Guo Feng (Airs of the States)

侵阮徂共。王赫斯怒，爰整其旅，以按徂旅。以篤於周祜，以對於天下。

invading the land of Ruan and going to Gong. The king flared up in anger, and then drilled his army to stop the army going to Ju. To increase Zhou's blessing, and to answer the world.

依其在京，侵自阮疆。陟我高岡，無矢我陵。我陵我阿，無飲我泉，

Relying on his position in the capital, he advanced from the Ruan border. Climb my high ridge, and do not draw up your troops on my hills. My hills, my slopes, do not drink my spring water,

我泉我池。度其鮮原，居岐之陽，在渭之將。萬邦之方，下民之王。

my spring and my pond. He measured the small hills and plains, and settled south of Mount Qi, on the banks of the Wei. He is the model of the ten thousand states, the king of the people below.

帝謂文王：予懷明德，不大聲以色，不長夏以革。不識不知，順帝之則。

The Lord said to King Wen: I cherish bright virtue, which does not raise its voice or show anger, and does not long use the rod and switch. Without knowing and without being aware, he follows the Lord's rule.

帝謂文王：訽爾仇方，同爾弟兄。以爾鉤援，與爾臨沖，以伐崇墉。

The Lord said to King Wen: consult your friendly states, and join your brothers. With your hooks and ladders, and your lookout towers and battering carriages, attack the walls of Chong.

臨沖閒閒，崇墉言言。執訊連連，攸馘安安。是類是禡，是致是附，

The lookout towers and battering carriages are calm and unhurried, the walls of Chong are high and grand. They seize spies one after another, the left ears taken are calmly counted. Then they perform the lei sacrifice and the ma sacrifice, then they call in and soothe,

四方以無侮。臨沖茀茀，崇墉仡仡。是伐是四，是絕是忽。四方以無拂。

and so the four quarters are not insulted. The lookout towers and battering carriages are strong and vigorous, the walls of Chong towering. Then they attack, then they put in order, (the base text has "si", four, where "si", then, is meant) then they wipe out, then they destroy. So the four quarters are not defiant.

經始靈臺，經之營之。庶民攻之，不日成之。經始勿亟，庶民子來。

They began to build the Spirit Terrace, measuring it and laying it out. The common people worked at it, and in less than a day it was done. At the start he said not to hurry, but the common people came like sons.

王在靈囿，麀鹿攸伏。麀鹿濯濯，白鳥翯翯。王在靈沼，於牣魚躍。

The king was in the Spirit Park, where the doe lay down. The does were sleek and glossy, and the white birds were pure white. The king was at the Spirit Pond, and the pond was full of leaping fish.

虡業維樅，賁鼓維鏞。於論鼓鍾，於樂辟雍。

The bell frames have their tall teeth, the great drums and great bells. Then they strike the bells in order, and are joyful at the Biyong.

於論鼓鍾，於樂辟雍。鼉鼓逢逢。矇瞍奏公。

Then they strike the bells in order, and are joyful at the Biyong. The crocodile-skin drums boom. The blind musicians perform public service.

下武維周，世有哲王。三後在天，王配於京。

The one who continued the martial achievement of the former kings was Zhou, and generation after generation had wise kings. The Three Kings are in heaven, and the king is their match in the capital.

王配於京，世德作求。永言配命，成王之孚。

The king is their match in the capital, and the virtue of generations is what he pursues. Forever matching the mandate, he completes the king's trustworthiness.

成王之孚，下土之式。永言孝思，孝思維則。

He completes the king's trustworthiness, and is the model for the lands below. Forever thinking of filial piety, filial piety is the rule.

媚茲一人，應侯順德。永言孝思，昭哉嗣服。

Loving this one man, he should be able to accord with virtue. Forever thinking of filial piety, how bright it is to continue his ancestors' work.

昭茲來許，繩其祖武。於萬斯年，受天之祜。

Brightly he continues the later appointments, following in the footsteps of his ancestors. For ten thousand years, he receives Heaven's blessing.

受天之祜，四方來賀。於萬斯年，不遐有佐。

He receives Heaven's blessing, and the four quarters come to congratulate him. For ten thousand years, how could he lack assistants.

文王有聲，遹駿有聲。遹求厥寧，遹觀厥成。文王烝哉！

King Wen had fame, and so he had great fame. Then he sought peace, then he saw success. How splendid was King Wen!

