Twenty-Four Seasons and Seasonal Deductions

心屬火，發出氣燥，色紅，多在印堂。脾屬土，氣暗色黃，多在土星。肺屬金，色白，氣青，多在四庫，故金行四肢。腎屬水，氣濁，色黑，多在兩玄壁地庫，各有部位。如印堂屬火之位，若暗，乃水克火，不可不依五行言之。土星屬土，如青，則木克土，即死。

The five internal organs each correspond to the Five Phases, and their manifestations appear in specific areas. The heart belongs to fire, its qi is dry and urgent, and its color is red, commonly appearing in the area between the eyebrows called the "print hall." The spleen belongs to earth, its color is dull and yellow, commonly appearing on the nose (the earth star). The lungs belong to metal, their color is white and the qi tends to be blue, commonly appearing in the "four repositories" (the left and right heavenly granaries and the left and right earth repositories), so the metal qi spreads through the limbs. The kidneys belong to water, their qi is turbid and the color is black, commonly appearing on the two sides of the "dark walls" and the lower "earth repository." Each has its own specific location. For example, the print hall is the fire position; if it shows a dark color, that indicates water overcoming fire. Such cases must be explained according to the generation and overcoming relationships of the Five Phases. The nose is the earth position; if it shows a blue color, that indicates wood overcoming earth, and death is imminent.

五嶽者，額為南嶽，兩顴為東西嶽，土星中嶽，地閣為北嶽。若有一嶽不高，不成格局，不為貴相。若天地不朝，倉庫陷削，獨顴骨也不妙。書云：顴高大貴，要四嶽相顧。今書方言：獨顴生面，田不守，子死妻傷，大不妙之相也。如獨土星高滿，面俱削，為孤峰獨聳，妻子難言，孤獨之相也。

The so-called "Five Mountains" are as follows: the forehead represents the Southern Mountain, the left and right cheekbones represent the Eastern and Western Mountains, and the nose (representing the Earth Star) represents the Central Mountain. Among the Five Mountains, if any one of them is not high and prominent, the face lacks a proper structure and is not considered a noble appearance. If the forehead (Heaven) and the lower jaw (Earth) do not face each other and support one another, and the Heavenly Granary and the Earthly Repository are sunken and thin, then even if the two cheekbones are high, it is still not good. The facial fortune book says that high cheekbones indeed indicate great fortune, but they must be supported by the other four mountains. Now the facial fortune book has pointed out that if only the two cheekbones are prominent, it indicates an inability to retain property, the death of children, and harm to the wife, which is a very bad appearance. Similarly, if the nose is high and full but the entire face is thin and sharp, it is called "a single peak rising alone," indicating that one can expect neither wife nor children, and it is a lonely appearance.

一曰耳為採聽官，二曰眉為保壽官，三曰眼為監察官，四曰鼻為審判官，五曰口為出納官。大經廣監書云：一官成十年貴，顯一府明十栽富貴，五官俱成終身富貴。

The five facial features each have their own official titles: first, the ears are called "采听官" (official of listening and gathering information); second, the eyebrows are called "保寿官" (official of preserving longevity); third, the eyes are called "监察官" (official of supervision and inspection); fourth, the nose is called "审判官" (official of judgment); fifth, the mouth is called "出纳官" (official of receiving and issuing). The two books, "大经" (Great Classic) and "广鉴" (Broad Mirror), say that if one official is well formed, one can attain ten years of noble status; if one of the five palaces (天仓, 颧, 地库, meaning Heavenly Granary, cheekbone, and Earth Store) has bright color and energy, one can attain ten years of wealth and honor; if all five officials are well formed, one will be wealthy and honored throughout life.

耳須要色明高聳過眉，輪廓完成，貼肉敦厚，命門寬大謂之採聽官成。眉須要寬廣清長，雙分入賓，或是弦之新月，首尾豐盈，乃為保壽官成。眼須要含藏不露，黑白分明，瞳子端正，光彩射人，或鳳目細長藏秀，乃為監察官成。

The ears should be of bright and moist color, high and prominent above the eyebrows, with complete inner and outer contours, thick and firmly attached to the head, and the 'life gate' (ear opening) in front of the ear should be wide. This is called the formation of the listening and discerning organ. The eyebrows should be broad, clear, and long, with the two eyebrows spreading apart and their ends reaching the hairline, or curved like a new crescent moon, with full and continuous eyebrows at both the brow and the end. This is called the formation of the longevity organ. The eyes should have a spirit that is contained rather than exposed, with clear black and white, a properly positioned pupil, and a bright glow, or they should be like phoenix eyes, long and delicate with hidden grace. This is called the formation of the supervisory and inspecting organ.

