Mutual Accommodation of Rank and Status

夫人者，以頭為主，以眼為權。頭則身體之首，眼則形容之光。觀頭之方圓，視眼之黑白。頭因而必貴，目善而必慈。眼豎而性剛，眼露而性毒。斜視而懷妒忌。近視面神睛藏性剛強，而心必曲。氣溫柔，面貌必和。滿面青藍，多逢邊否。紅黃不改，必遇榮昌。

Assessing a person's appearance to determine their status and fortune should focus on the head as the main aspect and the eyes as the standard. The head is the foremost part of the body, and the eyes are the brilliance of appearance. Therefore, when examining the head, one should check whether it is square or round. When looking at the eyes, one should check whether the black and white are clearly distinct. A head that is properly shaped and proportioned will surely lead to high status and prominence, while eyes that show a kind and gentle expression indicate a benevolent and generous nature. Eyes that are upright in shape suggest a strong and rigid character, while eyes with prominent pupils indicate a cruel and vicious disposition. Eyes that look sideways suggest a jealous heart. Eyes that are nearsighted with the spirit hidden within indicate a strong and complex mind. A person with a gentle and mild demeanor will surely have a peaceful and harmonious appearance. A face that often shows a bluish or bluish-green hue often indicates encountering obstacles and difficulties. A face that consistently displays a red or yellow hue indicates encountering honor, prosperity, and success.

黑白色侵，憂橫疾病紛紛。色紫見福祿以猶遲。赤色縱橫，信官災而將至。要知克子害兒，必是眼下無肉。臥□平起，後嗣相從。眉中若旋，兄弟必全。眉橫一字，足義愛人。要知奸詐孤貧，看他鼻頭尖薄。官高位顯，準頭圓似截簡。衰困中年，定是風門牙露。露齒結喉，相中大忌，男子如此，骨肉分離。婦人如此，防夫絕子。

If black and white colors appear on the face, misfortunes and diseases will follow. If purple appears, blessings and official positions will come, but later. If red spreads across, there will be legal troubles and disasters. To know who will harm their children, look for those who are currently thin. If the area under the eyes is flat and full, the descendants will continue. If there is a spiral hair on the eyebrows, brothers may not be complete. If the eyebrows are level and shaped like the character '一', one is loyal and cares for others. To know who is deceitful and poor, look at whether the nose is sharp and thin. Those in high official positions have round noses like a bamboo tube cut off. Those who decline in middle age have narrow ear gates and exposed teeth. Exposed teeth and a prominent Adam's apple are major flaws in face reading: for men, it indicates separation from relatives; for women, it warns of harm to the husband and no descendants.

門小唇薄，此人多是多非。印上雜紋。決定難逃刑法。口角兩垂向下，因知奸詐便宜。欲知富貴聰明，須知眼如點漆。口如四字，唇似硃紅，兩角朝於天倉，定是公侯之位。眉高耳聳，官祿榮遷。看部位相學堂，須要六處不陷。在僧道，則出入千人之上。在仕途，位至三公之際、初年水厄之憂。但有眉間黑子，痣生眼尾，中年必遭水厄。身肥項促，命不久長。要知貴賤吉凶，須有此本風鑑。

A person with a narrow mouth and thin lips tends to have many troubles. If there are chaotic lines on the area between the eyebrows, it indicates a likely legal punishment. If the corners of the mouth droop downward, it suggests that the person is deceitful and likes to take advantage of others. To determine if someone is wealthy and intelligent, look at whether their eyes are dark and bright like lacquer. If the mouth is square like the character 「四」 and the lips are red and plump like cinnabar, and the cheeks are directed toward the Heavenly Granary, then such a person is destined to hold a high rank, like a marquis or duke. If the eyebrows are high and the ears are prominent, then the person will have official positions and promotions. Also, examine the areas associated with the 「school」 (such as the eyes, forehead, teeth, and the area in front of the ears, which indicate intelligence and scholarly ability). If all six of these areas are not deficient or sunken, then such a person, if becoming a monk or a Taoist, will surpass a thousand others in status; if pursuing an official career, will reach the rank of the Three Dukes. As for early-life worries related to water, if there is a black mole on the forehead or a mole at the end of the eyes, then water-related misfortunes will occur in middle age. If a person is overweight but has a short neck, their lifespan is likely short. To determine a person's status, fortune, or misfortune, one must refer to the principles outlined in this book of 「Wind and Mirror」.

（滿庭芳）額廣耳珠，頭圓足厚，瑩然美貌光輝。寬舒豐厚，形氣類相隨。皆是五行分定。豐衣足食兩相宜。智慧者，眉清目秀，聲□少年知。肘龍並虎臂，山根明朗，地閣豐肥。更鼻垂懸膽，項有餘皮。賦性高名磊落，面方皆厚宛如龜。真個好，安全五嶽，壽數介齊眉。

This is a comprehensive summary of a favorable appearance written in the Ci tune "Man Ting Fang." The forehead is broad, the ears have hanging pearls, the head is round and full, the feet are thick and solid, the whole body is lustrous and smooth, and the face shines with light; the demeanor is broad and open, the muscles are plump, and the form and energy are in harmony without contradiction—these are all determined by the Five Phases, indicating a life of abundance in clothing and food, with both suitable. A wise person has clear eyebrows and bright eyes, and their voice is known by others in their youth. The upper part of the arms is "dragon bone," and the lower part is "tiger bone," which are well matched; the root of the nose is clear, and the chin is full and thick; additionally, the nose tip hangs downward like a hanging pearl, and there is extra loose skin at the back of the neck (a sign of longevity according to physiognomy). Such a person has high innate talent, a bright and upright reputation, a square face with all parts thick and solid, resembling the form of a tortoise. This is indeed a good appearance: the Five Mountains (forehead, chin, nose, both cheekbones) are stable and complete, indicating a long life and the ability to live happily with one's wife until old age.