文王受命，有此武功。既伐於崇，作邑於豐。文王烝哉！

King Wen received the mandate, and had these martial achievements. He had attacked the state of Chong and made a city at Feng. How splendid was King Wen!

築城伊淢，作豐伊匹。匪棘其欲，遹追來孝。王后烝哉！

He built walls with a moat, and made the city of Feng to match. It was not to hurry his own desires, but to follow in filial devotion to his forebears. How splendid was the king!

王公伊濯，維豐之垣。四方攸同，王后維翰。王后烝哉！

The king's merit was so manifest, as the walls of Feng. Where the four quarters assemble, the king is the backbone. How splendid was the king!

豐水東注，維禹之績。四方攸同，皇王維闢。皇王烝哉！

The Feng River flows east, which was Yu's achievement. Where the four quarters assemble, the august king is their lord. How splendid was the august king!

鎬京辟雍，自西自東，自南自北，無思不服。皇王烝哉！

At Haojing there was the Biyong, from west to east, from south to north, none thought of coming and did not submit. How splendid was the august king!

考卜維王，宅是鎬京。維龜正之，武王成之。武王烝哉！

The one who divined was the king, and he settled in this Haojing. The tortoise shell determined it, and King Wu completed it. How splendid was King Wu!

豐水有芑，武王豈不仕？詒厥孫謀，以燕翼子。武王烝哉！

The Feng River has its millet; how could King Wu not do his work? He left plans for his descendants, to make secure and shelter his sons. How splendid was King Wu!

厥初生民，時維姜嫄。生民如何？克禋克祀，以弗無子。

At the very first when the people were born, it was Jiang Yuan. How did she bear the people? She was able to perform the pure sacrifice, to remove childlessness.

履帝武敏歆，攸介攸止，載震載夙。載生載育，時維后稷。

She trod on the toe of the Lord's footprint and was moved with joy, then she grew large, then she rested, then she conceived, then she was reverent. Then she gave birth, then she raised him, and this was Hou Ji.

誕彌厥月，先生如達。不拆不副，無菑無害。以赫厥靈。

Her pregnancy was full term, and the first birth was easy as a lamb's. It did not tear or split, and there was no harm. To show forth that spirit.

上帝不寧，不康禋祀，居然生子。

The Lord on High was not at peace, and was not pleased with the sacrifice, yet she bore a son.

誕寘之隘巷，牛羊腓字之。誕寘之平林，會伐平林。

Then they placed him in a narrow lane, and oxen and sheep sheltered and suckled him. Then they placed him in a level forest, and just then it was being cut.

誕寘之寒冰，鳥覆翼之。鳥乃去矣，后稷呱矣。

Then they placed him on cold ice, and birds covered him with their wings. When the birds left, Hou Ji cried out.

實覃實訏，厥聲載路。誕實匍匐，克岐克嶷。以就口食。

Truly he grew long, truly he grew large, and his voice filled the road. Then truly he could crawl, and could understand and distinguish. He went and sought food for his mouth.

蓺之荏菽，荏菽旆旆。禾役穟穟，麻麥幪幪，瓜瓞唪唪。

He planted the beans, and the bean plants waved and rose. The grain ears hung down heavily, the hemp and wheat were thick and lush, and the great and small melons were abundant.

誕后稷之穡，有相之道。茀厥豐草，種之黃茂。實方實苞，實種實褎。

The farming of Hou Ji had a method of assistance. He removed the thick weeds and sowed the yellow, fine good grain. Truly it sprouted, truly it budded, truly it grew shoots, truly it put out stalks.

實發實秀，實堅實好。實穎實栗，即有邰家室。

Truly it tillered, truly it ears, truly it firmed, truly it was fine. Truly it hung its ears, truly it was abundant, and he went to Tai and made a home there.

誕降嘉種，維秬維秠，維穈維芑。恆之秬秠，是獲是畝。

Then he sent down the good seeds: the black millet, the one husk with two kernels, the red sorghum, the white sorghum. He sowed everywhere the black millet and the double-kernel millet, and then harvested and heaped it in the fields.

恆之穈芑，是任是負。以歸肇祀。

He sowed everywhere the red sorghum and the white sorghum, then carried it on shoulder and back. Returning, they began the sacrifice.

誕我祀如何？或舂或揄，或簸或蹂。釋之叟叟，烝之浮浮。

How do we sacrifice? Some pound, some scoop, some winnow, some tread. The washing of rice sounds sou sou, and the steaming of rice rises in puffs of steam.