鼻須要樑柱明直，上接山根，印堂明潤，下連年壽高隆，不宜起，準頭庫起形如懸膽，鼻如簡筒，黃明色肉，為審判官成。口須要角弓開大合小，上下唇配齒，配四方，為出納官成。

The nose should be straight and distinct, rising to connect with the 'mountain root' between the two eyes, with the yin tangerine area clear, bright, and moist. It should descend to connect with the 'year section' and 'longevity section,' forming a high, full, and level shape, without any bumps in the middle. The tip of the nose, called the 'precise head,' should rise together with the two sides, known as 'golden armor' (Lantai and Tingwei), forming a full and prominent shape, resembling a hanging gallbladder. The body of the nose should be like a cut bamboo tube, with a yellowish color and flesh. This is called the formation of a judge. The mouth should have its corners curved upward like a bow. When open, it should be large; when closed, small. The upper and lower lips should match the teeth, forming a square and proper mouth shape. This is called the formation of an official in charge of issuing and receiving documents.

色白如玉，年少作三官。貼肉垂眉紅潤，自然財產豐盈。直如箭羽，安得不孤窮。命門窄，難容指，壽元短，作志淺，愚昧。年輪反薄，黑色破囊，空空是也。毫生竅內，天年高壽，厚大珠紅極貴。老態龍鍾，八十壽方終（老人行路顏垂背屈邁步不前，顯之龍鍾）

Those with ears that are white and clean like jade can attain high official rank by their youth. Those whose ears are closely attached to the head, with high earlobes reaching above the eyebrows and a red and lustrous color, naturally possess abundant wealth. Those whose ears are straight and stiff like arrow feathers, with no curvature, will certainly suffer from loneliness and poverty. Those whose "life gate" area in front of the ears is narrow enough to not allow even a finger to pass through, will have short lifespans, shallow ambitions, and be foolish. Those whose earlobes are flapped outward and thin, and whose ears are dark in color, are said to have the "broken bag" appearance, and will be left with nothing in their lives. Those who have hairs growing inside their ear holes will live to a ripe old age. Those with thick and large ears and red earlobes will attain great wealth and status. Such people may be physically weak in old age, but they will live to be eighty years old. Old commentaries say that when the elderly walk, if their faces are downward, their backs are bent, and they cannot move their steps, it is called being "dragon-tired."

濃厚淹留薄束，孤獨，兄弟非宜。骨俊高起，性勇而奸，為非清秀。灣如月樣，文章顯耀榮奇，印堂廣，雙分入賓，卿相貴何疑。豎毛多主殺氣，神剛性暴少思維。交連黃薄奔波勞碌喪他鄉。橫豎妨妻克子，旋羅多孰槍旗底，厭眼相連不斷，運至必遭虧，三十外至此不好。

If the eyebrows are overly thick and dark but the body of the eyebrows is weak and thin, it indicates loneliness and ill fortune for brothers. If the brow bones are high and prominent, the person is fierce and bold, but also cunning, not considered refined. If the eyebrows curve like a new moon, it indicates outstanding literary talent and great achievements; if further accompanied by a broad forehead and widely spread eyebrows that reach the hairline, it is certain to attain high official positions. If the eyebrows stand straight up, they often indicate a fierce and aggressive nature, a sharp temper, and lack of thoughtfulness. If the eyebrows connect together, are yellowish and sparse, the person will have a life of constant toil and may die in a foreign land. If the eyebrows grow sideways and upright, they may harm the wife and cause children to die prematurely. If there are whirlpools in the middle of the eyebrows, the person is likely to live a life in military service. If the eyebrows cover the eyes and form a continuous line without interruption, there will be losses when this fate comes about. If one reaches the age of thirty and enters the period of the eyebrows, they will suffer losses.

兩眼光浮，對輪噴火，殺人賊好奸謀。睛如點漆，聰明。眼大者多攻藝業。上視者，勿與交。斜視者，奸。雞蛇鼠目，不淫則偷，三角眼深藏毒害。

Two eyes with a gleaming look, red around the eyes as if about to burst into flames, indicate a murderer or a habitual schemer. Eyes with dark, bright pupils like ink dots show intelligence. Big eyes suggest a person capable of mastering skills. If someone constantly looks upward with their eyes, do not associate with them. If someone looks sideways, they are deceitful. Those with a pimpled eye, a snake-like eye, or a rat-like eye are either lustful or thieves. Those with a triangular eye harbor hidden malice in their hearts.

小貪，高聳而偏有缺陷，淫蕩。短，未敢言榮昌。最怕十分昂露。如懸膽，必作朝郎。年壽有橫紋，家破苦奔波。山根折斷，田園不守，妻子先亡。

A small nose indicates greed and stinginess; a high but crooked or defective nose bridge suggests licentiousness. A short nose indicates no honor or prosperity. The most dangerous is a nose that is high and upturned with the nostrils exposed. A nose that is full and round like a hanging pearl indicates a position as a government official. If there is a horizontal line on the "year" and "longevity" section of the nose bridge, it signifies the destruction of family fortune and hardship. If the "mountain root" between the eyes is broken or sunken, it indicates the loss of property and the early death of the wife.