官學堂：一曰眼為官學堂，眼要長而清，主官職之位。祿學堂：二曰額為祿學堂，額闊而長，主官壽。內學堂：三曰當門兩齒為內學堂，要周正而密，主忠信孝敬。疏缺而小主多狂妄。外學堂：四曰耳門之前為外學堂，要耳前豐滿光潤，主聰明。若昏沉愚齒之人也。

The "Four学堂" are four areas used by fortune tellers to assess a person's intelligence, official rank, and moral character. The first is called "Official学堂," referring to the eyes: they should be fine, long, and clear, indicating the potential to attain official positions and status. The second is called "Salary学堂," referring to the forehead: it should be broad and long, indicating the possibility of receiving official salary and a long life. The third is called "Inner学堂," referring to the two upper front teeth: they should be straight and well-formed, indicating loyalty, trustworthiness, and filial piety; if the teeth are sparse, broken, or small, the person tends to be arrogant and impulsive. The fourth is called "Outer学堂," referring to the area before the ear: it should be full and smooth, indicating intelligence; if this area is dark and low, the person is considered dull.

高明：第一高明部學堂，頭圓或有□骨昂。高廣：第二高廣部學堂，額勇不錯骨起方。光大：第三光大部學堂，印堂平明無痕傷。明秀：第四明秀部學堂，眼光黑多人隱藏。

The Eight Schools divide the areas that determine intelligence and status into eight parts. The first is called the "High Wisdom School," located on the top of the head: the head should be round, or have a prominent bone on top, indicating a person with high insight. The second is called the "Broad and High School," located on the forehead: the forehead should be full and strong, not crooked or slanted, with a square and raised bone, indicating a person with a broad and noble character. The third is called the "Bright and Great School," located at the forehead's center: the area should be flat, full, and bright, without any marks or injuries, indicating a person with a bright and virtuous heart. The fourth is called the "Clear and Elegant School," located at the eyes: the black part of the eye should be larger than the white, and the spirit light should be contained and not overly exposed, indicating a person who is intelligent and refined.

聰明：第五聰明部學堂，耳有輪廓紅白黃。忠信：第六忠信部學堂，齒齊周密白如霜。廣德：第七廣德部學堂，舌長至準紅紋長。班筍：第八班筍部學堂，橫起天中細秀長。八位學堂如有此，人生富貴多吉祥。

The fifth is called the "Cleverness School," located on the ear: the ear should have a distinct outline, showing red, white, and yellow colors that are bright and lustrous, indicating a person is intelligent. The sixth is called the "Loyalty and Trustworthiness School," located on the teeth: the teeth should be even and dense, white like frost, indicating a person is loyal and trustworthy. The seventh is called the "Benevolence School," located on the tongue: the tongue should be long enough to reach the nose, with a red and moist appearance and fine, long patterns, indicating a person has a broad and generous character. The eighth is called the "Orderly Rank School," located on the heavenly middle (the center of the forehead above the hairline): there should be a fine, delicate, and long bone ridge here, indicating a person has orderly ranks and prominent status. If all eight schools are present, a person's life will naturally be prosperous and full of good fortune.

揹負琴書不得名，學堂無位陷三停。人中一位若無應，空將年月在朝臣。欲說無官少保人、盜門青氣有羅紋。使於鼻上多紅氣，可惜虛勞枉苦辛。月學尖兒義損財，初年流落更多災。官方門舌無人說，只有先賢相出來。

This poem discusses the various signs indicating a deficiency in the学堂 (study) area. Carrying a zither and books, traveling around seeking fame and success, yet failing to achieve it, is because the学堂 is not properly formed, with the three stops having depressions. If the person's philtrum does not correspond with the areas above and below, even if one constantly mixes with officials year after year, it is in vain. To determine if someone cannot become an official or lacks recommendations, look at the area around the "盗门" (theft gate), which shows a greenish hue and has a network-like pattern. If there is excessive redness on the nose, it is also a pity, as it leads to wasted effort and hardship. If the moon hall (the area above the forehead corresponding to the study) is sharp and narrow, it indicates that one will suffer financial loss despite being loyal. In early years, one will be wandering elsewhere and face many misfortunes. When no one in the officialdom supports him, such a facial constitution can only be identified in the ancient face books by sages.

面之三停者，自髮際下至眉間為上停，自眉間下至鼻為中停，自準下人中至頦為下停。夫三停者，以像三才也。上停像滅，中停像人，下停像地，故上停長而豐隆，方而廣闊者，主貴也。中停隆而直峻而靜者，主壽也。下停平而滿端而厚者，主富也。

The face is divided into three parts: from the hairline down to the middle of the eyebrows is the upper part, from the middle of the eyebrows down to the tip of the nose is the middle part, and from below the nose to the chin is the lower part. These three parts are used to represent the 'Three Principles' (San Cai): the upper part represents Heaven, the middle part represents Humanity, and the lower part represents Earth. Therefore, if the upper part is long and full, square and broad, it indicates a person of high status and prominence; if the middle part is prominent and straight, high and calm, it indicates longevity; if the lower part is flat and full, upright and solid, it indicates wealth and prosperity.

若上停尖狹缺陷者，主多刑厄之災，防克父母早賤之相也。中停短促編塌者，主不仁不義，智識短少，不得兄弟妻子之力，有主中年破損也。下停長而狹尖薄者，主無田宅，一生貧苦，老而艱辛也。三停皆稱，乃為上相之人也。

In reverse, if the upper part is narrow and pointed, it indicates many punishments and calamities, and also warns of possible harm to parents, suggesting a lowly status in early life. If the middle part is short and flat, it suggests a person who is unkind and unrighteous, with limited vision, unable to receive support from siblings or spouse, and also indicates a decline in middle age. If the lower part is long but narrow and thin, it suggests no land or property, a life of poverty, and continued hardship in old age. Only when the three parts are evenly proportioned and harmonious is it considered an excellent face.

