance they do not come, it is not that I am at fault.

伐木於阪，釃酒有衍。籩豆有踐，兄弟無遠。民之失德，乾餱以愆。

Trees are felled on the slope, and strained wine overflows. The bamboo and wooden vessels are set in order, and brothers should not be distant. People lose their kindness, often failing in courtesy over such small matters as dried provisions.

有酒湑我，無酒酤我。坎坎鼓我，蹲蹲舞我。迨我暇矣，飲此湑矣。

If there is wine, strain it clear for me; if there is none, buy it for me. Thump, thump they beat the drum for me, hop, hop they dance for me. When I have some leisure, we will drink this strained wine.

天保定爾，亦孔之固。俾爾單厚，何福不除？俾爾多益，以莫不庶。

Heaven keeps you secure, and very firmly. It makes you most generous; what blessing does it not give? It lets you receive much benefit, so that nothing is not abundant.

天保定爾，俾爾戩穀。罄無不宜，受天百祿。降爾遐福，維日不足。

Heaven keeps you secure, and lets you gain blessing and emolument. There is nothing unsuitable, and you receive Heaven’s hundred emoluments. It sends down long-lasting blessings to you, so that you feel the days are not enough.

天保定爾，以莫不興。如山如阜，如岡如陵，如川之方至，以莫不增。

Heaven keeps you secure, so that nothing is not flourishing. Like a mountain, like a mound, like a ridge, like a hill, like a river that is rising, so that nothing does not increase.

吉蠲為饎，是用孝享。禴祠烝嘗，於公先王。君曰：卜爾，萬壽無疆。

Auspiciously and cleanly they prepare the wine and food, to offer in filial respect. The summer Yue, the spring Ci, the winter Zheng, the autumn Chang, are offered to the former dukes and former kings. The spirit-lord says: I give to you ten thousand years of life without end.

神之吊矣，詒爾多福。民之質矣，日用飲食。群黎百姓，遍為爾德。

The spirits have come and leave you with many blessings. The people are simple and sincere, in daily food and drink. The many black-haired people, the hundred clans, are all transformed by your virtue.

如月之恆，如日之升。如南山之壽，不騫不崩。如松柏之茂，無不爾或承。

Like the constancy of the moon, like the rising of the sun. Like the long life of the Southern Mountain, never failing, never crumbling. Like the flourishing of pine and cypress, there is none that you do not inherit.

采薇采薇，薇亦作止。曰歸曰歸，歲亦莫止。靡室靡家，玁狁之故。不遑啟居，玁狁之故。

Gathering the bracken, gathering the bracken; the bracken has begun to sprout. We say we will go home, go home; the year is drawing to its end. We have no house or home, because of the Xianyun. We have no leisure to rest, because of the Xianyun.

采薇采薇，薇亦柔止。曰歸曰歸，心亦憂止。憂心烈烈，載飢載渴。我戍未定，靡使歸聘。

Gathering the bracken, gathering the bracken; the bracken is tender now. We say we will go home, go home; our hearts are sad. Our hearts burn with sorrow, hungry and thirsty. Our garrison is not yet settled, and there is no messenger to send home greetings.

采薇采薇，薇亦剛止。曰歸曰歸，歲亦陽止。王事靡盬，不遑啟處。憂心孔疚，我行不來！

Gathering the bracken, gathering the bracken; the bracken is hard and old now. We say we will go home, go home; the year has reached the tenth month. The king's business has no end, and we have no leisure to rest. Our hearts are bitterly pained; we go out and shall not return!

彼爾維何？維常之華。彼路斯何？君子之車。戎車既駕，四牡業業。豈敢定居？一月三捷。

What is it that blooms so richly? The flowers of the cherry-apple. What is that great carriage? The carriage of the commander. The war chariot is harnessed, and the four stallions are tall and strong. How dare we settle down? In one month we fight three battles.

駕彼四牡，四牡騤騤。君子所依，小人所腓。四牡翼翼，象弭魚服。豈不日戒？玁狁孔棘！

Driving those four stallions, the four stallions are sturdy and strong. The commander rides on them, and the common soldiers are sheltered by them. The four stallions are neat and orderly, with ivory-tipped bows and fish-skin quivers. How could we not be on guard daily? The Xianyun are pressing hard!

昔我往矣，楊柳依依。今我來思，雨雪霏霏。行道遲遲，載渴載飢。我心傷悲，莫知我哀！

When I left long ago, the willows were swaying. Now that I come back, the rain and snow fall thick. I walk slowly, slowly, thirsty and hungry. My heart is sorrowful, and no one knows my grief!

我出我車，於彼牧矣。自天子所，謂我來矣。召彼僕伕，謂之載矣。王事多難，維其棘矣。

I push out my carriage and come to those pastures. From the Son of Heaven, I was sent for. I call those charioteers and tell them to load up. The king's business is full of hardship, and it is urgent indeed.

我出我車，於彼郊矣。設此旐矣，建彼旄矣。彼旟旐斯，胡不旆旆？憂心悄悄，僕伕況瘁。

I push out my carriage and come to those open fields. We raise the banner of the entwined dragons, and set up the yak-tail banner. Those falcon banners and dragon banners, why do they not flutter freely? My heart is quietly troubled, and the charioteers grow more worn.

王命南仲，往城於方。出車彭彭，旗旐央央。天子命我，城彼朔方。赫赫南仲，玁狁於襄。

The king commanded Nan Zhong to go and build a wall at Fang. The war chariots roll out in great numbers, and the banners shine bright and clear. The Son of Heaven commanded me to build a wall in that northern region. Glorious Nan Zhong, the Xianyun are driven away.

昔我往矣，黍稷方華。今我來思，雨雪載途。王事多難，不遑啟居。豈不懷歸？畏此簡書。

When I left long ago, the millet was in bloom. Now that I come back, the rain and snow fill the road. The king's business is full of hardship, and we have no leisure to settle. Do we not long to go home? We fear these bamboo-slip military orders.

喓喓草蟲，趯趯阜螽。未見君子，憂心忡忡。既見君子，我心則降。赫赫南仲，薄伐西戎。

The grass insects chirp, the grasshoppers leap. I did not see my lord, and my heart was troubled. Now that I have seen my lord, my heart is at rest. Glorious Nan Zhong has gone to attack the western Rong.

春日遲遲，卉木萋萋。倉庚喈喈，采蘩祁祁。執訊獲醜，薄言還歸。赫赫南仲，玁狁於夷。

The spring days are long and slow, and the grass and trees are lush. The orioles sing, and those who gather white mugwort are many. Having seized spies and taken prisoners, we only then return. Glorious Nan Zhong, the Xianyun are pacified.

有杕之杜，有睆其實。王事靡盬，繼嗣我日。日月陽止，女心傷止，征夫遑止。

There is a lone red cherry-apple tree, its fruit round and smooth. The king's business has no end, day after day. The months have reached the tenth, and the women's hearts are sore; the soldiers away should have leisure now.

有杕之杜，其葉萋萋。王事靡盬，我心傷悲。卉木萋止，女心悲止，征夫歸止！

There is a lone red cherry-apple tree, its leaves lush. The king's business has no end, and my heart is sorrowful. The grass and trees are lush, the women's hearts are sorrowful; the soldiers away should return!

陟彼北山，言採其杞。王事靡盬，憂我父母。檀車幝幝，四牡痯痯，征夫不遠！

I climb that northern mountain to gather wolfberries. The king's business has no end, and it makes my parents worry. The sandalwood carts are battered and worn, the four stallions are weary and sick; the soldier is not far!

匪載匪來，憂心孔疚。斯逝不至，而多為恤。卜筮偕止，會言近止，征夫邇止！

The cart has not come, the man has not come, and my heart is bitterly pained. The appointed day has passed and still he has not arrived, and my worry only grows. The tortoise shell and the yarrow stalks agree, and both say he is near; the soldier is near!

魚麗於罶，鱨鯊。君子有酒，旨且多。

The fish enter the trap, the yellow bagrid and the shark-like fish. The lord has wine, fine and plentiful.

魚麗於罶，魴鱧。君子有酒，多且旨。

The fish enter the trap, the bream and the snakehead. The lord has wine, plentiful and fine.

魚麗於罶，鰋鯉。君子有酒，旨且有。物其多矣，

The fish enter the trap, the catfish and the carp. The lord has wine, fine and abundant. Since the things are so abundant,

維其嘉矣！物其旨矣，維其偕矣！物其有矣，維其時矣！

it is because they are excellent! Since the things are so fine, it is because they are complete! Since the things are so plentiful, it is because they are timely!

南有嘉魚，烝然罩罩。君子有酒，嘉賓式燕以樂。

In the south there are fine fish, which are caught with baskets in great numbers. The lord has wine, and the honored guests feast and make merry.

南有嘉魚，烝然汕汕。君子有酒，嘉賓式燕以衎。

In the south there are fine fish, which are caught with nets in great numbers. The lord has wine, and the honored guests feast and rejoice.

南有樛木，甘瓠累之。君子有酒，嘉賓式燕綏之。

In the south there is a tree that bends downward, with sweet gourds twining around it. The lord has wine, and the honored guests feast and are put at ease.

翩翩者鵻，烝然來思。君子有酒，嘉賓式燕又思。

The fluttering doves have come in great numbers. The lord has wine, and the honored guests feast and come again.

南山有臺，北山有萊。樂只君子，邦家之基。樂只君子，萬壽無期。

On the Southern Mountain there is nutgrass, on the Northern Mountain there is goosefoot. The joyful gentleman is the foundation of the state and the family. The joyful gentleman, ten thousand years of life without limit.

南山有桑，北山有楊。樂只君子，邦家之光。樂只君子，萬壽無疆。

On the Southern Mountain there are mulberries, on the Northern Mountain there are poplars. The joyful gentleman is the glory of the state and the family. The joyful gentleman, ten thousand years of life without bound.

南山有杞，北山有李。樂只君子，民之父母。樂只君子，德音不已。

On the Southern Mountain there are wolfberries, on the Northern Mountain there are plums. The joyful gentleman is the father and mother of the people. The joyful gentleman, his virtuous fame will not cease.

南山有栲，北山有杻。樂只君子，遐不眉壽。樂只君子，德音是茂。

On the Southern Mountain there are kao trees, on the Northern Mountain there are niu trees. The joyful gentleman, how could he not live long? The joyful gentleman, his virtuous fame is so flourishing.

南山有枸，北山有楰。樂只君子，遐不黃耇。樂只君子，保艾爾後。

On the Southern Mountain there are hawthorns, on the Northern Mountain there are yu trees. The joyful gentleman, how could he not reach yellow-haired old age? The joyful gentleman, may he nurture his descendants.

蓼彼蕭斯，零露湑兮。既見君子，我心寫兮。燕笑語兮，是以有譽處兮。

The tall mugwort, the fallen dew lies heavy. Now that I have seen my lord, my heart is relieved. We feast and talk and laugh, and so there is good name and ease.

蓼彼蕭斯，零露瀼瀼。既見君子，為龍為光。其德不爽，壽考不忘。

The tall mugwort, the fallen dew lies glistening. Now that I have seen my lord, there is favor and glory. His virtue has no flaw, and his long life cannot be forgotten.

蓼彼蕭斯，零露泥泥。既見君子，孔燕豈弟。宜兄宜弟，令德壽豈。

The tall mugwort, the fallen dew lies thick. Now that I have seen my lord, he is at ease and joyful. Fit to be an elder brother and fit to be a younger brother, fine virtue, long life and joy.

蓼彼蕭斯，零露濃濃。既見君子，鞗革忡忡。和鸞雍雍，萬福攸同。

The tall mugwort, the fallen dew lies dense. Now that I have seen my lord, the pendants on the bridles sway. The bells ring in harmony, and ten thousand blessings gather together.

湛湛露斯，匪陽不晞。厭厭夜飲，不醉無歸。

The dew lies thick; if the sun does not come, it will not dry. In the leisurely night feast, we do not go home until drunk.

湛湛露斯，在彼豐草。厭厭夜飲，在宗載考。

The dew lies thick, on that lush grass. In the leisurely night feast, the rites are completed in the ancestral hall.

湛湛露斯，在彼杞棘。顯允君子，莫不令德。

The dew lies thick, on the wolfberry and thorn bushes. The glorious and trustworthy gentleman has no lack of fine virtue.

其桐其椅，其實離離。豈弟君子，莫不令儀。

That tong tree and that yi tree, their fruits hang in clusters. The gentle and joyful gentleman, there is none who lacks good bearing.

彤弓弨兮，受言藏之。我有嘉賓，中心貺之。鐘鼓既設，一朝饗之。

The red bow is unstrung; receive it and store it. I have honored guests, and my heart bestows gifts on them. The bells and drums are set out, and for a whole morning I feast them.

彤弓弨兮，受言載之。我有嘉賓，中心喜之。鐘鼓既設，一朝右之。

The red bow is unstrung; receive it and load it. I have honored guests, and my heart delights in them. The bells and drums are set out, and for a whole morning I urge them to eat.

彤弓弨兮，受言櫜之。我有嘉賓，中心好之。鐘鼓既設，一朝酬之。

The red bow is unstrung; receive it and put it in its case. I have honored guests, and my heart loves them. The bells and drums are set out, and for a whole morning I answer them with a return cup.

菁菁者莪，在彼中阿。既見君子，樂且有儀。

The artemisia grows lush, in that bend of the mountain. Now that I have seen my lord, he is joyful and has fine bearing.

菁菁者莪，在彼中沚。既見君子，我心則喜。

The artemisia grows lush, on that small island. Now that I have seen my lord, my heart is glad.

菁菁者莪，在彼中陵。既見君子，錫我百朋。

The artemisia grows lush, on that hill. Now that I have seen my lord, he gives me a hundred strings of cowries.

泛泛楊舟，載沉載浮。既見君子，我心則休。

The poplar boat drifts about, now sinking, now floating. Now that I have seen my lord, my heart is at rest.

六月棲棲，戎車既飭。四牡騤騤，載是常服。玁狁孔熾，我是用急。王於出征，以匡王國。

In the sixth month we are restless and anxious, and the war chariots are already readied. The four stallions are sturdy and strong, loaded with the army's clothing. The Xianyun are fierce, and so we are in haste. The king therefore goes on campaign, to set right the royal realm.

比物四驪，閒之維則。維此六月，既成我服。我服既成，於三十里。王於出征，以佐天子。

We choose four black horses equal in strength, trained to follow the rules. In this very sixth month, my military clothing is already made. Having made the clothing, we march thirty li. The king therefore goes on campaign, to assist the Son of Heaven.

四牡修廣，其大有顒。薄伐玁狁，以奏膚公。有嚴有翼，共武之服。共武之服，以定王國。

The four stallions are long and large, with great heads. We go to attack the Xianyun, to accomplish great deeds. Both stern and respectful, we share the burden of warfare. Sharing the burden of warfare, we pacify the royal realm.

玁狁匪茹，整居焦穫。侵鎬及方，至於涇陽。織文鳥章，白旆央央。元戎十乘，以先啟行。

The Xianyun are not weak, and they have regrouped and settled at Jiaohuo. They invaded Haojing and Fang, all the way to Jingyang. The banners woven with bird patterns, the white pennants shine bright and clear. Ten great war chariots go first to open the way.

戎車既安，如輊如軒。四牡既佶，既佶且閒。薄伐玁狁，至於大原。文武吉甫，萬邦為憲。

The war chariots are steady, low in front and high at the back like a light chariot. The four stallions are strong, both strong and well trained. We go to attack the Xianyun, reaching Taiyuan. Jifu, skilled in both letters and arms, is a model for the myriad states.

吉甫燕喜，既多受祉。來歸自鎬，我行永久。飲御諸友，炰鱉膾鯉。侯誰在矣？張仲孝友。

Jifu feasts with delight, having already received many blessings. Returning from Haojing, my journey has been long. He sets out wine to entertain his friends, with stewed turtle and sliced carp. Who is among the guests? Zhang Zhong, filial and brotherly.

薄言采芑，於彼新田，呈此菑畝。方叔涖止，其車三千。師幹之試，方叔率止。

We go gather the bitter greens, in that new field, in this newly plowed field. Fang Shu has arrived, with three thousand chariots. The troops practice defending, and Fang Shu leads them.

乘其四騏，四騏翼翼。路車有奭，簟茀魚服，鉤膺鞗革。

Driving four dark-gray horses, the four dark-gray horses are neat and orderly. The great carriage is brilliantly red, with bamboo-mat screens, fish-skin quivers, breast straps and bridle ornaments.

薄言采芑，於彼新田，於此中鄉。方叔涖止，其車三千。旗旐央央，方叔率止。

We go gather the bitter greens, in that new field, in this village. Fang Shu has arrived, with three thousand chariots. The banners shine bright and clear, and Fang Shu leads them.

約軧錯衡，八鸞瑲瑲。服其命服，朱芾斯皇，有瑲蔥珩。

The hubs are bound with leather and the crossbars are patterned, and the eight bells ring out. He wears his ceremonial robes, his red knee-covers so splendid, with the jingling green jade pendants.

鴥彼飛隼，其飛戾天，亦集爰止。方叔涖止，其車三千。師幹之試，方叔率止。

The swift falcon flies up to the sky, and also settles where it should. Fang Shu has arrived, with three thousand chariots. The troops practice defending, and Fang Shu leads them.

鉦人伐鼓，陳師鞠旅。顯允方叔，伐鼓淵淵，振旅闐闐。

The gong men beat the drums, arrange the army and warn the troops. Glorious and trustworthy Fang Shu, beating the drum with deep thunder, withdrawing the troops with a rumble.

蠢爾蠻荊，大邦為仇。方叔元老，克壯其猶。方叔率止，執訊獲醜。戎車嘽嘽，

The foolish Jing barbarians make enemies of a great state. Fang Shu is a senior elder, able to strengthen his plans. Leading the troops, Fang Shu seized spies and took prisoners. The war chariots are thronging and mighty,

嘽嘽焞焞，如霆如雷。顯允方叔，征伐玁狁，蠻荊來威。

thronging and mighty like a thunderclap, like thunder. Glorious and trustworthy Fang Shu attacked the Xianyun, and the Jing barbarians submitted in fear.

我車既攻，我馬既同。四牡龐龐，駕言徂東。

My chariot is already sturdy, my horses are already well matched. The four stallions are big and strong, and we drive eastward.

田車既好，田牡孔阜。東有甫草，駕言行狩。

The hunting chariots are already fine, and the hunting stallions are tall and large. In the east there is the grass of Fu field, and we drive off to hunt.

之子於苗，選徒囂囂。建旐設旄，搏獸於敖。

This man goes to the summer hunt, counting the crowd amid the din. The dragon banner is raised and the yak-tail banner set up, and beasts are fought at Ao.

駕彼四牡，四牡奕奕。赤芾金舄，會同有繹。

Driving those four stallions, the four stallions are at ease and graceful. With red knee-covers and golden shoes, the meetings and assemblies follow one after another.

決拾既佽，弓矢既調。射夫既同，助我舉柴。

The archer's thumb ring and arm guard are comfortable, the bows and arrows are in good order. The archers are in accord, and help me lift up the game and pile it high.

四黃既駕，兩驂不猗。不失其馳，舍矢如破。

The four yellow horses are harnessed, and the horses at the sides do not stray. Driving and galloping follow the rules, and the arrows fly as if breaking through.

蕭蕭馬鳴，悠悠旆旌。徒御不驚，大庖不盈。

The horses neigh, the banners flutter. The foot soldiers and charioteers are not startled, and the great kitchen is not overfilled.

之子於徵，有聞無聲。允矣君子，展也大成。

This man goes on campaign, with renown but no clamor. Truly trustworthy gentleman, truly a great accomplishment.

吉日維戊，既伯既禱。田車既好，四牡孔阜。升彼大阜，從其群醜。

The auspicious day is the wu day, we have already sacrificed to the horse ancestor and prayed. The hunting chariots are already fine, and the four stallions are tall and large. We climb that great mound and follow the herds of beasts.

吉日庚午，既差我馬。獸之所同，麀鹿麌麌。漆沮之從，天子之所。

The auspicious day is the gengwu day, and we have already chosen my horses. Where the beasts gather, the does and stags are numerous. Along the Qi and Ju rivers, there is where the Son of Heaven is.

瞻彼中原，其祁孔有。儦儦俟俟，或群或友。悉率左右，以燕天子。

Looking out over the plains, they are vast and full of game. Running in swarms, walking at ease, some in herds and some in pairs. We lead all those left and right, to feast and delight the Son of Heaven.

既張我弓，既挾我矢。發彼小豝，殪此大兕。以御賓客，且以酌醴。

I have already drawn my bow and nocked my arrow. I shoot the little wild boar and shoot down this great wild buffalo. We use them to offer to the guests, and also to pour the sweet wine.

鴻雁于飛，肅肅其羽。之子於徵，劬勞於野。爰及矜人，哀此鰥寡。

The wild geese fly, their wings whirring. These men go on campaign and toil in the wilds. Pity extends to those in distress, and compassion for these widowers and widows.

鴻雁于飛，集於中澤。之子於垣，百堵皆作。雖則劬勞，其究安宅？

The wild geese fly and settle in the marsh. These men go to build walls, and a hundred walls rise up. Though they toil, will they at last have settled homes?

鴻雁于飛，哀鳴嗷嗷。維此哲人，謂我劬勞。維彼愚人，謂我宣驕。

The wild geese fly and cry out mournfully. Only these wise people say that I toil. Those foolish people say that I am showing off arrogance.

夜如何其？夜未央，庭燎之光。君子至止，鸞聲將將。

How goes the night? The night is not yet at its end, and there is the light of torches in the courtyard. The lord is coming, and the bells jingle.

夜如何其？夜未艾，庭燎晣晣。君子至止，鸞聲噦噦。

How goes the night? The night is not yet over, and the courtyard torches shine bright. The lord is coming, and the bells chime.

夜如何其？夜鄉晨，庭燎有輝。君子至止，言觀其旗。

How goes the night? The night nears the morning, and the courtyard torches have a lingering glow. The lord is coming, and we see his banners.

沔彼流水，朝宗於海。鴥彼飛隼，載飛載止。嗟我兄弟，邦人諸友。莫肯念亂，誰無父母？

The brimming water flows to pay court to the sea. The swift falcon flies and settles again. Alas, my brothers, and friends of the states. If you will not think of the disorder, who does not have parents?

沔彼流水，其流湯湯。鴥彼飛隼，載飛載揚。念彼不跡，載起載行。心之憂矣，不可弭忘。

The brimming water flows in great surges. The swift falcon flies and rises again. I think of those who do not follow the right path, who rise and walk on. The sorrow in my heart cannot be stilled or forgotten.

鴥彼飛隼，率彼中陵。民之訛言，寧莫之懲？我友敬矣，讒言其興。

The swift falcon flies along the hills. The people's rumors, is there no one to rebuke them? My friends are on guard, yet slander arises.

鶴鳴於九皋，聲聞於野。魚潛在淵，或在於渚。樂彼之園，爰有樹檀，其下維蘀。他山之石，可以為錯。

The crane cries in the winding marsh, and its voice carries to the wilds. The fish lie hidden in the deep pool, or are on the small islet. I love that garden, where there is a sandalwood tree, and fallen leaves beneath it. The stones from other mountains can be used as whetstones.

鶴鳴於九皋，聲聞於天。魚在於渚，或潛在淵。樂彼之園，爰有樹檀，其下維谷。他山之石，可以攻玉。

The crane cries in the winding marsh, and its voice carries to heaven. The fish are on the islet, or lie hidden in the deep pool. I love that garden, where there is a sandalwood tree, and a paper mulberry beneath it. The stones from other mountains can be used to work jade.

祈父，予王之爪牙。胡轉予於恤，靡所止居？

Minister of War, I am the king's claws and teeth. Why did you turn me into this distress, with no place to stay?

祈父，予王之爪士。胡轉予於恤，靡所厎止？

Minister of War, I am the king's guard. Why did you turn me into this distress, with no place where it ends?

祈父，亶不聰。胡轉予於恤？有母之尸饔。

Minister of War, you are truly not wise. Why did you turn me into this distress? I have a mother, and I must cook for her myself.

皎皎白駒，食我場苗。縶之維之，以永今朝。所謂伊人，於焉逍遙？

The bright white colt eats the seedlings in my field. Tether him, bind him, to lengthen this morning. The one of whom I speak, where does he roam at ease?

皎皎白駒，食我場藿。縶之維之，以永今夕。所謂伊人，於焉嘉客？

The bright white colt eats the bean leaves in my field. Tether him, bind him, to lengthen this evening. The one of whom I speak, where is he an honored guest?

皎皎白駒，賁然來思。爾公爾侯，逸豫無期？慎爾優遊，勉爾遁思。

The bright white colt comes in splendid haste. You are a duke, you are a marquis; is your ease and joy without limit? Be careful in your leisure, and restrain your thoughts of escape.

皎皎白駒，在彼空谷。生芻一束，其人如玉。毋金玉爾音，而有遐心。

The bright white colt is in that empty valley. A bundle of fresh grass, and that man is like jade. Do not treat your letters as gold and jade, and so have a distant heart.

黃鳥黃鳥，無集於谷，無啄我粟。此邦之人，不我肯谷。言旋言歸，復我邦族。

Yellow bird, yellow bird, do not settle on the paper mulberry, do not peck my millet. The people of this state are unwilling to treat me well. I say I will return, return to my own clan.

