The Twenty-Four Solar Terms: Great Cold

大寒，雪降，草木多生心，鵲始巢。三者，群物應炁至之候。陰盛也，多生心，陽炁起也。晷長丈一尺八分。黑陽雲出心，南黑北黃。大寒於坎直六三，六三得亥炁水也，為南黒；季冬土也，為北黃。

On the day of Da Han, snow falls, and grass and trees sprout new buds, while magpies begin to build their nests. Zheng Xuan explains: these three phenomena indicate the response of all things to the solar term. At this time, the Yin energy is extremely strong, yet grass and trees sprout buds, indicating that Yang energy has already begun to stir. The shadow measured by the gnomon is one zhang, one chi, and eight parts of a cun. Black Yang clouds emerge from the Heart Mansion, appearing black to the south and yellow to the north. Zheng Xuan explains: Da Han is located at the Sixth Line of the Kan hexagram, which corresponds to the亥 position, the water energy, hence the black color to the south; the end of winter belongs to earth, hence the yellow color to the north.

當至不至，則旱後水，麥不成，人足少陰脈虛，多病蹶逆惕善驚。小寒炁不至為小旱小水，大寒不至有加勢也。稼合養於炁，炁失即傷矣。坎六三陰爻也，屬足，不至故令人脈虛，虛則足煩炁逆，本舌為病。此三平在震中，震為驚恐也。足少陰脈起於足上繫。未當至而至，則人足少陰脈盛，人多病上炁嗌腫。嗌者，水榖所由通。今初未當來而來，上炁嗌，嗌腫受其病，以少陰盛也。應在大暑，災期在周。

When the cold season of Da Han is supposed to arrive but does not, there will first be drought followed by water, the wheat will not mature, and the foot's Shaoyin pulse will be weak, leading to diseases such as厥逆, fear, and easy fright. Zheng Xuan explains: the cold of Xiao Han not arriving only causes minor drought and minor water, but the cold of Da Han not arriving leads to more severe conditions. Crops depend on the qi of the solar terms for nourishment; when the qi becomes disordered, they suffer damage. The sixth line of Kan is a yao of yin, belonging to the foot. When the qi does not arrive, it causes the pulse to be weak; a weak pulse leads to discomfort in the feet and upward reversal of qi, with the root of the disease in the tongue. This sixth line is in the position of Zhen, which is associated with fear. The Shaoyin pulse originates from the feet and ascends. If the cold of Da Han arrives prematurely before its time, the Shaoyin pulse becomes excessive, leading to diseases such as upward rushing qi and throat swelling and pain. Zheng Xuan explains: 'Yi' is the passage for food and drink; when the seasonal qi arrives prematurely, it rushes upward to the throat, causing throat swelling and pain, which is due to the excess of Shaoyin. The time of occurrence is during Da Shu, and the area affected is the Zhou region.

立春，雨水降，條風至，雉雊，雞乳，冰觧，楊栁椲。降，下也。雊，鳴相呼也。栁青，楊色也。椲讀如柘楊梯，狀如女桑秀然也。晷長丈一尺二分。青陽雲出房，如積水。立春於坎直六四，六四巽爻，得木炁之雲如積水似誤。

On the day of the Beginning of Spring, rain falls, a northeast wind blows, pheasants call, hens hatch their eggs, ice begins to melt, and willows sprout tender branches. Zheng Xuan explains: "降" means to fall down. "雊" refers to calling out in response. "柳青" refers to the color of willows. "椲" is read like "柘," meaning a type of willow, and its shape resembles that of female mulberry branches. The shadow of the gnomon measures one zhang, one chi, and two cun. Green yang clouds appear in the House of Room, shaped like accumulated water. Zheng Xuan explains that the Beginning of Spring falls on the sixth line of the Kan hexagram, which corresponds to the fourth line of the Xun hexagram, thus receiving the wood energy; he says the cloud shape resembles accumulated water, which seems to be an error.

○案：《後漢書·律歴志》注作晷長一丈一寸六分。當至不至，則兵起，來年麥不成，人足少陽脈虛，多病疫瘧。立春木始王，炁不至兵起者，金沴之也。大旱似多雷麥，立春麥也。春不至者，陽炁出當小雨以釋之，炁失故麥不成。來年，羨字。坎六四陰爻也，屬足也，炁不足故令足脈虛。立春不至者，寒得其節也。疫瘧寒赤病，此當與火同為足少陰脈，言陽非。

The editor notes: The annotation in the "Book of the Later Han · Records of Laws and Calendars" states "the shadow is one zhang, one cun, and six fen long." If the signs of the beginning of spring do not arrive at the appointed time, there will be military conflicts, the wheat of the following year will not mature, and people's yang meridian of the foot will be weak, leading to frequent outbreaks of epidemic fevers and malaria. Zheng Xuan comments: The wood energy should begin to dominate at the beginning of spring, but if it does not arrive and military conflicts arise, it is an invasion by the metal energy. "Great drought" seems to be a misreading of "many thunderstorms"; here, the wheat refers to the wheat of the beginning of spring. If the spring energy does not arrive, the yang energy should go out and bring light rain to resolve it, but since the energy is out of order, the wheat does not mature. The "year" in "the following year" is an added character. The sixth line of the trigram Kan is a yin line, belonging to the foot; since the energy is insufficient, it causes weakness in the foot meridian. The failure of the spring energy to arrive indicates that the cold energy still occupies its season. Malaria and epidemic fevers belong to diseases of cold and heat, and here they should be associated with the foot's yin meridian, which is associated with fire, so saying "the yang meridian" is incorrect.

○案：《後漢書》注作「兵起麥不成，民瘦瘵」，與此文異。未當至而至，則人足少陽脈盛，人多病粟疾疫。粟，痤腫也。春炁早成，麥盛而結生此病焉。王炁早陰則傷之，人疾疫者受其害也。脈亦當為足少陰矣。應在立秋，災期在道。○案：軒轅十二次，自張十八度至軫十一度曰鶉尾之次，立秋節斗建在申，今楚分野。《禮記·月令》注髙氏誘曰：孟秋之月日在翼，翼南方宿，楚之分野。則此處宜作楚，道字乃傳寫之訛也。

The editor notes: The annotation in the "Book of the Later Han" states "military conflict arises, wheat does not mature, people suffer from malnutrition and sores," which differs from the text of this book. The sign of the Beginning of Spring has not yet arrived but comes early, causing the foot Yangming meridian to become excessive, leading to more cases of sores and epidemic diseases. Zheng Xuan explains: "Sù" refers to pustules. When the spring energy matures too early, wheat grows vigorously and produces grain, thus causing such diseases. When the energy of Wang comes early while the Yin energy injures it, people contract epidemic diseases, suffering its harm. The meridian here should be considered as the foot Shaoyin meridian. The time of occurrence is at the Beginning of Autumn, and the area affected is the region of Dao. The editor notes: According to the system of the Twelve Mansions of Xuanyuan, from the eighteen degrees of Zhang Xu to the eleven degrees of Chen Xu is called the mansion of the sparrow's tail. At the beginning of Autumn, the handle of the dipper points to the position of Shen, which corresponds to the region of Chu today. The annotation in the "Rites of Zhou: Monthly Orders" cites Gao You's explanation that "in the first month of autumn, the sun is in the wing, which is the mansion of the south, corresponding to the region of Chu." Therefore, it should be "Chu," and the character "Dao" is a transcription error.