形之有餘者，頭頂圓厚，腹背豐隆，額闊四方，唇紅齒白，耳圓成輪，鼻直如膽，眼分黑白，眉秀疏長，肩膊臍厚，胸前平廣，腹圓垂下，行坐端正，五嶽朝起，三停相稱，肉膩骨細，手長足方，望之巍巍然而來，視之怡怡而去，此皆謂形有餘也。形有餘者，令人長壽無病，富貴之榮矣。

the so-called "shape in excess" refers to the body being fully adequate and not lacking in any part: the head is round and thick, the abdomen and back are full and prominent, the forehead is broad and square, the lips are red and plump, the teeth are white and clean, the ears are round with clear contours, the nose is straight and the tip is round like a hanging jade piece, the eyes are clear with distinct black and white, the eyebrows are neat, clear, and long, the shoulders and navel are thick, the chest is flat and wide, the abdomen is full and hangs down, and the posture when walking or sitting is upright. The five mountains (forehead, chin, nose, both cheekbones) are high and converge, the three parts of the face are proportionate to each other, the muscles are fine and the bones are delicate, the hands are long and the feet are square. When viewed from afar as he comes, his presence is majestic and dignified; when he leaves, his expression is pleasant and content. These are all called shape in excess. People with shape in excess tend to live long, have few illnesses, and enjoy honor and wealth.

神之有餘者，眼光清瑩，顧盼不斜，眉秀而長、精神聳動，容色澄徹，舉止汪洋。恢然遠視，若秋日之照霜天；巍然近矚，似和風之動春花。臨事剛毅，如猛獸之步深山；出泉迢遙，似丹風而翔雲路。

The term "shen yu" refers to a person whose spirit is full and radiant: his eyes shine clearly and cleanly, looking around without wandering; his eyebrows are neat and long, his spirit vigorous and lively; his appearance and color are clear and bright, his demeanor broad and open. From afar, he appears grand and majestic, like the autumn sun shining on a frosty sky, clear and bright; up close, his expression is solemn and dignified, like a gentle breeze stirring spring flowers, warm and soothing. When facing matters, he is resolute and decisive, like a fierce beast walking through deep mountains; his aspirations are lofty, like a red phoenix soaring through the clouds (the original text mistakenly says "chuquan tiaoyao" instead of "chuchen tiaoyao," and "danfeng" instead of "danfeng").

其坐也如界石不動，其臥也如□鴉不遙，其行也洋洋然如平水之流，其立也昂昂然如孤峰之聳。言不妄發，性不妄躁，喜怒不動其心，榮辱不易其操，萬態紛錯於前，而心常一，則可謂神有餘也。神有餘者，皆為上貴之人，凶災難人其身，天祿永其終矣。

When he sits, he remains motionless like a boundary stone; when he lies down, he is as steady as a resting crow with folded wings. When he walks, he moves with a flowing grace like calm water on flat ground; when he stands, he appears lofty like a solitary peak. He does not speak hastily or impulsively, nor does his temper become irritable without cause. His emotions are not easily stirred by joy or anger, and his integrity remains unshaken by honor or disgrace. Though myriad expressions and situations may appear before him, his mind remains focused and undiverted. This is called having an excess of spirit. Those who have an excess of spirit are all superior noblemen, and misfortune finds it hard to enter their bodies. The heavenly bestowed rank and fortune can be maintained throughout their lives.

形不足者，頭頂尖蒲，肩膊狹斜，腰肋疏細，肘節短促，掌薄指疏，唇蹇額塌，鼻仰耳反，腰低胸陷，一眉曲一眉直，一眼仰一眼低，一睛大一睛小，一顴高一顴低，一手有紋，一手無紋，唾中眼開，言作女音。齒黃而露，口臭而尖。禿頂無眾髮，眼深不見睛。行步奇側，顏色萎怯。頭小而身大，上短而下長，此之謂形不足也。形不足者，多疾而短命，福薄而貧賤矣。

the so-called "shape deficiency" refers to a condition where the body's parts are all lacking and uneven: the head is sharp and thin, the shoulders are narrow and crooked, the waist and ribs are thin and sparse, the elbows are short and stiff, the palms are thin and the fingers are spread out without gathering, the lips are inverted and stiff, the forehead is low and sunken, the nostrils are upturned, the ears are inverted, the waist is low and the chest is sunken; the eyebrows are one curved and one straight, the eyes are one high and one low, the pupils are one large and one small, the cheekbones are one high and one low, one hand has palm lines while the other does not; during sleep, saliva flows and the eyes are half-open, yet the man speaks with a woman's voice; the teeth are yellow and exposed, the breath is foul and the mouth is sharp and narrow; the head is bald and the hair is sparse, the eye sockets are deep and the pupils are not visible; the gait is crooked and unsteady, the complexion is pale and weak; the head is small and the body is large, the upper body is short and the lower body is long—these are all called shape deficiency. People with shape deficiency are prone to illness and have short lifespans, they lack fortune and are poor and lowly.

神不足者，似醉不醉，常如病酒，不愁似愁，常如憂戚，不唾似睡。□睡便覺，不哭似哭，常如驚怖，不嗔似嗔，不喜似喜，不驚似驚，不痴似痴，不畏似畏，容止昏亂，色濁，似染顛癇，神色□傖，常如大失，恍忽張惶，常如恐怖。言語瑟縮，似羞隱藏，貌兒低摧，如遭凌辱。色初鮮而後暗，語初快而後訥，此皆謂神不足也。神不足者，多招牢獄之厄，宮亦主失位矣。

the so-called "spirit is insufficient," refers to a state where one's demeanor is scattered and unable to maintain composure: resembling intoxication but not actually drunk, often appearing as if one has consumed excessive alcohol; not sad yet appearing sad, often displaying a melancholic expression; not drowsy yet seeming to doze, just after falling asleep suddenly waking up; not crying yet seeming to cry, often showing signs of fear; not angry yet seeming angry, not happy yet seeming happy, not surprised yet seeming surprised, not呆滞 yet seeming呆滞, not afraid yet seeming afraid; one's appearance and behavior are confused and disordered, with a dull complexion, as if suffering from epilepsy; one's expression is crude and unrefined, often looking as if having lost something of great importance; one's mind is confused and anxious, as if startled; speech is hesitant, as if ashamed to be seen or deliberately concealing something; one's face is low and defeated, as if having recently suffered humiliation; the complexion starts bright but then turns dark, speech starts fluent but then becomes dull—these are all signs of spirit being insufficient. Those with insufficient spirit are prone to imprisonment and, for officials, are indicative of losing their position.

