Guo Feng (Airs of the States)

鳧鷖在潀，公屍來燕來宗，既燕於宗，福祿攸降。公屍燕飲，福祿來崇。

The wild ducks and gulls are where the waters meet, and the impersonator comes to feast in honor, having feasted in the ancestral hall, where blessings and rank come down. The impersonator feasts, and blessings and rank are heaped up.

鳧鷖在亹，公屍來止熏熏。旨酒欣欣，燔炙芬芬。公屍燕飲，無有後艱。

The wild ducks and gulls are at the gorge, and the impersonator comes, warm and glad. The fine wine is joyful, the roasts are fragrant. The impersonator feasts, and there will be no later hardships.

假樂君子，顯顯令德，宜民宜人。受祿於天，保右命之，自天申之。

The joyful gentleman, of shining virtue, is suited to the people and suited to men. He receives rank from Heaven, who protects and commands him, and gives to him again from Heaven.

千祿百福，子孫千億。穆穆皇皇，宜君宜王。不愆不忘，率由舊章。

A thousand kinds of rank, a hundred kinds of blessing, descendants in the thousands of millions. Solemn and august, he is fit to be a lord and fit to be a king. He makes no error and forgets nothing, and follows the old statutes.

威儀抑抑，德音秩秩。無怨無惡，率由群匹。受福無疆，四方之綱。

His dignity is composed and careful, his good name orderly and clear. He has no resentment and no hatred, and follows the company of his peers. He receives blessing without limit, and is the guide of the four quarters.

之綱之紀，燕及朋友。百辟卿士，媚於天子。不解於位，民之攸塈。

He is the guide and the discipline, and his feasts reach to friends. The hundred lords and ministers love the Son of Heaven. They do not slack in their posts, and are where the people find rest.

篤公劉，匪居匪康。乃埸乃疆，乃積乃倉；乃裹餱糧，於橐於囊。

Sincere Gong Liu was not greedy for ease or comfort. Then he marked the field boundaries, then fixed the borders, then he stored and put in the granaries; then he wrapped dry provisions, in small bags and in large bags.

思輯用光，弓矢斯張；干戈戚揚，爰方啟行。

Thinking of harmony to make it glorious, the bows and arrows were then drawn; shields, spears, axes and battle-axes, then they began the march.

篤公劉，於胥斯原。既庶既繁，既順乃宣，而無永嘆。陟則在巘，

Sincere Gong Liu then looked over the plain. They were already numerous and prosperous, already smooth and open, and there was no long sigh. Going up, they were on a small hill,

復降在原。何以舟之？維玉及瑤，鞞琫容刀。

and coming down again, on the plain. What did he wear at his belt? Jade and yao stone, and a knife with a jade-adorned scabbard.

篤公劉，逝彼百泉。瞻彼溥原，乃陟南岡。乃覯於京，京師之野。

Sincere Gong Liu went to the hundred springs. Looking out at the broad plain, then he climbed the southern ridge. Then he saw the capital site, the wilds of the capital.

於時處處，於時廬旅，於時言言，於時語語。

Here they dwelt, here they lodged, here they spoke, here they conversed.

篤公劉，於京斯依。蹌蹌濟濟，俾筵俾幾。既登乃依，乃造其曹。

Sincere Gong Liu, in the capital then settled. Stately and in full numbers, he had mats set out and stools set out. Having ascended, he leaned on the stool, and then his ministers came.

執豕於牢，酌之用匏。食之飲之，君之宗之。

In the pen they caught a pig, and poured wine with a gourd. He fed them and gave them drink, and became their lord and their chief.

篤公劉，既溥既長。既景乃岡，相其陰陽，觀其流泉。其軍三單，

Sincere Gong Liu, already broad and already long-lasting. He measured the sun's shadow and climbed the ridge, to see the shade and the sun, and to watch the flowing springs. His army was divided into three shifts in turn,

度其隰原。徹田為糧，度其夕陽。豳居允荒。

measuring the lowland plains. He tilled fields for army provisions, and measured the western side of the mountain, the place of the setting sun. The settlement at Bin was truly large.

篤公劉，於豳斯館。涉渭為亂，取厲取鍛，止基乃理。爰眾爰有，

Sincere Gong Liu, in Bin then built a lodge. He crossed the Wei River, took whetstones, took forging stones, and the foundation was then put in order. Then there were many people, then there were goods,

夾其皇澗。溯其過澗。止旅乃密，芮鞫之即。

flanking the Huang stream. Facing the Guo stream. The settlers were then dense, close to the bend of the Rui River.