雨水，凍冰釋，猛風至，獺祭魚，鶬鷃鳴，蝙蝠出。猛風，動搖樹木有聲。倉庚鳴，伏地。蝙蝠，服翼。○案：馬氏《繹史》引作「獺祭魚，倉庚鳴」。晷長九尺一寸六分。黃陽雲出亢，南黃北黑。雨水於坎直九五，九五辰在申，得坤炁為南黃；猶坎也，故北黑。

On the day of the Rain Water solar term, the frozen ice melts, strong winds blow, otters arrange fish and perform a ritual, the oriole calls, and bats emerge from their holes. Zheng Xuan explains: the so-called strong wind refers to a wind that shakes the trees and produces sound. The oriole calls while lying on the ground. Bats are also called fu yi. The editor notes: Ma Su's "Yi Shi" cites it as "otter sacrifices fish, oriole calls." The shadow of the gnomon measures nine feet one inch and six parts. Yellow yang clouds appear in the mansion of the Neck (Kang Su), with yellow color to the south and black to the north. Zheng Xuan explains: Rain Water occurs at the Nine in the Fifth line of the Kan trigram. The Nine in the Fifth position corresponds to the hour of Shen, receiving the energy of the Kun trigram, hence the yellow color to the south; it still belongs to Kan, hence the black color to the north.

○案：晷長九尺一寸六分三句原本誤入注中，今改正。當至不至，則旱，麥不為，人手少陽脈虛，人多病心痛。雨水炁不至則轉為旱，旱故禁種春。坎九五陽爻，於脈宜為手太陽，雲少陽似誤。心痛，坎也。手太陽脈起為手小指端，上頥下目內皆。雨水以後為陽脈者。未當至而至，則人手少陽脈盛，人多病目。雨水木炁也，其盛為肝，肝在目，木炁於目則勞，勞故病。言脈亦當為於太陽也。應在處暑，災期在魏。

The editor notes: The phrases "the shadow is nine chi one cun and six fen long" and the following two sentences were originally mistakenly placed in the annotations; they are now corrected. If the signs of rainwater do not arrive when they should, there will be drought, wheat will not bear fruit, and people's hand shaoyang pulse will be weak, leading to more cases of heart pain. Zheng Xuan explains: If the rainwater energy does not arrive when it should, it turns into drought, and because of drought, spring sowing is prohibited. The nine fifth line of Kan is a yang line, which in the meridian system should correspond to the hand taiyang pulse, so referring to it as shaoyang seems incorrect. Heart pain is the manifestation of Kan. The hand taiyang pulse starts at the tip of the small finger, ascends to the chin, and descends to the inner corner of the eye. All the pulses associated with the period after rainwater belong to yang pulses. If the signs of rainwater arrive before their due time, the hand shaoyang pulse becomes excessive, leading to more cases of eye diseases. Zheng Xuan explains: Rainwater belongs to the wood energy, and excessive wood energy should affect the liver, as the liver opens into the eyes. When wood energy accumulates in the eyes, it causes strain, and strain leads to illness. The pulse mentioned should be the hand taiyang pulse. The expected time is at the beginning of the autumn equinox, and the area affected by disaster is in the state of Wei.

驚蟄，雷候應北。雷者，電之光，雷有光而未發聲。○案：古書作「驚蟄，大壯初九，桃始華不華，倉庫多火」，與此文異。晷長八尺二寸。赤陽雲出翼，南赤北白。驚蟄於坎直上六，上六得已炁，已火也，為南赤；又得巽炁，故北白也。

On the day of Jingzhe, the weather phenomenon of thunder should be in the north. Zheng Xuan explains: the so-called thunder refers to the light of lightning, and at this time thunder is only visible as light but has not yet produced sound. The editor notes: Sun's ancient text says "Jingzhe, Dazhuang initial line, peach trees begin to bloom but do not bloom, granaries have much fire," which differs from the text of this book. The gnomon's shadow is eight feet two inches long. Red yang clouds emerge from the Wings mansion, appearing red to the south and white to the north. Zheng Xuan explains: Jingzhe is located at the upper sixth line of the Kan hexagram. The upper sixth line receives the energy of the巳 position, which belongs to fire, hence the red color to the south; it also receives the energy of Xun, hence the white color to the north.

當至不至，則霧，稚禾不為，人足太陽脈虛，人多疫病瘧。驚蟄炁不至，是餘寒乘之也。後則推晷炁命稚禾之熟在八月，其時蟄蟲則有害，故禁種之爾。坎上六陰爻屬足，炁不至故命之脈虛。寒炁乗病瘧，寒也。上六得巽之炁為白，又為寡髮而自是老人也。太陽脈起足小指端至前兩板齒。

At the time of Jingzhe, if the seasonal influence does not arrive, fog arises, late-planted millet fails to bear fruit, and people suffer from weakness in the Taiyang meridian. There are many cases of epidemic malaria. Zheng Xuan explains: if the influence of Jingzhe does not arrive, residual cold qi takes advantage of the situation to suppress it. Afterwards, they calculated the solar shadow to determine that late-planted millet would mature in August, but at that time, insects that hibernate would still cause harm, so planting was prohibited. The upper sixth line of Kan is a yin line, belonging to the foot, and since the qi does not arrive, it is determined that the pulse is weak. Cold qi invades and causes malaria, which is a cold disease. The upper sixth line receives the qi of Xun, hence it is white, and Xun also governs thin hair, which naturally represents an old person. The Taiyang meridian originates at the tip of the little toe and ascends to the two front teeth.