相人之身，以骨為主，以肉為佐。以骨為形，以肉為容。以骨為君，以肉為臣。然臣不能制君，反為之逆理。若形好容惡，至老不作，容好形惡，乍苦乍樂。假使形容俱好，若有紋痣黑子，亦不為佳。夫紋欲得深而正，黑子欲得大而明，凡相面見顴骨肉薄而開方者，主有權衡。若肉大骨藏，則無權衡。

Assessing a person's appearance, one should focus primarily on the bones and secondarily on the flesh; bones form the framework and structure, while flesh is the outer appearance. Bones are like a ruler, and flesh is like a minister. A minister should not suppress the ruler; if the flesh is excessive and covers the bones, it is against the natural order. If the bone structure is good but the flesh is poor, one will find it difficult to achieve great success in old age; if the flesh is good but the bones are poor, one's life will be full of ups and downs. Even if both bones and flesh are good, if there are evil markings or black moles on the face, it is not considered a good appearance. Markings should be deep and properly formed, and black moles should be large and bright. When examining facial features, if the cheekbones are thin with the bones projecting outward and forming a square shape, the person is likely to have authority; if the flesh is thick and covers the bones, then the person lacks authority. Such people may hold official positions, but they are merely holding routine posts without real power.

其人縱有官職，但常調而已。凡有相之人，或居貧賤，如鳳在地不久必翔，無相之人，忽居富貴，如草非時而生，非地而出矣，必愈疾也。

Such people may hold official positions, but they can only move up in an orderly and routine manner. Those who truly have a good face (appearance) will, even if they are currently in poverty and low status, be like the phoenix temporarily resting on the ground; soon they will surely rise high. Conversely, those without a good face who suddenly find themselves in wealth and honor are like plants growing out of season or not in suitable soil; they will certainly wither and decay quickly (the original text says '必愈疾也' which should be '必萎疾也', meaning rapid decline).

骨節相金石，欲峻不欲橫，欲圓不欲粗。瘦者不欲露骨，肉不稱骨而骨露，乃多難有禍之人也。肥者不欲露肉，肥滯之人也不欲蒲，或滿而盈者乃是死人之相也。骨與肉相稱，氣與血相應。骨寒而縮者，不貧則夭。謂背額而停偏，骨寒而肩聳。大凡物有不全，貧賤壽富夭折，故曰不貧則夭。

The bones should be as firm as metal and stone: they should be lofty and upright rather than spreading out sideways, smooth and rounded rather than coarse and bulky. Thin people should not have prominent bones—when the flesh is insufficient to cover the bones, and the bone joints are clearly visible, such people are prone to misfortune and illness. Fat people should not have thin flesh—those who are overweight and have sluggish circulation also should not have flimsy flesh; if the flesh is excessively swollen and full, it is the appearance of a dead person. In general, bones and flesh should be in harmony with each other, and qi and blood should correspond to each other. A person with cold and thin bones that appear shrunken will not be poor but will have a short life.the so-called bone cold refers to the back and forehead not being straight, the three parts of the face being uneven, the bones being cold and thin, and the shoulders being high and prominent. Generally speaking, if something is incomplete, it will result in poverty, low status, or early death. Therefore, it is said, "If not poor, then short-lived."

日角之左，月角之右，有骨直起為金城骨，位至三公。印堂有骨上至天庭，名天柱骨，從天庭貫頂，名伏犀骨，並位至三公。面上有骨卓起，名為顴骨，主權勢。顴骨相連人耳，名王梁骨，主壽考。自臂至肘為龍骨，象君。欲長而大。自肘至腕名虎骨，象臣。欲短而細。骨欲峻而舒，圓而堅，直而應節，緊而不租，皆堅實之象。

On the left side of the forehead, the day angle, and the right side, the moon angle, if each has a straight, prominent bone rising, it is called the "Jin Cheng Bone," indicating a high official position, possibly reaching the rank of the Three Dukes. If there is a bone in the imprint area extending upward to the heavenly court, it is called the "Tian Zhu Bone"; if it continues from the heavenly court straight up to the top of the head, it is called the "Fu Xi Bone"—both of these also indicate a high official position, possibly reaching the rank of the Three Dukes. If there is a high, prominent bone on the face, it is called the "Quan Bone," indicating control over power. If the Quan Bone extends horizontally and connects into the ear, it is called the "Yu Liang Bone" (the original text says "Wang Liang Bone," and "ren er" should be "ru er"), indicating longevity. The bone from the shoulder to the elbow is called the "Long Bone," symbolizing the ruler, and should be long and thick. The bone from the elbow to the wrist is called the "Hu Bone," symbolizing the minister, and should be short and thin—long ruler bone and short minister bone indicate proper order between ruler and minister. Bones should be high and prominent, broad and solid, straight and in proper measure, compact yet not rough, all of which are signs of strong bone quality.

顴骨入鬢，名驛馬骨，左目上曰日角骨，右目上曰月角骨。骨齊耳為將軍骨，撓日員為龍角骨，兩溝外曰巨鏊骨，額中正兩邊為龍角骨。

A bone extending across the cheekbones into the hairline is called "Post Horse Bone," indicating a person who travels widely and gains official rank. The bone above the left eye is called "Sun Angle Bone," and the one above the right eye is called "Moon Angle Bone," both indicating the fortune of parents. A bone growing horizontally at the level of the ear is called "General's Bone," indicating a commanding and military nature. A bone that circles around the Sun Angle Bone and rises roundly on the eyebrows is called "Dragon Angle Bone." Two prominences outside the法令沟 are called "Giant Tortoise Bone." Prominences on both sides of the forehead are also called "Dragon Angle Bone." These names are determined by their locations and are used to distinguish authority and longevity.

詩曰：骨不聳今且不露，又要圓清兼秀氣。骨為陽兮肉為陰，陰不多今陽不附。若得陰陽骨肉均，少年不貴終身富。

The poem says: bones should not be excessively prominent or sharp, but should be round, clear, and graceful, with a refined appearance. Bones belong to yang, while flesh belongs to yin; if yin (flesh) is insufficient, yang (bones) will have nothing to rely on. If yang and yin are properly balanced, and bones and flesh are in harmony, such a person may not achieve wealth and status in youth, but will enjoy a life of prosperity throughout their lifetime.