泂酌彼行潦，挹彼注茲，可以餴饎。豈弟君子，民之父母。

Far off, draw the standing water by the road, draw it from there and pour it here, and it can steam rice. The joyful gentleman is the father and mother of the people.

泂酌彼行潦，挹彼注茲，可以濯罍。豈弟君子，民之攸歸。

Far off, draw the standing water by the road, draw it from there and pour it here, and it can wash the wine jars. The joyful gentleman is the one the people turn to.

泂酌彼行潦，挹彼注茲，可以濯溉。豈弟君子，民之攸墍。

Far off, draw the standing water by the road, draw it from there and pour it here, and it can wash and rinse. The joyful gentleman is where the people find rest.

有卷者阿，飄風自南。豈弟君子，來游來歌，以矢其音。

There is a winding hill, and a whirlwind comes from the south. The joyful gentleman comes to roam and to sing, to set forth his voice.

伴奐爾遊矣，優遊爾休矣。豈弟君子，俾爾彌爾性，似先公酋矣。

You are at leisure and unhurried, you rest at ease. The joyful and harmonious gentleman lets you live out your life to the full, and you accomplish things like the former dukes.

爾土宇昄章，亦孔之厚矣。豈弟君子，俾爾彌爾性，百神爾主矣。

Your lands and territory are broad and thick. The joyful and harmonious gentleman lets you live out your life to the full, and the hundred spirits take you as their lord.

爾受命長矣，茀祿爾康矣。豈弟君子，俾爾彌爾性，純嘏爾常矣。

You have received the mandate for a long time, and blessings and emoluments keep you in health and peace. The joyful and harmonious gentleman lets you live out your life to the full, and great blessing is your constant way.

有馮有翼，有孝有德，以引以翼。豈弟君子，四方為則。

He has support and helpers, he has filial devotion and virtue, to lead and to assist. The joyful and harmonious gentleman is taken as a model by the four quarters.

顒顒卬卬，如圭如璋，令聞令望。豈弟君子，四方為綱。

Solemn and dignified, lofty and full of spirit, like a jade gui, like a jade zhang, with a fine name and fine reputation. The joyful and harmonious gentleman is taken as a guiding principle by the four quarters.

鳳凰于飛，翽翽其羽，亦集爰止。藹藹王多吉士，維君子使，媚於天子。

The phoenix flies, its wings rustling, and it settles where it should settle. The king has many fine gentlemen, who serve only the gentleman and admire the Son of Heaven.

鳳凰于飛，翽翽其羽，亦傅於天。藹藹王多吉人，維君子命，媚於庶人。

The phoenix flies, its wings rustling, and it ascends to the sky. The king has many fine men, who obey only the gentleman's commands and care for the common people.

鳳凰鳴矣，於彼高岡。梧桐生矣，於彼朝陽。菶菶萋萋，雍雍喈喈。

The phoenix cries on that high ridge. The paulownia grows on the sunny side of the hill. It is lush and luxuriant, harmonious and melodious.

君子之車，既庶且多。君子之馬，既閒且馳。矢詩不多，維以遂歌。

The gentleman's carriages are many and numerous. The gentleman's horses are well trained and can gallop. The poem set forth is not long; it is used only to make a song.

民亦勞止，汔可小康。惠此中國，以綏四方。無縱詭隨，以謹無良。

The people are weary; they may perhaps be given a little rest. Be kind to this central realm, to bring peace to the four quarters. Do not indulge the deceitful and their followers, to guard against the wicked.

式遏寇虐，憯不畏明。柔遠能邇，以定我王。

Restrain the plunderers and oppressors, who do not fear the light. Soothe the distant and befriend the near, to steady our king.

民亦勞止，汔可小休。惠此中國，以為民逑。無縱詭隨，以謹惛怓。

The people are weary; they may perhaps be given a little respite. Be kind to this central realm, to be a match for the people. Do not indulge the deceitful and their followers, to guard against confusion and clamor.

式遏寇虐，無俾民憂。無棄爾勞，以為王休。

Restrain the plunderers and oppressors, and do not let the people be troubled. Do not discard your merit, and let it be the king's glory.

民亦勞止，汔可小息。惠此京師，以綏四國。無縱詭隨，以謹罔極。

The people are weary; they may perhaps be given a little rest. Be kind to this capital, to bring peace to the four states. Do not indulge the deceitful and their followers, to guard against lawlessness.