○案：《後漢書》注作「稚禾不成，老人多病噎」。未當至而至，則人足太陰脈盛，多病癰疽脛腫。雷炁蚤至，動人肌膚，病癰疽者，肌膚不堪也，氣結生病也。足太陽脈起於下，其炁盛合脛腫。應在白露，災期在災。○案：病癰疽者四句原本誤入正文，應在白露句原本誤作小注，今改正。又災期在災，災字誤。考軒轅十二次，自軫十二度至氐四度謂之壽星之次，白露節斗建在酉，今韓鄭分野。《禮記·月令》注髙氏誘曰：仲秋之月日在角，角東方宿，鄭之分野。則此處疑當作鄭。

The editor notes: The annotation in the "Book of the Later Han" states "young grain does not mature, the elderly suffer from many illnesses and choking." The signs of惊蛰 have not yet arrived but come early, causing the foot Taiyin meridian to become excessive, leading to frequent occurrences of carbuncles and swelling in the lower legs. Zheng Xuan's commentary says: the energy of thunder arriving too early disturbs the human skin; those who suffer from carbuncles are those whose skin cannot withstand the disturbance, resulting in stagnation of qi and illness. The foot Taiyang meridian originates from the lower part, and when its qi becomes excessive, it should manifest as swelling in the lower legs. The expected time is White Dew, and the area affected by disaster should be the region of disaster. The editor notes: the four sentences following "those who suffer from carbuncles" were originally mistakenly included in the main text, and the sentence "should occur at White Dew" was originally a marginal note, and these have now been corrected. Also, the second "disaster" in "disaster period is disaster" is incorrect. According to the twelve divisions of Xuanyuan, from the four degrees of Zhěn mansion to the four degrees of Dī mansion is called the Shòuxīng division. White Dew is when the handle of the Big Dipper points to the酉 position, which is the territory of today's Han and Zheng regions. The annotation in the "Rites of Zhou: Monthly Orders" cites Gao You's statement: "In the second month of the second season, the sun is in the angle mansion, which is the eastern mansion, and is the territory of Zheng." Therefore, here it is likely supposed to be "Zheng."

春分，明庶風至，雷雨行，桃始花，日月同道。明庶，照逹庶物之風。雷雨，所以觧釋孚甲。日月一分則同道也。○案：《藝文類聚》引作「雷雨行，桃李華」，《太平御覽》引作「春分明庶風至，正封疆，修田疇」，與此文異。晷長七尺二寸四分。正陽雲出張，如積鵠。春分於震直初九，初九辰在子，震爻也，如積鵠之象。

On the day of the Vernal Equinox, the wind of Mingshu blows from the east, thunder and rain prevail, peach blossoms begin to bloom, and the sun and moon travel together. Zheng Xuan explains: the wind of Mingshu is a wind that illuminates and communicates with all things. Thunder and rain are used to break open the seed shells. By the time of the Vernal Equinox, day and night are equal, so the sun and moon travel together. The editor notes: The "Yiwen Leiju" cites it as "thunder and rain prevail, peach and plum blossoms bloom," and the "Taiping Yulian" cites it as "on the day of the Vernal Equinox, the wind of Mingshu arrives, the borders are properly defined, and the fields are cultivated," both differing from the text of this book. The shadow of the gnomon measures seven feet two inches and four parts. Pure yang clouds arise from Zhang Xu, appearing like a flock of white geese. Zheng Xuan explains: On the Vernal Equinox, the trigram Zhen begins with the first line, the first line's position is at Zi, which is the line of Zhen, hence the image of a flock of geese gathering.

○案：杜公瞻《編珠》引作「春分雲如白鵠」，古書引作「正陽雲出如積白鵠」，此本疑脫白字。當至不至，先旱後水，歲惡，重來不為，人手太陽脈虛，人多病痺痛。未當至而至，人手太陽脈盛，人多病癘疥身癢。應在秋分，災期周秦。○案：《後漢書》注作「先旱後水，歲惡，米不成，多病耳癢」，重來二字恐誤。

The editor notes: Du Gongzhan's "Bian Zhu" cites it as "On the day of Spring Equinox, clouds appear like white geese," while Sun's ancient books cite it as "On the day of Zhengyang, clouds emerge like accumulated white geese." This book suspects that one character "white" is missing. If the clouds of Spring Equinox appear when they should not, there will first be drought followed by flooding, resulting in a poor harvest. Even if replanting is done, the crops will not bear fruit. People will suffer from weakness in the hand太阳 meridian and often experience pain and stiffness. If the clouds appear earlier than they should, the hand太阳 meridian will become excessive, leading to more cases of eruptions and itching all over the body. The time of occurrence is during Autumn Equinox, and the affected regions will be Zhou and Qin. The editor notes: The "Later Han Book" annotation states "first drought then flooding, bad harvest, rice not mature, many people suffer from ear itching." The words "come again" in this book may be incorrect.

清明，雷鳴雨下，清明風至，元鳥來。清明，萬物雜新觧孚甲，合之鮮觧。清明，明清潔之風也。元鳥隨炁和乃至。○案：註文疑有訛誤。晷長六尺二寸八分。白陽雲出，南白北黃。清明震直六二，六二震在酉，得兌炁為南白，互體有艮，故北黃也。當至不至，菽豆不為，人足陽明脈虛，人多病疥虛振寒洞洩。震於稼為反生豆菽之類。

On the day of Qingming, thunder roars, rain falls, the wind of Qingming blows, and swallows return. Zheng Xuan explains: At the time of Qingming, all things renew themselves and shed their shells. Taken together, this means fresh and tender growth. The term Qingming refers to the clean and clear wind. Swallows return only when the harmonious qi arrives. The editor notes: This annotation may contain errors. The shadow measured by the gnomon is six chi two cun and eight fen. White yang clouds rise, with white on the south and yellow on the north. Zheng Xuan explains: Qingming corresponds to the second line of the Zhen trigram. The second line of Zhen is at酉, thus receiving the qi of Dui, which gives the white color on the south. In the mutual trigrams, there is Gen, hence the yellow color on the north. When the time of Qingming arrives but does not occur, beans will not bear fruit, the yang meridian of the foot becomes weak, and people are prone to scabies, weakness, chills, and diarrhea. Zheng Xuan explains: Zhen corresponds to beans and other crops whose leaves emerge from the soil.

○案：《後漢書》注作「多病嚏振寒洞洩」。未當至而至，人足陽明脈盛，人多病溫暴死。應在寒露，災在宋也。○案：前後節炁此句宜應在寒露，白露恐誤，今改正。

The editor notes: The annotation in the "Book of the Later Han" states "suffering from many diseases, sneezing, chills, and diarrhea." The signs of spring and clarity have not yet arrived but have come early, causing the foot yangming meridian to become excessive, leading to frequent cases of warm diseases and sudden death. The time of occurrence should be at the Cold Dew solar term, and the area affected by the calamity should be in the state of Song. The editor notes: Comparing the sequence of solar terms before and after this section, this sentence should read "at Cold Dew," and the original "White Dew" is likely an error, which is now corrected.