骨聳者天。骨露者無立。骨軟弱者，壽而不樂。骨橫者凶。骨輕者貧賤。骨俗者愚濁。骨寒者窮薄。骨圓者有福。骨孤者無親。又云：木骨瘦而青黑色，兩頭粗大，主多窮厄。水骨兩頭尖，富貴不可言。火骨兩頭粗，無德賤如奴。士骨大而皮粗厚，子多而又富。肉骨堅硬，壽而不樂，或有旋生頭角骨者，則享晚年福祿，或旋生頤額者，則晚年至富也。

A person with overly prominent bones is short-lived; those with exposed bone edges cannot sustain their careers; those with weak bones may live long but lack happiness; those with bones growing sideways or irregularly are destined for misfortune; those with light and thin bones are poor and lowly; those with coarse bone structure are dull and confused; those with cold and thin bones are poor; those with round and smooth bones are fortunate; those with isolated and tall bones without support have no support from their six relations. It is also said that those with wood-like bones are thin and have dark blue skin, and if their bones are thick at both ends, they will face many hardships and poverty; those with water-like bones have pointed ends, indicating great wealth and prosperity; those with fire-like bones have thick ends, showing lack of virtue and lowly status like servants; those with earth-like bones are large and have thick skin, indicating many children and wealth (the original text mistakenly says 'shi' instead of 'tu'). If bones are wrapped by flesh and hard, they may live long but not be happy. If new bones appear on the head in middle age, they will enjoy happiness in old age; if bones appear on the chin or forehead later in life, they may achieve great wealth in old age.

詩曰：貴人骨節細圓長，骨上無筋肉又香，君骨□臣相應輔，不愁無位食天倉，骨粗豈得豐衣食，部位應無且莫求，龍虎不須相剋陷，筋纏骨上賤堪憂。

The poem says: The nobleman's bones are delicate, round, and long, without blue veins coiling around them, and his muscles carry a fragrant scent. The king's bone (the dragon bone on the arm) and the minister's bone (the tiger bone below the elbow) correspond and support each other (the original text here has a missing character). Such a person will not lack official rank or enjoy the salary from the Heavenly Granary. Those with coarse and clumsy bone structures, how can they attain sufficient food and clothing? If the various parts do not correspond, there is no need to pursue fame and official position. The dragon bone and tiger bone should not mutually control and suppress each other; if blue veins coil around the bones, it is a sign of lowly destiny, worthy of concern.

肉所以生血而藏骨，其象猶土生萬物而成萬物者也。豐不欲有餘，瘦不欲不足。有餘則陰勝於陽。不足則陽勝於陰。陰陽相勝，謂一偏之相淘為陰骨為陽，陰有餘神則生血，陽有餘神則生氣肉以堅而實直而聳，肉不欲在骨之內，為陰不足，骨不欲生肉之外，為陽有餘也。

The function of muscles is to generate and nourish blood and to contain bones. Their symbolic representation is like the earth producing and completing all things. Therefore, muscles should be full but not excessive, and thin but not deficient. Excessiveness indicates that yin has overwhelmed yang, while deficiency indicates that yang has overwhelmed yin. When yin and yang mutually suppress each other, it results in a condition of partial paralysis. In general, muscles belong to yin and bones to yang. Excess yin allows the spirit to generate blood, while excess yang allows the spirit to generate qi. Muscles should be firm, straight, and have an upright appearance. Muscles should not be retracted inside the bones, which indicates deficiency of yin; bones should not protrude outside the muscles, which indicates excess of yang.

故曰人肥則氣短，馬肥則氣喘，是以肉不欲多，骨不欲少也。暴肥氣喘，速死之期。肉不欲橫，橫則性剛而暴。肉不欲緩，緩則性懦而怕。人肥不欲亂紋路，路漏者近死之兆。肉慾香而暖，色慾白而潤。皮欲細而滑，皆美質也。色昏而枯，皮黑而臭，寵多加塊非令相也。若夫神不稱枝幹，筋不束骨，肉不居□，皮不包肉，速死之應也。

Therefore, when a person becomes fat, they tend to have shortness of breath, and when a horse becomes fat, it tends to pant. This shows that too much flesh is not good, and too little bone is also not good. If someone suddenly becomes very fat and starts panting, it indicates that their time of death is near. Flesh should not be abnormally protruding; if it is, the person's nature tends to be fierce and impetuous. Flesh should not be loose; if it is, the person's nature tends to be timid and fearful. A fat person should not have chaotic markings on their body; such markings are signs of approaching death. The muscles should be fragrant and warm, the skin white and moist, and the skin fine and smooth. These are all signs of good constitution. On the contrary, if the skin is dark and dry, the skin is black and smelly, and there are many warts or lumps on the body, it is not a good sign. As for when the spirit and the limbs and trunk are not in harmony, when the tendons cannot hold the bones, when the muscles cannot adhere to the body, and when the skin cannot cover the muscles—these are all signs of imminent death.

詩曰：骨人肉細滑如苔，紅白光凝富貴來，揣著如綿兼又暖，一生終是少凶災。肉緊皮粗最不堪，急如繃鼓命難長，黑多紅少須多滯，遍□生光性急剛。欲識貴人公輔相，芝蘭不帶自然香。

The poem says: bones are wrapped in flesh, the flesh is fine and smooth like moss, the skin is red and white, with a lustrous sheen, and wealth and nobility come naturally. If it feels soft and warm like cotton, one will rarely encounter misfortune. If the muscles are tight and the skin rough, it is the worst. If the skin is stretched tight like a drumhead, longevity is difficult. If the skin is mostly black and little red, one will often face obstacles. If the whole body shines brightly, the person is impetuous and fierce. To recognize the appearance of a nobleman who can become a high official, look for someone who does not wear fragrant herbs like chizhan, yet naturally exudes a fragrance.

