Guo Feng (Airs of the States)
趣馬師氏，膳夫左右。靡人不周。無不能止，瞻卬昊天，雲如何裡！
The master of horses, the master of guards, the cooks, and the attendants. There is none who has not given relief. There is nothing that cannot stop; looking up to vast Heaven, how can there be such worry!
瞻卬昊天，有嘒其星。大夫君子，昭假無贏。大命近止，無棄爾成。
Looking up to vast Heaven, the stars twinkle faintly. Great officers and gentlemen, your clear and responsive piety has nothing to spare. The great mandate is nearly at an end; do not abandon your accomplishments.
何求為我。以戾庶正。瞻卬昊天，曷惠其寧？
What do I seek that is for myself? It is to settle the heads of the officials. Looking up to vast Heaven, when will it grant peace?
崧高維嶽，駿極於天。維嶽降神，生甫及申。維申及甫，維周之翰。四國於蕃。四方於宣。
Lofty is the sacred mountain, high to the sky. The mountain sent down a spirit, who gave birth to the Marquis of Fu and Lord Shen. Lord Shen and the Marquis of Fu are the backbone of Zhou. The four states rely on them as a fence, and the four quarters rely on them to spread the reputation.
亹亹申伯，王纘之事。於邑於謝，南國是式。王命召伯，定申伯之宅。登是南邦，世執其功。
The diligent Lord Shen was made by the king to continue this task. He made a city at Xie, and the southern states took him as a model. The king commanded the Lord of Shao to settle Lord Shen's residence. To accomplish this southern state, he will hold this achievement for generations.
王命申伯，式是南邦。因是謝人，以作爾庸。王命召伯，徹申伯土田。王命傅御，遷其私人。
The king commanded Lord Shen to be the model of this southern state. Rely on these people of Xie to build your city. The king commanded the Lord of Shao to manage Lord Shen's fields. The king commanded the tutor and the chief of the guard to move his household.
申伯之功，召伯是營。有俶其城，寢廟既成。既成藐藐，王錫申伯。四牡蹻蹻，鉤膺濯濯。
Lord Shen's achievement was carefully managed by the Lord of Shao. The city began anew, and the ancestral temple was already built. Magnificent and grand once completed, the king bestowed it on Lord Shen. The four stallions are strong and robust, and the chest ornaments are glossy and bright.
王遣申伯，路車乘馬。我圖爾居，莫如南土。錫爾介圭，以作爾寶。往近王舅，南土是保。
The king sent Lord Shen great carriages and horses to draw them. I considered your dwelling, and there is none better than the southern land. I give you a great jade gui as your treasure. Go, royal uncle; the southern land will be kept whole thereby.
申伯信邁，王餞於郿。申伯還南，謝於誠歸。王命召伯，徹申伯土疆。以峙其粻，式遄其行。
Lord Shen truly set out, and the king gave him a farewell feast at Mei. Lord Shen returned to the south, sincerely returning to Xie. The king commanded the Lord of Shao to manage Lord Shen's lands and boundaries. To prepare his provisions and let him go quickly.
申伯番番，既入於謝。徒御嘽嘽。周邦鹹喜，戎有良翰。不顯申伯，王之元舅，文武是憲。
Lord Shen is bold and martial, and has already entered Xie. Foot soldiers and charioteers are numerous and imposing. The states of Zhou are all glad: you have a good backbone. Is not Lord Shen eminent, the king's great uncle, the model for the civil and the martial?
申伯之德，柔惠且直。揉此萬邦，聞於四國。吉甫作誦，其詩孔碩。其風四好，以贈申伯。
Lord Shen's virtue is gentle, kind, and upright. He pacifies the myriad states, and is renowned across the four states. Jifu composed this hymn, a great poem. Its melody is beautiful (the source text has a variant character for "therefore" here). It is presented to Lord Shen.
天生烝民，有物有則。民之秉彝，好是懿德。天監有周，昭假於下。保茲天子，生仲山甫。
Heaven gave birth to the multitude of people, and there are things and rules for them. The people hold to their constant nature and love this fine virtue. Heaven watched over Zhou, and its brightness reached down below. It protected this Son of Heaven and gave birth to Zhong Shanfu.