黃鳥黃鳥，無集於桑，無啄我粱。此邦之人，不可與明。言旋言歸，復我諸兄。

Yellow bird, yellow bird, do not settle on the mulberry, do not peck my sorghum. The people of this state cannot be allied with. I say I will return, return to my elder brothers.

黃鳥黃鳥，無集於栩，無啄我黍。此邦之人，不可與處。言旋言歸，復我諸父。

Yellow bird, yellow bird, do not settle on the oak, do not peck my broomcorn millet. The people of this state cannot be lived with. I say I will return, return to my uncles.

我行其野，蔽芾其樗。婚姻之故，言就爾居。爾不我畜，復我邦家。

I walk in that wild place, where the stinking ailanthus grows lush. Because of the marriage tie, I came to live with you. You do not care for me, so I return to my own state and family.

我行其野，言採其蓫。婚姻之故，言就爾宿。爾不我畜，言歸斯復。

I walk in that wild place, gathering sheep's-foot greens. Because of the marriage tie, I came to lodge with you. You do not care for me, so I say I will go home and I go.

我行其野，言採其葍。不思舊姻，求爾新特。成不以富，亦祗以異。

I walk in that wild place, gathering the fu weed. You do not think of your old marriage, but seek your new match. It is not because she is rich, but only because you have changed your heart.

秩秩斯干，幽幽南山。如竹苞矣，如松茂矣。兄及弟矣，式相好矣，無相猶矣。

The stream runs in orderly flow, the Southern Mountain is dim and deep. Like bamboo growing in clumps, like pines flourishing. Brothers, be on good terms, do not plot against one another.

似續妣祖，築室百堵，西南其戶。爰居爰處，爰笑爰語。

Continuing the work of the late mother and ancestors, build a house of a hundred walls, with doors and windows facing southwest. Here we dwell, here we settle, here we laugh and talk.

約之閣閣，椓之橐橐。風雨攸除，鳥鼠攸去，君子攸芋。

The rammed-earth boards are bound with a clatter, the stakes are pounded with a thud. Wind and rain are thereby kept out, birds and rats are driven away, and the lord is thereby sheltered.

如跂斯翼，如矢斯棘，如鳥斯革，如翬斯飛，君子攸躋。

Like one standing on tiptoe in reverence, like an arrow with sharp corners, like a bird spreading its wings, like a pheasant in flight, the lord thereby ascends.

殖殖其庭，有覺其楹。噲噲其正，噦噦其冥。君子攸寧。

The courtyard is level and even, the pillars are tall and sturdy. The main hall is bright, the inner rooms are deep and wide. The lord thereby is at peace.

下莞上簟，乃安斯寢。乃寢乃興，乃占我夢。吉夢維何？維熊維羆，維虺維蛇。

Rush mats below and bamboo mats above, and so he sleeps in peace. He sleeps, and he rises, and interprets my dream. What is the auspicious dream? Bears and brown bears, vipers and snakes.

大人占之：維熊維羆，男子之祥；維虺維蛇，女子之祥。

The grand diviner interprets: bears and brown bears are the omen of bearing sons; vipers and snakes are the omen of bearing daughters.

乃生男子，載寢之床。載衣之裳，載弄之璋。其泣喤喤，朱芾斯皇，室家君王。

So a son is born, and he is laid on a bed. He is dressed in robes and given jade scepters to play with. His cries are loud, and his red knee-covers are so splendid, the future lord of the household.

乃生女子，載寢之地。載衣之裼，載弄之瓦。無非無儀，唯酒食是議，無父母詒罹。

So a daughter is born, and she is laid on the floor. She is wrapped in swaddling clothes and given a spinning whorl to play with. May she have no faults and no self-willed ways; may she attend only to wine and food, and give her parents no worry.

誰謂爾無羊？三百維群。誰謂爾無牛？九十其犉。爾羊來思，其角濈濈。爾牛來思，其耳溼溼。

Who says you have no sheep? Three hundred in a flock. Who says you have no oxen? Ninety great oxen. Your sheep come, their horns crowded together. Your oxen come, their ears flapping wetly.

或降於阿，或飲於池，或寢或訛。爾牧來思，何蓑何笠，或負其餱。三十維物，爾牲則具。

Some go down to the mountain bend, some drink at the pond, some sleep and some move about. Your herdsmen come, wearing straw rain capes and bamboo hats, some carrying dry provisions. Thirty colors of coat, and your sacrificial animals are complete.

爾牧來思，以薪以蒸，以雌以雄。爾羊來思，矜矜兢兢，不騫不崩。麾之以肱，畢來既升。

Your herdsmen come, carrying firewood and kindling, bringing females and males. Your sheep come, cautious and careful, not diminished and not scattered. With a wave of the arm, they all come, they all go up.

牧人乃夢，眾維魚矣，旐維旟矣，大人占之；眾維魚矣，實維豐年；旐維旟矣，室家溱溱。

The herdsman then dreams: many people have become fish, and the dragon banner has become a falcon banner; the grand diviner interprets: many people becoming fish truly means a bumper harvest; the dragon banner becoming the falcon banner means the household will flourish.

節彼南山，維石巖巖。赫赫師尹，民具爾瞻。憂心如惔，不敢戲談。國既卒斬，何用不監！

The Southern Mountain is lofty, its rocks are craggy. Glorious Grand Tutor Yin, all the people look up to you. My heart burns like fire, and I dare not joke. The state is at last cut off; why do you not see it?

節彼南山，有實其猗。赫赫師尹，不平謂何。天方薦瘥，喪亂弘多。民言無嘉，慘莫懲嗟。

The Southern Mountain is lofty, its slopes are full. Glorious Grand Tutor Yin, why is there such unfairness? Heaven is just now sending plague, and death and disorder are great and many. The people's words have no praise, yet the suffering is not met with reproof or sighs.

尹氏大師，維周之氐；秉國之鈞，四方是維。天子是毗，俾民不迷。不弔昊天，不宜空我師。

The Yin family, the Grand Tutor, is the foundation of Zhou; he holds the scales of the state, and the four quarters are held together by him. The Son of Heaven relies on him for support, so that the people are not confused. Unkind Heaven, you should not hollow out our multitudes.

弗躬弗親，庶民弗信。弗問弗仕，勿罔君子。式夷式已，無小人殆。瑣瑣姻亞，則無膴仕。

If he does not act in person and take charge himself, the common people will not trust him. If he does not inquire and does not appoint, do not deceive the gentleman. Be even and stop; do not be harmed by petty people. As for petty relatives by marriage, do not give them rich posts.

昊天不傭，降此鞠訩。昊天不惠，降此大戾。君子如屆，俾民心闋。君子如夷，惡怒是違。

August Heaven is not even-handed, sending down this extreme calamity. August Heaven is not kind, sending down this great perversity. If the gentleman were to come, he would put the people's hearts at rest. If the gentleman were upright, hatred and anger would depart.

不弔昊天，亂靡有定。式月斯生，俾民不寧。憂心如酲，誰秉國成？不自為政，卒勞百姓。

Unkind August Heaven, the disorder is not settled. Month by month it grows like this, and the people are not at peace. My heart is troubled as with drunkenness; who holds the established laws of the state? He does not govern himself, and in the end the common people toil.

駕彼四牡，四牡項領。我瞻四方，蹙蹙靡所騁。

Driving those four stallions, the four stallions have thick necks. I look out to the four quarters, hemmed in, with no place to gallop.

方茂爾惡，相爾矛矣。既夷既懌，如相酬矣。

Just when your hatred is flourishing, I see your spear. When it is already calmed and already pleased, it is as if you are urging one another to drink.

昊天不平，我王不寧。不懲其心，覆怨其正。

August Heaven is not even, and my king is not at peace. He does not reprove his own heart, but instead resents those who are upright.

家父作誦，以究王訩。式訛爾心，以畜萬邦。

Jia Fu makes this recitation, to trace the king's wickedness. If you change your heart, you can nurture the myriad states.

正月繁霜，我心憂傷。民之訛言，亦孔之將。念我獨兮，憂心京京。哀我小心，癙憂以癢。

In the first month there is much frost, and my heart is grieved. The people's rumors are also great. I think of my loneliness, and my heart is heavy with sorrow. I pity my own timid heart, with hidden grief to the point of illness.

父母生我，胡俾我瘉？不自我先，不自我後。好言自口，莠言自口。憂心愈愈，是以有侮。

My father and mother gave birth to me; why did they make me suffer? Not before me, not after me. Good words come from the mouth, and bad words come from the mouth. My heart grows ever more sorrowful, and so I am insulted.

憂心惸惸，念我無祿。民之無辜，並其臣僕。哀我人斯，於何從祿？瞻烏爰止？於誰之屋？

My heart is lonely and sorrowful, thinking that I have no blessing or fortune. The people have no guilt, yet even the servants are caught up in the calamity. Pity us here; from where can we seek blessing? Look where the crow settles. On whose roof?

瞻彼中林，侯薪侯蒸。民今方殆，視天夢夢。既克有定，靡人弗勝。有皇上帝，伊誰雲憎？

Looking out at those woods, there is firewood and kindling. The people are now in great danger, and I look to Heaven, dim and unseen. Once it can be settled, there is no one who cannot overcome. August God on high, whom do you truly hate?

謂山蓋卑，為岡為陵。民之訛言，寧莫之懲。召彼故老，訊之占夢。具曰予聖，誰知烏之雌雄！

They say the mountain is low, yet it is a ridge and a hill. The people's rumors, is there no one to rebuke them? I summon the old men and ask them to interpret dreams. All say I am a sage, but who can tell the crow's male from female!

謂天蓋高，不敢不局。謂地蓋厚，不敢不蹐。維號斯言，有倫有脊。哀今之人，胡為虺蜴？

They say Heaven is high, yet I dare not but bend my back. They say earth is thick, yet I dare not but tread lightly. Crying out these words, they have order and a backbone. Pity the people of today; why are they like vipers and lizards?

瞻彼阪田，有菀其特。天之杌我，如不我克。彼求我則，如不我得。執我仇讎，亦不我力。

Looking at that sloping field, there are sprouts standing out luxuriantly. Heaven shakes me like this, as if afraid it cannot overcome me. When they sought me, it was as if afraid of not getting me. Having got me, they treat me as an enemy, and do not use my strength.

心之憂矣，如或結之。今茲之正，胡然厲矣？燎之方揚，寧或滅之？赫赫宗周，褒姒滅之！

The sorrow in my heart is as if something were knotted there. Now these who govern, why are they so violent? The fire burns fiercely; can anyone put it out? The glorious Zhou capital, Bao Si has destroyed it!

終其永懷，又窘陰雨。其車既載，乃棄爾輔。載輸爾載，將伯助予！

At last long sorrowing, and again troubled by rain and clouds. The cart is already loaded, yet you cast away your side-boards. When the load is about to fall, please, elder brother, help me!

無棄爾輔，員於爾輻。屢顧爾僕，不輸爾載。終逾絕險，曾是不意。

Do not cast away your side-boards, strengthen your spokes. Often look after your charioteer, and do not let your load fall. At last you cross the great peril, yet you do not take this to heart.

魚在於沼，亦匪克樂。潛雖伏矣，亦孔之炤。憂心慘慘，念國之為虐！

The fish in the pond cannot be happy either. Though hidden and lying low, they are quite visible. My heart is full of grief, thinking of the state's cruelty!

彼有旨酒，又有嘉餚。洽比其鄰，婚姻孔雲。念我獨兮，憂心殷殷。

They have fine wine and also good dishes. They are harmonious and close with their neighbors, and their marriages are well arranged. I think of my loneliness, and my heart is deeply troubled.

佌佌彼有屋，蔌蔌方有谷。民今之無祿，天夭是椓。哿矣富人，哀此惸獨。

Petty little people have houses, mean little people just now have grain. The people now have no blessing, and Heaven ravages them like this. Happy are the rich; pity these lonely ones.

十月之交，朔月辛卯。日有食之，亦孔之醜。彼月而微，此日而微；今此下民，亦孔之哀。

In the tenth month, at the meeting of sun and moon, on the new moon day xinmao, the sun was eclipsed, and it was a very ugly sign. The moon grew dim, and the sun grew dim; now these common people are also much to be pitied.

日月告兇，不用其行。四國無政，不用其良。彼月而食，則維其常；此日而食，於何不臧。

The sun and moon announce a bad omen, not following their courses. The states of the four quarters lack good government, and do not use good men. The moon being eclipsed is still a common thing; but the sun being eclipsed, what is not wrong in it.

燁燁震電，不寧不令。百川沸騰，山冢崒崩。高岸為谷，深谷為陵。哀今之人，胡慘莫懲？

The flashing thunder and lightning are neither peaceful nor good. The hundred rivers boil over, and the mountain peaks suddenly collapse. High banks become valleys, and deep valleys become hills. Pity the people of today; why do they suffer so and yet are not warned?

皇父卿士，番維司徒，家伯維宰，仲允膳夫，棸子內史，蹶維趣馬，楀維師氏。醘妻煽方處。

Huangfu is the minister, Fan is the Minister of Education, Jiabo is the steward, Zhongyun is the chief cook, Zouzi is the inner scribe, Jue is the master of horses, and Yu is the master of the army. His beautiful wife is in full blaze and lives alongside them.

抑此皇父，豈曰不時？胡為我作，不即我謀？徹我牆屋，田卒汙萊。曰予不戕，禮則然矣。

This Huangfu, could he say it is not fitting? Why does he make works at my expense, and not come to consult me? He tears down my walls and houses, and my fields end up flooded and overgrown with weeds. Yet he says I am not harmed, that this is what ritual requires.

皇父孔聖，作都於向。擇三有事，亶侯多藏。不憖遺一老，俾守我王。擇有車馬，以居徂向。

Huangfu is very wise, and is building a capital at Xiang. He chose three officials, who are truly men who hoard much. He was unwilling to leave a single old and experienced man to guard my king. He chose those who had chariots and horses, and moved them to live at Xiang.

黽勉從事，不敢告勞。無罪無辜，讒口囂囂。下民之孽，匪降自天。噂沓背憎，職競由人。

Working diligently, I dare not complain of toil. I have no crime and no fault, yet slander is loud. The disasters of the common people do not come down from Heaven. Talking and laughing to your face, hating behind your back, they are made entirely by people competing with each other.

悠悠我裡，亦孔之痗。四方有羨，我獨居憂。民莫不逸，我獨不敢休。天命不徹，我不敢效我友自逸。

Far away is my village, and I am quite ill. The four quarters have surplus and abundance, while I alone am in sorrow. Of the people, none are not at ease, while I alone dare not rest. Heaven's mandate does not follow the constant way; I dare not imitate my friends in taking my own ease.

浩浩昊天，不駿其德。降喪饑饉，斬伐四國。旻天疾威，弗慮弗圖。舍彼有罪，既伏其辜。若此無罪，淪胥以鋪。

Vast August Heaven does not make its virtue last. It sends down death, disorder and famine, and cuts down the states of the four quarters. Heaven in autumn is swift in wrath, without thought or planning. It lets go those who are guilty, and has already concealed their guilt. Like these who are innocent, one after another they sink and suffer.

周宗既滅，靡所止戾。正大夫離居，莫知我勩。三事大夫，莫肯夙夜。邦君諸侯，莫肯朝夕。庶曰式臧，覆出為惡。

The royal house of Zhou has perished, and there is no place to rest. The chief officers have left their posts, and no one knows my toil. The three high ministers are unwilling to work from morning to night. The lords of states are unwilling to attend morning and evening. They say they hope to do good, yet go out and do evil.

如何昊天，辟言不信。如彼行邁，則靡所臻。凡百君子，各敬爾身。胡不相畏，不畏於天？

What can be done, Heaven? Words of law and measure are not believed. It is like walking on a road with no place to arrive. All you gentlemen, each be respectful and careful of your own persons. Why do you not fear one another, and not fear Heaven?

戎成不退，飢成不遂。曾我暬御，慘慘日瘁。凡百君子，莫肯用訊。聽言則答，譖言則退。

The war is already begun yet does not withdraw; the famine is already come yet does not abate. Once I was one of these close attendants, grieving, wasting away day by day. All you gentlemen are unwilling to remonstrate. To pleasant words you respond; from slanderous words you shrink back.

哀哉不能言，匪舌是出，維躬是瘁。哿矣能言，巧言如流，俾躬處休！

It is sad that one cannot speak, not through any fault of the tongue, but because one wastes away from it. Happy are those who can speak, with clever words like flowing water, keeping themselves in ease!

維曰予仕，孔棘且殆。雲不何使，得罪於天子；亦云可使，怨及朋友。

Though I say I am to take office, it is very urgent and dangerous. If I say I cannot go on a mission, I will offend the Son of Heaven; if I also say I can go, resentment will fall on my friends.

謂爾遷於王都。曰予未有室家。鼠思泣血，無言不疾。昔爾出居，誰從作爾室？

You are told to move to the royal capital. Yet I say I still have no household there. Rats think and weep tears of blood, and there is not a word that does not hurt. In the past when you went out to live, who followed to build you a house?

旻天疾威，敷於下土。謀猶回遹，何日斯沮？謀臧不從，不臧覆用。我視謀猶，亦孔之邛。

Autumn Heaven is swift in wrath, spreading over the lower earth. Its plans are crooked and perverse; what day will they stop? Good plans are not followed, and bad ones are used instead. When I look at these plans, I am greatly troubled.

潝潝訿訿，亦孔之哀。謀之其臧，則具是違。謀之不臧，則具是依。我視謀猶，伊於胡厎。

They chime in together and slander one another, which is also pitiable. If a plan is sound, they all go against it. If a plan is not sound, they all follow it. When I look at these plans, where will they end up?

我龜既厭，不我告猶。謀夫孔多，是用不集。發言盈庭，誰敢執其咎？如匪行邁謀，是用不得於道。

My tortoise is already weary and does not tell me the plans. The planners are many, and so nothing is accomplished. Speech fills the courtyard, but who dares take the blame? It is like consulting without walking, so one cannot find the road.

哀哉為猶，匪先民是程，匪大猶是經。維邇言是聽，維邇言是爭。如彼築室於道謀，是用不潰於成。

Sad is this way of planning, which does not take the former people as the model, nor the great way as the plan. They only listen to shallow words and only argue over shallow words. It is like building a house by the road and asking passersby, so it cannot be completed.

國雖靡止，或聖或否。民雖靡膴，或哲或謀，或肅或艾。如彼泉流，無淪胥以敗。

Though the state has no fixed place, some are sage and some are not. Though the people are not numerous, some are clear-sighted, some are good planners, some are reverent and some are orderly. Like that spring flowing, do not sink one after another and be ruined.

不敢暴虎，不敢馮河。人知其一，莫知其他。戰戰兢兢，如臨深淵，如履薄冰。

One dares not hit a tiger with bare hands or cross a river on foot. People know this, but do not know the rest. Trembling and cautious, as if on the brink of a deep pool, as if treading on thin ice.

宛彼鳴鳩，翰飛戾天。我心憂傷，念昔先人。明發不寐，有懷二人。

The small turtledove flies high into the sky. My heart is grieved, thinking of the ancestors of former times. At dawn I cannot sleep, and think of those two.

人之齊聖，飲酒溫克。彼昏不知，一醉日富。各敬爾儀，天命不又。

If a person is clear, sage and wise, he can drink wine with gentleness and restraint. Those who are dull and know nothing think after one drink that they are daily wealthy. Each of you, be respectful of your bearing; the mandate of Heaven does not come again.

中原有菽，庶民採之。螟蛉有子，蜾蠃負之。教誨爾子，式谷似之。

In the fields there are beans, which the common people gather. The mulberry caterpillar has its larvae, which the wasp carries off. Teach your son, and make him like the good.

題彼脊令，載飛載鳴。我日斯邁，而月斯徵。夙興夜寐，毋忝爾所生。

Look at that wagtail, flying and calling. I advance like this every day, and you travel far like this every month. Rise early and sleep late, and do not disgrace those who bore you.

交交桑扈，率場啄粟。哀我填寡，宜岸宜獄。握粟出卜，自何能谷？

The little finches chirp, pecking millet along the threshing floor. Pity me, poor, sick, lonely and widowed, fit to be in prison. Holding millet in my hand I go out to divine; from where can I get good?

溫溫恭人，如集於木。惴惴小心，如臨於谷。戰戰兢兢，如履薄冰。

Gentle and respectful people are like those gathered in a tree. Fearful and careful, as if on the brink of a valley. Trembling and cautious, as if treading on thin ice.

弁彼鷽斯，歸飛提提。民莫不穀，我獨於罹。何辜於天？我罪伊何？心之憂矣，雲如之何？

The flying jackdaws come home in leisurely flight. Of the people, none are not good, while I alone am in distress. What have I done wrong to Heaven? What is my crime? The sorrow in my heart, what am I to do?

踧踧周道，鞫為茂草。我心憂傷，惄焉如搗。假寐永嘆，維憂用老。心之憂矣，疢如疾首。

The level great road, at its end is overgrown with lush grass. My heart is grieved, sorrowing as if being pounded. Sleeping in my clothes I sigh long, growing old from sorrow alone. The sorrow in my heart, like a fever, like a headache.

維桑與梓，必恭敬止。靡瞻匪父，靡依匪母。不屬於毛？不罹於裡？天之生我，我辰安在？

The mulberry and the catalpa must be treated with respect. What I look up to is none other than my father, and what I rely on is none other than my mother. Do I not belong to the outside? Am I not connected to the inside? Heaven gave birth to me; where is my fate?

菀彼柳斯，鳴蜩嘒嘒，有漼者淵，萑葦淠淠。譬彼舟流，不知所屆，心之憂矣，不遑假寐。

The lush willow, with cicadas singing, there is a deep pool, and reeds grow thick. Like a boat drifting along, not knowing where it will arrive, the sorrow in my heart leaves no leisure even to sleep in my clothes.

鹿斯之奔，維足伎伎。雉之朝雊，尚求其雌。譬彼壞木，疾用無枝。心之憂矣，寧莫之知？

The deer run, their feet moving slowly. The pheasant calls in the morning, still seeking its mate. Like that decayed tree, so sick it has no branches. The sorrow in my heart, is there no one who knows?

相彼投兔，尚或先之。行有死人，尚或墐之。君子秉心，維其忍之。心之憂矣，涕既隕之。

Look at that hare caught in the net; someone first set it free. On the road there is a dead man; someone buried him with earth. The gentleman's heart is set so, yet so cruel. The sorrow in my heart, my tears have already fallen.

君子信讒，如或酬之。君子不惠，不舒究之。伐木掎矣，析薪扡矣。舍彼有罪，予之佗矣。

The gentleman believes slander, as if someone were urging him to drink. The gentleman does not show kindness, and does not slowly inquire. When chopping trees, hold them back; when splitting firewood, follow the grain. He lets go of those who are guilty, yet lays the guilt on me.

莫高匪山，莫浚匪泉。君子無易由言，耳屬於垣。無逝我梁，無發我笱。我躬不閱，遑恤我後。

There is no mountain that is not high, no spring that is not deep. Gentleman, do not speak lightly, for an ear is pressed to the wall. Do not go to my fish weir, do not open my fish basket. I myself am not tolerated; how can I care about what happens after I am gone.

悠悠昊天，曰父母且。無罪無辜，亂如此幠。昊天已威，予慎無罪。昊天大幠，予慎無辜。

Far-off August Heaven, called father and mother. I have no crime and no fault, yet the disorder is so great. August Heaven is already angry, but I truly have no crime. August Heaven is too great, but I truly have no fault.

亂之初生，僭始既涵。亂之又生，君子信讒。君子如怒，亂庶遄沮。君子如祉，亂庶遄已。

When disorder first arose, slander was beginning to be tolerated. When disorder arose again, the gentleman believed slander. If the gentleman were to be angry, the disorder would perhaps soon cease. If the gentleman were to bestow blessings, the disorder would perhaps soon end.

君子屢盟，亂是用長。君子信盜，亂是用暴。盜言孔甘，亂是用餤。匪其止共，維王之邛。

The gentleman repeatedly swears oaths, and so disorder grows. The gentleman believes robbers, and so disorder becomes violent. The robbers' words are sweet, and so disorder deepens. It is not that they are respectful in their duties; it is only the king's sickness.

奕奕寢廟，君子作之。秩秩大猷，聖人莫之。他人有心，予忖度之。躍躍毚兔，遇犬獲之。

The grand ancestral temple was built by the gentleman. The orderly great plans were established by the sages. When others have thoughts, I can fathom them. The leaping cunning hare, when meeting a dog, is caught.

荏染柔木，君子樹之。往來行言，心焉數之。蛇蛇碩言，出自口矣。巧言如簧，顏之厚矣。

The soft, fine tree was planted by the gentleman. Rumors come and go, and my heart counts them. Shallow big talk comes out of the mouth. Clever words are like a reed organ, and the face is thick.

彼何人斯？居河之麋。無拳無勇，職為亂階。既微且尰，爾勇伊何？為猶將多，爾居徒幾何？

What kind of man is he? He lives by the river. He has no strength and no courage, and only makes steps for disorder. With sores on his legs and swollen feet, where is your courage? Your plans are many, but how many are your followers?

彼何人斯？其心孔艱。胡逝我梁，不入我門？伊誰雲從？維暴之雲。

What kind of man is he? His heart is dangerous. Why does he pass my fish weir yet not enter my gate? Following whom? He says Lord Bao.

