Yue Ji (Record of Music)
大夫有私喪之葛，則於其兄弟之輕喪則弁絰。
When a grandee has a private mourning in which he has changed to kudzu, then for the lighter mourning of his brother he wears the bian cap with the sash.
為長子杖，則其子不以杖即位。
When a staff is used for an eldest son, his son takes his place without a staff.
為妻，父母在，不杖不稽顙。母在，不稽顙。稽顙者，其贈也拜。
For a wife, if the parents are alive, one does not use a staff and does not bow with forehead to the ground. If the mother is alive, one does not bow with forehead to the ground. Bowing with forehead to the ground is the bow for gifts presented.
違諸侯，之大夫，不反服。違大夫，之諸侯，不反服。
Leaving a feudal lord and going to a grandee, one does not reverse and wear mourning. Leaving a grandee and going to a feudal lord, one does not reverse and wear mourning.
喪冠條屬，以別吉凶。三年之練冠，亦條屬右縫。小功以下，左，緦冠繰纓。
The cords of the mourning cap are joined, to distinguish the auspicious from the inauspicious. The three-year silk cap also has joined cords, stitched on the right. For small mourning and below, on the left. The finest mourning cap uses a light crimson cap string.
大功以上散帶。
For great mourning and above, the belt is unfastened.
朝服十五升去其半而緦，加灰錫也。
Court dress of fifteen sheng cloth with half removed is the finest mourning cloth, and with ash added it is the tin mourning cloth.
諸侯相襚，以後路與冕服，先路與褒衣不以襚。
When feudal lords send each other burial garments, they use the rear carriage and the ceremonial robe with cap. The foremost carriage and the baoyi are not used as burial garments.
遣車視牢具，疏布輤，四面有章，置於四隅。
The funerary carriages follow the pattern of the sacrificial animals; coarse cloth makes the curtains of the coffin carriage, with patterns on all four sides, placed at the four corners.
載粻，有子曰：“非禮也。喪奠，脯醢而已。”
As for carrying provisions on the carriage, Master You said: "It is not ritual. Funeral offerings are only dried meat and pickled meat."
祭稱孝子孝孫，喪稱哀子哀孫。
In sacrifice one is called filial son or filial grandson; in funerals one is called grieving son or grieving grandson.
端衰，喪車，皆無等。
The upright mourning dress and the mourning carriage both have no grades.
大白冠，緇布之冠，皆不蕤。委武玄縞而後蕤。
The great white cap and the black cloth cap both have no tassels. The weimao, the wu, the xuan, and the plain silk cap then have tassels.
大夫冕而祭於公，弁而祭於己。士弁而祭於公，冠而祭於己。士弁而親迎，然則士弁而祭於己可也。
A grandee wears the mian cap when sacrificing at the duke's place and wears the bian cap when sacrificing at his own. An officer wears the bian cap when sacrificing at the duke's place and wears the ordinary cap when sacrificing at his own. An officer wears the bian cap to welcome his bride in person; in this case it is also acceptable for an officer to wear the bian cap when sacrificing at his own place.
暢，臼以椈，杵以梧，枇以桑。長三尺，或曰五尺。畢用桑，長三尺，刊其柄與末。
For the fragrant yu herb, the mortar is made of cypress, the pestle of paulownia, and the spoon of mulberry. Its length is three feet, some say five feet. The bi is made of mulberry, three feet long, with the handle and tip whittled.
率帶，諸侯大夫皆五采，士二採。
For the sash cords, feudal lords and grandees all use five colors, and officers use two colors.
醴者，稻醴也，甕甒筲衡實見間，而後折入。
The sweet wine is rice wine. Jars, earthen bottles, bamboo vessels, and crossbars are filled in among the spirit articles, and then they are folded in.
重既虞而埋之。
The temporary spirit tablet is buried after the ceasing-of-weeping sacrifice has already been done.
凡婦人，從其夫之爵位。
In all cases, women follow the rank of their husbands.
小斂大斂啟，皆辯拜。
At the small shrouding, the great shrouding, and the opening of the coffin, one bows to everyone.
朝夕哭不帷，無柩者不帷。
At the morning and evening weeping, no curtain is set up. If there is no coffin, no curtain is set up.
君若載而後吊之，則主人東面而拜，門右北面而踴，出待，反而後奠。
If the ruler comes to offer condolences after the coffin has already been loaded, the host faces east and bows, stamps his feet to the right of the gate facing north, goes out to wait, and offers a sacrifice after he returns.