仲山甫之德，柔嘉維則。令儀令色。小心翼翼。古訓是式。威儀是力。天子是若，明命使賦。
Zhong Shanfu's virtue is gentle and fine, and a model. He has a good bearing and a good countenance. He is careful and reverent. He takes the ancient teachings as his rule. He works hard to cultivate dignified conduct. The Son of Heaven follows him, and his clear mandate has him announce it.
王命仲山甫，式是百辟，纘戎祖考，王躬是保。出納王命，王之喉舌。賦政於外，四方爰發。
The king commanded Zhong Shanfu to be the model for these hundred lords, to continue his forebears' tradition, and thereby the king's person is kept whole. He receives and delivers the king's commands, and is the king's throat and tongue. He promulgates government orders abroad, and the four quarters set out accordingly.
肅肅王命，仲山甫將之。邦國若否，仲山甫明之。既明且哲，以保其身。夙夜匪解，以事一人。
The king's commands are solemn, and Zhong Shanfu carries them out. Whether a state is good or not good, Zhong Shanfu makes it clear. Being both discerning and wise, he keeps himself whole. From morning to night he does not slacken, in serving the one man.
人亦有言，柔則茹之，剛則吐之。維仲山甫，柔亦不茹，剛亦不吐。不侮矜寡，不畏強禦。
People also have a saying: what is soft they swallow, and what is hard they spit out. Only Zhong Shanfu does not swallow what is soft nor spit out what is hard. He does not bully widowers and widows, and does not fear the strong and violent.
人亦有言，德輶如毛，民鮮克舉之。我儀圖之，維仲山甫舉之。愛莫助之。袞職有闕，維仲山甫補之。
People also have a saying: virtue is as light as a hair, and few people can lift it. I weigh it and find that only Zhong Shanfu lifts it. I love him but cannot help him. When the king's robe has a flaw, only Zhong Shanfu mends it.
仲山甫出祖。四牡業業。征夫捷捷，每懷靡及。四牡彭彭，八鸞鏘鏘。王命仲山甫，城彼東方。
Zhong Shanfu goes out to sacrifice to the road god. The four stallions are tall and mighty. The marching men are quick and nimble, always anxious that they cannot keep up. The four stallions are strong and the eight bells ring clearly. The king commanded Zhong Shanfu to build a city in the east.
四牡騤騤，八鸞喈喈。仲山甫徂齊，式遄其歸。吉甫作誦，穆如清風。仲山甫永懷，以慰其心。
The four stallions are powerful, and the eight bells ring in harmony. Zhong Shanfu goes to Qi, and he should hurry back. Jifu composed this hymn, gentle and harmonious like a clear breeze. Zhong Shanfu has long been in my thoughts, and this is to comfort his heart.
奕奕梁山，維禹甸之，有倬其道。
Magnificent is Mount Liang, which Yu regulated, with broad roads.
韓侯受命，王親命之：纘戎祖考，無廢朕命。
The Marquis of Han received his commission, and the king personally commanded him: continue the work of your forebears, and do not abandon my command.
夙夜匪解，虔共爾位，朕命不易。
From morning to night do not slacken, be sincerely respectful in your post; my command is not an easy one.
粲不庭方，以佐戎闢。四牡奕奕，孔修且張。
Chastise the states that do not come to court, and so assist your lord. (The source text has a miswritten character in the phrase "states that do not come to court"; the correct reading is "correct," meaning to set right.) The four stallions are splendid, very long and strong.
韓侯入覲，以其介圭，入覲於王。
The Marquis of Han entered for an audience, bearing his great jade gui, and entered to meet the king.
王錫韓侯，淑旗綏章，簟茀錯衡。
The king gave the Marquis of Han a fine banner, a ribbon with insignia, a bamboo-mat carriage screen, and a patterned carriage yoke.
玄袞赤舄，鉤膺鏤錫，鞹鞃淺幭，鞗革金厄。
A dark robe with dragon designs, red shoes, a breast strap, a gilt forehead ornament, a light-colored cover over the crossbar, and gold rings on the bridle.
韓侯出祖，出宿於屠。顯父餞之，清酒百壺。
The Marquis of Han went out and sacrificed to the road god, and lodged at Tu on leaving the gate. Xianfu gave him a farewell feast, with a hundred pots of clear wine.
其殽維何？炰鱉鮮魚。其蔌維何？維筍及蒲。
What were the dishes? Stewed soft-shelled turtle and fresh fish. What were the vegetables? Bamboo shoots and rushes.