榖雨，田鼠化為鴽。鴽，麋母也。晷長五尺三寸二分。太陽雲出張，上如車蓋不如薄。榖雨於震直六三，六三辰在辰，得乾炁形似車蓋，震為萑葦，故不如薄也。○案：《後漢書》注引作「榖雨晷長五尺三寸六分」，杜公瞻《編珠》作「穀雨雲如連蓋」，與此文異。

On the day of Gu Yu, field mice transform into chu birds. Zheng Xuan explains: chu is the so-called "mi mu," a small bird similar to the pheasant. The shadow measured by the gnomon is five chi three cun and two fen long. The clouds of the sun appear in the mansion of Zhang Xu, with the upper part resembling a carriage canopy but not a curtain. Zheng Xuan explains: Gu Yu corresponds to the sixth line of the third position in the Zhen trigram. The third position is the hour of Chen, which receives the energy of Qian, hence its shape resembles a carriage canopy; Zhen represents reed grass, so it is said not to resemble a curtain. The editor notes: The annotation in the "Later Han Book" states "the shadow on Gu Yu is five chi three cun and six fen long," and Du Gongzhan's "Bian Zhu" says "the clouds on Gu Yu resemble a connected canopy," both differing from the text of this book.

當至不至，水物稻等不為，人足陽明脈虛，人多病癰疽瘧振寒霍亂。六三兊爻也，互體坎，炁不至故水澤之物不為。癰疽瘧振寒霍亂，亦姤兊之病。未當至而至，人足陽明脈盛，人多病溫黒腫。凡陽以養少，陰以養老。應在霜降，災期在宋。

The time for Gu Yu has arrived but has not yet come, and water-grown crops such as rice fail to bear fruit. The foot Yangming meridian becomes weak, and people are prone to suffer from carbuncles, malaria, chills, and cholera. Zheng Xuan explains: the sixth line in the third position is the Dui line, and the interacting lines form Kan. Because the vital energy has not arrived, crops in water and marshes cannot bear fruit. Carbuncles, malaria, chills, and cholera are also diseases associated with the hexagram Guo and the Dui trigram. If it arrives prematurely before its time, the foot Yangming meridian becomes excessive, and people are more likely to suffer from warm diseases and black swelling. Zheng Xuan explains: generally, yang energy is used to nurture the young, and yin energy is used to nurture the elderly. The time for disaster is at the time of frost descent, and the affected area is in the state of Song.

立夏，清明風至而暑，鵠聲蜚，電見早出，龍昇天。清明風，景清潔之風。鵠鳴聲蜚，皆鳥獸應時候。龍，心星也，《詩》云「綢繆東薪，三星在天」，亦謂此時也。○案：徐堅《初學記》引作「立夏清風至而暑，鵲鳴聲，博榖飛，電見，龍昇天」，《太平御覽》引作「立夏清明風至，出幣帛，禮諸侯」，與此文異。晷長四尺三寸六分。當陽雲出觜，紫赤如珠。立春於震九四，九四辰在午也，午為火，互體坎炁相亂也，故紫赤色皆如珠也。

On the day of the Beginning of Summer, the clear wind comes and the weather turns warm, geese call and fly, lightning appears early, and the star of the dragon rises to the middle heaven. Zheng Xuan explains: the clear wind refers to a wind that brings about a clean and clear appearance. The calling and flying of geese are both signs of animals and birds responding to the seasonal changes. "Dragon" refers to the Heart Mansion. The Book of Songs says, "Tied up the firewood, the three stars are in the sky," which refers to this season. The editor notes: Xu Jian's "Initial Learning" quotes it as "On the day of the Beginning of Summer, the clear wind arrives and the heat comes, geese call, the bird called Bo Gu flies, lightning appears, and the dragon rises to the sky," and the "Complete Imperial Precedents" quotes it as "On the day of the Beginning of Summer, the clear wind arrives, and offerings of silk and cloth are made to honor the feudal lords," both differing from the text in this book. The shadow measured by the gnomon is four feet three inches and six parts. The yang clouds of the current season appear from the Zi mansion, with a purple red color like a pearl. Zheng Xuan explains: the Beginning of Summer is in the Zhen trigram, at the Nine in the Fourth line (the text mistakenly writes "Beginning of Spring"), the Nine in the Fourth line is at the position of the hour of Wu, which belongs to fire, and the mutual element of Kan (water) interferes with it, hence the color is purple and red, and the shape resembles a pearl.

當至不至，則旱，五榖大傷，牛畜病，人手陽明脈虛，多病寒熱齒齲。盛陽之炁不至，則後為旱，陽氣乗之，故五榖大傷也。四互體艮，艮在丑，故牛畜病也。陽炁不至，其沖更溫，故人病寒熱也。齒齲者，陽生齲於時為害也。未當至而至，人手陽明脈盛，多病頭腫嗌喉痺。應在立冬，災期在燕。

When the time for the beginning of summer arrives but does not come, there will be drought, causing great damage to the five grains. Cattle and livestock will fall ill, and people's yangming meridians of the hand will be weak, leading to frequent cases of cold-heat symptoms and tooth decay. Zheng Xuan explains: when the strong yang energy does not arrive, drought follows. The yang energy then overpowers the other elements, causing severe damage to the five grains. The mutual trigram of nine four is Gen, which is located at the position of Chou, hence cattle and livestock fall ill. When the yang energy does not arrive, the position that conflicts with it becomes warmer, causing people to suffer from cold-heat symptoms. Tooth decay is caused by the yang energy generating decay at this time. If the yang energy arrives prematurely before its due time, the yangming meridian of the hand becomes excessive, leading to frequent cases of head swelling and throat obstruction. The expected time is at the beginning of winter, and the affected area is Yan.

小滿，雀子蜚，螻蛄鳴。於此更言雀子蜚者，鳴鳥類也，有先大人之。○案：此注疑有脫文。晷長三尺四寸。上陽霍七星，赤而饒。小滿於震直六五，六五辰在邜，與震木同位，震木可曲可直，五六離爻，亦有互體坎之為輪也。饒，言其刑行四也。

On the day of Xiaoman, young birds can fly, and the mole crickets call. Zheng Xuan explains: here it is said that young birds can fly because they belong to the category of vocal birds, and they have the phenomenon of flying before the adult birds. The editor notes: this annotation may be missing some text. The gnomon measures the shadow of the sun to be three chi and four cun long. The upper yang clouds suddenly appear in the Seven Star mansion, with a red color and swirling. Zheng Xuan explains: Xiaoman is at the sixth line of the Zhen trigram, the sixth line position is at卯, which is in the same position as Zhen wood; Zhen wood can be bent or straight, the fifth and sixth lines belong to the Li line, and with the mutual trigram Kan, it forms the image of a chariot wheel. "Rao" refers to its shape forming a circular movement.