眉緊鼻端平，耳須聳義明，海口仰弓形，晚運必通亨。緊者，眉不散疏也。端者，正也。平者，直也。聳者，提起也。明者，菱角分明也。大而有收拾為海角，朝上而不露齒。曰弓，晚運專指口言。

The general rule says: eyebrows should be closely gathered, the nose should be upright and straight, the ears should be high and clearly defined, and the mouth should be wide like the sea with the corners lifted upward like a bow. Such a person will certainly have smooth fortune in old age. Now let's explain each word: "tight" means the eyebrows are not scattered or sparse; "upright" means straight; "level" means straight; "uplifted" means the ears are raised upward; "clear" means the edges of the ears are distinct. A wide mouth with the corners drawn inward is called "mouth sea"; when the mouth corners are lifted upward and the teeth are not shown when smiling, it is called "bow shape." The so-called late fortune refers specifically to the mouth, because the mouth governs the fortune from fifty-six years old onwards.

五官者，一曰耳為採聽官，二曰眉為保壽官，三曰眼為監察官，四曰鼻為審辨官，五曰口為出納官。《大統賦》云：一官成，十年之貴顯，一府就十載之富豐。但於五官之中，倘得一官成，可享十年之貴也。如得五官俱成，其貴老終。

The physiognomists match the five facial organs with specific functions, collectively known as the "Five Organs." The first, the ears, are called the "Listening and Reporting Officials," governing hearing and early years of life. The second, the eyebrows, are called the "Preserving Longevity Officials," governing lifespan and siblings. The third, the eyes, are called the "Supervisory Officials," governing character and middle years. The fourth, the nose, is called the "Judging and Distinguishing Officials," governing wealth and judgment. The fifth, the mouth, is called the "Receiving and Disbursing Officials," governing diet, credit, and later years. The "Human Relationships Grand Unified Treatise" states: if one of these officials is properly formed, it brings ten years of prestige; if one of the six bone structures (the forehead, cheekbones, and jaw) is well formed, it brings ten years of wealth. Therefore, among the Five Organs, if one is properly formed, one can enjoy ten years of prestige; if all five are properly formed, this noble aura can be maintained until old age.

採聽官：耳須要色鮮，高聳於眉，輪廓完成，貼肉敦厚，風門寬大，謂之採聽官成。保壽官：眉須要寬廣清長，雙分入鬢，或如懸犀新月之樣，魚尾豐盈高居額中，乃為保壽官成。監察官：眼須要含藏不露，黑白分明，瞳子端定，光彩射人，或細長極寸，乃為監察官成。

The conditions for a well-formed "Listening Official" (ear) are: the color is bright, the position is high and rises above the eyebrows, the earlobe and ear shape are complete and well-formed, the ear is closely attached to the head with thick flesh, and the ear hole (wind gate) is wide — only then is the "Listening Official" considered well-formed. The conditions for a well-formed "Preserving Life Official" (brow) are: the eyebrows are broad, clear, and long, the two eyebrows are separated and each extends into the hairline, or they curve like a hanging rhinoceros horn or a new moon; the tail of the eyebrows (fish tail) is full, and their position is high in the middle of the forehead — only then is the "Preserving Life Official" considered well-formed. The conditions for a well-formed "Supervising Official" (eye) are: the eyes are inward-looking and reserved rather than outward-expressive, the black and white parts are clearly defined, the pupil is straight and steady, the eyes shine brightly, or the eye shape is long, reaching about one inch — only then is the "Supervising Official" considered well-formed.

審辨官：鼻須要樑柱端直，印堂平闊，山根連印，年壽高隆，難圓庫起，形如懸瞻，齊如截筒，色鮮黃明，乃為審辨官成。出納官：口須要方大，唇紅端厚，角弓開大合小，乃為出納官成。

The conditions for a successful official (nose) are: the nose bridge, which acts as the main pillar, is straight and upright, the imprint area is flat and full, the mountain root connects smoothly with the imprint area, the areas above the year and longevity are both high and prominent, the tip of the nose is round and the sides, known as the celestial warehouse, are raised, the shape resembles a hanging gallbladder, and it is neat like a cut bamboo tube, with a bright and fresh yellow color — only then is the official (nose) considered successful. The conditions for a successful official (mouth) are: the mouth is square and large, the lips are red, plump, and thick, the corners of the mouth are like bows, and when open it is large, when closed it is small — only then is the official (mouth) considered successful.

成敗傾欹：傾，缺也。欹，低也。傾欹主破散成敗也。《萬金相》云：左耳缺先損父，右耳缺先損母，左右廢缺雙親並損。主妨克離祖亦不奇低十眉也。詩曰：偏堂降地，破祖無疑。兄弟稀少，自身不利。偏堂，耳名也，又口降地，耳低於眉。

One's ears have the appearance of being 'tilted and slanted,' indicating that throughout their life, success and failure will be unpredictable. 'Tilted' refers to a缺口 in the earlobe, while 'slanted' refers to the ear being low and tilted. If both are present, it indicates the family's fortune will be broken, and success and failure will alternate. The book "Wan Jin Xiang Fa" says: if there is a缺口 on the left ear, it indicates the father will be harmed first; if there is a缺口 on the right ear, it indicates the mother will be harmed first; if both ears are damaged, both parents will be harmed. Such people also tend to harm their six relations, leave their ancestral business behind, and it is not unusual for the ears to be lower than the eyebrows. A poem says: if the ears (which are also called 'pian tang') hang low, even below the eyebrows, it is certain that the ancestral fortune will be broken, brothers will be few, and the person themselves will also suffer misfortune. 'Pian tang' is another name for the ears; 'descending to the level of the eyebrows' means the ears are positioned below the eyebrows.