短促唇掀，色青齒露，偏斜，骨肉煎熬。闊而不正，虛詐。尖薄，是非之口。唇裡含紫，食祿千鍾。復言上下唇載，多生紋理，過惡，少子孫。食餐多哽咽，必定主屯厄。睡中不合，洩元氣，夭折。兩角低垂，常被人欺。

The mouth is short and quick, lips raised, lips blue, teeth exposed, and mouth crooked, causing mutual suffering with close relatives. If the mouth is wide but not properly shaped, it indicates deceit and hypocrisy. Thin and sharp lips indicate a mouth that causes trouble. If the lips contain a purple color, it signifies a high income and generous salary. If the upper and lower lips are full of lines, it indicates many mistakes and serious crimes, and few descendants. If one often chokes while eating, it indicates a difficult and troubled life path. If one cannot close the mouth while sleeping, it indicates loss of vital energy and a short life. If both corners of the mouth droop downward, one is often bullied by others.

金木成雙，廓有輪，風門容指，聳直朝羅計上，富貴榮華。金木開花一世貧，輪飛廓反有辛勤，於中若有為官者，終是區區不出名。

The left ear has the "Jinxing" (Venus) and the right ear has the "Muxing" (Jupiter), with both ears forming a balanced and symmetrical pair. Inside the outer rim, there is an inner rim, and the ear gate (Fengmen) is wide enough to accommodate a finger. The ear height is tall, upright, and straight, facing upward toward the two eyebrows (Luohou and Jidu). Such a person will attain wealth, honor, and prosperity. In contrast, if both ears have a contour that spreads outward like petals, called "Jinmu KuaHua" (Venus and Jupiter blooming), the person will live a life of poverty throughout their lifetime. If the inner rim protrudes and the outer rim inverts, the person will experience hardship all their life. Among such people, even those who hold official positions will only be minor officials and will never achieve fame.

口含四字如珠紅，兩角生俊同上弓，定是文章聰俊士，少年及弟老來榮。又曰：無俊無角是乞兒。若是偏斜多動亂，是非奸詐愛何疑。

His mouth is square in shape, resembling the character 「four」, with red and plump lips like pearls. Both corners of his mouth are handsome and upward-curving like a bow, indicating he is a clever and talented person who will achieve success in literature at a young age and enjoy honor and prominence in old age. It is also said that if the corners of the mouth are neither handsome nor sharp, it is the appearance of a beggar. If the mouth is crooked and the lips move restlessly while speaking, then he is certainly a person who spreads rumors and harbors deceit. Is there any doubt about this?

火星宮中闊方平，闖澤無紋氣色新，額有三條川字樣，少年及第作公卿。又曰：火星尖窄是常流，紋亂縱橫主配囚，赤脈兩條侵曰月，刀兵法死它州鄉。

The forehead is the "Fire Star" palace, which should be broad, square, flat, and full, with a lustrous and clean appearance without any irregular markings. The complexion should always be fresh. If there are three vertical lines on the forehead forming a "chuān" character, it indicates success in exams at a young age and reaching high official positions. It is also said that a narrow and pointed forehead signifies an ordinary person; whereas chaotic and disorderly markings on the forehead indicate calamities such as corporal punishment and imprisonment. If two red threads enter the left and right "Sun and Moon Corners" (parents' palace), it suggests death by weapons or legal punishment, and dying away from home.

土星端正如簡筒，竅門孔大是三公，蘭臺延慰來相應，必定身名達帝聰。又曰：土宿偏斜受苦心，準頭尖削主孤貧，傍觀勾曲如誰鷹嘴，心裡惡毒必害人。

The nose is associated with the planet of earth. It should be straight and upright, like a section of a bamboo tube. If the nostrils are wide and not turned upward and exposed, one may attain the position of a high official. The "Lantai" and "Tingwei" on both sides of the nose should correspond with the tip of the nose, indicating that one's reputation will reach the ears of the sovereign. It is also said that a crooked nose signifies a life of hardship; a sharp and narrow nose indicates loneliness and poverty. If viewed from the side, a curved nose bridge resembling an eagle's beak suggests a malicious heart and a tendency to harm others.

紫氣宮中潤又方，拱朝帝王是賢良，蘭臺廷慰來相應，定主官榮曰月昌。又曰：紫氣宮中狹又尖，小短無腮更少賓，自小為人無實學，一生虛耗不堪言。

"The purple aura" refers to the area around the forehead. If this area is moist and broad, with a dignified upward flow, it indicates a virtuous and capable minister who can assist the emperor. Additionally, if the nasal wings correspond with "Lantai" and "Tingwei," one is destined for official success and continuous prosperity. It is also said that if the forehead is narrow and sharp, the face is small, the cheeks are lacking in flesh, and the eyebrows taper without the support of the hairline, then the person lacks real knowledge from a young age, wastes their life, and is not worth mentioning.