二人從行，誰為此禍？胡逝我梁，不入唁我？始者不如今，雲不我可

Two people walk together; who caused this calamity? Why do you pass my fish weir and not come in to console me? At first it was not like now; you say I cannot be allowed.

彼何人斯？胡逝我陳？我聞其聲，不見其身。不愧於人？不畏於天？

What kind of man is he? Why does he pass along my courtyard path? I hear his voice but cannot see his person. Is he not ashamed before others? Does he not fear Heaven?

彼何人斯？其為飄風。胡不自北？胡不自南？胡逝我梁？絺攪我心。

What kind of man is he? He is like a whirlwind. Why does he not come from the north? Why does he not come from the south? Why does he pass my fish weir? He stirs up my heart.

爾之安行，亦不遑舍。爾之亟行，遑脂爾車。一者之來，云何其盱。

You walk slowly, yet have no leisure to stop. You hurry, yet have time to grease the cart. Once you come, why so worried?

爾還而入，我心易也。還而不入，否難知也。一者之來，俾我絺也。

If you return and enter the door, my heart is at peace. If you return but do not enter the door, it is hard to know. Once you come, my heart is stirred up.

伯氏吹壎，仲氏吹篪。及爾如貫，諒不我鄭出此三物，以詛爾斯。

The elder brother blows the xun, the younger brother blows the chi. Joined with you like beads on one string, surely you do not fail to understand me. (The base text reads "谅不我郑出此三物" and a passage seems to be missing; it is translated here following the reading "谅不我知。出此三物".) Bring out these three sacrificial animals, to swear a curse against you in this way.

為鬼為蜮，則不可得。有靦面目，視人罔極。作此好歌，以極反側。

If you were a ghost or a water sprite, you could not be seen. Yet you have a shameless face, and look at people without any rule. I make this good song to probe your inconstancy.

萋兮斐兮，成是貝錦。彼譖人者，亦已大甚！

The patterns are intricate, woven into this cowrie brocade. Those who slander people have gone too far!

哆兮侈兮，成是南箕。彼譖人者，誰適與謀。

The mouth is opened wide, and becomes the South Winnowing Basket star. Those who slander people, with whom do they plot?

緝緝翩翩，謀欲譖人。慎爾言也，謂爾不信。

Whispering and going back and forth, they plot to slander people. Be careful of your words, or they will say you cannot be trusted.

捷捷幡幡，謀欲譖言。豈不爾受？既其女遷。

Glib and nimble, turning and shifting, they plot to bring slander. Do you not accept them? Later it will shift onto you.

驕人好好，勞人草草。蒼天蒼天，視彼驕人，矜此勞人。

The arrogant are pleased and self-satisfied, the toilers are worn and sorrowful. Blue Heaven, blue Heaven, look at those arrogant ones, and pity these toilers.

彼譖人者，誰適與謀？取彼譖人，投畀豺虎。豺虎不食，投畀有北。有北不受，投畀有昊！

Those who slander people, with whom do they plot? Seize those who slander people and throw them to the jackals and tigers. If the jackals and tigers will not eat them, throw them to the north. If the north will not accept them, throw them to August Heaven!

楊園之道，猗於畝丘。寺人孟子，作為此詩。凡百君子，敬而聽之。

The road of Yang garden leads to Mu hill. The eunuch Meng Zi made this poem. All you gentlemen, listen respectfully.

習習穀風，維風及雨。將恐將懼，維予與女。將安將樂，女轉棄予。

The wind from the valley blows gently, wind and then rain. In the time of fear and dread, it was only me and you. In the time of peace and joy, you turn and cast me aside.

習習穀風，維風及頹。將恐將懼，置予於懷。將安將樂，棄予如遺。

The wind from the valley blows gently, wind and then storm. In the time of fear and dread, you put me in your bosom. In the time of peace and joy, you cast me away like a thing discarded.

習習穀風，維山崔嵬。無草不死，無木不萎。忘我大德，思我小怨。

The wind from the valley blows gently, and the mountain towers high. There is no grass that does not die, no tree that does not wither. You forget my great kindness and think only of my small grievances.

蓼蓼者莪，匪莪伊蒿。哀哀父母，生我劬勞。

The tall, tall artemisia, it is not artemisia but wormwood. Sorrowful father and mother, bearing me cost them toil.

蓼蓼者莪，匪莪伊蔚。哀哀父母，生我勞瘁。

The tall, tall artemisia, it is not artemisia but mugwort. Sorrowful father and mother, bearing me cost them toil and wearing out.

瓶之罄矣，維罍之恥。鮮民之生，不如死之久矣。無父何怙？無母何恃？出則銜恤，入則靡至。

The small jar is empty, and it is the shame of the large jar. For a person left alone to live, it is better to die early. Without a father, whom do I rely on? Without a mother, whom do I lean on? Going out I carry sorrow, coming in it is as if I had not reached home.

父兮生我，母兮鞠我。撫我畜我，長我育我，顧我復我，出入腹我。欲報之德。昊天罔極！

Father, you gave birth to me; mother, you nourished me. You supported me and raised me, you made me grow and brought me up, you looked after me and turned me over, going out and in you held me in your arms. I wish to repay this kindness. August Heaven has no rule!

南山烈烈，飄風發發。民莫不穀，我獨何害！南山律律，飄風弗弗。民莫不穀，我獨不卒！

The Southern Mountain is fierce, the whirlwind is violent. Of the people, none are not good; why alone am I harmed! The Southern Mountain is high, the whirlwind is fierce. Of the people, none are not good; why alone can I not finish caring for my parents!

有饛簋飧，有捄棘匕。周道如砥，其直如矢。君子所履，小人所視。眷言顧之，潸焉出涕。

The rice in the bowl is heaped full, and the jujube spoon is long and curved. The great road is like a whetstone, straight as an arrow. What the gentleman walks on, the petty people look at. Looking back, I weep in streams.

小東大東，杼柚其空。糾糾葛屨，可以履霜。佻佻公子，行彼周行。既往既來，使我心疚。

In the small east and the great east, the looms are empty. Tightly bound kudzu shoes can tread on frost. The airy young lord walks on that great road. Going and coming, he makes my heart ache.

有冽氿泉，無浸獲薪。契契寤嘆，哀我憚人。薪是獲薪，尚可載也。哀我憚人，亦可息也。

There is a cold spring welling from the side; do not soak the cut firewood. Waking in sorrow and sighing, pity us laboring people. The firewood is cut firewood, and can still be loaded. Pity us laboring people, who may also have rest.

東人之子，職勞不來。西人之子，粲粲衣服。舟人之子，熊羆是裘。私人之子，百僚是試。

The sons of the people of the east are assigned toil without reward. The sons of the people of the west wear robes of brilliant color. The sons of the boatmen wear bear-skin coats. The sons of the private households are all tried for office among the hundred officials.

或以其酒，不以其漿。鞙鞙佩璲，不以其長。維天有漢，監亦有光。跂彼織女，終日七襄。

Some use wine, some have not even a drink of broth. The pendants of jade swing, yet some do not even have miscellaneous pendants. In the sky there is the Milky Way, which shines with light. The Weaving Girl stands on tiptoe, shifting seven stations in a day.

雖則七襄，不成報章。睆彼牽牛，不以服箱。東有啟明，西有長庚。有捄天畢，載施之行。

Though she shifts seven stations, she cannot weave a pattern of going back and forth. That bright Ox-Herd star cannot be used to pull a cart. In the east there is the Bright Dawn star and in the west the Long Evening star. The curved Heavenly Net star is placed on the road.

維南有箕，不可以簸揚。維北有鬥，不可以挹酒漿。維南有箕，載翕其舌。維北有鬥，西柄之揭。

In the south there is the Winnowing Basket star, but it cannot be used to winnow. In the north there is the Northern Dipper, but it cannot be used to ladle wine. In the south there is the Winnowing Basket, sticking out its tongue. In the north there is the Dipper, its handle raised high in the west.

四月維夏，六月徂署。先祖匪人，胡寧忍予？

The fourth month is summer, and the sixth month goes into the heat. (The base text writes a wrong character for "heat" here.) Were the ancestors not human; why are they willing to be so cruel to me?

秋日悽悽，百卉具腓。亂離瘼矣，爰其適歸？

Autumn days are chilly, and all the grasses wither. Disorder, separation and sickness; where can I go back to?

冬日烈烈，飄風發發。民莫不穀，我獨何害？

Winter days are fierce, the whirlwind is violent. Of the people, none are not good; why alone am I harmed?

山有嘉卉，侯栗侯梅。廢為殘賊，莫知其尤！

On the mountain there are fine plants and trees, chestnut and plum. Cast aside they become wasted and ruined, and no one knows the fault!

相彼泉水，載清載濁。我日構禍，曷雲能谷？

Look at that spring, now clear and now muddy. I meet with calamity every day; how can I get good?

滔滔江漢，南國之紀。盡瘁以仕，寧莫我有？

The rolling Yangtze and Han are the bonds of the southern lands. Though I have worn myself out in office, do you not care for me?

匪鶉匪鳶，翰飛戾天。匪鱣匪鮪，潛逃於淵。

I am not a dove or a kite, yet fly high into the sky. I am not a sturgeon or a tuna, yet dive into the deep pool.

山有蕨薇，隰有杞桋。君子作歌，維以告哀。

On the mountain there are bracken and vetch, in the hollows there are wolfberry and yi trees. The gentleman makes a song, only to tell his sorrow.

陟彼北山，言採其杞。偕偕士子，朝夕從事。王事靡盬，憂我父母。

I climb that northern mountain to gather wolfberries. Sturdy scholars labor morning and night. The king's business has no end, and it makes my parents worry.

溥天之下，莫非王土；率土之濱，莫非王臣。大夫不均，我從事獨賢。

Under the whole sky, there is no land that is not the king's; along the sea's shores of the land, there are none who are not the king's subjects. The grandees are not fair, and I alone am assigned the most work.

四牡彭彭，王事傍傍。嘉我未老，鮮我方將。旅力方剛，經營四方。

The four stallions gallop on, and the king's business presses urgent. They praise me as not yet old, and commend me as in my prime. My strength is just vigorous, and I labor across the four quarters.

或燕燕居息，或盡瘁事國；或息偃在床，或不已於行。

Some live at ease and rest, some wear themselves out in service to the state; some lie on their beds, some never stop on the road.

或不知叫號，或慘慘劬勞；或棲遲偃仰，或王事鞅掌。

Some do not know the sound of calls and commands, some toil in grief; some rest and recline, some are busy and hurried with the king's business.

或湛樂飲酒，或慘慘畏咎；或出入風議，或靡事不為。

Some indulge in pleasure and wine, some are fearful of giving offense; some go in and out voicing opinions, some have nothing they do not do.

無將大車，祇自塵兮。無思百憂，祇自疧兮。

Do not push that great cart, you will only dirty yourself with dust. Do not think of those hundred sorrows, you will only make yourself ill.

無將大車，維塵冥冥。無思百憂，不出於熲。

Do not push that great cart, the dust is thick and dark. Do not think of those hundred sorrows, you cannot come out into the light.

無將大車，維塵雍兮。無思百憂，祇自重兮。

Do not push that great cart, the dust is choking. Do not think of those hundred sorrows, you will only make them heavier.

明明上天，照臨下土。我徵徂西，至於艽野。二月初吉，載離寒暑。

Bright Heaven above shines down on the lower earth. I go on campaign to the west, to the remote and wild lands. In the second month, the first auspicious day, I have gone through cold and heat.

心之憂矣，其毒大苦。念彼共人，涕零如雨。豈不懷歸？畏此罪罟！

The sorrow in my heart, that poison is very bitter. Thinking of those respectful ones, my tears fall like rain. Do I not long to go home? I fear this net of guilt!

昔我往矣，日月方除。曷雲其還？歲聿雲莫。念我獨兮，我事孔庶。

When I left long ago, the sun and moon were just clearing out the old. When can I return? The year is nearly at its end. I think of my loneliness; my tasks are very many.

心之憂矣，憚我不暇。念彼共人，眷眷懷顧！豈不懷歸？畏此譴怒。

The sorrow in my heart, toil leaves me no leisure. Thinking of those respectful ones, I look back longingly! Do I not long to go home? I fear this rebuke and anger.

昔我往矣，日月方奧。曷雲其還？政事愈蹙。歲聿雲莫，採蕭獲菽。

When I left long ago, the sun and moon were just growing warm. When can I return? Affairs of government press all the more. The year is nearly at its end, and I gather mugwort and harvest beans.

心之憂矣，自詒伊戚。念彼共人，興言出宿。豈不懷歸？畏此反覆。

The sorrow in my heart, I have left sorrow for myself. Thinking of those respectful ones, I rise and speak of lodging abroad. Do I not long to go home? I fear this inconstancy.

嗟爾君子，無恆安處。靖共爾位，正直是與。神之聽之，式谷以女。

Alas, you gentlemen, do not always settle in comfort. Be calm and respectful in your posts, and keep company with the upright. When the spirits hear it, they will repay you with good.

嗟爾君子，無恆安息。靖共爾位，好是正直。神之聽之，介爾景福。

Alas, you gentlemen, do not always rest in ease. Be calm and respectful in your posts, and love what is upright. When the spirits hear it, they will bestow great blessings on you.

鼓鍾將將，淮水湯湯，憂心且傷。淑人君子，懷允不忘。

The bells are struck, jiang jiang, the Huai River flows in broad surges; my heart is sorrowful and grieved. The good and gentle gentleman, I remember his trustworthiness and cannot forget.

鼓鍾喈喈，淮水湝湝，憂心且悲。淑人君子，其德不回。

The bells are struck, jie jie, and the waters of the Huai flow, jie jie; my heart is sad and grieved. The good man, the gentleman, his virtue is without fault.

鼓鍾伐鼛，淮有三洲，憂心且妯。淑人君子，其德不猶。

The bells are struck and the great drums beaten, the Huai has its three islets; my heart is sad and shaken. The good man, the gentleman, his virtue is without error.

鼓鍾欽欽，鼓瑟鼓琴，笙磬同音。以雅以南，以龠不僭。

The bells are struck, qin qin, the se and qin are played, the sheng and chimes sound in unison. The Ya music and the Southern music are played, and the flutes keep proper measure.

楚楚者茨，言抽其棘，自昔何為？我蓺黍稷。我黍與與，我稷翼翼。

The caltrops grow thick; remove their thorns. What did we do in the past? We planted millet and sorghum. My millet is lush and abundant, and my sorghum is neat and orderly.

我倉既盈，我庾維億。以為酒食，以享以祀，以妥以侑，以介景福。

My granaries are full, and my open stores number in the hundreds of thousands. We make wine and food, to offer in sacrifice, to comfort the spirits and urge them to feast, and to seek great blessings.

濟濟蹌蹌，絜爾牛羊，以往烝嘗。或剝或亨，或四或將。祝祭於祊，

In full numbers and stately steps, wash your oxen and sheep and go to the winter and autumn sacrifices. Some flay, some boil, some cut up, some carry in. The invoker sacrifices inside the temple gate,

祀事孔明。先祖是皇，神保是饗。孝孫有慶，報以介福，萬壽無疆！

and the sacrificial affairs are clear and complete. The ancestors then arrive, and the spirit protector enjoys the offering. The filial descendant has cause for joy; great blessings are returned, ten thousand years of life without limit!

執爨踖踖，為俎孔碩，或燔或炙。君婦莫莫，為豆孔庶。為賓為客，

The cooks are reverent and attentive, the sacrificial stands are large, some roast and some broil. The lady of the house is quiet and calm, the bean vessels many. As guests and visitors,

獻酬交錯。禮儀卒度，笑語卒獲。神保是格，報以介福，萬壽攸酢！

they exchange cups in turn. The rites are in due measure, and the laughter and words are fitting. The spirit protector then arrives and returns great blessings, ten thousand years of life as reward!

我孔戁矣，式禮莫愆。工祝致告，徂賚孝孫。苾芬孝祀，神嗜飲食。

We are very reverent and fearful, and the rites have no fault. The officiating invoker makes his announcement, going forward to bestow on the filial descendant. The fragrant filial offering, the spirits love these foods and drinks.

卜爾百福，如幾如式。既齊既稷，既匡既敕。永錫爾極，時萬時億！

They give you a hundred blessings, on time and as the rule. All is orderly and swift, all is correct and careful. Forever they give you uprightness, in ten thousands and hundreds of millions!

禮儀既備，鐘鼓既戒，孝孫徂位，工祝致告，神具醉止，皇屍載起。

The rites are complete, the bells and drums are ready, the filial descendant goes to his seat, the invoker makes his announcement, the spirits are drunk, and the august impersonator then rises.

鼓鍾送屍，神保聿歸。諸宰君婦，廢徹不遲。諸父兄弟，備言燕私。

The bells are struck to send off the impersonator, and the spirit protector then returns. The various cooks and the lady of the house clear the mats without delay. The uncles and brothers all say they will hold a private feast.

樂具入奏，以綏後祿。爾餚既將，莫怨具慶。既醉既飽，小大稽首。

The instruments all enter to play, to soothe the blessings to come. Your dishes have been served, and there is no resentment, all celebrate together. Already drunk and already full, young and old bow their heads.

神嗜飲食，使君壽考。孔惠孔時，維其盡之。子子孫孫，勿替引之！

The spirits love these foods and drinks, and make our lord live long. All is smooth and timely, only because he has fulfilled the rites. Sons and grandsons, do not let it lapse, but prolong it!

信彼南山，維禹甸之。畇畇原隰，曾孫田之。我疆我理，南東其畝。

The stretching Southern Mountain was put in order by Yu. The plains and lowlands lie flat and even, and the great-grandson cultivates them. I mark out boundaries and manage them, the fields running south and east.

上天同雲。雨雪雰雰，益之以霢霂。既優既渥，既沾既足。生我百穀。

Heaven makes the clouds all alike. Rain and snow fall thick, with a light drizzle added. The fields are well soaked and moistened, all wet and sufficient. It makes our hundred grains grow.

疆埸翼翼，黍稷彧彧。曾孫之穡，以為酒食。畀我屍賓，壽考萬年。

The field boundaries are neat and orderly, the millet and sorghum lush. The great-grandson's harvest is made into wine and food. It is given to my impersonator and guests, for long life of ten thousand years.

中田有廬，疆埸有瓜。是剝是菹，獻之皇祖。曾孫壽考，受天之祜。

In the fields there are huts, and on the field borders there are melons. They are cut up and pickled, and offered to the august ancestor. The great-grandson lives long and receives Heaven's blessing.

祭以清酒，從以騂牡，享於祖考。執其鸞刀，以啟其毛，取其血膋。

With clear wine we sacrifice, following the red bull, and offer it to our ancestors. Taking the bell-hung knife, we open up its hair and take out its blood and fat.

是烝是享，苾苾芬芬。祀事孔明，先祖是皇。報以介福。萬壽無疆。

Then they are presented and offered, fragrant and sweet. The sacrificial affairs are clear and complete, and the ancestors then arrive. Great blessings are returned: ten thousand years of life without limit.

倬彼甫田，歲取十千。我取其陳，食我農人。自古有年。

The vast Fu field yields ten thousand each year. I take the old grain and feed my farmers. Since ancient times there have been abundant years.

今適南畝，或耘或耔。黍稷薿薿，攸介攸止，烝我髦士。

Now going to the southern fields, some weed and some hoe up earth to the roots. The millet and sorghum are thick and lush, then grow tall and then ripen, and are presented to my outstanding men.

以我齊明，與我犧羊，以社以方。我田既臧，農夫之慶。

With my clean millet and sorghum and my sacrificial sheep, we sacrifice to the earth and to the four quarters. My fields are in good condition, and it is the farmers' joy.

琴瑟擊鼓，以御田祖。以祈甘雨，以介我稷黍，以谷我士女。

With zither and se and beaten drums we welcome the Ancestor of the Fields. We pray for sweet rain, to help my sorghum and millet, and to feed my men and women.

曾孫來止，以其婦子。饁彼南畝，田畯至喜。攘其左右，

The great-grandson comes, with his wife and children. They bring meals to the southern fields, and the field officer comes and is glad. He takes up some from left and right,

嘗其旨否。禾易長畝，終善且有。曾孫不怒，農夫克敏。

and tastes whether it is good. The crops are tended and fill the fields, and in the end it is good and plentiful. The great-grandson is not angry, and the farmers are able to be quick.

曾孫之稼，如茨如梁。曾孫之庾，如坻如京。乃求千斯倉，

The great-grandson's crops are like thatch and like bridges. The great-grandson's open stores are like islets and high hills. So he asks for a thousand granaries,

乃求萬斯箱。黍稷稻粱，農夫之慶。報以介福，萬壽無疆。

and so he asks for ten thousand cart-beds. Millet, sorghum, rice and fine grain are the farmers' joy. Great blessings are returned: ten thousand years of life without limit.

大田多稼，既種既戒，既備乃事。以我覃耜，俶載南畝。

The great field has many crops, the seed has been chosen and the preparations made, and the work is complete. With my sharp plowshare, they begin to work the southern fields.

播厥百穀，既庭且碩，曾孫是若。

They sow the hundred grains; they are both straight and plump, and the great-grandson is pleased because of it.

既方既皂，既堅既好，不稂不莠。去其螟螣，及其蟊賊，

They have put out ears and formed husks, they are firm and fine, with no wolf's-tail grass and no weeds. Remove the stem-borers and the leaf-eaters, and the root-cutters and thieves,

無害我田稚。田祖有神，秉畀炎火。

and do not harm the young shoots in my fields. The Ancestor of the Fields has spirit; take them and hand them over to the blazing fire.

有渰萋萋，興雨祈祈。雨我公田，遂及我私。彼有不獲稚，

Dark clouds gather thick, and the rain comes slow and gentle. It falls on my public field, and then also reaches my private field. Over there are young stalks not yet gathered,

此有不斂穧，彼有遺秉，此有滯穗，伊寡婦之利。

here are sheaves not yet collected, over there are sheaves left behind, here are ears left lying; these are for the widow's benefit.

曾孫來止，以其婦子。饁彼南畝，田畯至喜。來方禋祀，

The great-grandson comes, with his wife and children. They bring meals to the southern fields, and the field officer comes and is glad. They come to sacrifice to the four quarters, to make the pure offering,

以其騂黑，與其黍稷。以享以祀，以介景福。

with the red ox and the black pig, and that millet and sorghum. They are used to offer in sacrifice, to seek great blessings.

瞻彼洛矣，維水泱泱。君子至止，福祿如茨。韎韐有奭，以作六師。

Looking at the Luo River, its waters wide and broad. The gentleman has come, and his blessings and rank are as thick as thatch. His red knee-covers are bright red, to rouse the six armies.

瞻彼洛矣，維水泱泱。君子至止，鞸琫有珌。君子萬年，保其家室。

Looking at the Luo River, its waters wide and broad. The gentleman has come, and the jade ornaments of his scabbard are fine. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and protect his house.

瞻彼洛矣，維水泱泱。君子至止，福祿既同。君子萬年，保其家邦。

Looking at the Luo River, its waters wide and broad. The gentleman has come, and his blessings and rank have all gathered. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and protect his state.

裳裳者華，其葉湑兮。我覯之子，我心寫兮。我心寫兮，是以有譽處兮。

Flowers in splendid bloom, their leaves are lush and thick. I have met this man, and my heart is unburdened. My heart is unburdened, and so there is good name and peace.

裳裳者華，芸其黃矣。我覯之子，維其有章矣。維其有章矣，是以有慶矣。

Flowers in splendid bloom, yellow and bright. I have met this man, and it is because he has refined elegance. Because he has refined elegance, there is cause for celebration.

裳裳者華，或黃或白。我覯之子，乘其四駱。乘其四駱，六轡沃若。

Flowers in splendid bloom, some yellow and some white. I have met this man, driving four white horses. Driving four white horses, the six reins are glossy.

左之左之，君子宜之。右之右之，君子有之。維其有之，是以似之。

To the left, to the left, the gentleman is suitable. To the right, to the right, the gentleman has what it takes. Because he has it, he is able to be like his forebears.

交交桑扈，有鶯其羽。君子樂胥，受天之祜。

The green sparrows flit about, their feathers lovely with pattern. The gentleman is joyful and receives Heaven's blessing.

交交桑扈，有鶯其領。君子樂胥，萬邦之屏。

The green sparrows flit about, their necks lovely with pattern. The gentleman is joyful and is the screen of the ten thousand states.

之屏之翰，百辟為憲。不戢不難，受福不那。

He is the screen and the backbone, the model for a hundred lords. He is not hasty or afraid, and receives no small blessing.

兕觥其觩，旨酒思柔。彼交匪敖，萬福來求。

The rhinoceros-horn cup curves, and the fine wine thinks of mildness. In dealings he is not arrogant, and ten thousand blessings come to seek him.

鴛鴦于飛，畢之羅之。君子萬年，福祿宜之。

The mandarin ducks fly, caught with small and large nets. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and blessings and rank suit him.

鴛鴦在梁，戢其左翼。君子萬年，

The mandarin ducks are on the fish weir, with their left wing tucked in. May the gentleman live ten thousand years,

宜其遐福。乘馬在廄，摧之秣之。君子萬年，福祿艾之。

and may long-lasting blessings be fitting for him. The carriage horses are in the stable, fed with chopped fodder and fed with grain. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and blessings and rank sustain him.