其贈維何？乘馬路車。籩豆有且。侯氏燕胥。
What were the gifts? Draft horses and great carriages. The ritual baskets and vessels were abundant. The lords feasted and made merry.
韓侯取妻，汾王之甥，蹶父之子。
The Marquis of Han took a wife, the niece of the Prince of Fen, the daughter of Jue Fu.
韓侯迎止，於蹶之裡。
The Marquis of Han went to meet her, in the lane of Jue Fu.
百兩彭彭，八鸞鏘鏘，不顯其光。
A hundred carriages rumbled, eight bells rang clearly; was not that radiance conspicuous?
諸娣從之，祁祁如雲。韓侯顧之，爛其盈門。
The many younger sisters followed her, numerous as clouds. The Marquis of Han looked back at them, brilliant and filling the gate.
蹶父孔武，靡國不到。為韓姞相攸，莫如韓樂。
Jue Fu was very brave, and there was no state he had not visited. In choosing a home for Han Ji, none is happier than Han.
孔樂韓土，川澤訏訏，魴鱮甫甫，麀鹿噳噳。
The land of Han is very happy, with broad rivers and marshes, fat bream and tench, and many does.
有熊有羆，有貓有虎。慶既令居，韓姞燕譽。
There are bears and brown bears, there are wildcats and tigers. Happy to already have a good home, Han Ji is joyful and has a good reputation.
溥彼韓城，燕師所完。以先祖受命，因時百蠻。
The great city wall of Han was completed by the soldiers of Yan. Because of the mandate received by the ancestors, it holds sway over these hundred Man tribes.
王錫韓侯，其追其貊。奄受北國，因以其伯。
The king gave the Marquis of Han the Zhui tribe and the Mo tribe. He received and held the northern states, and thereby became their chief of the regional lords.
實墉實壑，實畝實藉。獻其貔皮，赤豹黃羆。
Then they built walls and dug moats, then they regulated the fields and collected taxes. They presented the skins of the pixiu, red leopards, and yellow bears.
江漢浮浮，武夫滔滔。匪安匪遊，淮夷來求。既出我車，既設我旟。匪安匪舒，淮夷來鋪。
The Yangtze and Han rivers flow broad, and the warriors are numerous. It is not for leisure and not for play; they come to seek out the Huai barbarians. My carriages have already been brought out, and my falcon banners have been raised. It is not for ease and not for slackness; they come to deploy the army against the Huai barbarians.
江漢湯湯，武夫洸洸。經營四方，告成於王。四方既平，王國庶定。時靡有爭，王心載寧。
The Yangtze and Han rivers surge, and the warriors are mighty and martial. They administer the four quarters and report their success to the king. The four quarters are already pacified, and the royal state may be at peace. At this time there is no contention, and the king's heart is at rest.
江漢之滸，王命召虎：式闢四方，徹我疆土。匪疚匪棘，王國來極。於疆於理，至於南海。
By the banks of the Yangtze and Han, the king commanded Hu of Shao: open up the four quarters and regulate my frontier. It is not a harm and not an emergency; the royal state will come to take its model. Then fix the boundaries and set them in order, reaching the Southern Sea.
王命召虎：來旬來宣。文武受命，召公維翰。無曰予小子，召公是似。肇敏戎公，用錫爾祉。
The king commanded Hu of Shao: come to inspect and come to proclaim. King Wen and King Wu received the mandate, and the Duke of Shao was the backbone. Do not say that I am young; be like the Duke of Shao. Quickly establish your achievement, and it will be given to you as a blessing.
釐爾圭瓚，秬鬯一卣。告於文人，錫山土田。於周受命，自召祖命，虎拜稽首：天子萬年！
I give you a jade libation ladle and a jar of black-millet fragrant wine. Report to those with cultured virtue, and I grant you mountains and fields. Receive the mandate in Zhou, following the order of the ancestor Shao; Hu of Shao bowed and touched his head to the ground: May the Son of Heaven live ten thousand years!
虎拜稽首，對揚王休。作召公考：天子萬壽！明明天子，令聞不已，矢其文德，洽此四國。
Hu of Shao bowed and touched his head to the ground, replying to extol the king's excellence. He made the achievement of the Duke of Shao: may the Son of Heaven have ten thousand years of life! Brilliant Son of Heaven, his fine name will not cease; he spreads his cultured virtue and harmonizes these four states.