○案：古書小滿上陽雲出七星，霍字疑誤，註文末句亦誤。當至不至，多凶言，有大喪，先水後旱，人足太陽脈虛，人多病滿筋急痺痛。小滿太陽用事，其炁不至，故多凶言大喪也。陰炁不退乘陽炁，故先水也；精陽發則旱也。人病筋急，寒暴暑炁轉相加。

The editor notes: Sun's ancient text reads "At Xiaoman, the upper yang clouds emerge with the seven stars," and the character "Huo" in this book is likely a mistake. The concluding sentence of the annotation is also incorrect. When the signs of Xiaoman arrive but do not, there are many ominous predictions, great mourning, first water then drought, the yang meridian of the foot sun is weak, and people suffer from distension, stiffness and pain in the tendons and muscles. Zheng Xuan explains: At Xiaoman, the yang is in command, but its energy does not arrive, hence many ominous predictions and great mourning. Yin energy does not retreat but invades yang energy, hence first great flooding; the pure yang essence is discharged, thus turning into drought. People suffer from stiffness and pain in the tendons and muscles due to the alternating influence of cold and intense heat.

○案：《後漢書》注作「多病筋急庳痛」，滿字疑誤。未當至而至，人足太陽脈盛，人多病沖炁腫。太陽炁早至，過度為病也。○案：此處疑脫應在小雪句，注亦脫災期在燕句。

The editor notes: The "Hou Han Shu" annotation reads "suffering from many diseases, muscle tension, shortness of breath and pain," and the word "man" in this text is suspected to be a mistake. The condition of Xiaoman arrives prematurely before its proper time, causing the foot Taiyang meridian to become excessive, leading to people suffering from upward rushing qi and swelling. Zheng Xuan's annotation: The Taiyang energy arrives too early, exceeding the limit leads to illness. The editor notes: It is suspected that the sentence "it should be at Xiaoshe" is missing here, and the annotation also lacks the sentence "the disaster period is in Yan."

芒種，蚯蚓出。舊說蚯蚓淫邪。晷長二尺四分。長陽雲集，赤如曼曼。芒種於震直上六，上六辰在已，又得巽炁，故集赤不純，巽又長，故曼之也。○案：《後漢書》注作晷長二尺四寸四分，此本缺四寸二字。

On the day of Mangzhong, earthworms emerge from the ground. Zheng Xuan explains: the old view considered earthworms as creatures of Yin, damp and corrupt. The shadow measured by the gnomon is two chi and four parts. Long red clouds gather, continuous and unending. Zheng Xuan explains: Mangzhong corresponds to the upper sixth line of the Zhen trigram. The upper sixth line is in the position of Si, and also receives the influence of Xun, so the gathering clouds are red but not pure. Xun also signifies length, hence the clouds are long and continuous. The editor notes: The annotation in the "Later Han Book" states 'the shadow is two chi, four cun, and four parts', while this book is missing the two characters 'four cun'.

當至不至，多凶言，國有狂令，人足太陽脈虛，多病血痺。太陽用事而巽不至，故多凶言國有狂令也。痺者，炁不逹為病。未當至而至，人足太陽脈盛，多蹶眩頭痛痺。應在大雪。太陽之炁也過盛病也。○案：《後漢書》注頭痛下無庳字，疑衍文。災期在齊。○案：軒轅十二次，自斗十一度至湏女七度日星紀之次，大雪節斗建在子，今吳越分野，齊字恐悞。

At the time of Mangzhong, if the corresponding phenomenon does not occur, there are many ominous rumors, and the state issues reckless edicts. People's Foot Taiyang meridian becomes weak, leading to frequent cases of blood stasis. Zheng Xuan explains: When Taiyang is in command but Xun energy does not arrive, there are many ominous words and the state issues reckless orders.所谓痹, refers to disease caused by blocked qi. If it arrives prematurely before its due time, the Foot Taiyang meridian becomes excessive, leading to frequent cases of厥逆, dizziness, headache, and痹症. The expected time is at Daxue. Zheng Xuan explains: This is due to excessive Taiyang energy causing disease. The editor notes: The annotation in the "Later Han Book" under "headache" does not include the character "庳," which is likely a later addition. The area affected by calamity should be Qi region. The editor notes: According to the Xuan Yuan Twelve Divisions, from the 11th degree of Douxiu to the 7th degree of Shuxu is called Xingji's division. At Daxue, the handle of the Big Dipper points to the Zi position, which is the territory of Wu-Yue today, so the character "Qi" might be incorrect.

夏至，景風至，暑且溼，蟬鳴，螳螂生，鹿觧角，木莖榮。景風，長大萬物之風也。蟬，蜩。木莖，栁櫬榮華。○案：《太平御覽》引作「夏至景風至，拜大將，封有功」，與此文異，註文亦有訛字。晷長四寸八分。少陰雲出，如水波崇崇。夏至離用事，位直初九，辰子也，故水波崇崇輪轉出也。

On the day of Summer Solstice, the southern wind blows, the weather is hot and humid, cicadas begin to call, mantises are born, deer shed their horns, and the stems of grasses and trees flourish. Zheng Xuan explains: "Jingfeng" refers to the wind that causes all things to grow. "Cicada" is the same as "tiao." The so-called "wooden stems" refer to the branches of willow trees and similar plants that bloom and flourish. The editors note: The "Taiping Yulian" cites "On the day of Summer Solstice, Jingfeng arrives, and a great general is honored and rewarded with titles for his meritorious deeds," which differs from the text of this book, and the annotations also contain errors. The shadow measured by the gnomon is four inches and eight parts. The cloud of the lesser yin rises, appearing like layered water waves. Zheng Xuan explains: Because on the day of Summer Solstice, the Li hexagram is in charge, and the position is at the first line of nine, the hour is in the Zi position, so the cloud appears as layered and swirling water waves.

○案：《後漢書》注夏至晷長一尺四寸八分，此文缺一尺二字。當至不至，邦有大殃，陰陽並傷，口乾嗌痛。陽炁洩極而陰不至，陽功不成，故國有大殃臣廢。陰陽並傷，日月俱食。夏至炁不至則沖炁乗之，故多大寒，令草木夏落也。口乾嗌痛，皆燥病，陰不潤陽謂之燥也。

The editor notes: The annotation in the "Book of the Later Han" states "the length of the shadow at the summer solstice is one foot four inches and eight parts," but this text is missing the word "one foot." If the summer solstice phenomenon does not occur as it should, the country will suffer great calamities, yin and yang will both be damaged, and people will experience dryness in their mouths and throat pain. Zheng Xuan explains: When yang energy is fully released and yin energy does not follow, the function of yang cannot be completed, hence the country suffers great calamity and ministers are dismissed. The phrase "yin and yang are both damaged" refers to solar and lunar eclipses. If the summer solstice phenomenon does not occur, the opposing energy will overpower it, leading to severe cold, causing plants to wither in summer. Dryness in the mouth and throat belongs to the category of dry syndrome; when yin energy cannot moisten yang energy, it is called dryness.