乘馬在廄，秣之摧之。君子萬年，福祿綏之。

The carriage horses are in the stable, fed with grain and fed with chopped fodder. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and blessings and rank comfort him.

有頍者弁，實維伊何？爾酒既旨，爾餚既嘉。豈伊異人？兄弟匪他。

Those high-worn leather caps, what are they for? Your wine is already fine, your dishes already good. Are they outsiders? They are brothers, no others.

蔦與女蘿，施於松柏。未見君子，憂心奕奕；既見君子，庶幾說懌。

The mistletoe and the dodder, creep up on the pines and cypresses. Before I saw the gentleman, my heart was anxious and troubled; now that I have seen the gentleman, I am nearly glad.

有頍者弁，實維何期？爾酒既旨，爾餚既時。豈伊異人？兄弟具來。

Those high-worn leather caps, what is it they await? Your wine is already fine, your dishes are already timely. Are they outsiders? The brothers have all come.

蔦與女蘿，施於松上。未見君子，憂心怲怲；既見君子，庶幾有臧。

The mistletoe and the dodder, creep up on the pine trees. Before I saw the gentleman, my heart was anxious and aching; now that I have seen the gentleman, I am nearly well.

有頍者弁，實維在首。爾酒既旨，爾餚既阜。豈伊異人？兄弟甥舅。

Those high-worn leather caps, truly worn on the head. Your wine is already fine, your dishes already abundant. Are they outsiders? They are brothers, and uncles and nephews.

如彼雨雪，先集維霰。死喪無日，無幾相見。樂酒今夕，君子維宴。

Like the snow that falls, what gathers first is the sleet. Death and mourning have no fixed time, and there are not many days left to meet. Tonight we drink in joy, and the gentlemen simply feast.

間關車之舝兮，思孌季女逝兮。匪飢匪渴，德音來括。雖無好友？式燕且喜。

The axle-pins clatter, jian guan; a lovely young woman is being married. It is not hunger or thirst, but a good name that has come to join her. Though I have no good friends, we feast and are glad.

依彼平林，有集維鷮。辰彼碩女，令德來教。式燕且譽，好爾無射。

In that lush level forest, the pheasants rest. The timely great maiden, her virtue comes to instruct. We feast and have good repute, and love you without weariness.

雖無旨酒？式飲庶幾。雖無嘉餚？式食庶幾。雖無德與女？式歌且舞？

Though I have no fine wine, I will drink a little. Though I have no good dishes, I will eat a little. Though I have no virtue to give you, shall we sing and dance?

陟彼高岡，析其柞薪。析其柞薪，其葉湑兮。鮮我覯爾，我心寫兮。

Climbing that high ridge, I cut oak for firewood. I cut the oak for firewood, and its leaves are lush and thick. Rare that I should meet you, and my heart is unburdened.

高山仰止，景行行止。四牡騑騑，六轡如琴。覯爾新婚，以慰我心。

We look up to the high mountain and walk the great road. The four stallions do not stop, the six reins are like zither strings. Meeting you as a new bride comforts my heart.

營營青蠅，止於樊。豈弟君子，無信讒言。

The blue flies buzz about, landing on the hedge. Gentle and joyful gentleman, do not believe slander.

營營青蠅，止於棘。讒人罔極，交亂四國。

The blue flies buzz about, landing on the jujube trees. The slanderer has no standard, and in turn throws the four states into disorder.

營營青蠅，止於榛。讒人罔極，構我二人。

The blue flies buzz about, landing on the hazel trees. The slanderer has no standard, and has framed the two of us.

賓之初筵，左右秩秩。籩豆有楚，殽核維旅。酒既和旨，飲酒孔偕。

When the guests have just taken their seats, those left and right are orderly. The bamboo and wooden dishes are neat and tidy, and the meat and fruit are laid out. The wine is already mild and fine, and the drinking is orderly.

鐘鼓既設，舉酬逸逸。大侯既抗，弓矢斯張。射夫既同，獻爾發功。

The bells and drums are set out, the toasts rise in order. The great target is raised, and the bows and arrows are drawn. The archers have come together; present the merit of your shots.

發彼有的，以祈爾爵。

Hit that bull's-eye, and seek your cup of wine.

籥舞笙鼓，樂既和奏。烝衎烈祖，以洽百禮。百禮既至，有壬有林。

The flute dances, and the sheng and drums, the music is already played in harmony. Present music to the meritorious ancestors, to go with the hundred rites. The hundred rites have arrived, great and abundant.

錫爾純嘏，子孫其湛。其湛曰樂，各奏爾能。賓載手仇，室人入又。

They give you great blessings, and your descendants are drunk with joy. Drunk and saying they are happy, each presents his talent. The guests then choose their own opponents, and the host goes in and comes out again.

酌彼康爵，以奏爾時。

Fill that great cup, to present your timely shot.

賓之初筵，溫溫其恭。其未醉止，威儀反反。曰既醉止，威儀幡幡。

When the guests have just taken their seats, they are gentle and respectful. Before they are drunk, their dignity is careful and repeated. When they say they are drunk, their dignity turns flighty and light.

舍其坐遷，屢舞仙仙。其未醉止，威儀抑抑。曰既醉止，威儀抑抑。

They leave their seats and move about, and dance again and again with fluttering steps. Before they are drunk, their dignity is composed and careful. When they say they are drunk, their dignity is still composed.

是曰既醉，不知其秩。

This is to say that they are drunk, and do not know the order.

賓既醉止，載號載呶。亂我籩豆，屢舞僛僛。是曰既醉，不知其郵。

The guests are already drunk, and shout and clamor. They disturb my dishes, and dance again and again, tilting and swaying. This is to say that they are drunk, and do not know their faults.

側弁之俄，屢舞傞傞。既醉而出，並受其福。醉而不出，是謂伐德。

The leather caps are askew, and they dance on and on without stopping. If one who is drunk goes out, all share his blessing. If one who is drunk does not go out, this is called ruining virtue.

飲酒孔嘉，維其令儀。

Drinking is good, only if there is good deportment.

凡此飲酒，或醉或否。既立之監，或佐之史。彼醉不臧，不醉反恥。

In all this drinking, some get drunk and some do not. A supervisor has been set up, perhaps assisted by a scribe. Those who are drunk are not good, and those who are not drunk are instead ashamed.

式勿從謂，無俾大怠。匪言勿言，匪由勿語。由醉之言，俾出童羖。

Do not follow and urge more drink, and do not make him too negligent. Do not say what should not be said, and do not speak what is not in accord with reason. Following the drunken talk, he will bring out a hornless ram.

三爵不識，矧敢多又。

After three cups he no longer knows anyone, so how dare one urge him on further.

魚在在藻，有頒其首。王在在鎬，豈樂飲酒。

The fish are in the pondweed, their heads big and broad. The king is at Haojing, joyfully drinking.

魚在在藻，有莘其尾。王在在鎬，飲酒樂豈。

The fish are in the pondweed, their tails long and lovely. The king is at Haojing, drinking in joy.

魚在在藻，依於其蒲。王在在鎬，有那其居。

The fish are in the pondweed, resting by the rushes. The king is at Haojing, his dwelling so peaceful and at ease.

采菽采菽，筐之莒之。君子來朝，何錫予之？雖無予之？路車乘馬。又何予之？玄袞及黼。

Gather the beans, gather the beans, with baskets round and square. The gentleman comes to court; what shall we give him? Though we have nothing to give him, we give a great carriage and the horses that draw it. What more do we give him? A dark ceremonial robe and an embroidered lower garment.

觱沸檻泉，言採其芹。君子來朝，言觀其旗。其旗淠淠，鸞聲嘒嘒。載驂載駟，君子所屆。

The bubbling spring flows; we gather the cress. The gentleman comes to court, and we see his banners. The banners flutter, and the phoenix bells chime. Three horses or four horses, where the gentleman arrives.

赤芾在股，邪幅在下。彼交匪紓，天子所予。樂只君子，天子命之。樂只君子，福祿申之。

The red knee-cover is on his thighs, the leg wrappings below his calves. In dealings he is not careless, and it is bestowed by the Son of Heaven. The joyful gentleman, the Son of Heaven appoints him. The joyful gentleman, blessings and rank are given to him again and again.

維柞之枝，其葉蓬蓬。樂只君子，殿天子之邦。樂只君子，萬福攸同。平平左右，亦是率從。

The branches of the oak, the leaves are thick. The joyful gentleman guards the state of the Son of Heaven. The joyful gentleman, ten thousand blessings gather to him. Those left and right are well ordered and, for this reason, obedient.

泛泛楊舟，紼纚維之。樂只君子，天子葵之。樂只君子，福祿膍之。優哉遊哉，亦是戾矣。

The poplar boat drifts, a great rope ties it. The joyful gentleman, the Son of Heaven takes his measure. The joyful gentleman, blessings and rank are given thickly. Leisurely and at ease, they too have come for this.

騂騂角弓，翩其反矣。兄弟婚姻，無胥遠矣。

The horn bow is tightly strung, and when turned over it springs back. Brothers and in-laws, do not be distant from one another.

爾之遠矣，民胥然矣。爾之教矣，民胥效矣。

If you grow distant, the people all do the same. If you instruct them, the people all imitate.

此令兄弟，綽綽有裕。不令兄弟，交相為愈。

These good brothers have ample to spare. The bad brothers harm each other in turn.

民之無良，相怨一方。受爵不讓，至於已斯亡。

The people are not good, and resent each other in one quarter. They accept rank without yielding, and so they perish by their own act.

老馬反為駒，不顧其後。如食宜饇，如酌孔取。

The old horse is treated as a colt, with no thought for what comes after. Like eating one must be full, like pouring wine one takes a great deal.

毋教猱升木，如塗塗附。君子有徽猷，小人與屬。

Do not teach a monkey to climb trees, like plastering mud on top of mud. The gentleman has fine plans, and petty people attach themselves to him.

雨雪瀌瀌，見晛曰消。莫肯下遺，式居婁驕。

The rain and snow fall thickly, and at the sight of the sun they say it has melted. They are unwilling to humble themselves and yield, but settle down and are arrogant again and again.

雨雪浮浮，見晛曰流。如蠻如髦，我是用憂。

The rain and snow fall in flakes, and at the sight of the sun they say it has flowed away. Like the Man and the Mao tribes, I grieve because of this.

有菀者柳，不尚息焉。上帝甚蹈，無自暱焉。俾予靖之，後予極焉。

The willow is lush, and still you do not want to rest beneath it. The Lord on High is greatly changeable; do not draw near of yourself. Though I had settled him, afterward he treated me as extreme.

有菀者柳，不尚愒焉。上帝甚蹈，無自瘵焉。俾予靖之，後予邁焉。

The willow is lush, and still you do not want to take shelter beneath it. The Lord on High is greatly changeable; do not bring sickness on yourself. Though I had settled him, afterward he sent me far away.

有鳥高飛，亦傅於天。彼人之心，於何其臻。曷予靖之，居以兇矜。

A bird flies high, reaching up to heaven. That man's heart, where has it gone? Why did I settle him, only to be placed in danger and fear?

彼都人士，狐裘黃黃。其容不改，出言有章。行歸於周，萬民所望。

The men of that capital wore fox furs, yellow and bright. Their bearing did not change, and their speech had grace. About to return to Zhou, they were what the myriad people looked up to.

彼都人士，臺笠緇撮。彼君子女，綢直如發。我不見兮，我心不說。

The men of that capital wore sedge hats and black cloth caps. The daughters of those gentlemen had hair thick and straight. I cannot see them, and my heart is not glad.

彼都人士，充耳琇實。彼君子女，謂之尹吉。我不見兮，我心苑結。

The men of that capital had ear-plugs filled with fine jade. The daughters of those gentlemen were called Yin and Ji. I cannot see them, and my heart is knotted.

彼都人士，垂帶而厲。彼君子女，捲髮如蠆。我不見兮，言從之邁。

The men of that capital had belts hanging with trailing ends. The daughters of those gentlemen had curled hair like a scorpion's tail. I cannot see them, and they are said to follow others far away.

匪伊垂之，帶則有餘。匪伊卷之，發則有旟。我不見兮，云何盱矣。

They did not let them hang on purpose; the belt just had length to spare. They did not curl it on purpose; the hair just turned up. I cannot see them; what can I do, how can I not grieve.

終朝采綠，不盈一匊。予發曲局，薄言歸沐。

All morning I gather the king-grass, and I cannot fill a handful. My hair is curled and tangled, so I go home to wash it.

終朝採藍，不盈一襜。五日為期，六日不詹。

All morning I gather the indigo, and I cannot fill my lap. We agreed on five days, and at six days I still do not see him.

之子於狩，言韔其弓。之子於釣，言綸之繩。

If this man goes hunting, I will put the bow in its case. If this man goes fishing, I will put the fishing line in order.

其釣維何？維魴及鱮。維魴及鱮，薄言觀者。

What is he fishing for? Bream and tench. When it is bream and tench, then I will go and look.

芃芃黍苗，陰雨膏之。悠悠南行，召伯勞之。

The millet seedlings are lush and thick, and the rain moistens them. Far away goes the journey south, and the Lord of Shao comforts them.

我任我輦，我車我牛。我行既集，蓋雲歸哉。

I carry loads, I pull carts, I drive carriages, I drive oxen. My journey is done, and surely it is time to return.

我徒我御，我師我旅。我行既集，蓋雲歸處。

I go on foot, I drive chariots, I am in the division, I am in the brigade. My journey is done, and surely it is time to return and rest.

肅肅謝功，召伯營之。烈烈徵師，召伯成之。

Solemn is the work at Xie city, which the Lord of Shao laid out. Mighty were the marching armies, and the Lord of Shao accomplished it.

原隰既平，泉流既清。召伯有成，王心則寧。

The plains and lowlands have been put in order, and the springs are clear. The Lord of Shao has his achievement, and the king's heart is at peace.

隰桑有阿，其葉有難。既見君子，其樂如何。

The mulberries in the lowland are graceful and tender, their leaves lush. Having seen the gentleman, how great is my joy.

隰桑有阿，其葉有沃。既見君子，云何不樂。

The mulberries in the lowland are graceful and tender, their leaves glossy and moist. Having seen the gentleman, how could I not be glad.

隰桑有阿，其葉有幽。既見君子，德音孔膠。

The mulberries in the lowland are graceful and tender, their leaves dark and deep. Having seen the gentleman, his good words are firmly fixed.

心乎愛矣，遐不謂矣？中心藏之，何日忘之！

My heart loves him; why do I not say so? I hold it in my heart; what day shall I forget it!

白華菅兮，白茅束兮。之子之遠，俾我獨兮。

The white flowers are rush, and the white thatch binds them. This man has gone far away, and leaves me alone.

英英白云，露彼菅茅。天步艱難，之子不猶。

Bright white clouds, the dew wets the rush and thatch. The steps of heaven are hard, and this man cannot be compared.

滮池北流，浸彼稻田。嘯歌傷懷，念彼碩人。

The Biao pool flows north, soaking those rice fields. I whistle and sing in sorrow, thinking of that tall man.

樵彼桑薪，卬烘於煁。維彼碩人，實勞我心。

I cut those mulberry branches and dry them over the stove. That tall man truly toils my heart.

鼓鍾於宮，聲聞於外。念子懆懆，視我邁邁。

A bell is struck in the palace, and the sound is heard outside. I think of you and am restless; you look at me and are displeased.

有鶖在梁，有鶴在林。維彼碩人，實勞我心。

There is a marabou on the fish weir, and a crane in the forest. That tall man truly toils my heart.

鴛鴦在梁，戢其左翼。之子無良，二三其德。

The mandarin ducks are on the fish weir, with their left wing tucked in. This man is not good, and is of two minds.

有扁斯石，履之卑兮。之子之遠，俾我疧兮。

There is a flat stone, and treading on it one feels it is low. This man has gone far away, and makes me ill.

綿蠻黃鳥，止於丘阿。道之雲遠，我勞如何。飲之食之，教之誨之。命彼後車，謂之載之。

The yellow bird, mian man, rests on the hill's bend. The road is so far, how weary I am. Give him drink, give him food, teach him and instruct him. Command the spare carriage, and have it carry him.

綿蠻黃鳥，止於丘隅。豈敢憚行，畏不能趨。飲之食之。教之誨之。命彼後車，謂之載之。

The yellow bird, mian man, rests at the hill's corner. How dare I fear the road; I fear only that I cannot go fast. Give him drink, give him food. Teach him and instruct him. Command the spare carriage, and have it carry him.

綿蠻黃鳥，止於丘側。豈敢憚行，畏不能極。飲之食之，教之誨之。命彼後車，謂之載之。

The yellow bird, mian man, rests at the hill's side. How dare I fear the road; I fear only that I cannot arrive. Give him drink, give him food, teach him and instruct him. Command the spare carriage, and have it carry him.

幡幡瓠葉，採之亨之。君子有酒，酌言嘗之。

The gourd leaves flutter; pick them and boil them. The gentleman has wine; pour it and taste it.

有兔斯首，炮之燔之。君子有酒，酌言獻之。

There is a hare's head like this; wrap it and roast it, broil it. The gentleman has wine; pour it and offer it.

有兔斯首，燔之炙之。君子有酒，酌言酢之。

There is a hare's head like this; broil it and roast it. The gentleman has wine; pour it and return the toast.

有兔斯首，燔之炮之。君子有酒，酌言酬之。

There is a hare's head like this; broil it and wrap and roast it. The gentleman has wine; pour it and answer the toast.

漸漸之石，維其高矣。山川悠遠，維其勞矣。武人東征，不遑朝矣。

The stones rise higher and higher, only because they are high. The mountains and rivers stretch far, only because the toil is great. The warriors march east, and have no leisure to wait for morning.

漸漸之石，維其卒矣。山川悠遠，曷其沒矣？武人東征，不遑出矣。

The stones rise higher and higher, only because they are steep. The mountains and rivers stretch far; when will they come to an end? The warriors march east, and have no leisure to go out.

有豕白蹢，烝涉波矣。月離於畢，俾滂沱矣。武人東征，不皇他矣。

There are pigs with white hooves, long wading through the waves. The moon is near the Bi stars, and brings heavy rain. The warriors march east, and have no leisure to attend to anything else.

苕之華，芸其黃矣。心之憂矣，維其傷矣！

The trumpet-creeper flowers are yellow and bright. The grief in my heart, it is because it is so painful!

苕之華，其葉青青。知我如此，不如無生！

The trumpet-creeper flowers, the leaves are green. If I had known I would be like this, it would have been better not to have been born!

牂羊墳首，三星在罶。人可以食，鮮可以飽！

The ewe has a big head, and the three stars shine on the fish trap. People may eat, but seldom is there enough to be full!

何草不黃？何日不行？何人不將？經營四方。

What plant is not yellow? What day do we not march? What man is not on service? We tend to the four quarters.

何草不玄？何人不矜？哀我征夫，獨為匪民。

What plant is not black? What man is not alone? Pity us marching men, alone and not counted as people.

匪兕匪虎，率彼曠野。哀我征夫，朝夕不暇。

We are neither rhinoceroses nor tigers, yet we go along that wild plain. Pity us marching men, with no leisure morning or evening.

有芃者狐，率彼幽草。有棧之車，行彼周道。

There are shaggy foxes, going along the deep grass. There are tall wicker carriages, going along the great road.

文王在上，於昭於天。周雖舊邦，其命維新。有周不顯，帝命不時。文王陟降，在帝左右。

King Wen is on high, shining in heaven. Though Zhou is an old state, its mandate is new. Is Zhou not glorious, is the Lord's command not timely? King Wen ascends and descends, at the left and right of the Lord on High.

亹亹文王，令聞不已。陳錫哉周，侯文王孫子。文王孫子，本支百世，凡周之士，不顯亦世。

Tireless King Wen, his good name will not cease. His bounty is bestowed on the state of Zhou, to the descendants of King Wen. The descendants of King Wen, in main line and branches for a hundred generations, all the gentlemen of Zhou, are they not glorious in every generation too?

世之不顯，厥猶翼翼。思皇多士，生此王國。王國克生，維周之楨；濟濟多士，文王以寧。

Is it not glorious in every generation, their plans careful and cautious. Think of those many splendid gentlemen, born in this kingdom. That the kingdom can bring them forth is the backbone of Zhou; so many gentlemen, and King Wen is at peace through them.

穆穆文王，於緝熙敬止。假哉天命。有商孫子。商之孫子，其麗不億。上帝既命，侯於周服。

Solemn King Wen, bright and radiant in reverence. Great is the mandate of Heaven. There are the descendants of Shang. The descendants of Shang, their number is more than a hundred thousand. The Lord on High has already commanded them to submit to Zhou.

侯服於周，天命靡常。殷士膚敏。裸將於京。厥作裸將，常服黼冔。王之藎臣。無念爾祖。

They submit to Zhou, for the mandate of Heaven is not constant. The gentlemen of Yin are fine and quick. In the capital they perform the libation offering. As they perform the libation, they still wear the embroidered robe and Yin cap. The king's ministers, do not fail to think of your ancestors.

無念爾祖，聿修厥德。永言配命，自求多福。殷之未喪師，克配上帝。宜鑑於殷，駿命不易！

Do not fail to think of your ancestors, and cultivate your virtue. Forever accord with the mandate, and seek many blessings for yourselves. When Yin had not yet lost the multitude, it could match the Lord on High. Take Yin as a mirror; the great mandate is not easy!

命之不易，無遏爾躬。宣昭義問，有虞殷自天。上天之載，無聲無臭。儀刑文王，萬邦作孚。

The mandate of Heaven is not easy; do not let it end in you. Make good name known, and consider that Yin's rise and fall came from Heaven. The affairs of High Heaven have no sound and no smell. Model yourselves on King Wen, and the ten thousand states will be trustworthy.

明明在下，赫赫在上。天難忱斯，不易維王。天位殷適，使不挾四方。

Bright below, glorious above. Heaven is hard to trust, and it is not easy to be king. The throne of Heaven was by right the heir of Yin, yet it was made so that he could not hold the four quarters.

摯仲氏任，自彼殷商，來嫁於周，曰嬪於京。乃及王季，維德之行。

The lady Ren, second daughter of the state of Zhi, came from that Yin Shang to marry into Zhou, to be a wife in the capital. Then with King Ji she practiced only virtuous deeds.

大任有身，生此文王。維此文王，小心翼翼。昭事上帝，聿懷多福。厥德不回，以受方國。

Da Ren became pregnant and bore this King Wen. This King Wen was careful and cautious. He served the Lord on High brightly, and so he brought many blessings. His virtue was without crookedness, and so he received the states of the four quarters.

天監在下，有命既集。文王初載，天作之合。在洽之陽，在渭之涘。

Heaven watched from above, and the mandate had already gathered. In the early years of King Wen, Heaven made a match for him. On the north bank of the Qia, on the banks of the Wei.

文王嘉止，大邦有子。大邦有子，俔天之妹。文定厥祥，親迎於渭。造舟為梁，不顯其光。

King Wen praised her: the great state has a daughter. The great state has a daughter, like the younger sister of Heaven. The betrothal gifts fixed the auspicious sign, and he went in person to meet her at the Wei. He joined boats to make a bridge, and was it not a glorious display?

有命自天，命此文王。於周於京，纘女維莘。長子維行，篤生武王。保右命爾，燮伐大商。

There was a mandate from Heaven, commanding this King Wen. In Zhou, in the capital, he next married a daughter of the Shen state. The eldest son thus came forth, and she bore King Wu solidly. Heaven protected and commanded you, and in harmony you attacked great Shang.

殷商之旅，其會如林。矢於牧野，維予侯興。上帝臨女，無二爾心。

The armies of Yin Shang assembled like a forest. They drew up their ranks in the wilds of Mu, and only our Zhou arose. The Lord on High looks down on you; do not have two minds.

牧野洋洋，檀車煌煌，駟騵彭彭。維師尚父，時維鷹揚。涼彼武王，四伐大商，會朝清明。

The wilds of Mu are vast and wide, the sandalwood chariots bright and shining, the four red-bodied, white-bellied horses mighty. The Grand Preceptor Shang Fu was like a hawk soaring then. He assisted King Wu and attacked great Shang, and the assembled court was clear and bright.

綿綿瓜瓞。民之初生，自土沮漆。古公亶父，陶復陶冗，未有家室。

The great and small melons trail on and on. When the people first were born, from the Du River to the Qi River. (The base text has "tu" where "du" is meant.) Gugong Danfu dug kilns and caves, (the base text has "rong" where "xue", cave, is meant), and they had no houses yet.

古公亶父，來朝走馬。率西水滸，至於岐下。爰及姜女，聿來胥宇。

Gugong Danfu came galloping his horse at dawn. Along the west riverbank, he reached the foot of Mount Qi. Then with the lady Jiang, he came to look over a place to live.

周原膴膴，堇荼如飴。爰始爰謀，爰契我龜，曰止曰時，築室於茲。

The plain of Zhou is fertile and rich, and the violets and bitter herbs are sweet as malt sugar. Then he began, then he planned, then he burned my tortoise shell, saying to stay, saying it was timely, and here to build houses.

乃慰乃止，乃左乃右，乃疆乃理，乃宣乃畝。自西徂東，周爰執事。

Then he comforted them, then they settled; then to the left, then to the right; then they marked boundaries, then they managed them; then they opened ditches, then they plowed the fields. From west to east, there was work everywhere.