月孛宜高不宜低，瑩然光彩似琉璃，為官必主忠臣相，更生賢妻又好兒。又曰：月孛窄小孛中狹，又尖破敗事相連，為官豈得榮高祿，學問無成困少年。

"The Moon孛" refers to the area between the two eyes called "mountain root." It should be high rather than low, smooth, lustrous, and radiant like glass. If the mountain root is like this, one will surely have the appearance of a loyal official and will also marry a virtuous wife and have a good son. It is also said that if the mountain root is narrow, indented in the middle, and pointed, it indicates continuous misfortune; such a person will not achieve high official rank or substantial rewards, and will find it difficult to attain scholarly success, suffering hardship in youth.

羅計星中秀且長，分明貼肉應三陽，不惟此顏居正官，言義彰明播四方。又曰：羅計稀束骨聳俊，為人性急又凶連，好惡壯似垂楊柳，兄弟如舊有旋紋。

"Roluohou" and "Ji Du" are the left and right eyebrows. If the eyebrows are clear, neat, and long, with the eyebrows clearly attached to the brow bones and corresponding to the "San Yang" area below the eyes, such a person not only has a dignified appearance befitting an official, but also their words and principles are prominent and spread far and wide. It is also said that if the eyebrows are sparse and form a bundle, while the brow bones are high and prominent, the person tends to be impetuous and prone to cruelty. Even if the eyebrows are long and lush like willow branches, if there is a spiral pattern in the middle of the eyebrows, there will still be disputes among siblings.

眼為曰月似太陽，精神光彩一般強，為官不作當朝相，也合才高作棟樑。又曰：曰月斜短赤貫瞳，更兼孤露又無神，陰陽失位多刀死，枯暗長年必惡終。

Both eyes are paired with the "Sun" (left eye) and "Moon" (right eye) among the stars, just like the sun and moon in the sky. If both eyes have equally strong and bright spirit and luster, one will not reach the position of a prime minister in the current dynasty, but will certainly be a talented and capable pillar of the state. It is also said that if the eyes are crooked, short, and have red threads passing through the pupil, and if the eyeballs are exposed without luster, with yin and yang energies unevenly distributed, they are likely to die from weapons. If the eyes are long-term dry, dull, and dark, they will certainly meet a bad end.

男以精神為主，女以血氣養命，男以精生身，女以血養命，男子精幹即死，女人血枯即凶。男雖以精為主，不知何處可觀？天以曰月為精華，人以雙目為精神，神乃精之苗，精壯即神清，神清則目秀，故男子要眼黑，光彩射人。眼似點漆，終身榮昌，神足氣綏，白手成家。故男子以精神為主。

Men rely on their essence for their fundamental vitality, while women depend on their blood qi to sustain life. Men are born from their essence and qi, while women are sustained by their blood qi. When a man's essence and qi dry up, he dies; when a woman's blood qi is exhausted, she meets misfortune. Since men rely primarily on their essence, where should we look to assess this? Heaven relies on the sun and moon as its essence, and humans rely on their two eyes as the dwelling place of their spirit. The spirit is the sprout of essence, and when essence and qi are strong, the spirit is clear, and when the spirit is clear, the eyes are bright and luminous. Therefore, men should have dark, bright eyes that shine with radiance. Eyes that are black as lacquer indicate lifelong honor and prosperity; a full spirit and calm breath allow one to start from nothing and achieve success. Therefore, men should primarily rely on their spirit.

女子以血為主，何處驗？血在皮內，色在皮外，皮內若血足，皮外必光明，血內色外，乃為一根一苗，有根即有苗，有血方有色，凡血色兩件皆有者為妙，如色不潤，也不妙，為有根無苗。如色明內無血，為有苗無根，主淫相。如血潤不華，主夭。血光色浮，主淫。色暗唇皮乾白，主夭。乃為血不潤，不出子，賤婦也。

A woman's vitality depends on her blood. Where can we observe this? Blood resides inside the skin, but its color appears on the surface. If there is sufficient blood inside the skin, the outer surface will be bright and lustrous. Blood inside and color outside are like root and sprout: there must be a root to have a sprout, and there must be blood to have color. When both blood and color are present, it is the best condition. If the complexion is not moist and lustrous, it is not good, indicating there is a root but no sprout. If the outer color is bright but there is no blood inside, it indicates there is a sprout but no root, which is a sign of promiscuity. If the blood is moist but the color is not beautiful, it indicates a short life. If the blood glow is on the surface and the complexion is floating and not grounded, it indicates promiscuity. If the complexion is dull and the lips and skin are dry and pale, it also indicates a short life. These are all signs of insufficient blood moisture, and such a woman cannot bear children and is considered of low status.

又髮乃血之餘，髮若束薄、黃短亦不好也。青黑為貴，長為賢。書云：髮青之女貴且榮，長潤生兒定富饒，若是旋螺並短薄，貧賤妨夫又殺子。男子要目清，女人要髮厚。

Hair is produced from the residual energy of blood. Sparse, dry, thin, yellowish, and short hair is not good. Black and dark blue hair indicates wealth, while long hair signifies a refined and virtuous woman. The book of physiognomy says: a woman with black and dark blue hair is both noble and prosperous; if her hair is long and lustrous, she will surely have children who are wealthy. If the hair twists like a snail shell, is short and thin, it indicates poverty, harm to the husband, and failure to have children. In summary, men should have clear and bright eyes, and women should have thick and dense hair.

