The secret to determining the cause of illness and predicting life and death.

何知此人病在心？兩眉鎖皺山根細，氣色青黑暗三陽，心痛心憂愁鬱際。何知此人病在肝？兩眼睛紅頸筋粗，氣色乾燥金傷木，定然束怒氣嘈嘈。何知此人病在脾？滿面青黃瘦不支，神衰唇白難運食，成溼成痰定必宜。何知此人病在肺？顴紅肺火顴黑寒，血咳吐血殊哮喘，寒熱兩關顴上看。

How do you know that a person's illness is in the heart? The eyebrows are tightly furrowed and the root of the nose is weak and thin; the area between the three yang (the eyes and under the eyes) has a dark, dull, and bluish-black color — this is the appearance when one suffers from heart pain, worry, or depression. How do you know that a person's illness is in the liver? The eyes are red, and the neck veins are swollen and prominent; the complexion is dry — this indicates that the metal element has injured the wood element. The person must often be filled with anger and talk a lot. How do you know that a person's illness is in the spleen? The face is pale and yellow, and the person is thin and weak; the spirit is weak, the lips are pale, and the person has difficulty digesting food — this indicates the presence of dampness and phlegm. How do you know that a person's illness is in the lungs? Redness on the cheekbones indicates lung fire, while blackness indicates lung cold; coughing up blood, vomiting blood, and asthma each have their own characteristics; whether it is cold or hot is determined by the color of the cheeks.

何知此人病在腎？耳黑額黑面烏暗，補水制火節慾心，眼睛昏暗房勞禁。何知此人盅脹亡？山根低小面黑黃，縱有病人面略白，眼深鼻斷象孤寒。何知此人手足傷？山根一斷氣難揚，腎虧筋弱殊火爍，跌撲傷病鼻骨殃。何知此人夾色病？兩眼昏暗神不清，兩眉粗壓目蒙昧，夾色傷寒陽縮驚。

How do you know that a person's illness is in the kidneys? If the ears and forehead are dark in color, and the whole face is dark and dull, then the treatment should focus on nourishing water to control fire, and also restrain sexual desires. For those with dim eyesight, especially, sexual activity should be completely avoided. How do you know that a person has died from蛊胀 (ascites and abdominal distension)? The mountain root is low and small, and the face is black and yellow. Even if some patients have a slightly pale complexion, they will show signs such as sunken eye sockets and broken nasal bridge, indicating a severe deficiency of yang energy. How do you know that a person has suffered hand and foot injuries? If the mountain root is broken, then the qi cannot rise. This is due to kidney deficiency and weak tendons, which is different from the condition of fire scorching the tendons and bones. The danger of falls and bruises is indicated by the nasal bone. How do you know that a person has contracted the disease of夹色 (a condition resulting from exposure to cold wind after sexual activity)? If both eyes are dim and the spirit is unclear, with thick eyebrows pressing on the eyes and dim eyesight, this is precisely the condition of夹色伤寒, where the penis becomes retracted, indicating a dangerous situation.

何知此人主長寒？面有垢神色暗黃，黑是寒兼黃是熱，有痰宜辨眼睛黃。何知此人主狂痰？眼突睛黃下白現，殺重性剛主狂顛，痰生肺火胸中戰。何知此人遺精症？皮色青黃色木榮，有時紅豔如脂抹，相火虛痰亦洩精。何知此人痛心病？頭低眉皺山根青，兼印多紋抑鬱重，精舍暗黑痛難勝。

How do you know that a person has a constitution prone to cold? His face appears covered with a layer of dullness, and his complexion is dark yellow. Black indicates cold, while yellow indicates heat; when both are present, it suggests an imbalance. To determine if he has phlegm, observe whether his eyes are yellow. How do you know that a person is about to experience a fit of mania? His eyes protrude, his sclera is yellow, and the lower part of the white of his eye is visible. Those with strong aggressive energy and a stubborn temperament are prone to mania, which is caused by phlegm generated from lung fire and accumulating in the chest. How do you know that a person has seminal emission? His skin is bluish-yellow and lacks luster; sometimes his cheeks are red as if painted with rouge. This indicates excessive fire in the liver, with false phlegm disturbing the lower energizers, leading to seminal leakage. How do you know that a person has heart pain? He lowers his head, frowns, and his mountain root (the area between the eyebrows) is dark blue. Additionally, if the area of the forehead (the imprint area) has many lines, it indicates excessive depression. If the eye sockets (the area around the eyes) are dark and the pain is unbearable, it suggests heart pain.

何知此人火爍金？顴紅血壯髮鬚少，露筋露骨齒牙頹，定知火盛筋骨燒。何知此人主長寒？鬚濃困口不分清，黑更須防餐飯少，老來噎食定優驚。何知此人必吐血？山粗露骨瘦且小，面青骨赤血必防，縱然不吐瘡衄照。何知此人必癆症？面皮網鼓眼神急，人瘦氣短性操兼，鼻劍背薄頤尖齦（齦者露牙上肉也）。

How do you know that a person has excessive heart fire scorching the lung metal? The cheekbones are red, the blood and qi are strong but the hair is sparse; the bones and tendons are exposed, and the teeth are decayed—this indicates excessive fire, which burns the bones and tendons. How do you know that a person is constitutionally cold and weak? The beard is thick and surrounds the mouth, making the boundary unclear; if the beard is black, one should be cautious of a reduced appetite, and in old age, he will surely suffer from choking, causing worry and alarm. How do you know that a person will definitely bleed? The mountain root is rough and exposed, and the person is thin and small; the face is bluish and the bones show a reddish color, so one must be cautious of blood disorders; even if he does not bleed, he will still suffer from sores or nosebleeds. How do you know that a person will certainly get tuberculosis? The face is tight like a drum covered with a net, and the eyes are restless; the person is thin, short of breath, and has an irritable temper; the nose bridge is thin like a sword's spine, the back is frail, and the cheeks are sharp with the gums exposed. (Original note: Gums refer to the flesh above the teeth.)

何知此人失血來？面皮背黃色不榮，鬚紅鬚赤髮早脫，此時失血乃成形。何知此人熱嘔血？額黑耳暗面皮焦，唇裂紫黑驗如此，面上無光定不調。何知此人糞後紅？年壽之間有暗烏，定然食燥則生血，痔血便血作常遭。何知此人腎水虧？眼下陰陽有暗烏，必是少年多縱慾，眼深暗黑又乾枯。

How do you know that a person is losing blood? The skin and back turn yellow without luster; the beard appears red and hot, and the hair falls out early—by this time, the symptoms of blood loss have taken shape. How do you know that a person with a heat condition is vomiting blood? The forehead is black, the ears are dark and dull, and the skin is dry and withered; the lips are cracked and purple-black, and this is confirmed by observation; the face lacks luster, indicating a definite disorder of qi and blood. How do you know that a person is bleeding after defecation? There is a dark, dusky color between the nose bridge—this indicates that the person must have consumed something hot and dry, leading to bleeding; hemorrhoids and bleeding during defecation are common occurrences. How do you know that a person has kidney water deficiency? There is a dark, dusky color on both sides of the eyes—this indicates excessive indulgence in sexual activity in youth; combined with sunken eye sockets, dark and dry appearance, it confirms the diagnosis further.

何知此人發哮喘？兩顴暗黑多烏點，此是肺寒實無疑，唇黑兼之檢自宜。何知此人多衄血？鼻樑光焰似火形，瘡疾須防前後見，蕩疼疔疥一齊成。何知此人多盜汗？面白唇青髮淡黃，脾弱肝虛神不壯，總官壯胃補牌方。何知此人手足震？皆因末指屈難仲，血不榮筋方有此，老來氣疾占其身。

How do you know that a person is prone to asthma? The cheeks are dark and have many dark spots—this is definitely a sign of cold in the lungs; if the lips are also dark, then this diagnosis is even more certain. How do you know that a person often bleeds from the nose? The bridge of the nose has a fiery glow; also be cautious of sores appearing in front or behind, as pain, carbuncles, and scabies may all occur together. How do you know that a person has night sweats? The face is pale, the lips are blue, and the hair is light yellow; this indicates a weak spleen and a deficient liver, with a weak spirit, and the treatment should always focus on strengthening the stomach and spleen. How do you know that a person's hands and feet tremble? It is because the little finger is bent and difficult to extend; this is a condition caused by the blood failing to nourish the tendons and muscles, and in old age, the person will be plagued by symptoms related to the qi aspect.