乃召司空，乃召司徒，俾立室家。其繩則直，縮版以載，作廟翼翼。

Then he called the Minister of Works, then he called the Minister of the Multitude, and had them build the houses. The cords were straight, they bound the boards and pounded the walls, and the temple was built, reverent and fine.

捄之陾陾，度之薨薨，築之登登，削屢馮馮。百堵皆興，鼛鼓弗勝。

They heaped the earth, reng reng, many; they threw the earth, hong hong, with sound; they pounded, deng deng, and shaved the wall, feng feng. A hundred walls were raised together, and the great drum could not drown them out.

乃立皋門，皋門有伉。乃立應門，應門將將。乃立冢土，戎醜攸行。

Then they set up the Gao Gate, and the Gao Gate was high and grand. Then they set up the Ying Gate, and the Ying Gate was stern and upright. Then they set up the great altar, and the multitude went out from there.

四不殄厥慍，亦不隕厥問。柞棫拔矣，行道兌矣。混夷駾矣，維其喙矣！

He did not wipe out his anger, nor let his name fall. (The base text has "si", four, where "si", therefore, is meant.) The oak and the thorn were pulled out, and the roads were opened. The Hun barbarians fled, and could only gasp for breath!

虞芮質厥成，文王蹶厥生。予曰有疏附，予曰有先後。予曰有奔奏，予曰有禦侮！

Yu and Rui settled their lawsuit by appeal, and King Wen moved their natures. I say there were those who came to be attached to him, I say there were those who assisted in front and behind. I say there were those who ran about in his service, I say there were those who defended against insult!

芃芃棫樸，薪之槱之。濟濟闢王，左右趣之。

The oak and bush grow thick and lush, and are heaped up as firewood. The splendid king, left and right they hasten to him.

濟濟闢王，左右奉璋。奉璋峨峨，髦士攸宜。

The splendid king, left and right hold up the jade tablets. They hold up the tablets with dignity, suited to outstanding gentlemen.

淠彼涇舟，烝徒楫之。周王於邁，六師及之。

The boats on the Jing River glide on, and the crowds row them. When the king of Zhou goes forth, the six armies follow him.

倬彼雲漢，為章於天。周王壽考，遐不作人？

The vast Milky Way is the pattern of heaven. The king of Zhou lives long; does he not cultivate men of talent?

追琢其章，金玉其相。勉勉我王，綱紀四方。

Carved and polished is his pattern, with gold and jade as his substance. Our tireless king sets in order the four quarters.

瞻彼旱麓，榛楛濟濟。豈弟君子，干祿豈弟。

Looking at the foot of Mount Han, the hazel and thorn grow thick and many. The joyful gentleman seeks his rank and is joyful.

瑟彼玉瓚，黃流在中。豈弟君子，福祿攸降。

Clean and bright is the jade ladle, and the yellow wine flows in it. The joyful gentleman, blessings and rank are sent down.

鳶飛戾天，魚躍於淵。豈弟君子，遐不作人？

The kite flies up to heaven, the fish leap in the deep. The joyful gentleman, does he not cultivate men of talent?

清酒既載，騂牡既備。以享以祀，以介景福。

The clear wine has been set out, the red bull is ready. They are used to offer in sacrifice, to seek great blessings.

瑟彼柞棫，民所燎矣。豈弟君子，神所勞矣。

The oak and thorn are thick and many, and the people have burned them. The joyful gentleman, the spirits have comforted him.

莫莫葛藟，施於條枚。豈弟君子，求福不回。

The kudzu vines are dense and thick, creeping onto the branches. The joyful gentleman seeks blessings without crookedness.

思齊大任，文王之母，思媚周姜，京室之婦。大姒嗣徽音，則百斯男。

The reverent and grave Da Ren, was the mother of King Wen; the gracious Zhou Jiang was the wife in the royal house. Da Si carried on her good name, and so had a hundred sons.

惠於宗公，神罔時怨，神罔時恫。刑于寡妻，至於兄弟，以御於家邦。

She followed the ancestral temple of the former dukes, and the spirits had no moment of resentment, the spirits had no moment of pain. She was a model to her principal wife, and extended it to her brothers, to govern the family and state.

雍雍在宮，肅肅在廟。不顯亦臨，無射亦保。

In the palace she was harmonious and gentle, in the temple she was solemn and reverent. Though unseen she was watchful, though not wearied she preserved.

四戎疾不殄，烈假不瑕。不聞亦式，不諫亦入。四成人有德，小子有造。古之人無斁，譽髦斯士。

The blight of the Western Rong was not wiped out, (the base text has "si", four, where "si", therefore, is meant) and the fierce great sickness did not stop. What was not heard was still in accord with the law, what was not admonished still entered into good. Grown men had virtue (the base text has "si" for "si" again), and the young had accomplishment. The men of old were not weary, and praised these outstanding gentlemen.

皇矣上帝，臨下有赫。監觀四方，求民之莫。維此二國，其政不獲。

Great is the Lord on High, who looks down in majesty. He surveys the four quarters, seeking the people's peace. These two states, their government did not win hearts.

維彼四國，爰究爰度。上帝耆之，憎其式廓。乃眷西顧，此維與宅。

Those four states, then he investigated and measured. The Lord on High hated it, hated its scale. Then he looked kindly on the west, and only here gave them a dwelling.

作之屏之，其菑其翳。修之平之，其灌其栵。啟之闢之，其檉其椐。

Cut it down, clear it away, the ones standing dead, the ones fallen dead. Trim it, level it, the shrubs and the rows of trees. Open it, clear it, the tamarisk and the spirit-longevity tree.

攘之剔之，其檿其柘。帝遷明德，串夷載路。天立厥配，受命既固。

Clear it away, weed it out, the mountain mulberry and the cudrania. The Lord made allowances for one of bright virtue, and the Chuan barbarians were exhausted on the road. Heaven set up his match, and the mandate received was already firm.

帝省其山，柞棫斯拔，松柏斯兌。帝作邦作對，自大伯王季。維此王季，

The Lord inspected those mountains, and the oak and thorn were pulled out, and the pines and cypresses grew straight. The Lord established the state and established the match, from Tai Bo to King Ji. This King Ji,

因心則友。則友其兄，則篤其慶，載錫之光。受祿無喪，奄有四方。

was friendly from the heart. Then he was friendly to his elder brother, then he added to his blessing, then he was given glory. He received rank without losing it, and covered and held the four quarters.

維此王季，帝度其心。貊其德音，其德克明。克明克類，克長克君。

This King Ji, the Lord measured his heart. He settled his good name, and his virtue was able to discern. Able to discern, able to distinguish the good kind, able to be an elder and able to be a ruler.

王此大邦，克順克比。比於文王，其德靡悔。既受帝祉，施於孫子。

As king of this great state, he was able to be in harmony and able to draw people close. Drawing close to King Wen, his virtue had no regret. Having already received the Lord's blessing, it extended to his descendants.

帝謂文王：無然畔援，無然歆羨，誕先登於岸。密人不恭，敢距大邦，

The Lord said to King Wen: do not be so overbearing, do not be so covetous, but first climb to the high bank. The people of Mi were disrespectful, and dared to resist the great state,

侵阮徂共。王赫斯怒，爰整其旅，以按徂旅。以篤於周祜，以對於天下。

invading the land of Ruan and going to Gong. The king flared up in anger, and then drilled his army to stop the army going to Ju. To increase Zhou's blessing, and to answer the world.

依其在京，侵自阮疆。陟我高岡，無矢我陵。我陵我阿，無飲我泉，

Relying on his position in the capital, he advanced from the Ruan border. Climb my high ridge, and do not draw up your troops on my hills. My hills, my slopes, do not drink my spring water,

我泉我池。度其鮮原，居岐之陽，在渭之將。萬邦之方，下民之王。

my spring and my pond. He measured the small hills and plains, and settled south of Mount Qi, on the banks of the Wei. He is the model of the ten thousand states, the king of the people below.

帝謂文王：予懷明德，不大聲以色，不長夏以革。不識不知，順帝之則。

The Lord said to King Wen: I cherish bright virtue, which does not raise its voice or show anger, and does not long use the rod and switch. Without knowing and without being aware, he follows the Lord's rule.

帝謂文王：訽爾仇方，同爾弟兄。以爾鉤援，與爾臨沖，以伐崇墉。

The Lord said to King Wen: consult your friendly states, and join your brothers. With your hooks and ladders, and your lookout towers and battering carriages, attack the walls of Chong.

臨沖閒閒，崇墉言言。執訊連連，攸馘安安。是類是禡，是致是附，

The lookout towers and battering carriages are calm and unhurried, the walls of Chong are high and grand. They seize spies one after another, the left ears taken are calmly counted. Then they perform the lei sacrifice and the ma sacrifice, then they call in and soothe,

四方以無侮。臨沖茀茀，崇墉仡仡。是伐是四，是絕是忽。四方以無拂。

and so the four quarters are not insulted. The lookout towers and battering carriages are strong and vigorous, the walls of Chong towering. Then they attack, then they put in order, (the base text has "si", four, where "si", then, is meant) then they wipe out, then they destroy. So the four quarters are not defiant.

經始靈臺，經之營之。庶民攻之，不日成之。經始勿亟，庶民子來。

They began to build the Spirit Terrace, measuring it and laying it out. The common people worked at it, and in less than a day it was done. At the start he said not to hurry, but the common people came like sons.

王在靈囿，麀鹿攸伏。麀鹿濯濯，白鳥翯翯。王在靈沼，於牣魚躍。

The king was in the Spirit Park, where the doe lay down. The does were sleek and glossy, and the white birds were pure white. The king was at the Spirit Pond, and the pond was full of leaping fish.

虡業維樅，賁鼓維鏞。於論鼓鍾，於樂辟雍。

The bell frames have their tall teeth, the great drums and great bells. Then they strike the bells in order, and are joyful at the Biyong.

於論鼓鍾，於樂辟雍。鼉鼓逢逢。矇瞍奏公。

Then they strike the bells in order, and are joyful at the Biyong. The crocodile-skin drums boom. The blind musicians perform public service.

下武維周，世有哲王。三後在天，王配於京。

The one who continued the martial achievement of the former kings was Zhou, and generation after generation had wise kings. The Three Kings are in heaven, and the king is their match in the capital.

王配於京，世德作求。永言配命，成王之孚。

The king is their match in the capital, and the virtue of generations is what he pursues. Forever matching the mandate, he completes the king's trustworthiness.

成王之孚，下土之式。永言孝思，孝思維則。

He completes the king's trustworthiness, and is the model for the lands below. Forever thinking of filial piety, filial piety is the rule.

媚茲一人，應侯順德。永言孝思，昭哉嗣服。

Loving this one man, he should be able to accord with virtue. Forever thinking of filial piety, how bright it is to continue his ancestors' work.

昭茲來許，繩其祖武。於萬斯年，受天之祜。

Brightly he continues the later appointments, following in the footsteps of his ancestors. For ten thousand years, he receives Heaven's blessing.

受天之祜，四方來賀。於萬斯年，不遐有佐。

He receives Heaven's blessing, and the four quarters come to congratulate him. For ten thousand years, how could he lack assistants.

文王有聲，遹駿有聲。遹求厥寧，遹觀厥成。文王烝哉！

King Wen had fame, and so he had great fame. Then he sought peace, then he saw success. How splendid was King Wen!

文王受命，有此武功。既伐於崇，作邑於豐。文王烝哉！

King Wen received the mandate, and had these martial achievements. He had attacked the state of Chong and made a city at Feng. How splendid was King Wen!

築城伊淢，作豐伊匹。匪棘其欲，遹追來孝。王后烝哉！

He built walls with a moat, and made the city of Feng to match. It was not to hurry his own desires, but to follow in filial devotion to his forebears. How splendid was the king!

王公伊濯，維豐之垣。四方攸同，王后維翰。王后烝哉！

The king's merit was so manifest, as the walls of Feng. Where the four quarters assemble, the king is the backbone. How splendid was the king!

豐水東注，維禹之績。四方攸同，皇王維闢。皇王烝哉！

The Feng River flows east, which was Yu's achievement. Where the four quarters assemble, the august king is their lord. How splendid was the august king!

鎬京辟雍，自西自東，自南自北，無思不服。皇王烝哉！

At Haojing there was the Biyong, from west to east, from south to north, none thought of coming and did not submit. How splendid was the august king!

考卜維王，宅是鎬京。維龜正之，武王成之。武王烝哉！

The one who divined was the king, and he settled in this Haojing. The tortoise shell determined it, and King Wu completed it. How splendid was King Wu!

豐水有芑，武王豈不仕？詒厥孫謀，以燕翼子。武王烝哉！

The Feng River has its millet; how could King Wu not do his work? He left plans for his descendants, to make secure and shelter his sons. How splendid was King Wu!

厥初生民，時維姜嫄。生民如何？克禋克祀，以弗無子。

At the very first when the people were born, it was Jiang Yuan. How did she bear the people? She was able to perform the pure sacrifice, to remove childlessness.

履帝武敏歆，攸介攸止，載震載夙。載生載育，時維后稷。

She trod on the toe of the Lord's footprint and was moved with joy, then she grew large, then she rested, then she conceived, then she was reverent. Then she gave birth, then she raised him, and this was Hou Ji.

誕彌厥月，先生如達。不拆不副，無菑無害。以赫厥靈。

Her pregnancy was full term, and the first birth was easy as a lamb's. It did not tear or split, and there was no harm. To show forth that spirit.

上帝不寧，不康禋祀，居然生子。

The Lord on High was not at peace, and was not pleased with the sacrifice, yet she bore a son.

誕寘之隘巷，牛羊腓字之。誕寘之平林，會伐平林。

Then they placed him in a narrow lane, and oxen and sheep sheltered and suckled him. Then they placed him in a level forest, and just then it was being cut.

誕寘之寒冰，鳥覆翼之。鳥乃去矣，后稷呱矣。

Then they placed him on cold ice, and birds covered him with their wings. When the birds left, Hou Ji cried out.

實覃實訏，厥聲載路。誕實匍匐，克岐克嶷。以就口食。

Truly he grew long, truly he grew large, and his voice filled the road. Then truly he could crawl, and could understand and distinguish. He went and sought food for his mouth.

蓺之荏菽，荏菽旆旆。禾役穟穟，麻麥幪幪，瓜瓞唪唪。

He planted the beans, and the bean plants waved and rose. The grain ears hung down heavily, the hemp and wheat were thick and lush, and the great and small melons were abundant.

誕后稷之穡，有相之道。茀厥豐草，種之黃茂。實方實苞，實種實褎。

The farming of Hou Ji had a method of assistance. He removed the thick weeds and sowed the yellow, fine good grain. Truly it sprouted, truly it budded, truly it grew shoots, truly it put out stalks.

實發實秀，實堅實好。實穎實栗，即有邰家室。

Truly it tillered, truly it ears, truly it firmed, truly it was fine. Truly it hung its ears, truly it was abundant, and he went to Tai and made a home there.

誕降嘉種，維秬維秠，維穈維芑。恆之秬秠，是獲是畝。

Then he sent down the good seeds: the black millet, the one husk with two kernels, the red sorghum, the white sorghum. He sowed everywhere the black millet and the double-kernel millet, and then harvested and heaped it in the fields.

恆之穈芑，是任是負。以歸肇祀。

He sowed everywhere the red sorghum and the white sorghum, then carried it on shoulder and back. Returning, they began the sacrifice.

誕我祀如何？或舂或揄，或簸或蹂。釋之叟叟，烝之浮浮。

How do we sacrifice? Some pound, some scoop, some winnow, some tread. The washing of rice sounds sou sou, and the steaming of rice rises in puffs of steam.

載謀載惟。取蕭祭脂，取羝以軷，載燔載烈，以興嗣歲。

Then they plan, then they think. They take mugwort and offer fat, take a ram to sacrifice to the road spirit, then burn, then roast, to bring about the coming year.

卬盛於豆，於豆於登。其香始升，上帝居歆。胡臭亶時。

I fill the bean vessels, the bean vessels and the deng vessels. The fragrance begins to rise, and the Lord on High is at ease and enjoys it. That fragrance is truly timely.

后稷肇祀。庶無罪悔，以迄於今。

Hou Ji began the sacrifice. May there be no fault or regret, until this day.

敦彼行葦，牛羊勿踐履。方苞方體，維葉泥泥。

The reeds growing thick by the road, let no oxen or sheep trample them. They are just forming buds, just taking shape, their leaves soft and glossy.

慼慼兄弟，莫遠具爾。或四之筵，或授之幾。

Dear brothers, do not be distant, but all be close. Some spread out the mats, (the base text has "si", four, where "si", spread, is meant) and some hand over the stools.

四筵設席，授幾有緝御。或獻或酢，洗爵奠斝。

They spread the mats and set out the seats (the base text has "si" for "si" again), and those who hand over the stools are attended in turn. Some offer, some pledge in return, they wash the cups and set down the jue.

醓醢以薦，或燔或炙。嘉餚脾臄，或歌或咢。

Meat sauce is presented, some roasted and some broiled. The fine dishes are the spleen and the mouth meat, some sing and some only beat the drum.

敦弓既堅，四鍭既均，舍矢既均，序賓以賢。

The carved bows are already firm, and the four metal arrowheads are even; the shooting is even, and the guests are ranked by merit.

敦弓既句，既挾四鍭。四鍭如樹，序賓以不侮。

The carved bows are already drawn full, and they hold four metal-tipped arrows. The four metal arrowheads stand like a tree, and the guests are ranked by non-arrogance.

曾孫維主，酒醴維醽，酌以大斗，以祈黃耇。

The great-grandson is the host, the wine is clear wine, poured from a great dipper, to seek long life of the yellow-haired.

黃耇臺背，以引以翼。壽考維祺，以介景福。

With yellow hair and a back like a sea bream's, they lead and assist. Long life is good fortune, and seeks great blessings.

既醉以酒，既飽以德。君子萬年，介爾景福。

Already drunk with wine, already full with virtue. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and be given great blessings.

既醉以酒，爾餚既將。君子萬年，介爾昭明。

Already drunk with wine, your dishes already served. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and be given brightness.

昭明有融，高朗令終，令終有俶。公屍嘉告。

The brightness is warm and glowing, lofty and clear with a good end, and a good end brings a good beginning. The impersonator, fine, makes his announcement.

其告維何？籩豆靜嘉。朋友攸攝，攝以威儀。

What is his announcement? The bamboo and wooden dishes are clean and fine. What friends assist, they assist with dignified bearing.

威儀孔時，君子有孝子。孝子不匱，永錫爾類。

The dignified bearing is very timely, and the gentleman has a filial son. The filial son is not lacking, and forever gives you your kind.

其類維何？室家之壺。君子萬年，永錫祚胤。

What is that kind? It is within the palace of the household. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and forever be given blessing for his heirs.

其胤維何？天被爾祿。君子萬年，景命有僕。

What are those heirs? Heaven covers your rank. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and the great mandate have followers.

其僕維何？釐爾女士。釐爾女士，從以孫子。

What are those followers? They give you women and scholars. They give you women and scholars, and after them come sons and grandsons.

鳧鷖在涇，公屍在燕來寧。爾酒既清，爾餚既馨。公屍燕飲，福祿來成。

The wild ducks and gulls are on the Jing River, and the impersonator feasts in peace. Your wine is clear, your dishes are fragrant. The impersonator feasts, and blessings and rank are accomplished.

鳧鷖在沙，公屍來燕來宜。爾酒既多，爾餚既嘉。公屍燕飲，福祿來為。

The wild ducks and gulls are on the sand, and the impersonator comes to feast in comfort. Your wine is plentiful, your dishes are fine. The impersonator feasts, and blessings and rank are made.

鳧鷖在渚，公屍來燕來處。爾酒既湑，爾餚伊脯。公屍燕飲，福祿來下。

The wild ducks and gulls are on the islet, and the impersonator comes to feast in rest. Your wine is clear, your dish is dried meat. The impersonator feasts, and blessings and rank come down.

鳧鷖在潀，公屍來燕來宗，既燕於宗，福祿攸降。公屍燕飲，福祿來崇。

The wild ducks and gulls are where the waters meet, and the impersonator comes to feast in honor, having feasted in the ancestral hall, where blessings and rank come down. The impersonator feasts, and blessings and rank are heaped up.

鳧鷖在亹，公屍來止熏熏。旨酒欣欣，燔炙芬芬。公屍燕飲，無有後艱。

The wild ducks and gulls are at the gorge, and the impersonator comes, warm and glad. The fine wine is joyful, the roasts are fragrant. The impersonator feasts, and there will be no later hardships.

假樂君子，顯顯令德，宜民宜人。受祿於天，保右命之，自天申之。

The joyful gentleman, of shining virtue, is suited to the people and suited to men. He receives rank from Heaven, who protects and commands him, and gives to him again from Heaven.

千祿百福，子孫千億。穆穆皇皇，宜君宜王。不愆不忘，率由舊章。

A thousand kinds of rank, a hundred kinds of blessing, descendants in the thousands of millions. Solemn and august, he is fit to be a lord and fit to be a king. He makes no error and forgets nothing, and follows the old statutes.

威儀抑抑，德音秩秩。無怨無惡，率由群匹。受福無疆，四方之綱。

His dignity is composed and careful, his good name orderly and clear. He has no resentment and no hatred, and follows the company of his peers. He receives blessing without limit, and is the guide of the four quarters.

之綱之紀，燕及朋友。百辟卿士，媚於天子。不解於位，民之攸塈。

He is the guide and the discipline, and his feasts reach to friends. The hundred lords and ministers love the Son of Heaven. They do not slack in their posts, and are where the people find rest.

篤公劉，匪居匪康。乃埸乃疆，乃積乃倉；乃裹餱糧，於橐於囊。

Sincere Gong Liu was not greedy for ease or comfort. Then he marked the field boundaries, then fixed the borders, then he stored and put in the granaries; then he wrapped dry provisions, in small bags and in large bags.

思輯用光，弓矢斯張；干戈戚揚，爰方啟行。

Thinking of harmony to make it glorious, the bows and arrows were then drawn; shields, spears, axes and battle-axes, then they began the march.

篤公劉，於胥斯原。既庶既繁，既順乃宣，而無永嘆。陟則在巘，

Sincere Gong Liu then looked over the plain. They were already numerous and prosperous, already smooth and open, and there was no long sigh. Going up, they were on a small hill,

復降在原。何以舟之？維玉及瑤，鞞琫容刀。

and coming down again, on the plain. What did he wear at his belt? Jade and yao stone, and a knife with a jade-adorned scabbard.

篤公劉，逝彼百泉。瞻彼溥原，乃陟南岡。乃覯於京，京師之野。

Sincere Gong Liu went to the hundred springs. Looking out at the broad plain, then he climbed the southern ridge. Then he saw the capital site, the wilds of the capital.

於時處處，於時廬旅，於時言言，於時語語。

Here they dwelt, here they lodged, here they spoke, here they conversed.

篤公劉，於京斯依。蹌蹌濟濟，俾筵俾幾。既登乃依，乃造其曹。

Sincere Gong Liu, in the capital then settled. Stately and in full numbers, he had mats set out and stools set out. Having ascended, he leaned on the stool, and then his ministers came.

執豕於牢，酌之用匏。食之飲之，君之宗之。

In the pen they caught a pig, and poured wine with a gourd. He fed them and gave them drink, and became their lord and their chief.

篤公劉，既溥既長。既景乃岡，相其陰陽，觀其流泉。其軍三單，

Sincere Gong Liu, already broad and already long-lasting. He measured the sun's shadow and climbed the ridge, to see the shade and the sun, and to watch the flowing springs. His army was divided into three shifts in turn,

度其隰原。徹田為糧，度其夕陽。豳居允荒。

measuring the lowland plains. He tilled fields for army provisions, and measured the western side of the mountain, the place of the setting sun. The settlement at Bin was truly large.

篤公劉，於豳斯館。涉渭為亂，取厲取鍛，止基乃理。爰眾爰有，

Sincere Gong Liu, in Bin then built a lodge. He crossed the Wei River, took whetstones, took forging stones, and the foundation was then put in order. Then there were many people, then there were goods,

夾其皇澗。溯其過澗。止旅乃密，芮鞫之即。

flanking the Huang stream. Facing the Guo stream. The settlers were then dense, close to the bend of the Rui River.

泂酌彼行潦，挹彼注茲，可以餴饎。豈弟君子，民之父母。

Far off, draw the standing water by the road, draw it from there and pour it here, and it can steam rice. The joyful gentleman is the father and mother of the people.

泂酌彼行潦，挹彼注茲，可以濯罍。豈弟君子，民之攸歸。

Far off, draw the standing water by the road, draw it from there and pour it here, and it can wash the wine jars. The joyful gentleman is the one the people turn to.

泂酌彼行潦，挹彼注茲，可以濯溉。豈弟君子，民之攸墍。

Far off, draw the standing water by the road, draw it from there and pour it here, and it can wash and rinse. The joyful gentleman is where the people find rest.

有卷者阿，飄風自南。豈弟君子，來游來歌，以矢其音。

There is a winding hill, and a whirlwind comes from the south. The joyful gentleman comes to roam and to sing, to set forth his voice.

伴奐爾遊矣，優遊爾休矣。豈弟君子，俾爾彌爾性，似先公酋矣。

You are at leisure and unhurried, you rest at ease. The joyful and harmonious gentleman lets you live out your life to the full, and you accomplish things like the former dukes.