又曰：皮無光，血不華。顴高、額削、目圓、嘴尖、臀嬌兼胸露，三十年來嫁七家。又云：背陷成坑婦不宜（女人背為福德），胸膛高起好是非，睛黃面赤唇掀露，不孝不賢破敗衰。

It is also said that if the skin lacks luster, it indicates that the blood and qi are not flourishing. A woman with high cheekbones, a narrow forehead, round eyes, a pointed mouth, a thin and small buttocks, and prominent ribs will marry seven men within thirty years. It is also said that a woman with a sunken back is inauspicious—old comments say that a woman's back represents her fortune and virtue. A woman with a prominently protruding chest tends to cause trouble. Those with yellow eyes, red faces, and lips curled upward revealing teeth are unfilial and unvirtuous, and their family will experience decline and decay.

又云：婦女睛長不露光，皮香肉潤好賢良，色瑩和澤碧蛋面，生子須當待君王，擇婦何須擇美容，肩寬背窄毒似蚣，鼻隆鳳目眉勾額（勾如螺紋，下平，其妙得配為奇），養子須當朝聖君。又云：婦人產女氣粗，乃不良，下賤之輩。

It is also said that a woman with long and slender eyes, whose gaze does not protrude outward, and whose skin has a fragrant scent with a moist and lustrous complexion, is a good sign of a virtuous and capable woman. If her complexion is bright and smooth, and her face is clean and radiant like a jade egg, the son she bears will be able to serve the king. Why choose a wife solely for her beauty? A woman with broad shoulders and narrow back may have a heart as venomous as a centipede. A woman with a prominent nose bridge, a pair of phoenix eyes, and eyebrows curved like hooks with a flat and even forehead—old annotations say that eyebrows curved like spiral patterns with a straight lower edge, this combination is most extraordinary—such a woman will raise a son who can hold a position in the court and assist the sage ruler. It is also said that a woman whose breath is heavy after giving birth to a daughter has a bad nature and is of low character.

象曰：乾道成男，坤道成女，陰陽有別，剛柔有體，故男相與女相不同，女相以柔為本，以剛為形，以清為貴，以濁為賤。

The Image Commentary of The Zhou Changes says: The principle of Heaven establishes the male, and the principle of Earth establishes the female. Since yin and yang have already been differentiated, and the qualities of firmness and softness each have their own forms, therefore the characteristics of men and women differ. The female form takes softness and compliance as its foundation, firmness and strength as its external framework, clarity as its virtue, and turbidity as its disgrace.

印堂一正，助賢良人，發福興家。目秀藏神，得貴子。九秋步月，鼻如懸膽，雲髮雙鬢擁金冠。兩顴獨高，克子刑夫多性燥。睛黃髮赤，三十成婚。肩聳肩寒，幼年貧賤。堆金積玉，多因門龜寬舒。衣錦藏珠，只為面圓方正。

A woman with a well-shaped forehead can assist her virtuous husband and bring prosperity to the family. If her eyes are clear and her spirit is contained within, she will give birth to a noble son. If she walks calmly as if strolling under the moon in autumn, and her nose is full and prominent like a hanging pearl, with hair like clouds that can hold a golden crown, these are signs of a noble wife. If her cheekbones are high and prominent, she may cause harm to her children and husband, and be impetuous in temperament. If her eyes appear yellow and her hair has a reddish tinge, she will marry at the age of thirty. If her shoulders are high but thin and she appears timid and shivering (shoulder cold), she will be poor in childhood. Those who can accumulate wealth often have a wide and full area from the middle of the nose to the mouth (the gate and tortoise area). Those who can wear fine clothes and possess treasures are mainly due to their round and square face.

女人大概顴高不榮，額削不貴，面金面凹，獨守蘭房。色若鮮明，必產英豪。印堂血撰，可產及弟之男。掌若常紅，當生尚書之子。顏清貌秀，可為霜婦守閨門。血潤色紅，到底難言通貞節。鳳目、腮圓、額正，可為極品夫人。天陷、地削、顴橫，下賤不堪言論。

A woman with high cheekbones will not achieve fame, and one with a thin forehead will not attain high status. If her face is pale and yellow like gold, and her face is sunken in the middle, she will remain alone in her chamber. If her complexion is bright and vivid, she will give birth to a heroic son. If there is a red color running through her forehead, she will have a son who passes the imperial examinations. If her palms are always red and healthy, she will have a son who becomes a minister of the Hanlin Academy. If her spirit is clear and her appearance is elegant, she may become a chaste widow who remains faithful to her husband's memory. However, if her blood color is moist but her face is overly red, she will ultimately fail to maintain her chastity. If she has a pair of phoenix eyes, round cheeks, and a properly shaped forehead, she may become a first-rank诰命 wife. But if her forehead is sunken, her chin is sharp, and her cheekbones are wide and prominent, she will be of low status and unworthy of praise.