何知此人痰必多？眼下浮胞自帶黃，肉脹痰凝氣不運，乃從此位認真妝。何知此人氣不足？面皮淡白無榮色，或浮或腫或削瘦，總是氣弱為真的。何知此人多熱病？面紅髮焦火生燥，唇爛口瘡亦多逢，皮膚血熱或兼到。何知此人陰份虧？面青面黑皮乾枯，唇黑肉削眼昏暗，定是陰虛命必無。

How do you know that a person has a lot of phlegm? The eyelids are swollen and have a yellowish tinge; this indicates muscle swelling, phlegm stagnation, and poor circulation of qi. You should carefully observe this area. How do you know that a person has insufficient qi? The skin is pale and lacks luster; it may be swollen, puffed up, or emaciated—this is always due to weak qi, and this is the most accurate sign. How do you know that a person has excessive heat illness? The face is red, the hair is dry and brittle, and there is excessive fire and dryness; the lips may be ulcerated, and sores may appear in the mouth; sometimes symptoms of blood heat in the skin also appear. How do you know that a person has a deficiency in yin? The face is bluish or blackish, the skin is dry and withered; the lips are black, the muscles are reduced, and the eyes are dim—this definitely indicates yin deficiency, and the life is in danger.

何知此人生瘰為？人瘦筋露面黑赤，髮眉暗濁山根小，肝鬱或形身病的。何知此人陽不起？滿面暗黑如煙蔽，三陽枯陷眼無光，綜是陽縮腎病發。何知此人身將死？命門口汞井窀烏，兩目直視無轉側，應知不久即嗚呼。何知此人死復生？滿身病重眼神清，觀視玲瓏一點照，三陽遠透耳光榮。

How do you know that a person will develop a neck abscess? The person is thin with exposed tendons, and the face has a blackish red color; the beard, eyebrows, and hair are dark and dull, and the area between the eyebrows is narrow — this indicates liver qi stagnation, or an existing physical illness. How do you know that a person's sexual function is impaired? The face is dark and looks as if smoked; the three yang areas (eyes and beneath the eyes) are dry and sunken, and the eyes lack luster — this is due to atrophy of the genital organs and kidney disease. How do you know that a person is about to die? The area around the lower back, mouth, upper lip, and chin turns dark; the eyes are fixed and cannot move — this indicates that death is imminent. How do you know that a person, though seriously ill, can recover from death? Although the body is full of severe illness, the eyes are clear; the gaze is bright and has a little light; the color of the three yang areas is clearly visible, and even the ears appear bright and lustrous.

何知此人身將病？山根烏暗身災現，倘有鳥鵲集大庭，準頭暗黑命將遺。何知婦人經不調？眉毛紛亂認其端，束熱定然顴額赤，虛寒唇白面青凝。何知婦人遺白帶？黃白無光面是真，或成崩漏皆無肉，浮氣虛癆則贏身。何知小兒多驚險？耳根青暗頭筋現，兩耳不重失氣形，無風波浪急如箭。何知此人多瘡疥？頭骨過重肉不稱，陽為頭骨火必多，瘡疥依然生列宿。

How can one know that a person is about to fall ill? If the mountain root area is dark and gloomy, signs of bodily calamity are already present; if there are dark spots on the forehead (the heavenly palace) like a flock of crows, and the nose is dark and black, then life is in danger. How can one know if a woman has irregular menstruation? One can tell from the disorder of her eyebrows; if it is due to depression and heat, the cheekbones and forehead will definitely turn red; if it is due to deficiency and cold, the lips will be pale and the face will appear bluish and dull. How can one know if a woman has leukorrhea? If her face is yellowish and pale without luster, this is the most accurate sign; if it turns into excessive bleeding, her face will lose flesh; if it is due to a combination of floating deficiency and weakness, she will become thin and frail. How can one know if a child is often in danger? If the ear roots are dark and gloomy, and the veins on the head are visible; if the ears are not thick and lack vitality and shape, then there will be trouble without any wind, sudden and urgent like an arrow flying. How can one know if a person is prone to sores and scabies? If the skull is overly thick and the muscles are not in proportion; since bone belongs to yang, a heavy skull indicates excessive fire, and sores and scabies will appear one after another.

腎虧眼肚黑，肺熱準頭紅，肝盛雙眉赤，寒喘兩顴烏，多風籃眼白。痰溼眼中黃，多痰眼肚腫，寒胃口唇青，腎絕耳黑槁，溼盛面皮黃。肝燥皮毛燥，血熱眼顴紅，夾色眼昏暗，足傷月孛沈，尖血烏年壽。遺洩面青黃，氣虛面黃腫，多許唇面青，痛甚眉心皺，面黑月字青。忽病忙何急，面紅又鬚紅，額烏宜補水，唇白忽嘗寒，顴赤宜清肺。

People with kidney deficiency have dark under-eye circles; those with lung heat have a red nose; those with excessive liver fire have red eyebrows; those with cold asthma have dark cheeks; those with wind syndrome have blue whites of the eyes. Those with phlegm-damp have yellowish eyes; those with excessive phlegm have swollen under-eye bags; those with cold stomach have blue lips; those with near kidney failure have black and withered ears; those with excessive dampness have a yellow face. Those with dry liver have dry skin and hair; those with blood heat have red eyes and cheeks; those with jaundice have dim eyes; those with foot injuries have a dark area between the eyebrows; those with bleeding conditions have dark year-long life mark. Those with seminal emission have a greenish-yellow face; those with qi deficiency have a yellow and swollen face; those who talk a lot and consume qi have blue lips and face; those with severe pain have furrowed eyebrows; those with a black face have a dark area between the eyebrows. Those who suddenly fall ill and are anxious have red face and red mustache; those with dark forehead should nourish kidney water; those with pale lips have suddenly caught cold; those with red cheekbones should clear lung fire.

肥盛要除痰，瘦人肝火盛，贏弱虛氣防，困喉鬚噎食，血燥鬚疵紅。洩漏面黃白，腹痛白面唇，面黑藍防盅，眼仰突防狂，人瘦面筋現。似鶴狀成癆，面藍青鬼昧，絕胃口門藍，服毒白人口，鼻暗身將亡。痰盛面光亮，氣急瘦癆亡。貧寒無子福為一極；身胖無聲為二極，無子息兒孫後福；足腫無肉為三極，無子息福，老貧；面大頤小為四極，少貧終賤；胸脹肚削為五極，無晚福，貧寒；頭大頸小為六極，貧而夭，無結果。

Fat and strong people should be treated for phlegm; thin people are often prone to liver fire; weak and frail people should be careful of qi deficiency. Those whose beard is locked around the throat are likely to suffer from choking; those with dry heat in the blood have red and blemished beards. Those with diarrhea and slipping symptoms have a yellowish and pale complexion; those with abdominal pain have pale face and lips; those with a bluish-black complexion should be cautious of ascites; those with eyes rolling up and protruding should be cautious of mania; those who are thin with exposed blue veins on the face and look like cranes are likely to develop tuberculosis. A bluish and purplish complexion indicates ghostly dullness; those whose mouth turns blue are near death due to dying stomach qi; those who have white vapor entering the mouth have taken poison; those with dark stagnation on the nose are near death. Those with excessive phlegm have an oily and shiny face; those who are short of breath and thin die from tuberculosis. There are also six extremes: the first extreme is poverty, no children, and no fortune; the second extreme is being fat but speaking inaudibly, indicating no children and no blessings from descendants; the third extreme is swollen feet with no flesh, indicating no children, no fortune, and poverty in old age; the fourth extreme is a large face with small cheeks, indicating poverty in youth and low status throughout life; the fifth extreme is a swollen chest and a thin abdomen, indicating no fortune in old age and lifelong poverty; the sixth extreme is a large head and a thin neck, indicating poverty and short life, and no success in endeavors.