爾土宇昄章，亦孔之厚矣。豈弟君子，俾爾彌爾性，百神爾主矣。

Your lands and territory are broad and thick. The joyful and harmonious gentleman lets you live out your life to the full, and the hundred spirits take you as their lord.

爾受命長矣，茀祿爾康矣。豈弟君子，俾爾彌爾性，純嘏爾常矣。

You have received the mandate for a long time, and blessings and emoluments keep you in health and peace. The joyful and harmonious gentleman lets you live out your life to the full, and great blessing is your constant way.

有馮有翼，有孝有德，以引以翼。豈弟君子，四方為則。

He has support and helpers, he has filial devotion and virtue, to lead and to assist. The joyful and harmonious gentleman is taken as a model by the four quarters.

顒顒卬卬，如圭如璋，令聞令望。豈弟君子，四方為綱。

Solemn and dignified, lofty and full of spirit, like a jade gui, like a jade zhang, with a fine name and fine reputation. The joyful and harmonious gentleman is taken as a guiding principle by the four quarters.

鳳凰于飛，翽翽其羽，亦集爰止。藹藹王多吉士，維君子使，媚於天子。

The phoenix flies, its wings rustling, and it settles where it should settle. The king has many fine gentlemen, who serve only the gentleman and admire the Son of Heaven.

鳳凰于飛，翽翽其羽，亦傅於天。藹藹王多吉人，維君子命，媚於庶人。

The phoenix flies, its wings rustling, and it ascends to the sky. The king has many fine men, who obey only the gentleman's commands and care for the common people.

鳳凰鳴矣，於彼高岡。梧桐生矣，於彼朝陽。菶菶萋萋，雍雍喈喈。

The phoenix cries on that high ridge. The paulownia grows on the sunny side of the hill. It is lush and luxuriant, harmonious and melodious.

君子之車，既庶且多。君子之馬，既閒且馳。矢詩不多，維以遂歌。

The gentleman's carriages are many and numerous. The gentleman's horses are well trained and can gallop. The poem set forth is not long; it is used only to make a song.

民亦勞止，汔可小康。惠此中國，以綏四方。無縱詭隨，以謹無良。

The people are weary; they may perhaps be given a little rest. Be kind to this central realm, to bring peace to the four quarters. Do not indulge the deceitful and their followers, to guard against the wicked.

式遏寇虐，憯不畏明。柔遠能邇，以定我王。

Restrain the plunderers and oppressors, who do not fear the light. Soothe the distant and befriend the near, to steady our king.

民亦勞止，汔可小休。惠此中國，以為民逑。無縱詭隨，以謹惛怓。

The people are weary; they may perhaps be given a little respite. Be kind to this central realm, to be a match for the people. Do not indulge the deceitful and their followers, to guard against confusion and clamor.

式遏寇虐，無俾民憂。無棄爾勞，以為王休。

Restrain the plunderers and oppressors, and do not let the people be troubled. Do not discard your merit, and let it be the king's glory.

民亦勞止，汔可小息。惠此京師，以綏四國。無縱詭隨，以謹罔極。

The people are weary; they may perhaps be given a little rest. Be kind to this capital, to bring peace to the four states. Do not indulge the deceitful and their followers, to guard against lawlessness.

式遏寇虐，無俾作慝。敬慎威儀，以近有德。

Restrain the plunderers and oppressors, and do not let evil be done. Be careful in your dignified bearing, to draw near to people of virtue.

民亦勞止，汔可小愒。惠此中國，俾民憂洩。無縱詭隨，以謹醜厲。

The people are weary; they may perhaps be given a little relief. Be kind to this central realm, so that the people's grief may be released. Do not indulge the deceitful and their followers, to guard against the ugly and violent.

式遏寇虐，無俾正敗。戎雖小子，而式弘大。

Restrain the plunderers and oppressors, and do not let the right way be ruined. Though you are young, your usefulness is great.

民亦勞止，汔可小安。惠此中國，國無有殘。無縱詭隨，以謹繾綣。

The people are weary; they may perhaps be given a little peace. Be kind to this central realm, so that the state has no harm. Do not indulge the deceitful and their followers, to guard against entanglement.

式遏寇虐，無俾正反。王欲玉女，是用大諫。

Restrain the plunderers and oppressors, and do not let the right way be overturned. The king wishes to perfect you like jade, and therefore I remonstrate strongly.

上帝闆闆，下民卒癉。出話不然，為猶不遠。

God above is fickle, and the people below are at last worn out and sick. The words spoken are not right, and the plans made are not far-sighted.

靡聖管管。不實於亶。猶之未遠，是用大諫。

There is no sage, yet you act on your own authority. You are not full of sincerity. Your plans are not far-reaching, and therefore I remonstrate strongly.

天之方難，無然憲憲。天之方蹶，無然洩洩。

Heaven is sending down hardship; do not be so merry. Heaven is sending turmoil; do not talk so much.

辭之輯矣，民之洽矣。辭之懌矣，民之莫矣。

When words are harmonious, the people are in concord. When words are pleasing, the people are at peace.

我雖異事，及爾同僚。我即爾謀，聽我囂囂。

Although our offices differ, I am your colleague. I come to consult with you, but you listen with clamor and do not accept it.

我言維服，勿以為笑。先民有言，詢於芻蕘。

My words are only meant to fit the business at hand; do not take them as a joke. The ancients had a saying: consult the woodcutters.

天之方虐，無然謔謔。老夫灌灌，小子蹻蹻。

Heaven is raging; do not be so frivolous. The old man is earnest, but the young are proud.

匪我言耄，爾用憂謔。多將熇熇，不可救藥。

It is not that my words are the doting of old age; you treat them as an anxious jest. If you do much more, the fire will blaze beyond remedy.

天之方懠。無為夸毗。威儀卒迷，善人載屍。

Heaven is wrathful. Do not be spineless. Dignified bearing is finally in confusion, and the good are like corpses.

民之方殿屎，則莫我敢葵？喪亂蔑資，曾莫惠我師？

The people are groaning, and yet no one dares to take my measure? In the chaos there is no wealth; will you not show kindness to the multitude of us?

天之牖民，如壎如篪，如璋如圭，如取如攜。

Heaven guides the people, like an ocarina and a flute, like a zhang and a gui, like taking and carrying.

攜無曰益，牖民孔易。民之多闢，無自立闢。

Do not speak of adding to what is carried; guiding the people is easy. The people have many perverse ways; do not set up laws of your own.

價人維藩，大師維垣，大邦維屏，大宗維翰，

The good are the fence, the multitude is the wall, the great state is the screen, the great clan is the backbone,

懷德維寧，宗子維城。無俾城壞，無獨斯畏。

Cherishing virtue brings peace, and the heir of the clan is the city wall. Do not let the wall be ruined, and do not be so fearful by yourself.

敬天之怒，無敢戲豫。敬天之渝，無敢馳驅。

I fear the anger of Heaven and dare not play and make merry. I fear the changes of Heaven and dare not indulge in galloping about.

昊天曰明，及爾出王。昊天曰旦，及爾遊衍。

Vast Heaven says it is bright, and goes out and about with you. Vast Heaven says it is dawn, and roams and wanders with you.

蕩蕩上帝，下民之闢。疾威上帝，其命多闢。

The majestic God above is the lord of the people below. The fierce God above, whose decrees are often perverse.

天生烝民，其命匪諶。靡不有初，鮮克有終。

Heaven gives birth to the multitude of people, but its decrees cannot be relied upon. There is none who has no beginning, but few can have an end.

文王曰諮，諮汝殷商。曾是彊禦？曾是掊克？

King Wen said: Alas, alas, you of Yin and Shang. How can you be so violent and oppressive? How can you be so extortionate and exploitative?

曾是在位？曾是在服？天降滔德，女興是力。

How can you hold such positions? How can you hold such offices? Heaven has sent down arrogant virtue, and you stir up such effort.

文王曰諮，諮女殷商。而秉義類，彊禦多懟。

King Wen said: Alas, alas, you of Yin and Shang. You hold on to the good among men, yet the violent and oppressive bring much resentment.

流言以對。寇攘式內。侯作侯祝，靡屆靡究。

They answer with slander. Bandits plunder within. They curse and they pray, without end and without limit.

文王曰諮，諮女殷商。女炰烋於中國。斂怨以為德。

King Wen said: Alas, alas, you of Yin and Shang. You roar within the central realm. You gather resentment and call it virtue.

不明爾德，時無背無側。爾德不明，以無陪無卿。

You do not make your virtue shine, and so you have no support behind and no help at your side. Your virtue does not shine, and so you have no assistants and no ministers.

文王曰諮，諮女殷商。天不湎爾以酒，不義從式。

King Wen said: Alas, alas, you of Yin and Shang. Heaven did not make you drown in wine, but you follow the unrighteous and imitate them.

既衍爾止。靡明靡晦。式號式呼。俾晝作夜。

You have already lost your dignified bearing. You know neither light nor dark. You shout and yell, and turn day into night.

文王曰諮，諮女殷商。如蜩如螗，如沸如羹。

King Wen said: Alas, alas, you of Yin and Shang. Like cicadas and mantises, like boiling water and hot soup.

小大近喪，人尚乎由行。內奰於中國，覃及鬼方。

Small and great are close to ruin, yet people go on the same. Inside there is anger at the central realm, which spreads to the Guifang.

文王曰諮，諮女殷商。匪上帝不時，殷不用舊。

King Wen said: Alas, alas, you of Yin and Shang. It is not that God above does not act in season; it is that Yin does not use the old statutes.

雖無老成人，尚有典刑。曾是莫聽，大命以傾。

Though there are no experienced elders, there are still models and laws. Yet you will not listen in this way, and so the great mandate is overturned.

文王曰諮，諮女殷商。人亦有言：顛沛之揭，

King Wen said: Alas, alas, you of Yin and Shang. People also have a saying: when a tree falls and its roots are lifted up,

枝葉未有害，本實先撥。殷鑑不遠，在夏後之世。

the branches and leaves are not yet harmed, yet the root has been pulled out first. The mirror of Yin is not far off; it lies in the age of the Xia sovereign.

抑抑威儀，維德之隅。人亦有言：靡哲不愚，庶人之愚，亦職維疾。

Dignified and stately bearing is the edge and corner of virtue. People also say: there is no wise man who is not a fool, and the foolishness of ordinary people is only a fault of their station.

哲人之愚，亦維斯戾。無競維人，四方其訓之。有覺德行，四國順之。

The foolishness of a wise man is only this kind of perversity. Nothing compares to having good men; the four quarters take them as teaching. When there is upright virtue, the four states follow it.

訏謨定命，遠猶辰告。敬慎威儀，維民之則。其在於今，興迷亂於政。

Great plans fix the commands, and far-reaching plans are announced in due time. Being careful of dignified bearing is the people's model. But now there arises confusion in government.

顛覆厥德，荒湛於酒。女雖湛樂從，弗念厥紹。罔敷求先王，克共明刑。

He overturns his virtue and is lost in and drowned by wine. Though you follow along in indulgent pleasure, you do not think of the succession. You do not seek widely among the former kings so as to hold on to clear punishments.

四皇天弗尚，如彼泉流，無淪胥以亡。夙興夜寐，灑掃庭內，維民之章。

August Heaven does not help (the source text has a variant character here for the word "therefore"). Like a spring that flows, do not follow each other into ruin and death. Rise early and sleep late, sprinkle and sweep the courtyard, and be an example to the people.

修爾車馬，弓矢戎兵，用戒戎作，用逷蠻方。質爾人民，謹爾侯度，用戒不虞。

Repair your carriages and horses, bows, arrows, and weapons, to guard against the outbreak of war and to ward off the distant barbarians. Rectify your people, and be careful of your rules as a lord, to guard against the unexpected.

慎爾出話，敬爾威儀，無不柔嘉。白圭之玷，尚可磨也；斯言之玷，不可為也！

Be careful of the words you speak, and be careful in your dignified bearing, so that nothing is other than gentle and fine. A blemish in a white jade tablet may still be ground away; but a blemish in a word cannot be mended!

無易由言，無曰苟矣，莫捫朕舌，言不可逝矣。無言不讎，無德不報。

Do not speak lightly, do not say "this will do"; no one holds my tongue, and a word cannot be taken back. No word is without a reply, and no virtue is without repayment.

惠於朋友，庶民小子。子孫繩繩，萬民靡不承。視爾友君子，輯柔爾顏，不遐有愆。

Be kind to friends, to commoners and the young. Your descendants will be careful in unbroken succession, and the myriad people will all receive it. See how you are friendly to the gentleman and soften your expression; how could you have faults?

相在爾室，尚不愧於屋漏。無曰不顯，莫予雲覯。神之格思，不可度思，矧可射思！

See how you are in your room; you should still not be ashamed before the spirit of the northwest corner. Do not say it is not apparent and no one sees me. The coming of the spirits cannot be fathomed, much less may one be weary of them!

闢爾為德，俾臧俾嘉。淑慎爾止，不愆於儀。不僭不賊，鮮不為則。投我以桃，報之以李。

Cultivate the virtue you practice, make it good and make it fine. Be good and careful in your dignified bearing, and do not err in ritual and propriety. If one does not overstep or harm others, one is seldom not made a model. Throw a peach to me, and I repay with a plum.

彼童而角，實虹小子。荏染柔木，言緡之絲。溫溫恭人，維德之基。

That young goat has horns; it truly confuses the young. The soft, fine wood is strung with silk strings. A warm, gentle, respectful person is the foundation of virtue.

其維哲人，告之話言，順德之行。其維愚人，覆謂我僭。民各有心。

If one is a wise man, tell him a good word, and he follows virtue in practice. If one is a fool, he instead says I overstep. People each have their own thoughts.

於乎小子，未知臧否。匪手攜之，言示之事。匪面命之，言提其耳。

Alas, young one, you still do not know good from evil. Not only did I lead you by the hand, I also pointed out matters to you. Not only did I command you face to face, I also pulled your ear.

借曰未知，亦既抱子。民之靡盈，誰夙知而莫成？昊天孔昭，我生靡樂。

If you say you still do not know, you are already holding a son in your arms. People do not become full; who can know early and succeed late? Vast Heaven is very bright, and I have no joy in living.

視爾夢夢，我心慘慘。誨爾諄諄，聽我藐藐。匪用為教，覆用為虐。

I see you dazed and dull, and my heart is grieved. I teach you earnestly, yet you listen with disdain. You do not take it as instruction, but rather take it as cruelty.

借曰未知，亦聿既耄。於乎，小子，告爾舊止。聽用我謀，庶無大悔。

If you say you still do not know, you are already old. Alas, young one, I tell you the old dignified ways. Listen to and use my plans, and perhaps there will be no great regret.

天方艱難，曰喪厥國。取譬不遠，昊天不忒。回遹其德，俾民大棘。

Heaven is in hardship, and it is said that his state will be lost. The comparison is not far off; vast Heaven makes no mistake. His virtue is perverse, and the people are in great distress.

菀彼桑柔，其下侯旬，捋采其劉，瘼此下民。不殄心憂，倉兄填兮。倬彼昊天，寧不我矜？

The lush, tender mulberry, its shade below is even; when its leaves are plucked sparse, the people below suffer. The heart's grief is unceasing, and the breath of ruin fills it. Vast Heaven, will you not take pity on me?

四牡騤騤，旟旐有翩。亂生不夷，靡國不泯。民靡有黎，具禍以燼。於乎有哀，國步斯頻。

The four stallions are strong and powerful, the falcon banners and dragon banners flutter. Disorder arises and is not settled, and there is no state that is not in turmoil. The people are few, and all have been turned to ashes by disaster. Alas, there is sorrow; the fate of the state is so precarious.

國步滅資，天不我將。靡所止疑，雲徂何往？君子實維，秉心無競。誰生厲階，至今為梗？

The state's fate has no resources, and Heaven does not support me. There is no place of rest or halting; where am I to go? The gentleman truly thinks and keeps his heart free of contention. Who gave rise to this stair of disaster, which still obstructs us today?

憂心殷殷，念我土宇。我生不辰，逢天僤怒。自西徂東，靡所定處。多我覯痻，孔棘我圉。

My heart is heavy with grief, thinking of my homeland. I was born at the wrong time, meeting Heaven's great wrath. From west to east there is no place of rest. I have met with many troubles, and my frontier is in great danger.

為謀為毖，亂況斯削。告爾憂恤，誨爾序爵。誰能執熱，逝不以濯？其何能淑，載胥及溺。

Make plans and be careful, and the state of disorder is thereby reduced. I tell you to be concerned, and teach you to arrange ranks and titles. Who can hold something hot without first washing his hands in water? How can that be well? We shall all drown in succession.

如彼溯風，亦孔之僾。民有肅心，荓雲不逮。好是稼穡，力民代食。稼穡維寶，代食維好？

Like going against the wind, it is also stifling. The people have a respectful heart, but say they cannot keep up. They love this farming; those who exert effort are replaced by those who sit and eat. Farming is a treasure; is it good to replace it with those who sit and eat?

天降喪亂，滅我立王。降此蟊賊，稼穡卒癢。哀恫中國，具贅卒荒。靡有旅力，以念穹蒼。

Heaven sends down ruin and disorder, and destroys the king we set up. It sends down these grain-eating pests, and the crops finally fall sick. I grieve for the central realm; all are burdened and in the end laid waste. I have no strength left to think of the vault of heaven.

維此惠君，民人所瞻。秉心宣猶，考慎其相。維彼不順，自獨俾臧。自有肺腸，俾民卒狂。

This compliant and kind ruler is the one the people look up to. He keeps his mind on making plans clear and examines carefully his assistants. That other, who is not compliant, makes himself good alone. He has his own lungs and bowels, and makes the people finally mad with disorder.

瞻彼中林，甡甡其鹿。朋友已譖，不胥以谷。人亦有言：進退維谷。

Looking into the forest, the deer are many and crowded. Friends already slander each other and do not treat each other well. People also have a saying: advancing or retreating, one is caught in difficulty.

維此聖人，瞻言百里。維彼愚人，覆狂以喜。匪言不能，胡斯畏忌？

This is a sage, whose gaze can see a hundred li. That other is a fool, who instead is wildly delighted. It is not that the words cannot be spoken; why are you so fearful and wary?

維此良人，弗求弗迪。維彼忍心，是顧是復。民之貪亂，寧為荼毒。

This is a good man, who neither seeks advancement nor recommends others. That cruel heart is so attached, so inconstant. The people crave disorder and would rather do poisonous harm.

大風有隧，有空大谷。維此良人，作為式谷。維彼不順，徵以中垢。

The great wind has its path, and there are great empty valleys. This good man acts with goodness. That other, not compliant, acts amid filth.

大風有隧，貪人敗類。聽言則對，誦言如醉。匪用其良，復俾我悖。

The great wind has its path, and the greedy ruin their own kind. Pleasant words are answered, but remonstrating words are heard as if drunk. They do not use those good men, and instead cause me to be bewildered.

嗟爾朋友，予豈不知而作。如彼飛蟲，時亦弋獲。既之陰女，反予來赫。

Alas, you friends, do I not know and yet still do it? Like those flying insects, sometimes they too are shot. I have sheltered you, and instead you come to threaten me.

民之罔極，職涼善背。為民不利，如雲不克。民之回遹，職競用力。

The people have no standard; they devote themselves to harshness and are good at betrayal. They do things that do not benefit the people, as if afraid of not being able to outdo others. The people are perverse and devote themselves to competing in effort.

民之未戾，職盜為寇。涼曰不可，覆背善詈。雖曰匪予，既作爾歌！

The people are not yet settled and devote themselves to being robbers and bandits. When told sincerely that it cannot be done, they are good at cursing behind one's back. Though it is said not to be aimed at me, I have already made this song for you!

倬彼雲漢，昭回於天。王曰：於乎！何辜今之人？天降喪亂，饑饉薦臻。

The vast Milky Way shines and turns in the sky. The king says: Alas! What offense do the people of today bear? Heaven sends down ruin and disorder, and famine comes repeatedly.

靡神不舉，靡愛斯牲。圭壁既卒，寧莫我聽？

There is no spirit I have not sacrificed to, and I did not spare these animal victims. The jade tablets and discs are already used up; will you not listen to me?

旱既大甚，蘊隆蟲蟲。不殄禋祀，自郊徂宮。上下奠瘞，靡神不宗。

The drought is already too severe, the heat accumulating fiercely. The sacrifices of purification have not stopped, from the suburbs to the palace. Sacrificing above and burying below, there is no spirit I have not honored.

后稷不克，上帝不臨。耗斁下土，寧丁我梗

Hou Ji cannot help, and God above does not come down. The lands below are ruined; could it be that I am meeting this calamity? (The source text appears to have a missing passage in this line.)

旱既大甚，則不可推。兢兢業業，如霆如雷。周餘黎民，靡有孑遺。

The drought is already too severe, and it cannot be pushed away. Fearful and trembling, as if struck by thunder. The remaining common people of Zhou have not a single one left.

昊天上帝，則不我遺。胡不相畏？先祖於摧。

God of vast Heaven, you do not spare me. Why do you not fear one another? The former ancestors are thus broken.

旱既大甚，則不可沮。赫赫炎炎，雲我無所。大命近止，靡瞻靡顧。

The drought is already too severe, and it cannot be stopped. Blazing and scorching, I have nowhere to go. The great mandate is nearly at an end, and there is nothing to look to and nothing to care for.

群公先正，則不我助。父母先祖，胡寧忍予？

All the former dukes and ministers do not help me. My parents and ancestors, why are you willing to be so hard-hearted toward me?

旱既大甚，滌滌山川。旱魃為虐，如惔如焚。我心憚暑，憂心如燻。

The drought is already too severe, and mountains and rivers are dried up. The drought demon rages, as if burning and scorching. My heart fears the heat, and my anxious heart is as if smoked.

群公先正，則不我聞。昊天上帝，寧俾我遁？

All the former dukes and ministers do not listen to me. God of vast Heaven, could you let me flee?

旱既大甚，黽勉畏去。胡寧瘨我以旱？憯不知其故。祈年孔夙，方社不莫。

The drought is already too severe, and I strive in fear to depart. Why are you willing to afflict me with drought? I do not know the reason. The prayers for the harvest were early, and the sacrifices to the four quarters and to the earth were not late.

昊天上帝，則不我虞。

God of vast Heaven, you do not take me into account.

敬恭明神，宜無悔怒。旱既大甚，散無友紀。鞫哉庶正，疚哉冢宰。

I have respectfully served the bright spirits, and there should be no regret or anger. The drought is already too severe, and all is scattered without order. The heads of the officials are exhausted, and the prime minister is in distress.

趣馬師氏，膳夫左右。靡人不周。無不能止，瞻卬昊天，雲如何裡！

The master of horses, the master of guards, the cooks, and the attendants. There is none who has not given relief. There is nothing that cannot stop; looking up to vast Heaven, how can there be such worry!

瞻卬昊天，有嘒其星。大夫君子，昭假無贏。大命近止，無棄爾成。

Looking up to vast Heaven, the stars twinkle faintly. Great officers and gentlemen, your clear and responsive piety has nothing to spare. The great mandate is nearly at an end; do not abandon your accomplishments.

何求為我。以戾庶正。瞻卬昊天，曷惠其寧？

What do I seek that is for myself? It is to settle the heads of the officials. Looking up to vast Heaven, when will it grant peace?

崧高維嶽，駿極於天。維嶽降神，生甫及申。維申及甫，維周之翰。四國於蕃。四方於宣。

Lofty is the sacred mountain, high to the sky. The mountain sent down a spirit, who gave birth to the Marquis of Fu and Lord Shen. Lord Shen and the Marquis of Fu are the backbone of Zhou. The four states rely on them as a fence, and the four quarters rely on them to spread the reputation.

亹亹申伯，王纘之事。於邑於謝，南國是式。王命召伯，定申伯之宅。登是南邦，世執其功。

The diligent Lord Shen was made by the king to continue this task. He made a city at Xie, and the southern states took him as a model. The king commanded the Lord of Shao to settle Lord Shen's residence. To accomplish this southern state, he will hold this achievement for generations.

王命申伯，式是南邦。因是謝人，以作爾庸。王命召伯，徹申伯土田。王命傅御，遷其私人。

The king commanded Lord Shen to be the model of this southern state. Rely on these people of Xie to build your city. The king commanded the Lord of Shao to manage Lord Shen's fields. The king commanded the tutor and the chief of the guard to move his household.

申伯之功，召伯是營。有俶其城，寢廟既成。既成藐藐，王錫申伯。四牡蹻蹻，鉤膺濯濯。

Lord Shen's achievement was carefully managed by the Lord of Shao. The city began anew, and the ancestral temple was already built. Magnificent and grand once completed, the king bestowed it on Lord Shen. The four stallions are strong and robust, and the chest ornaments are glossy and bright.

王遣申伯，路車乘馬。我圖爾居，莫如南土。錫爾介圭，以作爾寶。往近王舅，南土是保。

The king sent Lord Shen great carriages and horses to draw them. I considered your dwelling, and there is none better than the southern land. I give you a great jade gui as your treasure. Go, royal uncle; the southern land will be kept whole thereby.