楊妃好色，皆眼露光深。謝女才高，只為血和明潤。綠珠身映樓前，可恨印堂一陷。武則尼遇高宗，實乃面圓唇珠。桂英力破天門，十六腰圓四尺。昭君北番身殞，小口額暗牙尖。吳夫人產二英，臍內深藏彈子。買臣妻夫不貴，闊口聲橫細腰。何故女人為將，蓋因目大眉橫。

Yang Guifei was sentimental and fond of beauty, due to her bright and deep eyes. Xie Daoyun had extraordinary talent, because her blood and qi were harmonious and her complexion was bright. Lu Zhu jumped from the building and died before it, pitifully because her forehead was sunken. Wu Zetian, though a nun, met Emperor Taizong of Tang and became empress, indeed because her face was full and she had a pearl-like mark on her lip. Mu Guiying was able to break the heavenly array, because at sixteen her waist was four feet around and her figure was round. Wang Zhaojun married far away to the northern tribes and died in a foreign land, only because her mouth was small, her forehead's complexion was dull, and her teeth were sharp. The grandmother of the Wu Kingdom gave birth to two outstanding heroes, because her navel was deep and could contain a bullet. Zhu Maiqin's wife did not gain wealth through marriage, because her mouth was wide, her voice was harsh, and her waist was weak. Why could women become generals? Mostly because their eyes were large and their eyebrows were spread wide.

出嫁旺夫生子，準明唇紅印潤。半世不能婚配，色暗聲躁腰粗。一生福祿多榮，光浮色榮。雙眼一雙好目，天然性格聰明。兩道弓眉，自有賢良作配。指似春筍，皮香肉潤，配侯王。若光浮、面皮衰、須薄，淫賤。聲似奏樂，韻悠揚終，富貴。容若下嚴多溫雅，必定夫榮。

Those who marry and can bring prosperity to their husbands and bear children have bright and moist noses, red and vivid lips, and a luminous forehead. Those who remain unmarried for half their lives have dull complexion, restless voices, and thick, coarse bodies. Those who live a life of fortune, honor, and distinction have faces that are bright and radiant with a prosperous appearance. Those born with good eyes are naturally intelligent and wise. Those born with eyebrows shaped like curved bows are destined to marry a virtuous and capable husband. Those with long, slender fingers like bamboo shoots and soft, fragrant skin with a healthy glow are fit to marry a marquis or a duke. If one has an oily and hollow face, a withered complexion, and sparse, mustachial hairs on the lips, they are likely to be licentious and of low character. Those whose voices are like music, resonant and lingering, are destined for wealth and honor. Those with a dignified and graceful appearance, full of warmth and elegance, will surely marry a husband of great distinction.

窮人之婦，何曾血潤光瑩？富室之妻，定是臍深、腹厚、臂寬、腹大，何曾無子？唇薄皮幹，朝夕開口舌。乳頭黑，肚臍深，生子必貴。乳頭小，肚臍淺，子俗無能。總言之，血色浮光，克子喪夫。準暗、印多紋理、眼大、顴高，夫權必奪，喪子刑夫。骨粗肉硬，喪夫刑破定無疑。內助賢能，須要唇紅並眼秀。搖頭擺手，身輕腳重，下流人。語言和潤，持家整內不須言。

A poor woman has never seen blood that is moist and bright, nor has her skin been lustrous. A wealthy woman, however, must have a deep navel, a thick abdomen, broad arms, and a full lower abdomen; such a woman would certainly have children. Those with thin lips and dry skin constantly speak ill of others. Those with dark nipples and deep navels will give birth to sons who will attain high status; those with small nipples and shallow navels will have sons who are mediocre. In general, those with blood that is pale and lacks luster, and whose appearance is overly bright, will cause the loss of children and the death of their husbands. Those with a dark nose, many lines on the forehead, large eyes, and high cheekbones will certainly take away their husband's power and cause the loss of children and punishment for their husband. Those with coarse bones and stiff muscles will certainly lose their husbands and ruin their families. A good wife should have red lips and clear, bright eyes. Those who walk with their heads shaking and hands swinging, with their upper body light and steps heavy, are lowly people. Those who speak gently and smoothly, and manage their households in an orderly and disciplined manner, need not be further described.

天頂為景陽，天倉為太陽，後腦為後陽，天靈為靈陽（女無此官），左右目角為華陽，此乃六陽。還有二十四骨，各有一名，為二十四氣，故頭為一身之主，不可欠缺，偏陷歪斜薄削此數者有一件，乃破相也。最要平圓，骨起角，角有成，主為有用，六陽之中，如一陽不成，亦不取用。

The top center of the head is called "Jingyang," the two sides of the forehead at the Heavenly Granary are called "Taiyang," the back of the head is called "Houyang," and the front part of the head at the Heavenly Spirit is called "Lingyang" — old annotations say that women do not have this feature. The areas outside the corners of the eyes on both sides are called "Huayang." Together, these are known as the "Liuyang." There are also twenty-four bones on the head, each with its own specific name and corresponding to twenty-four kinds of qi. The head is the master of the entire body and must not be lacking; if any of the conditions such as being tilted, sunken, crooked, slanted, thin, or shaved are present, it is considered a disfigurement. The most important aspect of the head is that it is flat, upright, and round. The bones should form ridges and angles, and only when the angles are properly formed does a person have value. Among the six yang points, if any one of them does not form a proper pattern, it is considered insufficient and not useful.