腳長於身為一惡，下停是也；眼突眼紅為二惡，雙輪噴火，或筋紅貫。筋如火，聲焦而散；髮臭聲嘶力三惡，面大鼻小為四惡，髮如鐵絲為醜惡；多密色枯，須連燕尾皆然；頭傾過步為六惡，謂伏面頭低，行動頭過步也。

The legs are longer than the upper body, which is the first evil — referring to the lower part being too long. The eyes are prominent and red, which is the second evil: the eyeballs appear like two fire wheels emitting flames, or there are red threads running through the eyes, and the red veins look like fire. The voice is dry and hoarse. The hair has a foul smell and the voice is weak and hoarse, which is the third evil. A large face with a small nose is the fourth evil. The hair is hard like iron wire, which is the fifth evil (the original text says 'ugly'): the hair is thick and dense with a dry and dull color, and the beard forms a swallow's tail shape, all fall into this category. The head leans forward, and the head moves before the feet, which is the sixth evil: referring to looking down and lowering the head, walking with the head ahead of the steps.

顴為兩嶽，所以佐土星而行運也；無顴中運不發，縱有鼻亦為無輔，必須兩顴中聳有肉也。骨鼻有樑柱豐隆，準竅不露，準頭有肉，便是得配；忌露骨忌破，忌尖忌反，忌腫臃忌下，忌黑忌纏，忌邊高邊低，淚堂流破。

The two cheekbones correspond to the eastern and western mountains among the five mountains, and their function is to assist the planet of earth (the nose) in governing one's fortune. If there are no cheekbones, then the fortune in middle age will not be established; even if the nose is well formed, it is considered to lack support. It is necessary for the two cheekbones to be centrally elevated and covered with flesh. Furthermore, if the nose bridge is solid and the nose is full and elevated, and the nostrils are not exposed, and the tip of the nose has flesh, then this is called being properly matched. The cheekbones should avoid being exposed, broken, sharp, or inverted; they should also avoid being swollen or drooping, having a dark color, or having markings wrapped around them. They should also avoid being uneven in height, and the tear hall should not be eroded or damaged.

顴高則作事有權，顴低則作事游移；無肉包則乖戾，有肉包則公正；太露主刑沖，帶破主壽夭；反則強悍，暗則刑劫；露骨則好勇為非，凹下則無權，偏則性情不定，橫則行為乖張，此相顴之大略也。顴之氣從命門來，如鬢門閉命門，顴必瀉肉，改命門位，肉必復生，然後準有輔佐，此秘傳口訣不可輕洩。

A person with high cheekbones has authority in doing things, while one with low cheekbones is indecisive. Those whose cheekbones are not covered with flesh tend to be perverse in nature, whereas those with flesh covering their cheekbones act justly. If the cheekbones are overly exposed, it indicates punishment and clash; if they are broken, it signifies a short life. If the cheekbones are outwardly prominent, the person is strong-willed and fierce; if they are dark in color, it indicates suffering from punishments and calamities. If the cheekbones are clearly visible, the person tends to be reckless, aggressive, and engages in wrongdoing. If the cheekbones are sunken, the person lacks authority. If they are slanted, the person is fickle in nature. If they are uneven or protruding, the person's behavior is erratic. This is the general principle of facial bone reading. The energy on the cheekbones comes from the life gate area (the region in front of the ears). If the hair at the temples blocks the life gate, the flesh on the cheekbones will necessarily sag. If this hair is adjusted to open up the life gate, the flesh will naturally regrow, allowing the nose to have support. This is a secret oral transmission, not to be easily disclosed.

頸為天柱，上承元首，下貫一身；宜分形局以定短長，以配肥瘦。瘦人宜長忌短、忌筋，肥人宜短忌長、忌筋；筋露性暴，喉露性急；色黑多賤，色白多貴；圓潤而富貴並享，瘦削而貧賤可虞；傾則壽絕，健則壽長；頸後無肉多貧賤，頸有餘皮則顯榮。瘦人頸短壽必寡，肥人頸長財亦傾；頭歪者為之頸無力，壽有可虞；頭正者為之頸有神，福定然永；頭小頸大壽宜防，頭大頸小壽不永；綢喉財必滯，如條命必長；過長者清貧高為，班雜者性鄙貧寒；此乃相頸之準繩，理之現然易見者也。

The neck is called "Tian Zhu" (Heavenly Pillar), connecting the head above and the body below. To assess the neck, one must first determine its shape and structure, then decide whether it should be long or short, and match it with the person's body type. A thin person should have a long neck, avoiding a short neck or exposed tendons; a fat person should have a short neck, avoiding a long neck or exposed tendons. Exposed neck tendons indicate a temperamental and impetuous nature, while an exposed Adam's apple suggests a quick-tempered disposition. A black neck often indicates a lower social status, while a white neck suggests higher status. A round and smooth neck signifies wealth and honor, while a thin and sharp neck suggests poverty and low status. A crooked neck indicates a short lifespan, while a firm neck suggests a long life. A neck with no flesh at the back often indicates poverty, while a neck with excess skin suggests potential for honor and success. A thin person with a short neck is likely to have a short lifespan; a fat person with a long neck will likely lose wealth. A person with a tilted head indicates weak neck strength and a worrying lifespan, while a person with a straight head indicates strong neck energy and a long, prosperous life. A small head with a thick neck warns of a short lifespan, while a large head with a thin neck suggests a short life. If the throat is twisted like silk, wealth will be blocked; if the neck is straight, life will be long. A very long neck indicates poverty but a noble character, while a neck with mixed colors suggests a mean nature and poverty. These are the criteria for judging the neck, and the principles are clear, easy to understand.

骨為陽，肉為陰，不可陽勝於陰；宜豐隆聳起，亦要肉包乃貴，倘孤露則俗而不貴也。骨之貴者多在頭上，從鼻上天中，名日天犀；從額上天中，名日伏犀；日月角為父母骨；虎角為龍虎骨；輔角橫人邱陵冢墓，為驛馬骨；從邱陵上項心過冢墓，為仙橋骨；從天中頂際分插左右山林，為金閡玉山骨；頂心有小骨挺起，名日玉環骨；頂上有圓骨若軟若硬，名日圓光骨；耳後有骨者，名日壽星骨；山林冢墓豐滿者，名日慕道骨；頂上高圓者，名日神佑骨；枕後有橫骨起者，名日玉枕骨；若彎上者，名日文曲骨；若三團者，名日品字骨；一團圓起者，名日金骨；孤露者，名日本節育；覆月樣者，名日金水骨。

The bones belong to the yang aspect, while the flesh belongs to the yin aspect; the yang should not overpower the yin. Bones should be full and prominent, but they must also be wrapped by flesh to be considered valuable. If the bones are isolated and exposed, it appears coarse and lacks value. Valuable bones are mostly found on the head: those running from the bridge of the nose straight up to the heavenly center are called "Heavenly Rhinoceros Bone"; those running from the forehead straight up to the heavenly center are called "Hidden Rhinoceros Bone"; the two areas on the sides of the nose, called "Parents' Bones"; those on the sides of the forehead resembling tiger horns are called "Dragon and Tiger Bones"; those crossing over the areas of hills and graves are called "Post Horse Bones"; those rising from the hills, passing through the top of the head, and then reaching the graves are called "Heavenly Bridge Bones"; those running from the heavenly center and branching out to the left and right hills are called "Golden Palace and Jade Mountains Bones"; a small bone rising prominently in the center of the head is called "Jade Ring Bone"; a round bone on the top of the head that feels soft yet firm when pressed is called "Round Light Bone"; a bone behind the ears is called "Longevity Star Bone"; full and rounded hills and graves are called "Devout Path Bone"; a high and round head is called "Divine Protection Bone"; a horizontal bone rising on the back of the head is called "Jade Pillow Bone"; if that horizontal bone curves upward, it is called "Literary Curve Bone"; if it is divided into three clusters, it is called "Character Bone"; if it is a single rounded lump, it is called "Golden Bone"; if it is isolated and exposed, it is called "Solitary Joint Bone"; if it resembles an upside-down crescent moon, it is called "Golden Water Bone."