聰明高聳：高聳，過於眉也。郭林宗曰：耳為君，眉為臣。君宜上而臣宜下。高起過眉者，主貴，聰明文學，才俊富貴也。《萬金相》云：耳高眉一寸，永不受貧困。又曰耳如攜起，名播人耳。宋齊丘曰：耳齊日角，曰大貴。許負曰：耳能齊日角，曾服不死藥。又主乎生病少壽長，才智過人。

A person with high ears is intelligent.the so-called "high ears" refers to the upper edge of the ear being higher than the eyebrows. Guo Tai said: the ear is like a ruler, and the eyebrows are like ministers. The ruler should be above and the ministers below, so having the ear higher than the eyebrows is in proper order. Ears higher than the eyebrows indicate a person of noble status, intelligence, literary talent, and wealth. The "Ten Thousand Gold Methods of Facial Reading" says: if the ears are one inch higher than the eyebrows, the person will never be poor. It also says: if the ears are raised high as if lifted, their reputation will spread to many people. Song Qi Qiu said: if the upper edge of the ear is level with the "sun angle" (the area above the eyebrows), the person will achieve great wealth and honor. Xu Fu said: if the ears are level with the sun angle, it is like having taken the elixir of immortality, indicating a life free from illness, long lifespan, and extraordinary intelligence.

皮粗青黑飄蓬：郭林宗曰：左耳為金星，右耳為木星，色鮮者貴而安穩。若皮粗及青色黑而幹者，主一生奔馳南北，散走他鄉，終無定基也。宋齊丘曰：皮粗青黑，走異鄉。廣鑑集云：耳輪青黑，腎藏喪不久也。

A person with rough ear skin and a bluish-black coloration will live a life like floating hemp grass, constantly drifting. Guo Tai said: the left ear belongs to the planet of Metal, and the right ear belongs to the planet of Wood; if the color is bright, it indicates wealth and stability. But if the ear skin is rough, the color is both blue and black, and it is dry, it indicates a life of constant travel north and south, scattering away from home, never establishing a stable foundation. Song Qi Qiou said: those with rough and bluish-black ear skin should go to another place. The "Guangjian Ji" said: if the ear rim turns blue or black, the kidney is already injured, and the life is not long — because the ear is the orifice of the kidney, and the color of the ear can indicate the state of kidney energy.

飄蓬謂：如蓬草也，中原郊野多生，俗名蓬子。根類竹根，其枝葉如楊柳，盤盤旋旋，團欒而生，圓如燈球，分圓若丈餘，秋天枯死之時，風吹出土。若東風起，吹輥往西無阻者，迤邐進去，忽然換西風。復吹遠東而去。若耳皮粗青黑者，為人似蓬草，朝暮走他鄉。無定止也。

Here is an explanation of what is meant by "piao peng": Piao peng refers to a type of grass called pengcao, which grows abundantly in the plains of the Central Plains, commonly known as pengzi. Its roots are like bamboo roots, and its branches and leaves resemble willow trees. It grows in clusters, and when mature, it becomes round like a lantern. When it disperses, its diameter can reach more than a zhang. In autumn, when it dies, it is blown away by the wind, uprooted from the soil. When the wind blows from the east, it rolls westward without any obstruction; suddenly, if the wind changes to the west, it is blown back east. A person with rough, dark skin is like this pengcao, constantly moving from place to place, without a fixed residence.

色如瑩玉，年少作三公：《廣鑑集》云：耳若貴賤，不取大公。先要色鮮，瑩白為上。昔歐陽文忠公，耳白如面，名聲天下。《人倫大統賦》曰：白或過面，主聲譽之飛揚，瑩白貫輪，主信行之敦厚。貼肉垂珠，紅潤自然，主財祿亨通：貼內者，隱伏也。紅潤者，垂珠鮮澤也。主平生財祿綿綿，百謀百成，千求千遂，天生自然富貴。《大統賦》云：壽越眉兮貴□血，聰垂明兮富貼肉。許負云：耳貼肉，富貴足。《太清神鑑》云：對面不見耳，問是誰家子。似此貼肉隱伏，而垂珠紅潤者，主平生旺相而長富貴，一歲人遠至十五歲，蔭成父母，病少之相。

The ears are white and clean, like polished jade, and a person who is young can attain high official positions. The "Broad Mirror Collection" says: the ears indicate wealth and status, not necessarily their size, but first of all, the color should be bright and clear, with a lustrous white and clean appearance being the best. In the past, Ouyang Xiu (posthumous name Wenzhong) had ears so white that they surpassed his face, thus gaining fame throughout the world. The "Great Unified Treatise on Human Relationships" says: if the ear color is whiter than the face, it indicates great reputation; if the white color extends throughout the earlobe, it indicates sincerity and integrity. If the ears are close to the head and the earlobes are red and bright naturally, it indicates smooth wealth and prosperity. "Close to the skin" means the ears are tightly attached to the head without being prominent (the original text mistakenly says "close inside" instead of "close to the skin"); "red and bright" means the earlobes are clear and lustrous. This ear characteristic indicates continuous wealth and prosperity throughout life, with all plans succeeding and all desires fulfilled, which is natural born wealth and honor. The "Great Unified Treatise" says: if the ears are higher than the eyebrows, it indicates longevity; if the ear color (the original text has a missing character here) indicates nobility; if the earlobes are bright and moist, it indicates intelligence; if the ears are close to the head, it indicates wealth. Xu Fu says: if the ears are close to the skin, wealth and honor will be abundant. The "Supreme Clarity Divine Mirror" says: if facing directly, one cannot see the ears (because they are close to the head), then one should ask who the noble son of a family is. Such ears that are close to the skin and have red and bright earlobes indicate a life of prosperity and strength, enjoying wealth and honor continuously. During the period from age one to fifteen, this ear characteristic can also benefit the parents, indicating a healthy life.

若尖小直如箭羽，安得不孤窮：尖小者，謂之猴耳，主孤貧。如箭羽者，其耳形直豎似矢之翎，最為貧賤之相，主十五歲男女，並有妨財破敗，長大貧賤孤獨之相。《五總龜》云：反耳無輪最不堪，直如箭羽少資糧。又曰：雙耳尖小多妨克。

If the ears are sharp and small, straight and upright like the feathers at the end of an arrow, how can one not be lonely and poor? Ears that are small and pointed are called "monkey ears," indicating loneliness and poverty. If the ears are straight and upright, thin and resembling the feathers on an arrow shaft, this is the most impoverished appearance. Whether male or female, during the period before the age of fifteen, they will suffer financial loss and family ruin. In adulthood, they will also exhibit signs of poverty and isolation. The "Five Categories of Omens" states: if the outer part of the ear is inverted and there is no earlobe, it is very bad; ears straight like arrow feathers indicate scarcity of food and wealth. It also says: if both ears are small and pointed, there will be many troubles in the relationships with the Six Relations.