申伯信邁，王餞於郿。申伯還南，謝於誠歸。王命召伯，徹申伯土疆。以峙其粻，式遄其行。

Lord Shen truly set out, and the king gave him a farewell feast at Mei. Lord Shen returned to the south, sincerely returning to Xie. The king commanded the Lord of Shao to manage Lord Shen's lands and boundaries. To prepare his provisions and let him go quickly.

申伯番番，既入於謝。徒御嘽嘽。周邦鹹喜，戎有良翰。不顯申伯，王之元舅，文武是憲。

Lord Shen is bold and martial, and has already entered Xie. Foot soldiers and charioteers are numerous and imposing. The states of Zhou are all glad: you have a good backbone. Is not Lord Shen eminent, the king's great uncle, the model for the civil and the martial?

申伯之德，柔惠且直。揉此萬邦，聞於四國。吉甫作誦，其詩孔碩。其風四好，以贈申伯。

Lord Shen's virtue is gentle, kind, and upright. He pacifies the myriad states, and is renowned across the four states. Jifu composed this hymn, a great poem. Its melody is beautiful (the source text has a variant character for "therefore" here). It is presented to Lord Shen.

天生烝民，有物有則。民之秉彝，好是懿德。天監有周，昭假於下。保茲天子，生仲山甫。

Heaven gave birth to the multitude of people, and there are things and rules for them. The people hold to their constant nature and love this fine virtue. Heaven watched over Zhou, and its brightness reached down below. It protected this Son of Heaven and gave birth to Zhong Shanfu.

仲山甫之德，柔嘉維則。令儀令色。小心翼翼。古訓是式。威儀是力。天子是若，明命使賦。

Zhong Shanfu's virtue is gentle and fine, and a model. He has a good bearing and a good countenance. He is careful and reverent. He takes the ancient teachings as his rule. He works hard to cultivate dignified conduct. The Son of Heaven follows him, and his clear mandate has him announce it.

王命仲山甫，式是百辟，纘戎祖考，王躬是保。出納王命，王之喉舌。賦政於外，四方爰發。

The king commanded Zhong Shanfu to be the model for these hundred lords, to continue his forebears' tradition, and thereby the king's person is kept whole. He receives and delivers the king's commands, and is the king's throat and tongue. He promulgates government orders abroad, and the four quarters set out accordingly.

肅肅王命，仲山甫將之。邦國若否，仲山甫明之。既明且哲，以保其身。夙夜匪解，以事一人。

The king's commands are solemn, and Zhong Shanfu carries them out. Whether a state is good or not good, Zhong Shanfu makes it clear. Being both discerning and wise, he keeps himself whole. From morning to night he does not slacken, in serving the one man.

人亦有言，柔則茹之，剛則吐之。維仲山甫，柔亦不茹，剛亦不吐。不侮矜寡，不畏強禦。

People also have a saying: what is soft they swallow, and what is hard they spit out. Only Zhong Shanfu does not swallow what is soft nor spit out what is hard. He does not bully widowers and widows, and does not fear the strong and violent.

人亦有言，德輶如毛，民鮮克舉之。我儀圖之，維仲山甫舉之。愛莫助之。袞職有闕，維仲山甫補之。

People also have a saying: virtue is as light as a hair, and few people can lift it. I weigh it and find that only Zhong Shanfu lifts it. I love him but cannot help him. When the king's robe has a flaw, only Zhong Shanfu mends it.

仲山甫出祖。四牡業業。征夫捷捷，每懷靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸞鏘鏘。王命仲山甫，城彼東方。

Zhong Shanfu goes out to sacrifice to the road god. The four stallions are tall and mighty. The marching men are quick and nimble, always anxious that they cannot keep up. The four stallions are strong and the eight bells ring clearly. The king commanded Zhong Shanfu to build a city in the east.

四牡騤騤，八鸞喈喈。仲山甫徂齊，式遄其歸。吉甫作誦，穆如清風。仲山甫永懷，以慰其心。

The four stallions are powerful, and the eight bells ring in harmony. Zhong Shanfu goes to Qi, and he should hurry back. Jifu composed this hymn, gentle and harmonious like a clear breeze. Zhong Shanfu has long been in my thoughts, and this is to comfort his heart.

奕奕梁山，維禹甸之，有倬其道。

Magnificent is Mount Liang, which Yu regulated, with broad roads.

韓侯受命，王親命之：纘戎祖考，無廢朕命。

The Marquis of Han received his commission, and the king personally commanded him: continue the work of your forebears, and do not abandon my command.

夙夜匪解，虔共爾位，朕命不易。

From morning to night do not slacken, be sincerely respectful in your post; my command is not an easy one.

粲不庭方，以佐戎闢。四牡奕奕，孔修且張。

Chastise the states that do not come to court, and so assist your lord. (The source text has a miswritten character in the phrase "states that do not come to court"; the correct reading is "correct," meaning to set right.) The four stallions are splendid, very long and strong.

韓侯入覲，以其介圭，入覲於王。

The Marquis of Han entered for an audience, bearing his great jade gui, and entered to meet the king.

王錫韓侯，淑旗綏章，簟茀錯衡。

The king gave the Marquis of Han a fine banner, a ribbon with insignia, a bamboo-mat carriage screen, and a patterned carriage yoke.

玄袞赤舄，鉤膺鏤錫，鞹鞃淺幭，鞗革金厄。

A dark robe with dragon designs, red shoes, a breast strap, a gilt forehead ornament, a light-colored cover over the crossbar, and gold rings on the bridle.

韓侯出祖，出宿於屠。顯父餞之，清酒百壺。

The Marquis of Han went out and sacrificed to the road god, and lodged at Tu on leaving the gate. Xianfu gave him a farewell feast, with a hundred pots of clear wine.

其殽維何？炰鱉鮮魚。其蔌維何？維筍及蒲。

What were the dishes? Stewed soft-shelled turtle and fresh fish. What were the vegetables? Bamboo shoots and rushes.

其贈維何？乘馬路車。籩豆有且。侯氏燕胥。

What were the gifts? Draft horses and great carriages. The ritual baskets and vessels were abundant. The lords feasted and made merry.

韓侯取妻，汾王之甥，蹶父之子。

The Marquis of Han took a wife, the niece of the Prince of Fen, the daughter of Jue Fu.

韓侯迎止，於蹶之裡。

The Marquis of Han went to meet her, in the lane of Jue Fu.

百兩彭彭，八鸞鏘鏘，不顯其光。

A hundred carriages rumbled, eight bells rang clearly; was not that radiance conspicuous?

諸娣從之，祁祁如雲。韓侯顧之，爛其盈門。

The many younger sisters followed her, numerous as clouds. The Marquis of Han looked back at them, brilliant and filling the gate.

蹶父孔武，靡國不到。為韓姞相攸，莫如韓樂。

Jue Fu was very brave, and there was no state he had not visited. In choosing a home for Han Ji, none is happier than Han.

孔樂韓土，川澤訏訏，魴鱮甫甫，麀鹿噳噳。

The land of Han is very happy, with broad rivers and marshes, fat bream and tench, and many does.

有熊有羆，有貓有虎。慶既令居，韓姞燕譽。

There are bears and brown bears, there are wildcats and tigers. Happy to already have a good home, Han Ji is joyful and has a good reputation.

溥彼韓城，燕師所完。以先祖受命，因時百蠻。

The great city wall of Han was completed by the soldiers of Yan. Because of the mandate received by the ancestors, it holds sway over these hundred Man tribes.

王錫韓侯，其追其貊。奄受北國，因以其伯。

The king gave the Marquis of Han the Zhui tribe and the Mo tribe. He received and held the northern states, and thereby became their chief of the regional lords.

實墉實壑，實畝實藉。獻其貔皮，赤豹黃羆。

Then they built walls and dug moats, then they regulated the fields and collected taxes. They presented the skins of the pixiu, red leopards, and yellow bears.

江漢浮浮，武夫滔滔。匪安匪遊，淮夷來求。既出我車，既設我旟。匪安匪舒，淮夷來鋪。

The Yangtze and Han rivers flow broad, and the warriors are numerous. It is not for leisure and not for play; they come to seek out the Huai barbarians. My carriages have already been brought out, and my falcon banners have been raised. It is not for ease and not for slackness; they come to deploy the army against the Huai barbarians.

江漢湯湯，武夫洸洸。經營四方，告成於王。四方既平，王國庶定。時靡有爭，王心載寧。

The Yangtze and Han rivers surge, and the warriors are mighty and martial. They administer the four quarters and report their success to the king. The four quarters are already pacified, and the royal state may be at peace. At this time there is no contention, and the king's heart is at rest.

江漢之滸，王命召虎：式闢四方，徹我疆土。匪疚匪棘，王國來極。於疆於理，至於南海。

By the banks of the Yangtze and Han, the king commanded Hu of Shao: open up the four quarters and regulate my frontier. It is not a harm and not an emergency; the royal state will come to take its model. Then fix the boundaries and set them in order, reaching the Southern Sea.

王命召虎：來旬來宣。文武受命，召公維翰。無曰予小子，召公是似。肇敏戎公，用錫爾祉。

The king commanded Hu of Shao: come to inspect and come to proclaim. King Wen and King Wu received the mandate, and the Duke of Shao was the backbone. Do not say that I am young; be like the Duke of Shao. Quickly establish your achievement, and it will be given to you as a blessing.

釐爾圭瓚，秬鬯一卣。告於文人，錫山土田。於周受命，自召祖命，虎拜稽首：天子萬年！

I give you a jade libation ladle and a jar of black-millet fragrant wine. Report to those with cultured virtue, and I grant you mountains and fields. Receive the mandate in Zhou, following the order of the ancestor Shao; Hu of Shao bowed and touched his head to the ground: May the Son of Heaven live ten thousand years!

虎拜稽首，對揚王休。作召公考：天子萬壽！明明天子，令聞不已，矢其文德，洽此四國。

Hu of Shao bowed and touched his head to the ground, replying to extol the king's excellence. He made the achievement of the Duke of Shao: may the Son of Heaven have ten thousand years of life! Brilliant Son of Heaven, his fine name will not cease; he spreads his cultured virtue and harmonizes these four states.

赫赫明明。王命卿士，南仲大祖，大師皇父。整我六師，以修我戎。既敬既戒，惠此南國。

Resplendent and brilliant. The king commanded the ministers; Nan Zhong was the great ancestor, and the Grand Tutor was Huangfu. Put my six armies in order and repair my weapons. Reverent and cautious, be kind to this southern land.

王謂尹氏，命程伯休父，左右陳行。戒我師旅，率彼淮浦，省此徐土。不留不處，三事就緒。

The king said to the Yin clan, commanding Cheng Bo Xiufu, arrange the ranks left and right in rows. Admonish my troops, and along the banks of the Huai inspect this land of Xu. Do not stay and do not rest; the three tasks are already in readiness.

赫赫業業，有嚴天子。王舒保作，匪紹匪遊。徐方繹騷，震驚徐方。如雷如霆，徐方震驚。

Resplendent and mighty, the awe-inspiring Son of Heaven. The king moves calmly and steadily, not in haste and not for play. The land of Xu is in continual unrest and the land of Xu is shaken. Like thunder, like a thunderclap, the land of Xu is shaken.

王奮厥武，如震如怒。進厥虎臣，闞如虓虎。鋪敦淮濆，仍執醜虜。截彼淮浦，王師之所。

The king rouses his martial power, like thunder striking, like fury. He puts to use his tiger-like ministers, fierce as angry tigers. They deploy the army and camp along the Huai, and capture prisoners as they go. Cutting off the banks of the Huai is where the king's army stands.

王旅嘽嘽，如飛如翰。如江如漢，如山之苞。如川之流，綿綿翼翼。不測不克，濯徵徐國。

The king's army is numerous and imposing, as if flying, as if soaring. Like the Yangtze and the Han, like the foundation of a mountain. Like the flow of a river, continuous and orderly. It cannot be fathomed and cannot be overcome; the great expedition against the state of Xu.

王猶允塞，徐方既來。徐方既同，天子之功。四方既平，徐方來庭。徐方不回，王曰還歸。

The king's plans are indeed solid, and the land of Xu has already come. The land of Xu has already joined the assembly; it is the achievement of the Son of Heaven. The four quarters are already pacified, and the land of Xu has come to court. The land of Xu is not wicked, and the king says: let them return.

瞻卬昊天，則不我惠。孔填不寧，降此大厲。邦靡有定，士民其瘵。

Looking up to vast Heaven, it does not show kindness to me. For a long time there has been no peace, and it has sent down this great calamity. The state is not at peace, and the scholars and people are in distress.

蟊賊蟊疾，靡有夷屆。罪罟不收，靡有夷瘳。

Pests and thieves do harm, and there is no end to their settling. The net of punishment is not taken in, and there is no healing for the settling.

人有土田，女反有之。人有民人，女覆奪之。此宜無罪，女反收之。

Others have land and fields, yet you take possession of them. Others have people, yet you seize them. This man should be without guilt, yet you arrest him.

彼宜有罪，女覆說之。

That man should be guilty, yet you let him off.

哲夫成城，哲婦傾城。懿厥哲婦，為梟為鴟。婦有長舌，維厲之階。

A wise man builds a city, a wise woman overturns a city. How fine is that wise woman, yet she is an owl, a screech owl. A woman with a long tongue is the step to disaster.

亂匪降自天，生自婦人。匪教匪誨，時維婦寺。

Disorder does not come down from Heaven; it is born from women. It is not teaching and not instruction; at this time it is only women and eunuchs.

鞫人忮忒。譖始競背。豈曰不極？伊胡為慝？如賈三倍，君子是識。

They probe into people and are jealous and harmful, deceitful and treacherous. Slander begins and they compete in betrayal. Can one say it is not extreme? Why do they do evil? Like merchants earning threefold profit, yet the gentleman sees through it.

婦無公事，休其蠶織。

A woman has no public affairs; she should cease her silkworm raising and weaving.

天何以剌？何神不富？舍爾介狄，維予胥忌。不弔不祥，威儀不類。

Why does Heaven punish? What spirit does not bestow blessings? You let loose your great barbarian troubles, and only quarrel with me out of mutual envy. Not good, not auspicious, and dignified bearing is not as it should be.

人之雲亡，邦國殄瘁。

The worthy are thus lost, and the state is in distress.

天之降罔，維其優矣。人之雲亡，心之憂矣。天之降罔，維其幾矣。

Heaven sends down nets, only because its generosity is rich. The worthy are thus lost, and the heart is sorrowful. Heaven sends down nets, only because it is urgent.

人之雲亡，心之悲矣。

The worthy are thus lost, and the heart is grieved.

觱沸檻泉，維其深矣。心之憂矣，寧自今矣？不自我先，不自我後。

The gushing spring only because it is deep. The sorrow in my heart, did it begin only today? It was not before me and not after me.

藐藐昊天，無不克鞏。無忝皇祖，式救爾後。

Vast and remote Heaven, there is nothing it cannot make firm. Do not disgrace your August ancestors, and save your descendants.

旻天疾威，天篤降喪。瘨我饑饉，民卒流亡。我居圉卒荒。

Heaven is swift and angry, and in great measure sends down ruin and disorder. It afflicts me with famine, and the people are finally in flight. The borders of my dwelling are finally laid waste.

天降罪罟，蟊賊內訌。昏椓靡共，潰潰回遹，實靖夷我邦。

Heaven sends down the net of crime, and pests and thieves fight within. In confusion and slander they do not respect their posts, collapsing in perversity, truly bent on destroying my state.

皋皋訿訿，曾不知其玷。兢兢業業，孔填不寧，我位孔貶。

Deceitful and slanderous, they do not even know their own stains. I am anxious and fearful, and for a long time have had no peace, and my position has been much lowered.

如彼歲旱，草不潰茂，如彼棲苴。我相此邦，無不潰止。

Like a drought year, grass cannot grow luxuriantly, like duckweed floating on water. As I look at this state, there is nothing that is not in collapse and disorder.

維昔之富不如時，維今之疚不如茲。彼疏斯粺，胡不自替？職兄斯引。

The wealth of the past was not like this time, and the ills of today are not like this. Those eating coarse food and those eating fine food, why do they not retire themselves? They only hold on longer.

池之竭矣，不雲自頻。泉之竭矣，不雲自中。溥斯害矣，職兄斯弘，不災我躬。

When a pond is drying up, does it not start from the edge? When a spring is drying up, does it not start from the middle? This harm is widespread and holds even more, and will it not reach me myself?

昔先王受命，有如召公，日闢國百里，今也日蹙國百里。於乎哀哉！維今之人，不尚有舊！

In the past when the former kings received the mandate, there were those like the Duke of Shao, who each day opened up a hundred li of land; now each day a hundred li of land is reduced. Alas, how sad! People of today, do you not still honor the old virtues!

於穆清廟，肅雍顯相。濟濟多士，秉文之德。對越在天，駿奔走在廟。不顯不承，無射於人斯。

Solemn and serene is the pure temple, with reverent and harmonious, eminent assistants at the sacrifice. Many dignified officers hold fast to the virtue of King Wen. They respond and extol the spirits in heaven, and hurry swiftly about in the temple. Is it not eminent, is it not continued? People never weary of it.

維天之命，於穆不已。於乎不顯，文王之德之純。假以溢我，我其收之。駿惠我文王，曾孫篤之。

The decree of Heaven is solemn and unceasing. Alas, how eminent is the purity of King Wen's virtue. Fine things come to add to me, and I come to receive them. Swiftly following our King Wen, his great-grandson makes it solid.

維清緝熙，文王之典。肇禋，迄用有成，維周之禎。

Clear and bright, continuing in radiance, are the statutes of King Wen. Beginning with the sacrifices of purification, until it was accomplished: this is the auspicious omen of Zhou.

烈文闢公，錫茲祉福。惠我無疆，子孫保之。無封靡於爾邦，維王其崇之。

The lords and dukes with merit and culture bestow these blessings. Show kindness to me without limit, and may descendants preserve it. Do not cause great harm in your state, and the king will honor you.

念茲戎功，繼序其皇之。無競維人，四方其訓之。不顯維德，百辟其刑之。於乎，前王不忘！

Think of this great merit, continue its order and magnify it. Nothing compares to having good men, and the four quarters take them as teaching. Is not virtue eminent, and the hundred lords take it as a model. Alas, the former kings cannot be forgotten!

天作高山，大王荒之。彼作矣，文王康之。彼徂矣，岐有夷之行。子孫保之。

Heaven made the high mountain, and the Great King enlarged it. They rose up, and King Wen gave it peace. They went there, and Mount Qi has a level road. May descendants preserve it.

昊天有成命，二後受之。成王不敢康，夙夜基命宥密。於緝熙！單厥心，四其靖之。

Vast Heaven has a settled mandate, which the two kings received. King Cheng did not dare to be at ease, and from morning to night he took Heaven's mandate as his foundation and was generous and careful. Continuing in radiance and brightness! He exhausted his heart, and so settled it. (The source text has a variant character for "so" here.)

我將我享，維羊維牛，維天其右之。儀式刑文王之典，日靖四方。

I offer my sacrifice, a sheep and an ox, and Heaven will protect it. Taking the statutes of King Wen as my model and norm, every day I bring peace to the four quarters.

伊嘏文王，既右饗之。我其夙夜，畏天之威，於時保之。

The great King Wen has already protected and received the offering. From morning to night I fear Heaven's might, and so I preserve it.

時邁其邦，昊天其子之，實右序有周。薄言震之，莫不震疊。懷柔百神，及河喬嶽，允王維後。

He makes timely tours of those states, and vast Heaven takes him as a son, truly protecting the line of Zhou. Go and awe them, and there is none who is not terrified. He comforts the hundred spirits, and the rivers and high mountains, and the trustworthy king is their lord.

明昭有周，式序在位。載戢干戈，載橐弓矢。我求懿德，四於時夏，允王保之。

The bright Zhou, the ordered men in their positions. Then they put away shields and spears, then they case bows and arrows. I seek fine virtue, and so spread it through China (the source text has a variant character for "so" here). The trustworthy king preserves it.

執競武王，無競維烈。不顯成康，上帝是皇。自彼成康，奄有四方，斤斤其明。

Holding fast, the mighty King Wu has no achievement to compare. Is it not eminent, King Cheng and King Kang, whom God above takes as lords? From those Cheng and Kang, they cover and possess the four quarters, scrupulously discerning.

鐘鼓喤喤，磬莞將將，降福穰穰。降福簡簡，威儀反反。既醉既飽，福祿來反。

Bells and drums resound, stone chimes and pipes ring out, and blessings descend in abundance. Blessings descend in great measure, and dignified bearing is repeated with care. Already drunk and already full, blessings and emoluments come back again and again.

思文后稷，克配彼天。立我烝民，莫菲爾極。貽我來牟，帝命率育，無此疆爾界。陳常於時夏。

Thoughtful and cultured Hou Ji, able to be paired with Heaven. He gave peace to our multitudes, and there was none who was not within your right measure. He left us wheat and barley, and the Lord's command is for universal nourishment, with no this boundary or that boundary. He spread the constant way throughout China.

嗟嗟臣工，敬爾在公。王釐爾成，來諮來茹。嗟嗟保介，維莫之春，亦又何求？如何新畲？

Alas, you ministers and officers, be careful in your public duties. The king gives you established rules, to consult and to measure by. Alas, you chariot guards, it is late spring; what more do you seek? How are the new fields and the two-year fields?

於皇來牟，將受厥明。明昭上帝，迄用康年。命我眾人：庤乃錢鎛，奄觀銍艾。

The fine wheat and barley will soon receive their harvest. Bright God above, may it lead to a bountiful year. He commands my people: prepare your hoes and sickles, and observe the harvest everywhere.

噫嘻成王，既昭假爾。率時農夫，播厥百穀。駿發爾私，終三十里。亦服爾耕，十千維耦。

Ah, King Cheng, has already shone his light on you. Lead these farmers to sow those hundred grains. Swiftly open up your private fields, for thirty li at last. Also attend to your plowing, ten thousand people paired in teams.

振鷺于飛，於彼西雍。我客戾止，亦有斯容。在彼無惡，在此無斁。庶幾夙夜，以永終譽。

The white egret in its flurry flies to the western pool. My guests have arrived, and they too have such dignified bearing. There is no hatred there and no weariness here. May it be from morning to night, so as to keep a lasting good name forever.

豐年多黍多稌，亦有高廩，萬億及秭。為酒為醴，烝畀祖妣。以洽百禮，降福孔皆。

In an abundant year there is much millet and rice, and there are also high granaries, with ten thousand, a hundred thousand, up to a million. Make wine and make sweet wine, and offer them to the ancestors, male and female, to accompany the hundred rites. The blessings sent down are very widespread.

有瞽有瞽，在周之庭。設業設虡，崇牙樹羽。應田縣鼓，鞉磬柷圉。既備

There are the blind musicians, there are the blind musicians, in the courtyard of Zhou. Set up the crossbar and set up the frame, with saw-tooth edges and raised feathers. The small drum and the great drum, the hanging drum, the rattle drum, the stone chime, the zhu, and the yu. All are ready,

乃奏，簫管備舉。喤喤厥聲，肅雍和鳴，先祖是聽。我客戾止，永觀厥成。

and then they play, flutes and pipes are raised together. The sound is resonant, solemn and in harmony, and the ancestors then listen. My guests have arrived, and long observe the success.

猗與漆沮，潛有多魚。有鱣有鮪，鰷鱨鰋鯉。以享以祀，以介景福。

How splendid are the Qi and Ju rivers, hiding many fish. There are sturgeon and wei, minnows, yellow-cheeked fish, catfish, and carp. They are offered up for sacrifice, to seek great blessings.

有來雝雝，至止肅肅。相維闢公，天子穆穆。於薦廣牡，相予四祀。假哉皇考！綏予孝子。

When they come, they are harmonious and amicable; when they arrive, solemn and respectful. Those who assist at the sacrifice are the lords and dukes, and the Son of Heaven is dignified and stately. They offer a great bull and help me carry out the sacrifice. (The source text has a variant character for "sacrifice" here.) How great is my august father! Comfort me, a filial son.

宣哲維人，文武維後。燕及皇天，克昌厥後。綏我眉壽，介以繁祉，既右烈考，亦右文母。

Perceptive and wise, he is a man; skilled in civil and martial affairs, he is a lord. His peace reaches august Heaven, and he is able to make his descendants prosper. Comfort me with long life, and grant many blessings; he has already protected my meritorious august father and also protected my mother of cultured virtue.

載見闢王，曰求厥章。龍旗陽陽，和鈴央央。鞗革有鶬，休有烈光。率見昭考，以孝以享。

Then they court the king, saying to seek his statutes. The dragon banners are bright and splendid, and the harmonious bells ring. The bridle is beautifully ornamented, and the beauty has great radiance. They lead the audience before the illustrious father, to fulfil filial duty and to make the offering.

以介眉壽，永言保之，思皇多祜。烈文闢公，綏以多福，俾緝熙於純嘏。

To seek long life, to preserve it forever, thinking of the many blessings of the august beauty. The lords and dukes with merit and culture, comfort them with many blessings, and let them continue in radiance in great blessing.

有客有客，亦白其馬。有萋有且，敦琢其旅。有客宿宿，有客信信。

There are guests, there are guests, and their horses are white. They are luxuriant and numerous, with carved attendants. The guest lodges one night, and again another night; the guest lodges two nights, and again two more.