邊城有骨起者，名日金城骨；堂有骨起至大庭，名日天柱骨；顴骨逢人耳，名日玉梁骨；顴骨入鬢，名日馹馬外馳骨；顴骨插天倉，名日富貴骨：仙橋金閡並起，名日周仙骨；山林骨起，名日隱逸骨；中嶽豐隆，名日神仙骨；施生頭角，名日晚福骨；施生頤領，名日晚富骨；諸骨俱宜肉包，不宜孤露；骨橫性兇暴，骨輕身貧賤；骨俗性愚蠢，骨寒多夭薄；骨露多刑沖，骨尖多蹇難骨隆主福壽，骨奇定忠烈，此骨相之大概也。

A city on the border with a prominent bone is called "Jin Cheng Gu" (Golden City Bone); if the bone in the area of the forehead extends straight up to the heavenly palace, it is called "Tian Zhu Gu" (Heavenly Pillar Bone); if the cheekbone extends horizontally to the ear, it is called "Yu Liang Gu" (Jade Beam Bone); if the cheekbone extends into the hairline, it is called "Yi Ma Wai Chi Gu" (Post Horse Bone); if the cheekbone extends into the Heavenly Granary, it is called "Fu Gui Gu" (Prosperity and Wealth Bone); if the Xian Qiao Bone and Jin Que Bone are both prominent, it is called "Zhou Xian Gu" (Zhou and Xian Bones); if bones rise in the mountainous area, it is called "Yin Yi Gu" (Recluse Bone); if the nose is full and prominent, it is called "Shen Xian Gu" (Immortal Bone); if bones appear late on the forehead, it is called "Wan Fu Gu" (Late Prosperity Bone); if bones appear late on the lower jaw and neck, it is called "Wan Fu Gu" (Late Wealth Bone). All these bones should be covered with flesh, not exposed and isolated. Bones that grow horizontally indicate a fierce nature; bones that are thin and delicate indicate a low social status; bones that are coarse indicate a dull mind; bones that are cold and thin indicate a short lifespan; exposed bones often lead to punishment and conflict; sharp and narrow bones often lead to difficulties; thick and prominent bones indicate a long and prosperous life; unusual bone structures indicate a loyal and heroic character. This is the general idea of bone structure.

身有三停，長短各宜得配；身有大小肥瘦，亦貴相宜。自頸至臍為上停，自臍至膝為中停，自膝至足為下停；上停長主安逸，下停長主奔勞，木形身宜瘦；長不露筋骨；土形且莊重，背厚腰圓；金宜皮白肉潤皮鮮；火宜瘦硬，露骨起節；水宜肥胖，腫臃皮寬。諸形直白宜黃，忌黑忌暗；水形、本形黑亦佳。

The body is divided into three parts, each of which should be proportionate in length. A person's body size may be tall, short, fat, or thin, but it is best if each part is in harmony. From the neck to the navel is the upper part, from the navel to the knees is the middle part, and from the knees to the soles of the feet is the lower part. A long upper part indicates a life of ease and comfort, while a long lower part suggests a life of toil and hardship. Those with a wood shape should be thin, though not so thin as to reveal bones; those with a earth shape should be dignified, with a thick back and round waist; those with a metal shape should have fair skin, smooth muscles, and bright complexion; those with a fire shape should be thin and firm, with prominent bones and joints; and those with a water shape should be fat, with a bulky body and loose skin. In general, the skin should be white or yellow, avoiding black or dark tones; however, people with a water or wood shape may have slightly darker skin.

胸宜平闊，忌窄忌狹；窄狹者。量狹識淺；乳宜堂大，珠多色黑、色紅俱利。主多子而貴；忌白、忌塌、忌破、忌小、忌毛；多毛以一二三條為玉帶，子貴而賢，過多則多生多克；心直平滿，忌陷忌拗，陷者心不足，拗者心有餘；忌尖忌突，心胸尖突名雞胸，主孤寒心多狡毒；肚上宜拗，坳則臍下有托，主人謙虛有福；忌飽忌脹，忌收忌瀉；肚上胞脹則腹下無托，主無結果；上若收若瀉，腹下無托，主無結果；肚臍宜深宜攔，深主有子而佳，攔朝主子無虛花有結果；忌卸，卸而不朝，子必無結局，虛花有防；腹下宜有帶有托，有帶有托是為有氣，主子結局，無則無結束；忌凹忌收，收凹皆無托之渭，主無子結局。

The chest should be broad and flat, avoiding narrowness and narrowness; a narrow chest indicates a small capacity and shallow understanding. The breast area should have a wide areola and firm, full nipples, either black or red are favorable, indicating many children and good fortune; avoid white nipples, sagging, broken, small nipples, or hairy growths. Hairs on the sides of the breast, one to three strands, are called "Jubai," indicating sons who are noble and virtuous; too many hairs may lead to many births and many losses. The area around the heart should be flat and full, avoiding concave or twisted shapes; a concave shape indicates insufficient heart energy, while a twisted and protruding shape indicates excessive heart energy; also avoid sharp or protruding features. A sharp and protruding sternum is called "Jixiong," indicating loneliness and a tendency towards cunning and deceit. The upper part of the abdomen should be slightly indented, as an indentation indicates support below the navel, suggesting humility and good fortune; avoid fullness, swelling, upward contraction, or downward sagging. If the upper abdomen is swollen, the lower abdomen lacks support, leading to no results in endeavors; if the upper abdomen contracts or sags, the lower abdomen also lacks support, resulting in no results. The navel should be deep and have a surrounding edge; a deep navel indicates many children and is favorable. If the navel edge rises upward, it indicates sons who are not wasteful and have a good outcome; avoid a loose navel opening, especially if it does not rise, as sons will likely have no outcome and be wasteful. The lower abdomen should have a horizontal band-like pattern and support, as having support indicates vitality and sons with a good outcome; without support, there is no outcome. Also avoid concave or contracted shapes, as both indicate lack of support, leading to no children and no outcome.

背宜厚宜豐，福壽富貴，並享三甲成也；忌陷忌骨，陷則無壽；露骨主勞疾病苦，又主無財福，腰宜平宜圓，主富貴福壽，忌折忌小，折則無壽，小則多淫。小腳宜骨肉勻調，股宜長短合配，膝宜圓而不過尖，尖主犯刑；趾直而不過長，長則主勞；腳背忌露筋，露筋主辛苦無財；腳板忌無紋，無紋主賤；足毛宜軟宜光，軟光安逸，粗便勞苦。

The back should be thick and full, which brings blessings, longevity, and wealth; three prominent bones along the spine are considered a good formation. It is undesirable if the back is sunken or if the bones are exposed; a sunken back indicates a short lifespan, while exposed bones suggest toil, illness, hardship, and lack of wealth. The waist should be flat and round, indicating wealth, honor, and longevity; a bent or sunken waist signifies a short lifespan, while a narrow waist suggests promiscuity. The lower legs and feet should have bones and flesh in proportion, and the thighs should be of appropriate length; the knees should be round but not excessively pointed, as pointed knees may lead to legal troubles. The toes should be straight but not too long, as overly long toes indicate toil. The foot's top should not have visible veins, as exposed veins mean a life of hardship and lack of wealth; the sole should have proper patterns, as patternless soles indicate low status. The hairs on the feet should be soft and lustrous; soft and shiny hairs indicate ease and comfort, while coarse and hard hairs suggest hardship and toil.