眼為太陽，太陽如同天這曰月，要明要秀。一身之本，定在雙睛，黑白分明，光彩射人，眸子端正，不上不下，不歪不斜，不偷，方為有用。書云：視瞻平正，為人剛介心平。上視多敗，下視多奸，斜視多偷，光浮多淫，露神多夭，此數件若犯一件，不為取用，即非貴人也。

The eyes are matched with the star "Sun" in the star system, just as the sun and moon in the sky should be bright and refined. The fundamental aspect of a person is determined by their eyes: they should be clearly defined with black and white, radiant and attractive, with the pupil properly centered, neither rolling upward nor downward, nor slanting, nor looking sideways or sneakily. Only then are they considered useful. The book of physiognomy says: those whose gaze is level and upright are straightforward and have a peaceful heart. Those who constantly look upward are often troublesome, those who constantly look downward are often deceitful, those who look sideways are often thieves, and those with bright, floating eyes are often indulgent in lust. If one of these traits is present, the person is not worth taking seriously and cannot be considered a nobleman.

耳為金木二星，宜白。故曰：金清木秀，方言及弟登科。金暗木枯，豈得終身福利？一歲至耳，十四歲方止，又名根基家業，不欲低垂、反薄、枯削、偏斜。書云：金木無成浪，宜紅、宜平、宜開、宜貼肉為妙。又云：金木開花，一世虛名虛利。

Both ears should correspond to the "Jinxing" (Venus) on the left ear and the "Muxing" (Jupiter) on the right ear, and the color of the ears should be white. Therefore, it is said that if Jinxing is clear and bright, and Muxing is elegant and moist, one can achieve success in exams and rank high; but if Jinxing is dim and Muxing is dry and withered, how can one attain lasting fortune and benefits? The flow of years begins from the first year and continues until the fourteenth year, so the two ears are also called the "foundation" and "family business." Ears should not be drooping, outwardly flipped and thin, dry and thin, or crooked. The book of physiognomy says that if Jinxing and Muxing do not form a proper pattern, a person will live a life of wandering without a fixed place; the color of the ears should be red and moist, the shape of the ears should be flat, the ear gate should be wide, and the ear should be close to the skin, which is considered good. It also says that if the outline of the two ears spreads outward like flowers, called "Jinxing and Muxing blooming," one will only gain empty fame and benefits in life.

又云：輪暗如泥死必知，小兒赤色病來隨，若是光明如粉白，福壽雙全事事宜。又云：對面不見耳，問是誰家子？對面不見腮，斯人何處來？

It is also said that if the earlobe is dark and dull like mud, death is certain; if a child's ear shows a red color, illness will come soon; if the ears are bright and clean, white as powdered jade, then he will enjoy both good fortune and longevity, with everything going smoothly. It is also said that if someone's ears are not visible when facing directly (the ears are pressed against the head and not protruding), he is likely a noble son from a wealthy family; if someone's cheeks are not prominent when facing directly (the cheeks are not outwardly protruding), this person has a great background and must have a significant origin.

眉為羅計二星，宜高不宜低，宜長不宜短，宜清不宜濁，如眉濃、低、濁、斷，終身難問親情。眉散又束，手足視同陌路。眉長過目，兄弟五六，須信有之，所以宜上最要眉秀。書云：登科一雙眼，及弟二道眉。又云：無職無權，只為雙眉不秀。如眉不好，三十外可知破敗，老不生毫，難許花甲一周。

Two eyebrows should be paired with the stars 'Luohou' and 'Jidu'. They should be high rather than low, long rather than short, clear and bright rather than dull and turbid. If the eyebrows are thick, low, turbid, or broken, one will have difficulty communicating with relatives throughout their life. If the eyebrows are scattered and sparse, brothers and sisters will be like strangers. If the eyebrows extend beyond the eyes, there will be five or six brothers and sisters, and this is indeed reliable. Therefore, eyebrows should be high, and the most important thing is that they are refined and elegant. The book of physiognomy says: success in the imperial examination depends on a good pair of eyes, and promotion depends on a good pair of eyebrows. It also says: if one has no official position or power throughout their life, it is because their eyebrows are not refined. If the eyebrows are not well formed, one can predict decline after the age of thirty, when the eyebrows' influence is active. If in old age there are no hairs growing in the middle of the eyebrows, it is difficult to live to the age of sixty.