言授之縶，以縶其馬。薄言追之，左右綏之。既有淫威，降福孔夷。

Give him ropes, to tether his horses. Go to see him off, and let those left and right comfort him. He already has great might, and the blessings sent down are easy.

於皇武王！無競維烈。允文文王，克開厥後。嗣武受之，勝殷遏劉，耆定爾功。

Great King Wu! There is no achievement to compare. The trustworthy and cultured King Wen was able to establish his descendants. He continued his martial achievement and received it, conquered Yin and stopped the killing, and fixed your achievement.

閔予小子，遭家不造，嬛嬛在疚。於乎皇考，永世克孝。

Take pity on me, a young one, who have met misfortune in my house, alone in worry and illness. Alas, august father, may I be able to fulfil filial duty for all ages.

念茲皇祖，陟降庭止。維予小子，夙夜敬止。於乎皇王，繼序思不忘。

I think of this august grandfather, ascending and descending in the court. I, the young one, from morning to night am reverent and careful. Alas, august king, I continue in succession and think of you without forgetting.

訪予落止，率時昭考。於乎悠哉，朕未有艾。將予就之，繼猶判渙。

I consult as I first take the throne, following this illustrious father. Alas, how distant it is, and I have not yet experienced it. Help me to go to it; I continue the plans yet they are still scattered.

維予小子，未堪家多難。紹庭上下，陟降厥家。休矣皇考，以保明其身。

I, the young one, cannot bear the many troubles of my house. I continue in court above and below, ascending and descending in his house. How fine, my august father, who comes to keep himself whole and make himself clear.

敬之敬之，天維顯思，命不易哉。無曰高高在上，陟降厥士，日監在茲。

Be reverent, be reverent; Heaven is manifest, and its mandate is not easy. Do not say it is high above; it ascends and descends among those officers, and watches daily over what is here.

維予小子，不聰敬止。日就月將，學有緝熙於光明。佛時仔肩，示我顯德行。

I, the young one, am not clever or reverent. Let each day bring accomplishment, and each month some advance; may learning continue in radiance until it is bright. Help me carry this burden and show me bright virtue.

予其懲，而毖後患。莫予荓蜂，自求辛螫。肇允彼桃蟲，拚飛維鳥。未堪家多難，予又集於蓼。

I will take warning, and be careful of troubles afterward. There was no one leading me by the hand to poke the hornets' nest; I sought that sting myself. I first trusted the little wren, but it flew up as a great bird. I cannot bear the many troubles of my house, and I gather again in hardship.

載芟載柞，其耕澤澤。千耦其耘，徂隰徂畛。侯主侯伯，侯亞侯旅，侯彊侯以。

They weed and fell the trees, and the ploughing is loose and crumbling. A thousand pairs are weeding, going to the low lands and to the ridges. There are the master and the eldest son, the second and younger sons and the many young men, the strong and the hired workers.

有嗿其饁，思媚其婦，有依其士。有略其耜，俶載南畝，播厥百穀。實函斯活，驛驛其達。

The meal-bearers are numerous, longing for and loving their wives, who lean on those men. The ploughshares are sharp, and they begin working the southern acres, sowing those hundred grains. The seeds hold life and push up out of the earth in a rush.

有厭其傑，厭厭其苗，綿綿其麃。載獲濟濟，有實其積，萬億及秭。為酒為醴，烝畀祖妣，不洽百禮。

The outstanding seedlings are plump, the seedlings are evenly lush, and the weeding is unceasing. The harvest is abundant and plentiful, heaped up and full, ten thousand, a hundred thousand, up to a million. Make wine and sweet wine, and offer them to the ancestors, male and female, to accompany the hundred rites. (The source text has a miswritten character for "to" in the phrase here.)

有飶其香。邦家之光。有椒其馨，胡考之寧。匪且有且，匪今斯今，振古如茲。

There is the fragrance of aroma. It is the glory of the state and the family. There is the fragrance of pepper, the peace of long life. It is not that only now there is this now, nor that only today is today; it has been so since ancient times.

畟畟良耜，俶載南畝。播厥百穀，實函斯活。或來瞻女，載筐及莒，其饟伊黍。

Sharp and keen are the good ploughshares, which begin working the southern acres. They sow those hundred grains, the seeds holding life. Someone comes to see you, carrying baskets round and square, and the meal brought is millet.

其笠伊糾，其鎛斯趙，以薅荼蓼。荼蓼朽止，黍稷茂止。獲之挃挃，積之慄慄。

The straw hats are bound together, and the hoes strike the ground to clear the weeds in the fields. The weeds rot, and the millet and sorghum grow lush. The sound of reaping is dense, and the heaps are piled up in great numbers.

其崇如墉，其比如櫛。以開百室，百室盈止，婦子寧止。殺時犉牡，有捄其角。以似以續，續古之人。

Tall as a wall, dense as a comb. They come to open the hundred storehouses, and when the hundred storehouses are full, wives and children are at peace. They slaughter this great bull, its horns curved. They come to continue and to succeed, succeeding the ancients.

絲衣其紑，載弁俅俅。自堂徂基，自羊徂牛，鼐鼎及鼒，兕觥其觩。旨酒思柔。不吳不敖，胡考之休。

The silk garments are bright and clean, the skin caps are worn with respectful bearing. From the hall to the threshold, from the sheep to the oxen, great cauldrons and small cauldrons, the rhinoceros-horn cups are curved. The fine wine is thought of as soft and mild. Not loud and not arrogant, it is the glory of long life.

於鑠王師，遵養時晦。時純熙矣，是用大介。我龍受之，蹻蹻王之造。載用有嗣，實維爾公允師。

The shining king's army follows and nourishes this dim time. At this time it is pure and bright, and so greatly bestowed. I glory in receiving it; vigorous and strong is the king's doing. Thereupon there is a successor, truly your public trust as an army.

綏萬邦，屢豐年。天命匪解，桓桓武王。保有厥士，於以四方，克定厥家。於昭於天，皇以間之。

Comforting the myriad states, with repeated bountiful years. Heaven's mandate is not slack, and the valiant King Wu. He holds his officers, uses them across the four quarters, and is able to bring peace to his house. Brightness in heaven; August Heaven took him in place of Yin.

文王既勤止，我應受之。敷時繹思，我徂維求定。時周之命，於繹思。

King Wen has already toiled, and I should receive it. I set forth these and ponder them; I go forward seeking only peace. This is the mandate of Zhou. Ah, ponder it.

於皇時周！陟其高山，嶞山喬嶽，允猶翕河。敷天之下，裒時之對。時周之命。

How great is this Zhou! Ascending those high mountains, the small hills and high peaks, sincerely following and joining at the river. All under heaven gather at this time to respond. This is the mandate of Zhou.

駉駉牡馬，在坰之野。薄言駉者，有驈有皇，有驪有黃，以車彭彭。思無疆思，馬斯臧。

Fat and sturdy stallions, in the open fields of the far suburbs. Those fat horses, some with black bodies and white thighs, some yellow-white, some pure black, some yellow, used to draw carriages, strong and powerful. Thinking of there being no boundary, these horses are so good.

駉駉牡馬，在坰之野。薄言駉者，有騅有駓，有騂有騏，以車伾伾。思無期思，馬斯才。

Fat and sturdy stallions, in the open fields of the far suburbs. Those fat horses, some gray-white mottled, some yellow-white mottled, some red, some blue-black, used to draw carriages, very strong. Thinking of there being no limit of time, these horses have such talent.

駉駉牡馬，在坰之野。溥言駉者，有驒有駱，有騮有雒，以車繹繹。思無斁思，馬斯作。

Fat and sturdy stallions, in the open fields of the far suburbs. Those fat horses, (the source text has a miswritten character in the opening phrase here) some blue-black with scale-like spots, some white with black manes, some red with black manes, some black with white manes, used to draw carriages, running with a smooth gait. Thinking of there being no weariness, these horses are so spirited.

駉駉牡馬，在坰之野。薄言駉者，有駰有騢，有驔有魚，以車祛祛。思無邪思，馬斯徂。

Fat and sturdy stallions, in the open fields of the far suburbs. Those fat horses, some pale black, some red-white mottled, some black with yellow spines, some with white around both eyes, used to draw carriages, strong and sturdy. Thinking of there being no wrongdoing, these horses go forward so.

有駜有駜，駜彼乘黃。夙夜在公，在公明明。振振鷺，鷺於下。鼓咽咽，醉言舞。於胥樂兮！

There are fat horses, there are fat horses, the fat ones being those four yellow horses. From morning to night in the ducal house, in the ducal house they work clearly and well. The egrets in their flurry, the egrets alight. The drums beat softly, and when drunk they dance. All are happy!

有駜有駜，駜彼乘牡。夙夜在公，在公飲酒。振振鷺，鷺于飛。鼓咽咽，醉言歸。於胥樂兮！

There are fat horses, there are fat horses, the fat ones being those four stallions. From morning to night in the ducal house, in the ducal house they drink wine. The egrets in their flurry, the egrets fly. The drums beat softly, and when drunk they return home. All are happy!

有駜有駜，駜彼乘駽。夙夜在公，在公載燕。自今以始，歲其有。君子有谷，詒孫子。於胥樂兮！

There are fat horses, there are fat horses, the fat ones being those four blue-black horses. From morning to night in the ducal house, in the ducal house they feast. From now on, every year there will be a good harvest. The gentleman has good emoluments, to leave to his descendants. All are happy!

思樂泮水，薄採其芹。魯侯戾止，言觀其旗。其旗茷茷，鸞聲噦噦。無小無大，從公於邁。

Thinking of the joyful Pan waters, we go to gather the water parsley. The Marquis of Lu has arrived, and we come to see his banners. The banners flutter and snap, and the bells ring in harmony. Whether small or great, all follow the duke on his journey.

思樂泮水，薄採其藻。魯侯戾止，其馬蹻蹻。其馬蹻蹻，其音昭昭。載色載笑，匪怒伊教。

Thinking of the joyful Pan waters, we go to gather the water algae. The Marquis of Lu has arrived, and his horses are strong and vigorous. His horses are strong and vigorous, and his voice is bright and clear. He is gentle in countenance and smiling; it is not anger but instruction.

思樂泮水，薄採其茆。魯侯戾止，在泮飲酒。既飲旨酒，永錫難老。順彼長道，屈此群醜。

Thinking of the joyful Pan waters, we go to gather the water shield. The Marquis of Lu has arrived, and drinks in the Pan Palace. He has drunk the fine wine, and may it be granted that he not grow old. Following that long road, he subdues these evil crowds.

穆穆魯侯，敬明其德。敬慎威儀，維民之則。允文允武，昭假烈祖。靡有不孝，自求伊祜。

The stately Marquis of Lu is reverent and clear in his virtue. Careful in dignified bearing, he is a model for the people. Truly cultured and truly martial, he shines before his meritorious ancestors. There is no unfilial act, and he seeks this blessing himself.

明明魯侯，克明其德。既作泮宮，淮夷攸服。矯矯虎臣，在泮獻馘。淑問如皋陶，在泮獻囚。

The bright Marquis of Lu is able to show forth his virtue. Having already built the Pan Palace, the Huai barbarians submit from this. The valiant tiger-like ministers present the left ears of the slain in the Pan Palace. Good at questioning like Gao Yao, they present the captives in the Pan Palace.

濟濟多士，克廣德心。桓桓於徵，狄彼東南。烝烝皇皇，不吳不揚。不告於訩，在泮獻功。

Many dignified officers are able to extend a virtuous heart. They march out valiantly, to clear away the southeast. Splendid and magnificent in their grandeur, not loud and not boastful. They do not take their disputes to litigation, and present their merits in the Pan Palace.

角弓其觩。束矢其搜。戎車孔博。徒御無斁。既克淮夷，孔淑不逆。式固爾猶，淮夷卒獲。

The horn bows are curved. The bundled arrows are numerous. The war chariots are very broad. Foot soldiers and charioteers do not tire. Having conquered the Huai barbarians, they are very good and do not defy. Make your plans firm, and the Huai barbarians are finally obtained.

翩彼飛鴞，集於泮林。食我桑黮，懷我好音。憬彼淮夷，來獻其琛。元龜象齒，大賂南金。

The owls flying in a flutter alight in the Pan woods. They eat my mulberries, and remember my good voice. The awakened Huai barbarians come to present their treasures. Great tortoises, ivory, and a great gift of southern gold.

閟宮有侐，實實枚枚。赫赫姜嫄，其德不回。上帝是依，無災無害。

The deeply closed palace temple is quiet, solid and finely made. The glorious Jiang Yuan, whose virtue was not wicked. God above relied on her, and there was no calamity.

彌月不遲，是生后稷。降之百福。黍稷重穋，稙稚菽麥。奄有下國，俾民稼穡。

A full term without delay, and then she gave birth to Hou Ji. A hundred blessings descended. Millet and sorghum early and late, rice early and late, beans and wheat early and late. He covered and possessed the lower states, and made the people farm.

有稷有黍，有稻有秬。奄有下土，纘禹之緒。后稷之孫，實維大王。

There was sorghum and millet, rice and black millet. He covered and possessed the lower lands, and continued the work of Yu. The grandson of Hou Ji was truly the Great King.

居岐之陽，實始剪商。至於文武，纘大王之緒，致天之屆，於牧之野。

He lived on the south side of Mount Qi, and truly began to weaken the Shang. Coming to King Wen and King Wu, who continued the work of the Great King, they carried out Heaven's punishment, at Muye.

無二無虞，上帝臨女。敦商之旅，克鹹厥功。王曰叔父，建爾元子，俾侯於魯。

Have no second thoughts and no doubts; God above looks upon you. Put the army of Shang in order, and be able to accomplish that achievement. The king said: Uncle, I invest your eldest son as marquis in Lu.

大啟爾宇，為周室輔。乃命魯公，俾侯於東。錫之山川，土田附庸。

Greatly open up your borders, and be a support to the House of Zhou. Then he commanded the Duke of Lu to become a marquis in the east, and gave him mountains and rivers, lands and fields, and dependent states.

周公之孫，莊公之子。龍旗承祀。六轡耳耳。春秋匪解，享祀不忒。

Grandson of the Duke of Zhou, son of Duke Zhuang, with the dragon banner he carries on the sacrifices. The six reins are soft and beautiful. Spring and autumn he is not remiss, and his offerings have no fault.

皇皇后帝！皇祖后稷！享以騂犧，是饗是宜。降福既多，周公皇祖，亦其福女。

August Lord on High! August ancestor Hou Ji! With red sacrificial victims we make offerings, and so you feast and are pleased. The blessings sent down are already many; the Duke of Zhou and the august ancestor send down blessings on you too.

秋而載嘗，夏而楅衡，白牡騂剛。犧尊將將，毛炰胾羹。籩豆大房，萬舞洋洋。

In autumn the autumn sacrifice is held, in summer the bullocks are fitted with horn-guards, white bulls and red bulls. The sacrificial vessels gleam; the meat is roasted whole with its hair and cut up for soup. The bamboo and wooden dishes and the great stands and platters, and the ten-thousand dance stretches broad and grand.

孝孫有慶。俾爾熾而昌，俾爾壽而臧。保彼東方，魯邦是嘗。不虧不崩，不震不騰。

The filial grandson has good fortune. May you flourish and be bright, may you live long and be good. May you hold that eastern land, and the state of Lu make its autumn sacrifice from here. Not diminished, not crumbling, not shaken, not overturned.

三壽作朋，如岡如陵。公車千乘，朱英綠縢。二矛重弓。公徒三萬，貝冑朱綅。

With the three elders as friends, like a ridge, like a mound. The duke's war chariots number a thousand, with red tassels and green cords. Two spears and double bows. The duke's foot soldiers number thirty thousand, with shell-adorned helmets stitched with red thread.

烝徒增增，戎狄是膺，荊舒是懲，則莫我敢承！俾爾昌而熾，俾爾壽而富。

The host of soldiers is vast and many; by them the Rong and Di are held off, the Jing and Shu are chastised, and no one dares to withstand me! May you be bright and flourishing, may you live long and be rich.

黃髮臺背，壽胥與試。俾爾昌而大，俾爾耆而艾。萬有千歲，眉壽無有害。

With yellow hair and wrinkled backs, may you compete in long life. May you be bright and great, may you grow old and be strong. May you live ten thousand and a thousand years, long-lived and free of calamity.

泰山岩巖，魯邦所詹。奄有龜蒙，遂荒大東。至於海邦，淮夷來同。

Mount Tai towers high, gazed upon by the state of Lu. It covers and holds Mount Gui and Mount Meng, and so extends to the far east. Reaching the states by the sea, the Huai barbarians come to the meeting.

莫不率從，魯侯之功。保有鳧繹，遂荒徐宅。至於海邦，淮夷蠻貊。

None does not submit; this is the merit of the Marquis of Lu. He holds Mount Fu and Mount Yi, and so extends to the dwelling place of the Xu people. Reaching the states by the sea, the Huai Yi, the Man and the Mo.

及彼南夷，莫不率從。莫敢不諾，魯侯是若。天錫公純嘏，眉壽保魯。

And those southern barbarians, none does not submit. None dares not to assent, and so the Marquis of Lu is obeyed. Heaven gives the duke great blessings, and long life to hold Lu.

居常與許，復周公之宇。魯侯燕喜，令妻壽母。宜大夫庶士，邦國是有。

He holds Chang and Xu, and restores the borders of the Duke of Zhou. The Marquis of Lu feasts and rejoices, with a good wife and a long-lived mother. Fitting to the grandees and the officers, and so the state is held.

既多受祉，黃髮兒齒。徂徠之松，新甫之柏。是斷是度，是尋是尺。

Having already received many blessings, with yellow hair and the teeth of a child. The pines of Mount Culai, the cypresses of Xinfu. Then they are cut, then split, then measured by the fathom, then by the foot.

松桷有舄，路寢孔碩，新廟奕奕。奚斯所作，孔曼且碩，萬民是若。

The pine rafters are thick and huge, the great hall is vast, and the new temple is grand. Made by Xi Si, very long and great; and the ten thousand people submit through it.

猗與那與！置我鞉鼓。奏鼓簡簡，衎我烈祖。湯孫奏假，綏我思成。

Oh, how beautiful and abundant! We set out our drums. The drums beat jian-jian, to delight our meritorious ancestor. The descendant of Tang plays the music to move the spirit, to soothe what we hope to accomplish.

鞉鼓淵淵，嘒嘒管聲。既和且平，依我磬聲。於赫湯孫！穆穆厥聲。

The drums boom deeply, the pipes sound clear and thin. Both harmonious and even, keeping to the sound of my stone chimes. How splendid the descendant of Tang! How solemn the sound.

庸鼓有斁，萬舞有奕。我有嘉客，亦不夷懌。自古在昔，先民有作。

The great bells and great drums sound full and rich, and the ten-thousand dance is grand and orderly. We have fine guests; are they not harmonious and pleased? From ancient times, the earlier people made it.

溫恭朝夕，執事有恪，顧予烝嘗，湯孫之將。

Mild and respectful morning and evening, acting with reverence, favor our winter and autumn sacrifices, the offering of the descendant of Tang.

嗟嗟烈祖！有秩斯祜。申錫無疆，及爾斯所。既載清酤，賚我思成。

Ah, ah, our meritorious ancestor! You have orderly blessings. Bestow them again without limit, until they reach this place of yours. The clear wine is already set out; grant what we hope to accomplish.

亦有和羹，既戒既平。鬷假無言，時靡有爭。綏我眉壽，黃耇無疆。

There is also the harmonized soup, prepared and set right. All gathered and moved to the spirit, no words are spoken, and at this time no one quarrels. Soothe my long life, with yellow hair without limit.

約軧錯衡，八鸞鶬鶬。以假以享，我受命溥將。自天降康，豐年穰穰。

The wheel hubs are wrapped in leather and the yokes patterned, and the eight bells chime cang-cang. They come to commune, come to feast, and I receive a mandate wide and long. From Heaven come down peace and health, and the harvest years are abundant.

來假來饗，降福無疆。顧予烝嘗，湯孫之將。

They come to commune, come to enjoy the feast, and send down blessings without limit. Favor our winter and autumn sacrifices, the offering of the descendant of Tang.

天命玄鳥，降而生商，宅殷土芒芒。古帝命武湯，正域彼四方。

Heaven commanded the dark bird, which came down and gave birth to Shang, who dwelt in the wide land of Yin. In ancient times the Lord on High commanded the martial Tang to fix the borders of the four quarters.

方命厥後，奄有九有。商之先後，受命不殆，在武丁孫子。武丁孫子，武王靡不勝。

He commanded all the lords widely, and covered and held the nine provinces. The former lords of Shang received the mandate without sloth, down to the descendant of Wuding. The descendant of Wuding, King Wu, was equal to everything.

龍旗十乘，大糦是承。邦畿千里，維民所止，肇域彼四海。

Ten dragon-banner carriages, bringing great offerings of millet. The royal domain of a thousand li is where the people dwell, and from it the borders were begun to the four seas.

四海來假，來假祁祁。景員維河。殷受命咸宜，百祿是何。

The four seas come to commune, come to commune in great numbers. Vast and encircling is the river. Yin received the mandate and all was fitting, and a hundred blessings were borne from here.

浚哲維商，長髮其祥。洪水芒芒，禹敷下土方。外大國是疆，幅隕既長。有娀方將，帝立子生商。

Deep and wise was Shang, long manifesting its good omens. The flood waters were vast, and Yu laid out the lands below in all directions. The great states outside were taken as borders, and the territory was already long. The Songs were growing strong, and the Lord set up a son who gave birth to Shang.

玄王桓撥，受小國是達，受大國是達。率履不越，遂視既發。相士烈烈。海外有截。

The Dark King Huanbo was martial and valiant; receiving small states he reached success, receiving great states he reached success. He followed ritual and did not overstep, and so his inspection was carried out. Xiangtu was fierce and glorious. Beyond the seas all was orderly and uniform.

帝命不違，至於湯齊。湯降不遲，聖敬日躋。昭假遲遲，上帝是祗，帝命式於九圍。

The Lord's mandate was not turned aside, and when it came to Tang he was equal to Heaven. Tang's birth was not late, his sage reverence rose day by day. His brilliance moved Heaven, slow and long-lasting; the Lord on High honored him for it, and the Lord's command became the standard for the nine provinces.

受小球大球，為下國綴旒，何天之休。不競不絿，不剛不柔。敷政優優。百祿是遒。

Receiving the small jade and the large jade, he was a model to the states below, bearing the beauty of Heaven. He did not strive, was not hurried, not hard and not soft. He spread his policies leisurely and mild. A hundred blessings gathered here.

受小共大共，為下國駿厖。何天之龍，敷奏其勇。不震不動，不戁不竦，百祿是總。

Receiving the small laws and the great laws, he was a thick shelter to the states below. Bearing Heaven's favor, he laid out and presented his valor. Not shaken and not wavering, not fearful and not startled, a hundred blessings gathered here all together.

武王載旆，有虔秉鉞。如火烈烈，則莫我敢曷。苞有三櫱，莫遂莫達。九有有截，韋顧既伐，昆吾夏桀。

King Wu carried the pennant, reverently holding the battle-axe. Like fire blazing, no one dared to hold me back. From the root came three shoots; none grew smoothly and none reached through. The nine provinces were orderly and uniform; Wei and Gu were already attacked, as were Kunwu and Jie of Xia.

昔在中葉，有震且業。允也天子，降予卿士。實維阿衡，實左右商王。

In earlier days, in the middle age, there was majesty and also danger. Trustworthy was the Son of Heaven, who sent down to me a minister. He was indeed Aheng, and truly assisted the king of Shang.

撻彼殷武，奮伐荊楚。深入其阻，裒荊之旅。有截其所，湯孫之緒。

Swift was the martial Yin, who rose to attack Jing and Chu. He went deep into their strongholds and gathered the army of Jing. He brought order and uniformity to that region, the work of the descendant of Tang.

維女荊楚，居國南鄉。昔有成湯，自彼氐羌，莫敢不來享，莫敢不來王。曰商是常。

You of Jing and Chu, who dwell in the south of the state. In the past, there was Cheng Tang, and from those Di and Qiang, none dared not to come to offer, none dared not to come to court the king. They said Shang was the constant lord.

天命多闢，設都於禹之績。歲事來闢，勿予禍適，稼穡匪解。

Heaven commanded the many lords to set up capitals on the achievements of Yu. Every year's business they came to court, and said: do not give me blame and punishment, and do not be lax in sowing and reaping.

天命降監，下民有嚴。不僭不濫，不敢怠遑。命於下國，封建厥福。

Heaven's mandate came down to inspect, and the people below have dignity. Not overstepping their place and not abusing punishments, they dare not be careless or idle. He commanded the states below and established their blessings.

商邑翼翼，四方之極。赫赫厥聲，濯濯厥靈。壽考且寧，以保我後生。

The capital of Shang is orderly and neat, a standard for the four quarters. Splendid is its fame, bright and shining its numinous power. Long-lived and peaceful, to preserve my descendants.

陟彼景山，松伯丸丸。是斷是遷，方斫是虔。松桷有梴，旅楹有閒，寢成孔安。

They climbed Mount Jing, where the pines and cypresses stand straight and tall. (The base text reads 'pine and uncle', where the character for 'uncle' is a miscopy of the one for 'cypress'.) Then they were cut, then moved, then hewn, then shaved. The pine rafters are long and straight, the many pillars are large and spacious, and when the ancestral temple was finished it was very peaceful.