臀宜肉宜肥，肥人無臀防子，女人無臀主賤；穀道宜有毛，有毛可聚財，毛多號淫；陽物宜小，大則淫賤，過長無子；陰戶宜軟，大無子養，太小主賤，寬主淫；陰毛宜少，男女同，陰毛多好淫；囊宜縮，腎帶皺如荔枝殼是腎水足，骨水足無病多子，且易成實；便宜散，散如撒珠；腋宜香，忌狐臭，凡有孤臭主夫婦無緣；膊宜平，卸膊主無擔荷，多貧苦，結局不佳，此乃相身之大概也。

The buttocks should be firm and full; a fat person without buttock flesh should be cautious about having children; a woman without full buttocks is considered to have low status. There should be hair around the anus area; having hair can bring wealth, but too much hair is considered lustful. A man's genitalia should be small; if too large, it indicates lustfulness and low morals; if too long, it may result in infertility. A woman's genital area should be soft; if too large, she may not be able to conceive; if too small, it indicates low status; if too wide, it suggests lustfulness. The pubic hair should be minimal, and both men and women should have similar amounts; having more pubic hair indicates lustfulness. The scrotum should be tight, and the skin should be wrinkled like a lychee shell, indicating abundant kidney water; abundant kidney water means fewer illnesses, more children, and easier success. Small advantages should be scattered and spread out, like scattered pearls. The armpits should have a pleasant fragrance and should not have body odor; those with body odor are considered to have no harmony in marriage. The shoulders should be level and upright; those with sagging shoulders are unable to bear responsibilities, often poor, and have an unsatisfactory ending. The above are the main points of body constitution.

大人相貌形容，必有定局如泥，肥瘦黑白以定形格，則今日之瘦者，未必他日不肥矣；今日之黑者，未必他日之不白宜；以此相人焉有不差者哉！況夫金木水火土，各有肥瘦之分：如以金論，則有大金小金之別，所謂庚金辛金是也；以木論；以火論；則有丙火丁火；以上論，則有戊土已土；是顯然肥瘦各一也。又且有相生相剋，之殊乎甚矣，相面之不足定形局也；故掌屬先天，肥瘦有定，厚薄不移，相掌定形，此心鏡秘旨之真傳也。

The appearance of an adult is not necessarily fixed like a clay statue. If one determines a person's constitution solely based on their fatness or thinness, their skin color, then today's thin person may become fat tomorrow, and today's dark person may turn fair. Using such a method for face reading can hardly avoid errors. Moreover, the five elements—metal, wood, water, fire, and earth—each have their own variations in fatness or thinness: for instance, metal includes large metal (Geng) and small metal (Xin); for fire, there is Bing fire and Ding fire; for earth, there is Wu earth and Ji earth—each clearly having a fat and a thin type. Furthermore, there are differences of mutual generation and mutual control among them. Therefore, judging constitution solely from the face is clearly insufficient. The palm, however, belongs to the Earlier Heaven, and its thickness or thinness is fixed and unchanging. Judging constitution through the palm is the true essence of the secret teachings of the "Heart Mirror."

掌有八卦，而最緊要在巽、離、坤三宮。巽主財帛，離主功名，坤主子嗣。巽為福，離為德，坤為祿，掌心為明堂；宜平宜坳，忌卸忌突，忌暗忌筋。指為龍，掌為虎，指長固仕，仍求相配；木形之指乃長，其餘不能盡長也。紋多固妙，或少亦宜；木形之掌乃多紋，其餘不盡多紋也、肥人掌厚，瘦人掌薄；肥人掌密，瘦人掌漏指罅疏也。瘦人掌厚主吝嗇，勤儉生財；肥人掌薄無財；掌背豐而筋不露，身逸多金；掌心紅而坳不瀉，富足有餘；露筋者勞碌，露節者耗財；掌小者貴，掌大者勞。甲宜健，主有膽，甲如錘，主無能；節過大，主性懶；紋縱橫，主心雜，此掌中之大概也。

The palms are associated with the Eight Trigrams, with the most important being the Xun, Li, and Kun trigrams. The Xun trigram, located at the base of the index finger, governs wealth. The Li trigram, at the base of the middle finger, governs official rank and prestige. The Kun trigram, beneath the little finger, governs descendants. It is also said that Xun represents fortune, Li represents virtue, and Kun represents official position. The palm is called the Bright Hall, which should be flat or slightly concave, avoiding loose, raised, dark, or blue-veined appearances. Fingers are likened to dragons and the palm to a tiger; although long fingers may indicate official status, they should also match the palm. Long fingers are suitable for people with a wooden form, while others should not all have long fingers. Although many palm lines are good, having fewer is also acceptable. People with a wooden form should have many lines, while others need not necessarily have many. Thick palms belong to plump people, while thin palms belong to slender people. Plump people have fingers that close tightly together, while slender people's fingers leave gaps when brought together. A slender person with a thick palm indicates stinginess, but can become wealthy through diligence and frugality. A plump person with a thin palm lacks wealth. A full hand back without visible tendons indicates a comfortable and wealthy life. A red palm with a deep center that does not lose its energy signifies abundance. Exposed tendons indicate hard work, exposed joints indicate financial loss. Small hands indicate high status, while large hands indicate hard labor. Strong, firm nails indicate courage, while short, blunt nails indicate lack of ability. Large finger joints indicate laziness, and chaotic palm lines indicate a scattered mind. This is the general principle of palm reading.

惟掌紋宜深秀，深者現秀不粗；成字、成令、成印者俱宜；無名指下有紋沖近刊位，功名必有正路異路；末指下有紋沖，異路亦榮；直紋多，人必聰明；橫紋多，人必心紛；指節多橫紋主清貴，直紋主清靈；幹位豐圓紋不破，祖業可居；坤位缺陷紋多沖，多貪花柳；紋溢掌旁多用，紅聚掌內運必通；掌宜配面，掌長者面必長，掌小者而必小，掌方者面必方，掌短者面必短，掌圓者面必圓，掌厚者面必厚．如不合配，定從生克以推詳也。掌又宜配身，亦如面宜配身，均同一理耳。故云身瘦面宜瘦，身配面要配掌，能身面配，富貴辨精微。又云頸短面長不利子，面短掌長不利財；身長頸短命必夭，膊聳頭縮壽早傾；身、掌、面皆宜配合矣。又凡掌大者長者，粗者皆主勞碌之人；圓者、厚者、小滑者、軟者、不露筋節者，多是富貴之輩也，可不知乎哉。

The palm should have deep and clear lines, deep lines appearing refined rather than coarse; lines forming characters such as 'ming' (meaning), 'ling' (command), or 'yin' (seal) are all favorable. If there are lines on the ring finger that rise upward and approach the position of the life line, success in official positions is assured, either through conventional or unconventional paths; if there are lines on the little finger that rise upward, one may achieve honor through unconventional means. Those with many straight lines are intelligent, while those with many horizontal lines have restless minds. Many horizontal lines on the finger joints indicate a refined and noble character, while many straight lines suggest a keen mind. If the area near the thumb (the Qian position) is full and round with lines not breaking through, ancestral wealth can be maintained; if the area near the little finger (the Kun position) is defective with many lines breaking through, one is likely to be fond of indulgence. If lines extend to the sides of the palm, there will be much toil; if red and lustrous energy gathers in the palm center, fortune is assured. The palm should match the face: a long palm corresponds to a long face, a small palm to a small face, a square palm to a square face, a short palm to a short face, a round palm to a round face, and a thick palm to a thick face; if they do not match, one should refer to the Five Phases' generating and overcoming relationships for detailed analysis. The palm should also match the body, just as the face should match the body, for the principle is the same. Therefore, a thin body should have a thin face; the body should match the face, the face should match the palm, and when the body and face match, the subtle distinctions of wealth and status can be discerned. It is also said that a short neck with a long face is unfavorable for descendants, a short face with a long palm is unfavorable for wealth; a long body with a short neck indicates a short lifespan, and a shrunk head with raised shoulders suggests an early end. In summary, the body, palm, and face should all match. Those with large, long, or thick palms are destined for toil; those with round, thick, smooth, soft, and unmarked palms are likely to be wealthy and prosperous—this point should not be overlooked.