○案：《後漢書》注「當至不至，國有大殃，旱，陰陽並傷，草木夏落，有大寒」，今據鄭注合之，此文脫誤多矣，又疑脫人手陽脈虛句。未當至而至，人手陽脈盛，多病肩痛。應在冬至。陰炁過多以為病也。災期在齊。

The editor notes: The annotation in the "Later Han Book" states, "If it arrives before its time, the country will suffer great calamity, drought, yin and yang both harmed, grass and trees fall in summer, there is great cold." Now, using Zheng Xuan's annotations for verification, this passage in the book has many omissions and errors, and it is suspected that the phrase "human yang pulse is weak" is missing. If the summer solstice arrives before its time, the human yang pulse becomes excessive, leading to more shoulder pain. The expected time is the winter solstice. Zheng Xuan's annotation: This is a disease caused by excessive yin energy. The area affected by the calamity is the state of Qi.

小暑，雲五色出，伯勞鳴，蝦蟇無聲。雲五色出，蓋眾雉。伯勞，咀也。蝦蟇無聲，早出者不復鳴。○案：《禮記·月令》孔頴達疏引此文作「博勞鳴，蝦蟇無聲」，歐陽詢《藝文類聚》引此文又有「博勞性好單按其飛（羽＋夋），其聲嗅嗅，夏至應陰而鳴，冬至而止」五句，疑為註文，《藝文類聚》誤連，而今本亦有脫誤也。晷長二尺四寸四分。黑陰雲出，南黃北黒。小暑於離直六二，六二離爻也，為南黃，互體巽，巽為，故北黒也。

On the day of Xiao Shu, clouds of five colors appeared, the bird Bo Laow called, and the toad became silent. Zheng Xuan commented: the appearance of clouds of five colors is probably similar to the plumage of many wild chickens. Bo Laow is the same as Ju. The toad being silent indicates that the earlier batch has already stopped calling. The editor notes: The Kong Yingda commentary in the "Liji · Yue Ling" cites this passage as "Bo Laow calls, the toad is silent"; the "Yiwen Lüji" by Ouyang Xun cites this passage with an additional five sentences: "Bo Laow is a bird that likes to fly alone, its sound is soft, it calls at the summer solstice in response to the yin and stops at the winter solstice." It is suspected that these are annotations, and the "Yiwen Lüji" mistakenly connected them with the main text, while the current version also has omissions. The shadow measured by the gua biao is two chi four cun four fen long. Black clouds of yin rise, with yellow on the south and black on the north. Zheng Xuan commented: Xiao Shu is at the second line of the Li trigram. The second line is the Li trigram, so the south is yellow; the mutual trigram is Xun, which governs the color, so the north is black.

○案：此注巽為下有脫字。當至不至，前小水後小旱，有兵，人足陽明脈虛，多病洩注腹痛。離炁不至，故小水後小旱，有少兵，兵無少者。洩注腹痛，皆離炁不至之病也。未當至而至，人足陽明脈盛，多病臚腫。離炁早至，則後多傷性也。應在小寒，災期在齊。○案：此處宜應在小寒，小雪誤，今改正。

The editor notes: This annotation, under "Xun represents," is missing some characters. When the time for Xiaoshu arrives but does not, there will first be small water and then small drought, along with minor military conflicts. The person's foot Yangming meridian becomes weak, leading to frequent diarrhea and abdominal pain. Zheng Xuan explains: The qi of Li does not arrive, hence first there is small water and then small drought, along with minor military conflicts, but the military conflict is not truly minor. Diarrhea and abdominal pain are all diseases caused by the failure of Li qi to arrive. If the time arrives before it should, the person's foot Yangming meridian becomes excessive, leading to frequent abdominal distension. Zheng Xuan explains: If the qi of Li arrives too early, it will later cause harm to the nature of the person. The time of occurrence is Xiaohan, and the area affected by disaster should be Qi. The editor notes: Here it should be "Xiaohan," the original text mistakenly says "Xiaoxue," which is now corrected.

大暑，雨溼，半夏生。半夏，草名。晷長三尺四寸。陰雲出，南赤北倉。大暑於離直九三，九三辰在辰，得巽炁，離為火故南赤，巽木故北倉。○案：杜公瞻《編珠》引作「大暑雲出南黃北倉」。

On the day of the Dog Days (Dàshǔ), there is frequent rain and humidity, and the plant Banxia grows vigorously. Zheng Xuan explains: Banxia is the name of a medicinal herb. The shadow measured by the gnomon is three feet four inches long. Dark clouds rise, with a reddish color to the south and a bluish color to the north. Zheng Xuan explains: Dàshǔ corresponds to the third line of the Li trigram, which is in the position of Chen. The third line receives the energy of Xun; since Li belongs to fire, the south appears red; since Xun belongs to wood, the north appears blue. The editor notes: Du Gongzhan's "Bi Zhu" cites it as "During Dàshǔ, clouds emerge with yellow to the south and blue to the north."

當至不至，外兵作，來年飢，人手少陽脈虛，多病筋痺胸痛。大暑之炁不至，後亦寒暴害。九三互體兊，上直畢，畢為，故外兵作也。兊又為剛滷，當國不生物，大暑應在大寒，容地之萌，故來年飢。筋痺，暑溼之疾，盛暑溼而炁不至於人，主筋痺之病也。

When the heat of the Dog Days (Dàshǔ) is supposed to arrive but does not, external troubles and military conflicts will arise. There will be famine in the following year, and people's Hand Yang Ming meridian will be weak, leading to many cases of muscle and tendon disorders and chest pain. Zheng Xuan explains: If the heat of the Dog Days does not arrive, there will also be a sudden outbreak of cold weather causing harm. The mutual trigram of Nine in the Third is Dui, which is positioned over the Net mansion (Bìsù), which governs military affairs, so external troubles and military conflicts will arise. Dui also represents a place of harshness and salt, and the country at this time will not grow crops. The timing of Dàshǔ corresponds to Dàhán, which encompasses the potential for life to emerge on the earth, so there will be famine in the following year. Muscle and tendon disorders are diseases caused by summer dampness. When the intense heat is humid and the energy cannot reach the body, it leads to muscle and tendon disorders.

○案：注畢為下有脫字，容地句亦疑誤。未當至而至，人手少陽脈盛，多病脛痛惡炁。陰炁早至亦為此病。應在大寒，災期在燕。

The editor notes: In the annotation, there is a missing character after "毕为," and the sentence "容地" is suspected to be incorrect. The condition of Dog Day (Dazhu) has not yet arrived but comes early, causing the hand shaoyang meridian to become excessive, leading to more cases of leg pain and diseases caused by evil qi. Zheng Xuan's annotation says: The excessive arrival of yin qi can also cause this disease. The time of occurrence is during the Great Cold, and the affected region is Yan.