命門難入指，壽元慳短，妄淺愚蒙：命門者，耳孔也，若窄小難入小指尖者，主愚頑短壽，無智之人。《洞中經》云：耳孔容針，家無一金。《太清神鑑》云：耳門如墨，二十之客，夭壽也。無輪兼反薄，家破囊空：薄者，主貧也，一歲至十五之內妨克破祖，長大孤貧，壽夭之相。《太清神鑑》云：輪為城內為廓，城兜廓吉，廓兜城凶。金鏡經曰：耳無輪廓多破散。《大統賦》云：耳薄如紙，貧而早死。五總龜云：能可城兜廓，不可廓兜城。

"The 'Mingmen' refers to the ear hole; if the ear hole is narrow enough that even a small finger cannot fit inside, it indicates a person is foolish and stubborn, short-lived, lacks wisdom, and is shallow and reckless. The 'Yuebo Dongzhong Jing' says: if the ear hole can only fit a needle, the family will not have even two taels of gold. The 'Taiqing Shenjian' says: if the ear hole is black like ink, it indicates the person will be a transient figure by the age of twenty and is destined for an early death. If the ear lacks a rim and is instead thin and exposed, the family will break down and suffer financial loss. Thin ears indicate poverty: such people will experience misfortune and the destruction of their ancestors' legacy from the age of one to fifteen, and later in life will be lonely, poor, and short-lived. The 'Taiqing Shenjian' says: the outer rim of the ear is called 'cheng' (city), and the inner part is called 'kuo' (enclosure); if 'cheng' surrounds 'kuo', it is auspicious, but if 'kuo' surrounds 'cheng', it is inauspicious. The 'Jingjing Jing' says: ears without clear contours often lead to broken relationships and dispersal. The 'Datu Fen' says: ears as thin as paper indicate poverty and an early death. The 'Wuzong Gu' says: it is better for 'cheng' to surround 'kuo', and worse for 'kuo' to surround 'cheng.'"

厚大垂肩極貴，天年過八十方終：《廣鑑集》云：耳大四寸，高聳垂肩者，主大貴壽長，蜀劉先主。耳毫垂肩，目顧其耳。宋太祖口方耳大。只因是毫生竅內，頭自老龍鍾：毫者，孔內生毫也。龍鍾，竹名，其曲頭垂眉地，若人生耳毫，主長壽似龍鍾之竹，緩曲頭低，極老之相也。郭林宗曰：借問何人年過百，耳內生毫頭半白，項下雙絛成一縷，此是人間壽星魄。

Big and thick ears that hang down to the shoulders indicate an extremely prosperous destiny and a lifespan that can exceed eighty years. The "Broad Mirror Collection" says: ears that are four inches in size, high and hanging down to the shoulders, indicate great prosperity and longevity. Shu Han's first emperor Liu Bei was like this—his ears had long hairs hanging down to his shoulders, and his eyes could see his own ears. Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin also had a square mouth and big ears. As for hairs growing inside the ear holes, the head appears old and aged: "hairs" refer to long hairs growing inside the ear holes; "longzhong" is originally the name of a type of bamboo, which bends its head downward to the ground. When a person has ear hairs, it indicates longevity, and the shape resembles the longzhong bamboo, which bends slowly and lowers its head, indicating an extremely old appearance. Guo Tai said: Who can live over a hundred years? Those with hairs growing inside their ears, half-white hair, and two folds of skin below the neck merging into one strand are the appearance of a human longevity figure.

論曰：運限者，上古之壽，一百二十歲為終，今之七十者稀，萬金相法，三主七十五歲為約，左耳七年，右耳八年，男左女右，又天部十年，共二十五年為初主。

General discussion says: Regarding the lifespan related to the ears, the longevity of people in ancient times was considered to end at one hundred twenty years, but now living to seventy is already rare. The "Wan Jin Xiang Fa" divides a person's life into three periods: early, middle, and late, with seventy-five years as the approximate limit. The calculation for ear destiny is: the left ear governs seven years, the right ear governs eight years. For men, the left ear is checked first, and for women, the right ear is checked first. Adding the forehead (the heavenly part) which governs ten years, the total is twenty-five years, known as the "early period" or early destiny.

黑子生在輪上者主聰明，有大痣耳內者，壽長。垂珠上者，主有財。耳前命門者，主火厄，作事有始無終。耳顯三珠者，左定嗣，右定妻。一曰白珠，耳尖上貴陰亦同。二彩紅珠，右耳中生一珠一子，二珠五子，陰亦同。其珠如粟米大圓者應，如綠豆大圓者少應。氣色瑩白紅潤者，貴而吉，黃者病，青者腎衰，黑操者腎喪。忽輪上紅色如炎火者，七日口舌破財或暴焦，色慘青色，其壽不永也。

The moles and complexion on the ears also have corresponding meanings. A black mole on the earlobe indicates intelligence; a large mole inside the ear suggests longevity; a mole on the earlobe indicates wealth; a mole on the命门 (life gate) area in front of the ear indicates a calamity of fire and incomplete achievements. If there are three small pearl-like moles on the ear, the left ear indicates descendants and the right ear indicates spouse. The first type is called white pearl, if it appears on the tip of the ear, it indicates nobility, and the same applies to women. The second type is called colorful red pearl, if one appears in the middle of the right ear, it indicates one son, and if two appear, it indicates five sons, and the same applies to women. The pearls should be round and the size of millet to be accurate, while those as big and round as green beans are less likely to be accurate. Now looking at the complexion: if the ear is bright white and red, it indicates nobility and good fortune; if it turns yellow, it indicates illness; if it turns green, it indicates kidney qi decline; if it turns black and dry, it indicates loss of kidney qi. If suddenly a fiery red color appears on the earlobe, there will be disputes, loss of money, or sudden quarrels within seven days. If the complexion is dull and green, it indicates a short lifespan.