行乃一身之舉動，形為之所流露也。貴人之行，氣從下降，力聚踵履之間，故身不搖而足不亂也；得一“重”字所以貴。賤人之行，多伸縮無腰力，多偏倚無足筋力；夭人之行多軟弱氣衰，多輕浮，得一“輕”字，得一“浮”字；奔走之人不住趾，得一“忙”字，得一“急”字；狡人之行多過頭，頭下垂者先足後計算，狡毒之為；剛人之行多挺秀，拼死不懼，敢作敢為；商賈之行身重而足輕，爭圖利便之相；封君之行身重而足定，背厚臀圓有福之象；位小者行必搖手，力在股肱，急公奉上之象；位大者，行必身壯，氣藏胸背有威而又能自狀，多觀便識喻毫微。

Walking is a full-body movement, and a person's physical quality is revealed through it. A nobleman walks with his energy sinking downward, his strength concentrated between the heel and the sole of the foot, so his body remains steady and his steps are not disorderly. This is characterized by the word "heavy," hence his nobility. A lowly person walks with his body often stretching and contracting, and his waist lacks strength, often leaning to one side with weak feet. Those with short lifespans walk with weakness and a lack of energy, appearing light and floating, characterized by the words "light" and "floating." Those who run about and work hard have their toes constantly moving, characterized by the words "busy" and "hurried." A cunning person walks with his head always protruding ahead of his feet, his head hanging down, indicating that his feet move first while his mind calculates later, which is a deceitful manner. A strong and resolute person walks upright and graceful, fearless in the face of death, bold and decisive in action. A merchant walks with a heavy body and light feet, indicating a nature inclined to seek convenience. A person who has received a title of honor walks with a heavy body and steady feet, with a thick back and round buttocks, indicating a fortunate appearance. A person of low rank walks with his hands flapping, using his strength in his limbs, indicating a rush to attend to duties and serve his superiors. A person of high rank walks with a solid body, his energy hidden within his chest and back, possessing both dignity and self-restraint. By observing carefully, one can perceive the subtle differences.

飲食憑水星，水星為祿堂，飲食之司也。紅潤晚期，食祿必豐；黑小覆斜，衣食必薄；貴人飲食，易容受而吞嚥無聲；所謂龍飧虎食；賤人飲食多連泛溢，溢而咀嚼有響，所謂豬給飧狗食也；鼠食者、夭折貧寒；雀食者，飢餓凍餒也。

To determine a person's fortune in food and sustenance, one looks at the "Water Star," which corresponds to the mouth. The mouth is the hall of fortune, specifically governing food and drink. If the mouth appears red and plump, the person will certainly have a prosperous later life in terms of food and wealth. If the mouth is black, small, and crooked, the person will likely be poor and have little to eat. A nobleman eats calmly and quietly, swallowing without noise, which is called "dragon dining and tiger feasting." A lowly person eats messily, with food sticking and spilling, and makes loud noises while chewing, which is called "pig eating and dog feasting." If someone eats like a mouse, nibbling in small bits, it indicates a short and poor life. If someone eats like a sparrow, taking a bite and looking around, it indicates hunger and cold.

食能兼人，地閣朝腹有托，大福之人；地閣不朝腹又無托，丐食之人；有食必病，皆因唇薄口小之人，無安皆是唇紅齒白之輩；噎食者，因鬚團口，故主胃寒；餓死者，因口反元，又遭絞破；服毒皆由白氣人，絕食皆由黑氣侵；口放飯流皆是賤人，齧骨咬筋亦同其類。

A person whose appetite can feed two people, with the chin upturned and the lower abdomen supported, is destined for great fortune. If the chin is not upturned and the lower abdomen is unsupported, then the person is destined to beg for food. Those who get sick as soon as they eat are all people with thin lips and small mouths. Those who eat comfortably all their lives have red lips and white teeth. Those who suffer from choking are due to the beard surrounding the mouth, indicating a cold stomach. Those who die of starvation are because the corners of the mouth are inverted, losing the alignment with the forehead and nose, and also suffering from broken lines. Those who die from poisoning all have white gas entering the mouth. Those who die from starvation have black gas invading the mouth. Those who spill food while eating are all lowly people. Those who chew bones and tendons making noise are also of the same kind.

血痣者，由五臟六腑而生，本心田陰騭而發也。故人必以有血痣者為貴，而黑痣不與焉。血痣根心田，存心善者則生也；前有惡而後有善則生，前有善而後有惡則瘀；人能以善存心，血痣必起，起幹山體、冢墓、邱陵者主壽，而身得又得吉地；起于山鼻、鼻準者主貴；起於淚堂龍宮者，子孫顯；起於奸門魚尾者，妻妾賢；起於口旁者主祿，起於印堂者主貴，起於頂心者主成仙佛；起於手腕掌指者，主通神道；起於乳胸腹背臍陰者，主貴子榮身；於腋下者主通神遊，於足者主貴，起於目者主神視；血痣之生無位不佳，至於黑痣光於漆，藏於身者亦佳，而面部五官仍不宜有也。

"Blood spot" is a red mole caused by the qi of the five zang organs and six fu organs, and its origin lies in one's intentions and Yin Virtue. Therefore, in physiognomy, having a blood spot is considered auspicious, while black moles are not included in this category. The root of a blood spot lies in one's heart: only those with good intentions can have such a mole. Those who previously did evil but later turned to goodness will develop a blood spot; those who previously did good but later turned to evil will see their blood spot darken. As long as a person intends to do good, a blood spot will surely appear. A blood spot located on mountains, forests, tombs, hills, or ridges indicates longevity and the ability to be buried in a favorable grave after death. A blood spot on the mountain root or nose indicates high status. A blood spot on the tear hall or dragon palace (under the eye) indicates that descendants will achieve prominence. A blood spot on the奸门 (a facial area near the cheekbone) or fish tail (eye corner) indicates that the wife and concubines are virtuous. A blood spot on the mouth indicates good salary, on the forehead indicates high status, on the top of the head indicates the potential to become a sage or a Buddhist or Taoist master. A blood spot on the wrist, palm, or fingers indicates the ability to communicate with spirits. A blood spot on the breast, chest, abdomen, back, navel, or private parts indicates the birth of a noble child and personal honor. A blood spot on the armpit indicates the ability to travel spiritually, and one on the foot indicates high status. A blood spot in the eye indicates extraordinary vision. A blood spot anywhere is considered good. As for black moles, those that are bright like ink and hidden on the body are also considered good; however, those located on the facial features are not advisable.

言語關乎榮辱，輕則招尤，納則寡怨；泛言多露齒，狂言多口大；慎言多唇長，直言多齒齊；急言者多口薄，詐言者多齒小；好說便宜者，多口反；好說長短者，多口疏唇不蓋齒；當門齒大而齊，小狡不毒；當門齒小而斜，不謹不信；舌大口小，多言不了；舌小口大，言語急快；舌大多紋，言必合理；舌長者，言有根抵；舌短者，言無經濟；舌上黑暗，言無始終；有黑痣在舌主為言，舌內鮮紅者言必有中；語未出而舌先見，好語人非；語不已而頭下垂，心非口是；此乃相言語之大略也。

Speaking affects one's honor and disgrace throughout life: speaking hastily invites resentment, while speaking cautiously leads to fewer grievances. Those who often speak in general terms usually have prominent lips, while those who speak recklessly usually have large mouths. Those who speak cautiously usually have long upper lips, and those who speak straightforwardly usually have even teeth. Those who speak quickly usually have thin lips, and those who speak deceitfully usually have small teeth. Those who often take advantage of others' words usually have their corners of the mouth drooping downward; those who often talk about others' faults usually have wide mouths and lips that cannot cover their teeth. Those with large, even front teeth may have some cunning but not be malicious; those with small, crooked front teeth are neither cautious nor trustworthy. Those with large tongues and small mouths talk a lot; those with small tongues and large mouths speak quickly. Those with large tongues and many ridges on their tongues speak reasonably; those with long tongues speak with substance; those with short tongues speak incoherently. Those with dark-colored tongues speak without conclusion; those with black moles on their tongues tend to gossip about others. Those with bright red inner tongues speak to the point. Those who stretch their tongues out before speaking tend to criticize others' faults; those who talk nonstop with their heads lowered are insincere. This is the general observation of facial features related to speech.