式遏寇虐，無俾作慝。敬慎威儀，以近有德。

Restrain the plunderers and oppressors, and do not let evil be done. Be careful in your dignified bearing, to draw near to people of virtue.

民亦勞止，汔可小愒。惠此中國，俾民憂洩。無縱詭隨，以謹醜厲。

The people are weary; they may perhaps be given a little relief. Be kind to this central realm, so that the people's grief may be released. Do not indulge the deceitful and their followers, to guard against the ugly and violent.

式遏寇虐，無俾正敗。戎雖小子，而式弘大。

Restrain the plunderers and oppressors, and do not let the right way be ruined. Though you are young, your usefulness is great.

民亦勞止，汔可小安。惠此中國，國無有殘。無縱詭隨，以謹繾綣。

The people are weary; they may perhaps be given a little peace. Be kind to this central realm, so that the state has no harm. Do not indulge the deceitful and their followers, to guard against entanglement.

式遏寇虐，無俾正反。王欲玉女，是用大諫。

Restrain the plunderers and oppressors, and do not let the right way be overturned. The king wishes to perfect you like jade, and therefore I remonstrate strongly.

上帝闆闆，下民卒癉。出話不然，為猶不遠。

God above is fickle, and the people below are at last worn out and sick. The words spoken are not right, and the plans made are not far-sighted.

靡聖管管。不實於亶。猶之未遠，是用大諫。

There is no sage, yet you act on your own authority. You are not full of sincerity. Your plans are not far-reaching, and therefore I remonstrate strongly.

天之方難，無然憲憲。天之方蹶，無然洩洩。

Heaven is sending down hardship; do not be so merry. Heaven is sending turmoil; do not talk so much.

辭之輯矣，民之洽矣。辭之懌矣，民之莫矣。

When words are harmonious, the people are in concord. When words are pleasing, the people are at peace.

我雖異事，及爾同僚。我即爾謀，聽我囂囂。

Although our offices differ, I am your colleague. I come to consult with you, but you listen with clamor and do not accept it.

我言維服，勿以為笑。先民有言，詢於芻蕘。

My words are only meant to fit the business at hand; do not take them as a joke. The ancients had a saying: consult the woodcutters.

天之方虐，無然謔謔。老夫灌灌，小子蹻蹻。

Heaven is raging; do not be so frivolous. The old man is earnest, but the young are proud.

匪我言耄，爾用憂謔。多將熇熇，不可救藥。

It is not that my words are the doting of old age; you treat them as an anxious jest. If you do much more, the fire will blaze beyond remedy.

天之方懠。無為夸毗。威儀卒迷，善人載屍。

Heaven is wrathful. Do not be spineless. Dignified bearing is finally in confusion, and the good are like corpses.

民之方殿屎，則莫我敢葵？喪亂蔑資，曾莫惠我師？

The people are groaning, and yet no one dares to take my measure? In the chaos there is no wealth; will you not show kindness to the multitude of us?

天之牖民，如壎如篪，如璋如圭，如取如攜。

Heaven guides the people, like an ocarina and a flute, like a zhang and a gui, like taking and carrying.

攜無曰益，牖民孔易。民之多闢，無自立闢。

Do not speak of adding to what is carried; guiding the people is easy. The people have many perverse ways; do not set up laws of your own.

價人維藩，大師維垣，大邦維屏，大宗維翰，

The good are the fence, the multitude is the wall, the great state is the screen, the great clan is the backbone,

懷德維寧，宗子維城。無俾城壞，無獨斯畏。

Cherishing virtue brings peace, and the heir of the clan is the city wall. Do not let the wall be ruined, and do not be so fearful by yourself.

敬天之怒，無敢戲豫。敬天之渝，無敢馳驅。

I fear the anger of Heaven and dare not play and make merry. I fear the changes of Heaven and dare not indulge in galloping about.

昊天曰明，及爾出王。昊天曰旦，及爾遊衍。

Vast Heaven says it is bright, and goes out and about with you. Vast Heaven says it is dawn, and roams and wanders with you.

蕩蕩上帝，下民之闢。疾威上帝，其命多闢。

The majestic God above is the lord of the people below. The fierce God above, whose decrees are often perverse.

天生烝民，其命匪諶。靡不有初，鮮克有終。

Heaven gives birth to the multitude of people, but its decrees cannot be relied upon. There is none who has no beginning, but few can have an end.

文王曰諮，諮汝殷商。曾是彊禦？曾是掊克？

King Wen said: Alas, alas, you of Yin and Shang. How can you be so violent and oppressive? How can you be so extortionate and exploitative?