子羔之襲也，繭衣裳與稅衣纁袡為一，素端一，皮弁一，爵弁一，玄冕一。曾子曰：“不襲婦服。”
For Zigao's dressing, a set of silk-wadded garment and lower garment with a light crimson trimmed shuiyi, a set of plain upright robe, a set of skin cap robe, a set of jue cap robe, and a set of black ceremonial robe were used. Master Zeng said: "Do not dress in a woman's garment."
為君使而死，公館復，私館不復。公館者，公宮與公所為也。私館者，自卿大夫以下之家也。
One who dies while on a mission for the ruler has his soul called back at the public lodging, and not at a private lodging. A public lodging is the ducal palace and what the duke built. A private lodging is the house of a minister or grandee and below.
公七踴，大夫五踴，婦人居間，士三踴，婦人皆居間。
The duke stamps his feet seven times, grandees stamp five times with the women among them; officers stamp three times, with the women all in the middle.
公襲捲衣一，玄端一，朝服一，素積一，纁裳一，爵弁二，玄冕一，褒衣一，朱綠帶，申加大帶於上。
The duke's dressing: a set of dragon robe, a set of upright black robe, a set of court dress, a set of plain-skirted garment, a set of light crimson lower garment, two sets of jue cap robes, a set of black ceremonial robe, and a set of baoyi, with a red and green sash, and the great belt added on top.
小斂，環絰，公大夫士一也。
At the small shrouding, the ring-shaped mourning sash is the same for dukes, grandees, and officers.
公視大斂，公升商祝鋪席乃斂。
When the duke comes to see the great shrouding, the duke ascends the hall, and the Shang invocator lays out the mats before the shrouding.
魯人之贈也，三玄二纁，廣尺，長終幅。
The gift of the people of Lu was three black and two light crimson pieces, one foot wide, and a full length of a bolt.
吊者即位於門西，東面，其介在其東南。北面西上，西於門，主孤西面，相者受命曰：“孤某使某請事。”客曰：“寡君使某，如何不淑？”相者入告，出曰：“孤某須矣！”吊者入，主人升堂西面，吊者升自西階，東面致命曰：“寡君聞君之喪，寡君使某，如何不淑？”子拜稽顙，吊者降反位。
The one offering condolences takes his place west of the gate, facing east, with his deputy to his southeast. Facing north, west is the senior side, at the west of the gate. The chief mourner, the orphan, faces west. The assistant receives the message: "The orphan so-and-so has sent me to ask about matters." The guest says: "My ruler has sent me, so-and-so; how unfortunate this is!" The assistant enters and reports, and comes out and says: "The orphan so-and-so awaits you!" The one offering condolences enters. The host ascends the hall facing west. The one offering condolences ascends from the western steps, faces east, and delivers the message: "My ruler has heard of the ruler's death; my ruler has sent me, so-and-so; how unfortunate this is!" The son bows with forehead to the ground. The one offering condolences descends and returns to his place.
含者執璧，將命曰：“寡君使某含。”相者入告，出曰：“孤某須矣！”含者入，升堂致命，再拜稽顙，含者坐委於殯東南，有葦蓆。既葬，蒲席，降出反位。宰夫朝服即喪屨，升自西階，西面坐取璧，降自西階以東。襚者曰：“寡君使某襚。”相者入告，出曰：“孤某須矣！”襚者執冕服，左執領，右執要，入，升堂致命曰：“寡君使某襚。”子拜稽顙，委衣於殯東，襚者降，受爵弁服於門內溜。將命，子拜稽顙如初，受皮弁服於中庭，自西階受朝服，自堂受玄端。將命，子拜稽顙皆如初，襚者降出反位。宰夫五人，舉以東，降自西階，其舉亦西面，上介賵，執圭將命曰：“寡君使某賵。”相者入告，反命曰：“孤某須矣！”陳乘黃大路於中庭，北輈，執圭將命。客使自下由路西，子拜稽顙，坐委於殯東南隅，宰舉以東，凡將命，鄉殯將命。子拜稽顙，西面而坐委之，宰舉璧與圭，宰夫舉襚，升自西階，西面坐取之，降自西階，賵者出，反位於門外。
The one putting jade in the mouth holds the jade disk and delivers the message: "My ruler has sent me, so-and-so, to place jade in the mouth." The assistant enters and reports, and comes out and says: "The orphan so-and-so awaits you!" The one putting jade enters, ascends the hall, and delivers the message. The son bows twice with forehead to the ground. The one putting jade kneels and places the disk southeast of the coffin, on a reed mat. If the burial has already taken place, a rush mat is used. He descends, goes out, and returns to his place. The steward, in court dress and wearing mourning shoes, ascends from the western steps, kneels facing west and takes the disk, and descends from the western steps toward the east. The one presenting burial garments says: "My ruler has sent me, so-and-so, to present burial garments." The assistant enters and reports, and comes out and says: "The orphan so-and-so awaits you!" The one presenting garments holds the ceremonial robe, with the left hand at the collar and the right at the waist, enters, ascends the hall, and delivers the message: "My ruler has sent me, so-and-so, to present burial garments." The son bows with forehead to the ground. He places the garment