凡人形貌清古，氣清性毒，言根至理，有山林之趣，此自修行中來。形貌古怪，舉止陰毒；言涉淫邪，有殺伐之心，此自精靈中來。形貌瀟灑，舉動風雅，性惠氣和，有修煉之心，此自神仙中來。形貌秀麗嚴肅，心性靈明，有虹霓之志，此自星辰中生。

Any person whose appearance is clear, strange, and ancient, with a refined spirit and a nature that is somewhat fierce, who speaks words that conform to ultimate truth and enjoys the wild charm of mountains and forests—such a person has been reborn after having practiced cultivation in a previous life. A person with an odd appearance, sinister behavior, and speech involving lewdness, with a mind full of violence and killing—such a person has been reborn from demons and spirits. A person whose appearance is graceful, whose actions are elegant, whose nature is compassionate, whose demeanor is peaceful, and who has the aspiration to cultivate—such a person has been reborn from among the immortals. A person whose appearance is beautiful but expression is serious, whose mind is clear and bright, and whose aspirations are lofty as the rainbow in the sky—such a person has been reborn from the stars.

形貌奇異，舉動急速，性慧氣則，言涉威福，祭祀之心，此自神祗中來。婦人生得過於肖麗，好色貪淫者，此是前世花妖託生，斷無根祗福厚之格，所以主多夭折不貞，俗云紅為薄命者此也。

His appearance is unusual, his movements quick and swift, his mind intelligent and his demeanor disciplined. He speaks with authority and kindness, and often thinks of worshipping and honoring the gods. Such a person is reborn from among the divine beings. A woman who is excessively beautiful and lustful is likely a flower demon reborn, and she certainly lacks a solid foundation and long-lasting blessings, so she tends to die young and be unfaithful. As the saying goes, "Beautiful women have short lives," referring precisely to this kind of person.

形體魁梧面有麻，眉清目秀更堪誇，再兼五嶽相朝拱，豈是尋常俗子家。目有神光麻有氣，兩眉不斷多奇異，若還破印並鎖口，難許崢嶸成大器。麻肥忌暗滯，宜明紫為氣精實；氣固麻色麗，氣散麻鋪陳間斷，方是貴氣麻也。

The person has a robust body shape and a face with freckles; if his eyebrows and eyes are also clear and handsome, it is even more commendable. If the five mountains (forehead, both cheekbones, nose, and chin) are in mutual support, then he is not an ordinary person. His eyes have a bright spirit, and the freckles also carry vitality. If his eyebrows are continuous and unbroken, it is often a sign of an extraordinary appearance. However, if the freckles break through the forehead and lock the corners of the mouth, it is difficult to expect him to achieve great success. Freckles that are full and plump should avoid being dark and stagnant; they should be bright and clear with a purple tinge, which indicates abundant energy and solid essence. When the energy is concentrated, the freckles are bright and vivid; when the energy disperses, the freckles spread out and become broken. Being able to distinguish this level indicates an understanding of what constitutes noble aura in freckles.

何知真人忠貫日？五嶽相朝微露骨，眼神殺重氣逆生，膽大輕生牙黑實。何知此人孝動天？眉清起伏又疏尖，髮軟須輕神軒爽，唇紅齒白面皮寬。何知此人廉而潔？鼻竅微收眼不劫，陰鴛堂光印頗低，四瀆歸源水不洩。何知此人節且貞？牙長齊大又堅拼，五嶽骨清俱有氣，神光不露定而清。

How do you know that a person is loyal and his virtue reaches the heavens? The five mountains are mutually supporting, and his bones show a subtle strength. His eyes display a heavy killing spirit, and a stubborn spirit rises against the trend. His courage is great enough to sacrifice his life, and his teeth are dark in color and solid in texture. How do you know that a person's filial piety can move heaven? His eyebrows are clear and have ups and downs, with a sharp tip visible. His hair is soft, his beard is fine, his spirit is open and easy. His lips are red, his teeth are white, and his face is broad and gentle. How do you know that a person is clean and upright? His nostrils are slightly inward, not outwardly greedy. There is no greedy look in his eyes. The area below his eyes (the yin zhi tang) is smooth and lustrous, and the imprint area is slightly low. The four rivers (the ears, eyes, mouth, and nose) all converge and are contained, and the water qi does not leak out. How do you know that a person has integrity and is chaste? His teeth are long, neat, wide, and firm. The five mountains' bone structure is clear and lofty, with qi everywhere. His spirit light is hidden and not revealed, calm and clear.

何知此人必大富？金木貼弓戊己豐，六府隆聳五嶽朝，眼垂背厚聲洪鐘。何知此人必大貴？虎頭燕額伏犀鼻，眼睛黑漆口容拳，手長背厚腰直是。何知此人必大福？五嶽朝元腰背伏，鬚髮清疏眼殺強，行動瑞莊大聚足。腰圓背厚，腹垂有托，下須有索，是大福相。何知此人必大壽？頭骨崢嶸腰直透，耳毛頸條一齊生，足定神清頂骨奏。人之壽相要揣其眼神，眼神強者必大壽，病重者亦要眼神，神不衰不死也。

How do you know that a person is certainly very wealthy? His ears (Jin Xing and Mu Xing) are close to his head, forming an arch shape; his nose (Wu Ji Tu) is thick and full. His six organs (the areas of the forehead, cheekbones, and jawbones) are prominent, and the five mountains converge towards the center. His eyelids are slightly drooping and reserved, his back is thick and solid, and his voice is loud and resonant like a bell. How do you know that a person is certainly of great status? His head is like a tiger's head, his forehead is like a swallow's forehead, and his nose bridge is straight and extends downward like a rhinoceros. His eyes are black as ink dots, his mouth is large enough to hold a fist; his hands are long, his back is thick, and his waist is straight. How do you know that a person is certainly very fortunate? The five mountains converge towards the center, his waist and back are thick and stable; his beard and hair are clear and sparse, and his eyes have strong vitality; his movements are dignified and steady, and his aura is gathered and not scattered. A round waist, thick back, and a hanging lower abdomen with a supporting base, and the beard on his chin is thick and in neat rows—this is the appearance of great fortune. How do you know that a person is certainly long-lived? His skull is high and prominent, his waist is straight and connected; there are fine hairs in his ears and stripes on his neck. His steps are stable, his spirit is clear and bright, and his crown bone is prominent. To judge a person's longevity, the key is to observe his eyes: those with strong eyes are certainly long-lived. Even for a person who is seriously ill, you should look at his eyes; if his spirit does not decline, he will not die.