立秋，涼風至，白露下，虎嘯，腐草為嗌，蜻蚓鳴。涼風，風有寒炁。白露，露得寒炁始轉白。虎嘯始盛，秋炁有猛意。舊說腐草為鳴，今言嗌，其物異名乎。蜻蚓，蟋蟀之名也。○案：《太平御覽》引作「立秋涼風至，報土功，祀四鄰」，又《文選》李善注引作「立秋蜻蛚鳴」，蚓字應作蛚。晷長四尺三寸六分。濁陰雲出，上如赤繒列，下黃獘。立秋於離直九四，辰在午，又互體巽，故上如赤繒列，齊平也。立秋直坤黃色，故名黃獘也。

On the day of the Beginning of Autumn, a cool wind comes, white dew falls, tigers begin to roar, decayed grass turns into fireflies (this text reads 'yì'), and the cricket starts to chirp. Zheng Xuan explains: the cool wind is a wind carrying a cold quality. White dew is dew that has acquired the cold quality and begins to turn white. The sound of the tiger's roar becomes more intense, indicating the autumnal qi has a fierce nature. The old saying refers to 'decayed grass becomes fireflies', but now it is written as 'yì', which is probably another name for the same thing. The term 'qīng yǐn' is another name for the cricket. The editor notes: The 'Taiping Yulian' cites 'On the day of the Beginning of Autumn, the cool wind arrives, reporting the completion of earth works, and offering sacrifices to the four neighbors'; also, the 'Wenxuan' with Li Shàn's commentary cites 'On the day of the Beginning of Autumn, the cricket chirps', and the character 'yǐn' should be 'yín'. The gnomon's shadow measures four feet three inches and six parts. The turbid dark clouds rise, with the upper part resembling red silk arranged in order, and the lower part appearing yellow like silk. Zheng Xuan explains: the Beginning of Autumn is at the Nine in the Fourth line of the Li trigram, the hour position is in the hour of Wu, and there is also the mutual trigram of Xun, so the upper part resembles red silk arranged in order, where '列' means to arrange in order. The Beginning of Autumn is at the position of Kun, which is yellow, so it is called the yellow disease.

○案：獘字疑作幣幣。當至不至，暴風為災，年歲不入，人足少陽脈虛，多病癘，少陽炁中寒白芒芒。立秋之炁不至，後亦暴風為災也。四互體巽，巽為風災也，風有散物，故年不入也。立秋應立春，孚甲將觧而更寒，故人病癘。陰乗陽，故少陽炁中寒也。白芒芒者，離以非時見也。人足者，例宜言手。未當至而至，人足少陽脈盛，多病咳嗽上炁咽喉腫。立秋則陰炁脅陽炁未服，故咳嗽咽喉腫也。應在立春，災期亦在衛也。

The editor notes: The character "獘" is likely a mistake and should be "币" (this character appears again in the text). When the time for the arrival of autumn comes but does not arrive, a violent storm becomes a disaster, resulting in no harvest for the year. The person's foot yang meridian is weak, leading to frequent outbreaks of epidemic diseases. The yang energy of the lesser yang is internally cold, and there is a white misty appearance. Zheng Xuan explains: If the autumn energy does not arrive, there will also be violent storms causing disasters. The mutual trigram of nine four is Xun, which represents wind, hence causing wind disasters. Wind disperses all things, hence there is no harvest for the year. Autumn corresponds to spring, and the seed shells are about to open but instead become cold, hence people suffer from epidemic diseases. Yin energy invades yang energy, hence the lesser yang energy is internally cold. The term "white misty" refers to the fire energy not being in season. The text mentions "foot," but according to the convention, it should be "hand." If the time for autumn comes early before it should, the foot yang meridian becomes excessive, leading to frequent cases of coughing, upward rushing of qi, and swollen throat. Zheng Xuan explains: When the autumn yin energy forces its way in while yang energy has not yet retreated, causing coughing and swollen throat. The time of occurrence is in spring, and the area affected is the region of Wei.

處暑，雨水，寒蟬鳴。雨水，多雨。寒蟬，秋蟬。晷長五尺三寸二分。赤陰雲出，南黃北黑。處暑於離直六五，六五辰在夘，得震炁，震為，故南黃也。○案：《初學記》作南黃北蒼，注震為下亦有脫字。

On the day of the Beginning of Autumn, there is much rain, and cold cicadas make noise. Zheng Xuan explains: the term 'rain' refers to the fact that there is much rain at this time. Cold cicadas are cicadas of autumn. The shadow measured by the gnomon is five feet three inches and two parts. Red clouds rise, with yellow on the south and black on the north. Zheng Xuan explains: the Beginning of Autumn is at the sixth line of the fifth position in the Li trigram. The fifth position corresponds to the hour of Mao, which receives the energy of Zhen. Zhen governs its color, so the south is yellow. The editor notes: The "Initial Learning" records it as 'yellow on the south and blue on the north'; there is also a missing character after 'Zhen governs' in the annotation.

當至不至，國有淫令，四方兵起，人手太陰脈虛，多病脹身熱，來年麥不為。未當至而至，人手太陰脈盛，多病脹身熱不汗出。陰炁早至即寒炁盛，故病脹身熱不汗。○案：《後漢書》注「當至不至，國多浮令，兵起，來年麥不熟」，此文疑倒置。應在雨水，災期在鄭。

At the time when the heat should subside but does not, the country will have excessive and unrestrained government orders, wars will break out in all directions, and people's hand Taiyin pulse will be weak, leading to frequent cases of abdominal distension and body heat, and the wheat of the following year will not mature properly. If it arrives earlier than expected, the hand Taiyin pulse will be excessive, leading to frequent cases of abdominal distension and body heat without sweating. Zheng Xuan commented: the arrival of Yin energy too early indicates excessive cold energy, hence the illness manifests as abdominal distension, body heat, and no sweating. The editor notes: The annotations in the "Book of the Later Han" state 'when it should arrive but does not, the country has excessive orders, wars break out, and the wheat of the following year does not mature,' and these sentences in this text may be reversed. The expected time is during the rain and water season, and the area affected by the disaster should be in the region of Zheng.