鼻為一面之本，上接天庭，下通海口，又名土星，又名中嶽，又名財帛宮，最要者乃鼻也。萬物生於土，故為一面之根本。不可偏斜勾曲，不宜山根折斷，不宜年壽起節，不宜龜門不通，此數件若犯一件，乃貧窮之相。

The nose is the fundamental part of the face, connecting upward to the forehead (the heavenly palace) and downward to the mouth (the sea mouth). It is also called the "Saturn" bone, the "central mountain," and the "treasure palace." The nose is the most important part of the entire face. All things originate from earth, so the nose is the foundation of the face. The nose should not be crooked or twisted, nor should the "mountain root" (the area between the eyes) be broken or sunken. It should not have a prominent bone section in the "year" and "longevity" areas, nor should the nostrils (the turtle gate) be blocked. If any of these conditions are present, it indicates a sign of poverty.

山根高起，年壽平是明，準頭豐滿，金甲燙完，乃一生財豐祿足，富貴之相。書云：鼻乃財星，管中年之造化，四十一至五十一止。

The mountain root is high, the year and longevity areas are level and full, bright and moist. The nose and the bridge are full and fleshy. The two sides of the nose, called 「gold armor」 (Lantai, Tingwei), are complete and harmonious. This is the appearance of a person who will have great wealth and honor in life. The face book says: the nose is the star of wealth, governing the fortune in middle age. The flow year starts from forty-one to fifty-one.

口為水星，故名海口，容納百流，上通四嶽（額、兩顴與鼻為四嶽），下潤一身，最宜紅潤、大厚、齒白、唇齊，上下得配方為貴相。書云：唇紅齒白人多祿，薄小尖偏福不宜。六十至此管十年事。書云：睛青口闊文章高。人若目暗口尖，多是貧窮之輩。面大口小何足為奇，面小口大何足以道。面圓口闊，方是。

The mouth is associated with the planet Water, hence called "Hai Kou" (Sea Mouth), capable of holding the flow of all rivers. It connects upward to the "Four Mountains" — old commentaries say the forehead, both cheeks, and the nose together form the Four Mountains — and nourishes the entire body downward. The mouth should ideally be red, large, with thick lips, white teeth, and well-aligned upper and lower lips, which is considered a noble appearance. Facial interpretation says that people with red lips and white teeth have more blessings and good fortune, while those with thin lips, small mouths, or slanted mouths have less fortune. When the sixty-year cycle reaches the mouth, it governs events for ten years. Facial interpretation also says that people with bright green eyes and broad mouths are likely to have high literary achievements; if the eyes are dull and the mouth is sharp and narrow, they are likely to be poor. A large face with a small mouth is not extraordinary, nor is a small face with a large mouth significant; what is important is a round face with a broad mouth, which is considered good.

夫項者上載六陽，下通百穀。不可不觀。古人之書只有相喉，未有相項之說，項者乃一身之主，豈無相乎？凡女相項周長為妙，男人不同，瘦人項欲長，肥人項欲短，瘦人項短，三十前後難逃，肥人項長，四九不能保身。

The neck supports the head with the "six yang" energies and connects downward to the entire body's meridians and the passage for food and drink, so it must be observed. Ancient face reading texts only focused on the Adam's apple, not the neck itself. Yet the neck is the central pivot of the whole body, so why is there no method for judging it? For women, a straight and long neck is ideal. For men, it is different: a thin person should have a long neck, while a fat person should have a short neck. A thin person with a short neck may face difficulties around the age of thirty; a fat person with a long neck may not survive past thirty-six (forty-nine).

凡項一忌結喉，二忌浮筋，三忌露骨，四忌動氣。此四者俱貧窮之相。瘦人結喉，不過困守，肥人結喉，浪死他州。先生曰：皮急肉浮又結喉，半生車若走他州。血枯若霜者，四十前後壽必休。

The neck has four taboos: first, a prominent Adam's apple; second, visible blue veins; third, exposed bones; fourth, the pulse on the neck moving visibly when speaking. Those who have any of these four are considered to have the appearance of poverty. A thin person with a prominent Adam's apple is confined to a small area; a fat person with a prominent Adam's apple will wander away and die prematurely. Liu Zhuang said: those with tight skin, flabby muscles, and a prominent Adam's apple will spend half their lives like a wheel rolling from place to place. Those whose neck has a pale, waxy color resembling frost will surely die before the age of forty.

又曰：項圓皮厚，有重紋者，定是聰明俊秀人，兩背兩肩來濟遇管教，白屋舌公卿，故頭從圓，項若細，難言有壽。項有重紋，為項條，主大壽一生，不招凶。

It also says that those with a round neck, thick skin on the neck, and several overlapping horizontal lines on the neck are certainly intelligent and handsome people; if they also have a thick back and broad shoulders to support and assist, even if they come from a poor family, they can attain high official positions. Therefore, the head should be round; if the neck is thin and weak, it cannot be considered long-lived. Overlapping horizontal lines on the neck are called 'XiangTiao', indicating a long life and no misfortune.