赫赫明明。王命卿士，南仲大祖，大師皇父。整我六師，以修我戎。既敬既戒，惠此南國。
Resplendent and brilliant. The king commanded the ministers; Nan Zhong was the great ancestor, and the Grand Tutor was Huangfu. Put my six armies in order and repair my weapons. Reverent and cautious, be kind to this southern land.
王謂尹氏，命程伯休父，左右陳行。戒我師旅，率彼淮浦，省此徐土。不留不處，三事就緒。
The king said to the Yin clan, commanding Cheng Bo Xiufu, arrange the ranks left and right in rows. Admonish my troops, and along the banks of the Huai inspect this land of Xu. Do not stay and do not rest; the three tasks are already in readiness.
赫赫業業，有嚴天子。王舒保作，匪紹匪遊。徐方繹騷，震驚徐方。如雷如霆，徐方震驚。
Resplendent and mighty, the awe-inspiring Son of Heaven. The king moves calmly and steadily, not in haste and not for play. The land of Xu is in continual unrest and the land of Xu is shaken. Like thunder, like a thunderclap, the land of Xu is shaken.
王奮厥武，如震如怒。進厥虎臣，闞如虓虎。鋪敦淮濆，仍執醜虜。截彼淮浦，王師之所。
The king rouses his martial power, like thunder striking, like fury. He puts to use his tiger-like ministers, fierce as angry tigers. They deploy the army and camp along the Huai, and capture prisoners as they go. Cutting off the banks of the Huai is where the king's army stands.
王旅嘽嘽，如飛如翰。如江如漢，如山之苞。如川之流，綿綿翼翼。不測不克，濯徵徐國。
The king's army is numerous and imposing, as if flying, as if soaring. Like the Yangtze and the Han, like the foundation of a mountain. Like the flow of a river, continuous and orderly. It cannot be fathomed and cannot be overcome; the great expedition against the state of Xu.
王猶允塞，徐方既來。徐方既同，天子之功。四方既平，徐方來庭。徐方不回，王曰還歸。
The king's plans are indeed solid, and the land of Xu has already come. The land of Xu has already joined the assembly; it is the achievement of the Son of Heaven. The four quarters are already pacified, and the land of Xu has come to court. The land of Xu is not wicked, and the king says: let them return.
瞻卬昊天，則不我惠。孔填不寧，降此大厲。邦靡有定，士民其瘵。
Looking up to vast Heaven, it does not show kindness to me. For a long time there has been no peace, and it has sent down this great calamity. The state is not at peace, and the scholars and people are in distress.
蟊賊蟊疾，靡有夷屆。罪罟不收，靡有夷瘳。
Pests and thieves do harm, and there is no end to their settling. The net of punishment is not taken in, and there is no healing for the settling.
人有土田，女反有之。人有民人，女覆奪之。此宜無罪，女反收之。
Others have land and fields, yet you take possession of them. Others have people, yet you seize them. This man should be without guilt, yet you arrest him.
彼宜有罪，女覆說之。
That man should be guilty, yet you let him off.
哲夫成城，哲婦傾城。懿厥哲婦，為梟為鴟。婦有長舌，維厲之階。
A wise man builds a city, a wise woman overturns a city. How fine is that wise woman, yet she is an owl, a screech owl. A woman with a long tongue is the step to disaster.
亂匪降自天，生自婦人。匪教匪誨，時維婦寺。
Disorder does not come down from Heaven; it is born from women. It is not teaching and not instruction; at this time it is only women and eunuchs.
鞫人忮忒。譖始競背。豈曰不極？伊胡為慝？如賈三倍，君子是識。
They probe into people and are jealous and harmful, deceitful and treacherous. Slander begins and they compete in betrayal. Can one say it is not extreme? Why do they do evil? Like merchants earning threefold profit, yet the gentleman sees through it.
婦無公事，休其蠶織。
A woman has no public affairs; she should cease her silkworm raising and weaving.
天何以剌？何神不富？舍爾介狄，維予胥忌。不弔不祥，威儀不類。
Why does Heaven punish? What spirit does not bestow blessings? You let loose your great barbarian troubles, and only quarrel with me out of mutual envy. Not good, not auspicious, and dignified bearing is not as it should be.