east of the coffin. The presenter descends, and at the eaves inside the gate receives the jue cap robe. He delivers the message, and the son bows with forehead to the ground as at the beginning. In the middle of the courtyard he receives the skin cap robe, at the western steps the court dress, and from the hall the black upright robe. He delivers the message, and the son bows with forehead to the ground, all as at the beginning. The presenter descends, goes out, and returns to his place. Five stewards lift the garments toward the east and descend from the western steps, and as they lift them they also face west. The senior deputy presents funeral gifts, holding the jade tablet and delivering the message: "My ruler has sent me, so-and-so, to present funeral gifts." The assistant enters and reports, and reports back: "The orphan so-and-so awaits you!" Four yellow horses and the great carriage are arrayed in the courtyard, with the shafts pointing north. He holds the tablet and delivers the message. The guest's messenger passes from below, west of the carriage. The son bows with forehead to the ground, and kneels and places it at the southeast corner of the coffin. The steward lifts it toward the east. In all delivering of messages, one delivers toward the coffin. The son bows with forehead to the ground, kneels facing west and sets it down. The steward lifts the disk and tablet, and the stewards lift the burial garments, ascend from the western steps, kneel facing west and take them, and descend from the western steps. The one presenting funeral gifts goes out and returns to his place outside the gate.
上客臨曰：“寡君有宗廟之事，不得承事，使一介老某相執綍。”相者反命曰：“孤某須
The chief guest comes to the mourning and weeps, and says: "My ruler has a matter at the ancestral temple and cannot attend; he has sent an old minister, so-and-so, to help hold the funeral rope." The assistant reports back: "The orphan so-and-so awaits
矣！”臨者入門右，介者皆從之，立於其左。東上，宗人納賓，升，受命於君，降曰：“孤敢辭吾子之辱，請吾子之復位。”客對曰：“寡君命某，毋敢視賓客，敢辭。”宗人反命曰：“孤敢固辭，吾子之辱，請吾子之復位。”客對曰：“寡君命某，毋敢視賓客，敢固辭。”宗人反命曰：“孤敢固辭，吾子之辱，請吾子之復位。”客對曰：“寡君命使臣某，毋敢視賓客，是以敢固辭。固辭不獲命，敢不敬從。”客立於門西，介立於其左，東上，孤降自阼階拜之，升哭，與客拾踴三。客出，送於門外，拜稽顙。
you!" The one coming to the mourning enters the gate on the right, the deputies all follow him and stand on his left, with east as the senior side. The clan officer receives the guest, ascends the hall, receives the order from the ruler, descends, and says: "The orphan ventures to decline your condescension; please return to your place." The guest replies: "My ruler commanded me, so-and-so, and I dare not regard myself as a guest, so I dare decline." The clan officer reports back: "The orphan ventures to decline your condescension a second time; please return to your place." The guest replies: "My ruler commanded me, so-and-so, and I dare not regard myself as a guest, so I dare decline a second time." The clan officer reports back: "The orphan ventures to decline your condescension a third time; please return to your place." The guest replies: "My ruler commanded his envoy so-and-so, and I dare not regard myself as a guest, and so I dared decline a second time. Having declined a second time without being allowed, how dare I not respectfully comply." The guest stands west of the gate, with the deputies standing on his left, east being senior. The orphan descends from the eastern steps and bows to him, ascends the hall and weeps, and with the guest alternately stamps three times. When the guest goes out, he is seen off outside the gate, and the orphan bows with forehead to the ground.
其國有君喪，不敢受吊。
If his own state has a mourning for the ruler, he does not dare receive condolences.
外宗房中南面，小臣鋪席，商祝鋪絞紟衾，士盥於盤北，舉遷屍於斂上。卒斂，宰告，子馮之踴，夫人東面坐馮之，興踴。
The outer clan women face south in the side room. The junior attendant lays out the mats, and the Shang invocator lays out the bindings, single quilt, and covering quilt. The officers wash their hands north of the basin, and lift and move the corpse onto the shrouding. When the shrouding is done, the steward reports. The sons lean on the body and stamp their feet, and the lady faces east, kneels and leans on it, then rises and stamps her feet.