載謀載惟。取蕭祭脂，取羝以軷，載燔載烈，以興嗣歲。

Then they plan, then they think. They take mugwort and offer fat, take a ram to sacrifice to the road spirit, then burn, then roast, to bring about the coming year.

卬盛於豆，於豆於登。其香始升，上帝居歆。胡臭亶時。

I fill the bean vessels, the bean vessels and the deng vessels. The fragrance begins to rise, and the Lord on High is at ease and enjoys it. That fragrance is truly timely.

后稷肇祀。庶無罪悔，以迄於今。

Hou Ji began the sacrifice. May there be no fault or regret, until this day.

敦彼行葦，牛羊勿踐履。方苞方體，維葉泥泥。

The reeds growing thick by the road, let no oxen or sheep trample them. They are just forming buds, just taking shape, their leaves soft and glossy.

慼慼兄弟，莫遠具爾。或四之筵，或授之幾。

Dear brothers, do not be distant, but all be close. Some spread out the mats, (the base text has "si", four, where "si", spread, is meant) and some hand over the stools.

四筵設席，授幾有緝御。或獻或酢，洗爵奠斝。

They spread the mats and set out the seats (the base text has "si" for "si" again), and those who hand over the stools are attended in turn. Some offer, some pledge in return, they wash the cups and set down the jue.

醓醢以薦，或燔或炙。嘉餚脾臄，或歌或咢。

Meat sauce is presented, some roasted and some broiled. The fine dishes are the spleen and the mouth meat, some sing and some only beat the drum.

敦弓既堅，四鍭既均，舍矢既均，序賓以賢。

The carved bows are already firm, and the four metal arrowheads are even; the shooting is even, and the guests are ranked by merit.

敦弓既句，既挾四鍭。四鍭如樹，序賓以不侮。

The carved bows are already drawn full, and they hold four metal-tipped arrows. The four metal arrowheads stand like a tree, and the guests are ranked by non-arrogance.

曾孫維主，酒醴維醽，酌以大斗，以祈黃耇。

The great-grandson is the host, the wine is clear wine, poured from a great dipper, to seek long life of the yellow-haired.

黃耇臺背，以引以翼。壽考維祺，以介景福。

With yellow hair and a back like a sea bream's, they lead and assist. Long life is good fortune, and seeks great blessings.

既醉以酒，既飽以德。君子萬年，介爾景福。

Already drunk with wine, already full with virtue. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and be given great blessings.

既醉以酒，爾餚既將。君子萬年，介爾昭明。

Already drunk with wine, your dishes already served. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and be given brightness.

昭明有融，高朗令終，令終有俶。公屍嘉告。

The brightness is warm and glowing, lofty and clear with a good end, and a good end brings a good beginning. The impersonator, fine, makes his announcement.

其告維何？籩豆靜嘉。朋友攸攝，攝以威儀。

What is his announcement? The bamboo and wooden dishes are clean and fine. What friends assist, they assist with dignified bearing.

威儀孔時，君子有孝子。孝子不匱，永錫爾類。

The dignified bearing is very timely, and the gentleman has a filial son. The filial son is not lacking, and forever gives you your kind.

其類維何？室家之壺。君子萬年，永錫祚胤。

What is that kind? It is within the palace of the household. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and forever be given blessing for his heirs.

其胤維何？天被爾祿。君子萬年，景命有僕。

What are those heirs? Heaven covers your rank. May the gentleman live ten thousand years, and the great mandate have followers.

其僕維何？釐爾女士。釐爾女士，從以孫子。

What are those followers? They give you women and scholars. They give you women and scholars, and after them come sons and grandsons.

鳧鷖在涇，公屍在燕來寧。爾酒既清，爾餚既馨。公屍燕飲，福祿來成。

The wild ducks and gulls are on the Jing River, and the impersonator feasts in peace. Your wine is clear, your dishes are fragrant. The impersonator feasts, and blessings and rank are accomplished.

鳧鷖在沙，公屍來燕來宜。爾酒既多，爾餚既嘉。公屍燕飲，福祿來為。

The wild ducks and gulls are on the sand, and the impersonator comes to feast in comfort. Your wine is plentiful, your dishes are fine. The impersonator feasts, and blessings and rank are made.

鳧鷖在渚，公屍來燕來處。爾酒既湑，爾餚伊脯。公屍燕飲，福祿來下。

The wild ducks and gulls are on the islet, and the impersonator comes to feast in rest. Your wine is clear, your dish is dried meat. The impersonator feasts, and blessings and rank come down.