白露，雲炁五色，蜻蛚上堂，鷹祭鳥，燕子去室，鳥雌雄別。燕子去室，不復在於巢，習飛騰也。鳥雌雄別，生乳之炁上者。晷長六尺二寸八分。黃陰雲出，南黑北黃。白露於離直上九，上九艮爻也，故北黃；辰在戌，得乾炁君成，故南黑也。○案：小注君成二字疑誤。

On the day of Bai Lu, clouds displayed five colors, the cricket climbed onto the hall, the hawk displayed its captured birds as an offering, the swallow left the house, and birds of opposite sexes lived apart. Zheng Xuan explained: the swallow leaving the house no longer staying in its nest is practicing flight. Birds of opposite sexes living apart indicates that the qi of reproduction and nursing has completed its ascent. The shadow measured by the gnomon was six chi, two cun, and eight fen long. Yellow clouds rose, with black on the south and yellow on the north. Zheng Xuan explained: Bai Lu is at the upper ninth line of the Li trigram, which is the Gen trigram, so the north is yellow; the hour of Chen is at Xu, receiving the Qi of Qian to form the image of a ruler, so the south is black. The editor notes: the characters 'jun cheng' in the small annotation may be incorrect.

當至不至，六畜多傷，人足太陰脈虛，人多病痤疽洩。白露應在驚蟄，陽炁大洩，萬物新出而寒傷之，故座疽也。陽炁發洩故也，故洩之。未當至而至，人足太陰脈盛，多病心脹閉痔瘕。陽炁未盡強陰脅之為病，人足於例亦為手也。應在驚蟄，災在魯也。

The arrival of White Dew is supposed to occur but does not, leading to much damage to livestock. Humans experience weakness in the Foot Taiyin meridian and are prone to acne, carbuncles, and diarrhea. Zheng Xuan explains: The appropriate time for White Dew is at the time of Start of Awakening of Insects, when yang energy is greatly released, and all things are renewed but are harmed by cold air, hence causing acne and carbuncles. This is also due to the release of yang energy, hence also causing diarrhea. If it arrives prematurely before its due time, the Foot Taiyin meridian becomes excessive, leading to fullness and blockage in the chest area, constipation, hemorrhoids, and masses. Zheng Xuan explains: When yang energy has not yet fully retreated and the excessive yin energy forces it, illness occurs. The text mentions 'human foot,' but according to the conventions, it should be 'hand.' The appropriate time is at Start of Awakening of Insects, and the area affected by calamity is in Lu.

秋分，風涼慘，雷始収，鷙鳥擊，元鳥歸，昌盍風至。収藏也。鷙鳥，鷹鸇之屬也。元鳥隨陽，故南歸也。昌盍，蓋藏物之風也。○案：《太平御覽》引作「秋分閶闔風至，觧懸垂，琴瑟不張」，與此文異。晷長七尺二寸四分。白雲出，南黃北白。秋分於兊直初九，初九震爻，為南黃；黃猶兊，故北白。

On the day of Autumn Equinox, the wind becomes cool, bleak, and mournful, thunder begins to subside, fierce birds hunt their prey, swallows fly southward, and the western阊阖 wind blows in. Zheng Xuan explains: all of these signify the principle of collection and storage. The fierce birds refer to eagles and zhan. Swallows follow the yang energy, hence they fly south. 阊阖 is likely the wind that collects and stores all things. The editors note: The "Taiping Yulian" cites "On the day of Autumn Equinox, the 阊阖 wind arrives, the suspended bells are removed, and the zithers and qin are not played," which differs from the text of this book. The shadow measured by the gnomon is seven feet two inches and four parts. White clouds rise, with yellow on the south and white on the north. Zheng Xuan explains: On the day of Autumn Equinox, the trigram is Dui, with the initial line (初九) at the beginning, which corresponds to the trigram Zhen. Therefore, the south is yellow; yellow still belongs to Dui, hence the north is white.

○案：古書白陽雲作白陰雲。當至不至，草木復榮，人手少陽脈虛，多病溫悲心痛。未當至而至，人手少陽脈盛，多病肛脅鬲痛。心炁盛，故肛脅鬲痛。應在春分，災期在周。

The editor notes: The ancient book by Sun氏 writes "white yang cloud" as "white yin cloud." If the signs of autumn equinox have not arrived by the time they should, the grass and trees will revive again, and people's hand shaoyang pulse will be weak, leading to more cases of warm diseases, sorrow, and heart pain. If the signs arrive prematurely before their time, the hand shaoyang pulse will be excessive, causing more cases of pain in the anus, flanks, and between the ribs. Zheng Xuan comments: Because the heart qi is excessive, there is pain in the anus, flanks, and between the ribs. The time of occurrence should be at the spring equinox, and the area affected by calamity is the Zhou region.

寒露，霜小下，秋草死，眾鳥去。霜小下，陰著也。秋草死，眾鳥暑來寒去。晷長八尺二寸。正陽雲出如冠纓。寒露於兊直九二，九二辰在寅，得艮炁形似冠纓者，艮象也。○案：古書作正陰雲出如冠纓，鄭注亦作冠纓，正文脫纓字，今補入。

On the day of Hanlu, light frost descends, autumn grass withers, and birds depart. Zheng Xuan explains: the descent of light frost indicates that the Yin energy has already attached itself to objects. The withering of autumn grass and the departure of birds are because when heat comes, birds arrive; when cold comes, birds leave. The shadow measured by the gnomon is eight chi and two cun long. Pure Yang clouds rise, appearing like a crown and its tassel. Zheng Xuan explains: Hanlu corresponds to the second line of the Dui trigram, with the second line's position being寅, receiving the energy of Gen, thus appearing like a crown and its tassel, which is the physical manifestation of Gen. The editor notes: Sun's ancient text reads 'pure Yin clouds rise like a crown and its tassel,' Zheng's commentary also mentions 'crown and its tassel,' but the original text is missing the character 'tassel,' which is now restored.

當至不至，來年榖不成，六畜鳥獸被殃，人足蹶陰脈虛，多病疪疼腰痛。九二坎爻也，為脊，炁不至疪疼也。人足於例宜為手也。○案：《後漢書》注作人病疝瘕腰痛。不當至而至，人足蹶陰脈盛，多病痛肛中熱。強陰脅衰，故多病肛中熱也。○案：《後漢書》注作多病痰熱中。應在清明。○災在秦也。

The arrival of the Cold Dew is delayed, leading to unripe grain in the following year, livestock and birds suffering, and the foot厥阴 meridian of humans becoming weak, resulting in frequent cases of arthralgia and lower back pain. Zheng Xuan explains: Nine Two is the Kan line, which governs the spine and back; if the qi does not reach, it causes arthralgia. The text mentions 'foot,' but according to the convention, it should be 'hand.' The editor notes: The annotation in the Book of the Later Han states 'human disease with hernia, abdominal pain, and lower back pain.' If the Cold Dew arrives prematurely when it should not, the foot厥阴 meridian becomes excessive, leading to pain and heat inside the anus. Zheng Xuan explains: Strong yin qi forces the weak yang qi, hence causing heat inside the anus. The editor notes: The annotation in the Book of the Later Han states 'frequent cases of phlegm-heat in the middle jiao.' The time of occurrence is around Qingming. The affected region is Qin.