士喪有與天子同者三，其終夜燎，及乘人，專道而行。
The funeral of an officer has three things in common with the Son of Heaven's: the torches burning through the whole night, being pulled by people, and exclusive use of the road.
有父之喪，如未沒喪而母死，其除父之喪也，服其除服，卒事，反喪服。
If there is mourning for the father, and before the mourning has ended the mother dies, then one removes the father's mourning, wears the dress of the removed mourning, and when the matter is finished, returns to the mourning dress.
雖諸父昆弟之喪，如當父母之喪，其除諸父昆弟之喪也，皆服其除服之服，卒事，反喪服。如三年之喪，則既顈其練祥皆行，王父死，未練祥而孫又死，猶是附於王父也。
Even for the mourning of one's father's brothers, if it falls during the mourning of parents, then one removes the mourning of the father's brothers, all wearing the dress of the removed mourning, and when the matter is finished, returns to the mourning dress. If it is a three-year mourning and he has already changed to kudzu, then both the one-year and the two-year sacrifices are performed. If the grandfather dies, and before the one-year and two-year sacrifices the grandson dies too, he is still joined to the grandfather in this way.
有殯，聞外喪，哭之他室。入奠，卒奠出，改服即位，如始即位之禮。
When there is a coffin in the house and one hears of mourning from outside, one goes to another room to weep. One enters to make the offering, and when the offering is done, goes out, changes clothes and takes one's place, as in the ritual of first taking one's place.
大夫士將與祭於公，既視濯而父母死，則猶是與祭也。次於異宮，既祭，釋服出公門外，哭而歸其它如奔喪之禮。如未視濯，則使人告，告者反而後哭。如諸父昆弟姑姊妹之喪，則既宿則與祭，卒事，出公門，釋服而後歸，其它如奔喪之禮。如同宮，則次於異宮。
When a grandee or officer is about to take part in the duke's sacrifice, and has already inspected and purified, and then his parent dies, he still takes part in the sacrifice in this way. He lives in another dwelling. When the sacrifice is done, he takes off the sacrificial dress, goes out beyond the duke's gate, and returns weeping. The rest is like the ritual of rushing to a mourning. If he has not yet inspected and purified, he sends someone to report, and weeps after the one who reported returns. If it is the mourning of his father's brothers or of his aunts and sisters, then once he has received the notice of fasting he takes part in the sacrifice, and when it is finished, he goes out the duke's gate, takes off the dress, and then returns. The rest is like the ritual of rushing to a mourning. If they live in the same dwelling, he lives in another dwelling.
曾子問曰：“卿大夫將為屍於公，受宿矣，而有齊衰內喪，則如之何？”孔子曰：“出舍乎公宮以待事，禮也。”孔子曰：“屍弁冕而出，卿大夫士皆下之，屍必式，必有前驅。”
Master Zeng asked: "When a minister or grandee is to serve as the impersonator of the dead for the duke, and has already received the notice of fasting, and then there is an inner mourning of the second grade of mourning, what should be done?" Confucius said: "He goes out and lives in the ducal palace to await the matter; this is ritual." Confucius said: "When the impersonator comes out wearing the bian cap, ministers, grandees, and officers all get down from their carriages; the impersonator must lean on the crossbar and must have outriders in front."
父母之喪，將祭，而昆弟死，既殯而祭，如同宮。則雖臣妾，葬而後祭。祭主人之升降散等，執事者亦散等，雖虞附亦然。
In a mourning for parents, when a sacrifice is about to be held and a brother dies, one holds the sacrifice only after the coffin has been laid. If they live in the same dwelling, then even if it is a servant or concubine, one holds the sacrifice after the burial. At the sacrifice, the host's ascending and descending uses the minor steps, and so does the one who handles affairs. This is so even for the ceasing-of-weeping sacrifice and the joining sacrifice.
自諸侯達諸士，小祥之祭，主人之酢也，嚌之，眾賓兄弟，則皆啐之。大祥，主人啐之，眾賓兄弟皆飲之可也。
From feudal lords through to officers, in the sacrifice of the first anniversary, the host's return toast is only tasted. The many guests and brothers all sip once. At the second anniversary sacrifice, the host sips once, and it is acceptable for the many guests and brothers to drink it all.
凡侍祭喪者，告賓祭薦而不食。
In all cases of attending a mourning sacrifice, one tells the guests to offer the offerings but not to eat.