何知此人必登仙？山林骨起鼻準巔，兩眼碧光如寶鏡，婆心一片目無為。何知此仙集凡塵？方瞳闊額貌無愁，手上希紋頭骨聳，神氣清灑色黃明。何知此人必作佛？兩眉八字如薩薩，頭骨豐圓眼又慈，寒中若帶羅漢殺。何知此人必作鬼？滿面暗黑如燥屎，陰騭無光險事多，定作餓鬼地獄無。何知此人必為神？陰騭常光頭頂豐，腰直胸平背不折，定為剛氣喪天中。

How can one know that a person can become an immortal? His bones rise up in the mountains, his nose is high and rises like the peak of a mountain; his two eyes shine with green light, clear and bright like a precious mirror; he has a heart full of compassion, and there is no cunning or deceit in his eyes. How can one know that this immortal has fallen into the world of mortals? His pupils are square and upright, his forehead is broad and open, and there is no trace of worry on his face; his palm lines are few, his head bones are high; his spirit is clear, free and easy, and his complexion is yellow and bright. How can one know that a person can become a Buddha? His two eyebrows are spread out like the character "eight" and resemble a Bodhisattva; his head bones are full and round, his eyes are kind; in the midst of coldness, there is a bit of the majesty of a Arhat. How can one know that a person will become a ghost? His face is dark and black like dry dung; his forehead has no luster, and he has done many evil deeds—certainly he will fall into the realm of hungry ghosts or hell, with nothing left. How can one know that a person after death will become a god? His forehead often has a smooth and bright light, his head is full and prominent; his waist is straight, his chest is flat, his back is not bent—this is the gathering of righteous energy in the heavens, certainly he will become a god.

何知此人色中喪？柳葉眉弓眼又暗，夾色傷寒眼下烏，婦人色眼雀斑甚。何知此人酒中傷？鵝鴨位上有黑暗，面上通紅酒過傷，準頭紅白筋當禁。何知此人貪而鄙？眉眼口鼻促聚是，錙銖必計斗筲如，富貴中人亦可鄙。何知此人多招氣？頸上骨粗暴戾至，眼突睛紅眉骨高，好報不平兼自恃。

How do you know that a person died from indulgence in women? His eyebrows are like willow leaves and curved like a bow; his eyes are dim. Those suffering from a disease caused by excessive indulgence in women will have dark shadows beneath their eyes. How do you know that a person was injured by alcohol? There is a dark aura at the area of the cheeks corresponding to ge and ya; a flushed face indicates excessive drinking. If there are red and white veins on the nose, one should especially avoid alcohol. How do you know that a person is greedy and stingy? His eyebrows, eyes, mouth, and nose are all cramped together. He is meticulous about every fraction, his capacity is as small as a dou or shao. Even among the wealthy, such a person is equally contemptible. How do you know that a person often incurs disputes and troubles? His neck bones are thick and prominent, with a fierce and cruel aura. His eyes are protruding and red, his eyebrows are high. He likes to take sides and is self-reliant in his abilities.

何知此人壽如松？腰直背豐頂骨隆，神清氣爽眉毛豔，耳毛頸條一齊同。何知此人命必夭？唇翹齒露眼昏小，眉毛重濁額多筋，耳暗眼浮行動跳。何知此人一生窮？背削肩尖不盡然，雨中雞形若相似，肉背尸行定乞兒。何知此人運必通？神強色旺五官豐．海口河目鼻準配，行動端莊福祿從。

How do you know that a person will live a long life? His waist is straight, his back is thick and strong, and his head bone is prominent. His spirit is clear and bright, his eyebrows are moist and lustrous. There are fine hairs growing in his ears, and there are lines on his neck. If all these signs are present, then he will live a long life. How do you know that a person is destined for a short life? His lips are upturned, his teeth are exposed, his eyes are dim and small. His eyebrows are heavy and dull, and there are many blue veins on his forehead. His ears are dark and dull, his eyes are restless, and he walks with a hopping gait. How do you know that a person will be poor all his life? His back is thin, his shoulders are narrow and sharp. This alone is not enough to determine it. If he also looks like a chicken that has been rained on, hunched over, with fat piled on his back, and walks like a corpse, then he is certainly a beggar. How do you know that a person will have good fortune? His spirit is strong, his complexion is vigorous, and his face is full. His mouth is wide like the sea, his eyes are long like a river, and they match well with his nose. His movements are dignified, and naturally, his blessings and honors will come to him.

何知此人得賢妻？鼻樑豐起山根齊，天倉滿起顴平聳，唇紅齒白定相攜。何知此人得大財？地閣朝元倉庫豐，兩竅不露顴準配，雙眉蓋目眼長縫。何知此人必多子？人中深弓龍宮滿，兩乳多珠臍深攔，額上無紋天倉胖。何知此人必食祿？口大唇紅齒又密，顴起準貫背又豐，城廓分清兩頤拂。

How can one know that a person will marry a virtuous wife? The bridge of the nose is full and rounded, the mountain root is level and unbroken; the Heavenly Granary is full, the cheekbones are level and slightly raised; the lips are red and the teeth are white—such a person will surely be accompanied by a wife for life. How can one know that a person will gain great wealth? The chin is upward-curving and embracing, with both sides of the face full and ample; the nostrils are not exposed, the cheekbones and the tip of the nose are in harmony; the eyebrows are long enough to cover the eyes, and the eyes are long with narrow eye fissures. How can one know that a person will have many children? The philtrum is deep and curved like a bow, and the Dragon Palace (the area below the eyes) is full; the breasts are full and round, the navel is deep and has a clear boundary; there are no evil lines on the forehead, and the Heavenly Granary is abundant. How can one know that a person will surely receive a salary? The mouth is large, the lips are red, and the teeth are fine and dense; the cheekbones are prominent, the tip of the nose is strong and projecting, and the back is thick and solid; the facial features are clearly defined with distinct contours, and the cheeks are full and embrace forward.

何知此人老無妻？眉顴骨殺聲又嘶，喜怒不常眼帶淚，臥蠶魚尾暗無歸。何知此人老無夫？雙顴橫面聲又粗，地閣尖削性情戾，鼻樑露骨氣嘈嘈。何知此人幼無父？髮重骨重筋額沖，翹唇反耳鼻露節，髮尖沖印眉迭重。何知此人老無子？滿面光浮滿面燥，淚堂浮腫或暗沖，地閣不朝又尖臀。

How do you know a man will be childless in old age? His brow bone and cheekbone show a harsh and aggressive look, his voice is hoarse; he is easily angered and often has tears in his eyes; the area under his eyes and the corners of his eyes are dark, and his marriage area has no support. How do you know a woman will be childless in old age? Her cheeks are wide and her face is coarse, her voice is rough; her chin is sharp and narrow, her nature is erratic; her nose bridge is exposed and she speaks with complaints and grievances. How do you know a person lost his father in childhood? His hair is thick, his bones are heavy, and his blue veins rise to his forehead; his lips are upturned, his earlobe is turned outward, and there is a bump on his nose bridge; his hair tips point directly to his forehead, and his eyebrows are thick and overlapping. How do you know a person will be childless in old age? His face has a floating light, and he has a dry and hot appearance; the area around his eyes is swollen, or he is affected by hidden bad energy; his chin does not curve upward to embrace his face, and his buttocks are sharp and lack flesh.

何知此人大奸雄？眼神不定語輕圓，坐弓立弓不安穩，兩顴起稜鼻似刀。何知此人頑不靈？眉重壓目面骨粗，髮際低弓耳又暗，神昏疏懶氣模糊。何知此人能憤激？眼殺神強抑不得，顴骨高生鼻又高，仁義輕生氣霹靂。

How do you know that a person is a great villain? His eyes wander uncertainly, his speech is smooth and evasive; when sitting he bends his waist, when standing he arches his back, always appearing uneasy; his cheekbones are prominent, and his nose is sharp and narrow like a knife. How do you know that a person is stubborn and lacks insight? His eyebrows are thick and heavy, pressing down on his eyes; his facial bones are rough; his hairline is low, forming an arch; his ears are dark; his spirit is dull and heavy, his demeanor lazy and indifferent, his appearance vague and unclear. How do you know that a person is capable of being generous and passionate? His eyes carry a fierce look, his spirit is strong and vigorous, unable to be restrained; his cheekbones are high, his nose is also high; for righteousness and justice he is willing to give his life, and when he becomes angry, it is like thunder.