子貢問喪，子曰：“敬為上，哀次之，瘠為下。顏色稱其情，戚容稱其服。”“請問兄弟之喪？”子曰：“兄弟之喪則存乎書策矣。”
Zigong asked about mourning. Confucius said: "Reverence is highest, grief is next, and emaciation is lowest. The color of the face should match one's feelings, and the sorrowful appearance should match one's dress." "May I ask about the mourning of brothers?" Confucius said: "The mourning of brothers is preserved in the written records."
君子不奪人之喪，亦不可奪喪也。
A gentleman does not take away another's mourning, and he also must not let his mourning be taken away.
孔子曰：“少連、大連，善居喪，三日不怠，三月不解，期悲哀，三年憂，東夷之子也。”
Confucius said: "Shaolian and Dalian were good at observing mourning: for three days they were not lazy, for three months they did not relax, for a year they grieved, and for three years they sorrowed; they were men of the Eastern Yi."
三年之喪，言而不語，對而不問。廬堊室之中，不與人坐焉。在堊室之中，非時見乎母也，不入門。疏衰皆居堊室，不廬，廬嚴者也。
In a three-year mourning, one speaks but does not discuss, and answers but does not ask. In the mourning hut and the plastered room, one does not sit with others. In the plastered room, unless going at the proper time to see one's mother, one does not enter the gate. Those in the lesser mourning all live in the plastered room and not in the mourning hut. The mourning hut is the more severe.
妻視叔父母，姑姊妹視兄弟，長中下殤視成人。
For a wife, follow the pattern for father's younger brother and his wife; for aunts and sisters follow the pattern for brothers; for those who died young at the upper, middle, and lower ages, follow the pattern for adults.
親喪外除，兄弟之喪內除。
The mourning for kin is removed from the outside in, and the mourning for brothers is removed from the inside out.
視君之母與妻，比之兄弟，發諸顏色者，亦不飲食也。
In treating the ruler's mother and wife, follow the pattern for brothers. If grief shows in the face, one also does not eat or drink.
免喪之外，行於道路，見似目瞿，聞名心瞿，吊死而問疾，顏色戚容，必有以異於人也。如此而後可以服三年之喪，其餘則直道而行之是也。
Outside the removal of mourning, walking along the road, if one sees eyes that are similar one is startled, and on hearing the name one's heart is startled. In offering condolences and asking about illness, the color of the face and the sorrowful appearance must surely differ from other people's. Only after being like this can one wear the three-year mourning. For the rest, simply act according to what is straightforward.
祥，主人之除也，於夕為期，朝服，祥因其故服。
The one-year-and-more sacrifice is the host's removal of mourning. On the previous evening, one sets the date and puts on court dress. At the sacrifice one keeps wearing the original dress.
子游曰：“既祥，雖不當縞者必縞，然後反服。”
Ziyou said: "After the sacrifice, even those not supposed to wear plain silk surely wear plain silk, and then return to the mourning dress."
當袒，大夫至，雖當踴，絕踴而拜之，反改成踴，乃襲。於士，既事成踴，襲而後拜之，不改成踴。
If one is at the point of baring the shoulder and a grandee arrives, even if one is at the point of stamping the feet, one stops stamping and bows to him, then returns to complete the stamping anew, and only then covers the shoulder. For an officer, if the matter has been finished and the stamping completed, one covers the shoulder and then bows to him, and does not complete the stamping anew.
上大夫之虞也少牢，卒哭成事附皆大牢。下大夫之虞也犆牲，卒哭成事附皆少牢。
For an upper grandee, the ceasing-of-weeping sacrifice uses a lesser offering, and the completion sacrifice and joining sacrifice all use the great offering. For a lower grandee, the ceasing-of-weeping sacrifice uses one animal, and the completion sacrifice and joining sacrifice all use the lesser offering.
祝稱卜葬虞，子孫曰哀，夫曰乃，兄弟曰某，卜葬其兄弟曰伯子某。
The invocator, in announcing the divination for burial and the ceasing-of-weeping sacrifice, calls a descendant 'the grieving one,' calls a husband 'the one who is,' and calls a brother 'so-and-so.' When divining the burial of his brother, he is called 'Boyi so-and-so.'
古者貴賤皆杖。叔孫武叔朝，見輪人以其杖關轂而輠輪者，於是有爵而後杖也。
In ancient times both noble and humble used staffs. Shusun Wushu, attending court, saw a wheelwright using his staff through the hub to turn a wheel, and so only those with rank thereafter used staffs.
鑿巾以飯，公羊賈為之也。
Boring a hole in a cloth to put rice in the mouth was done by Gongyang Jia.
冒者何也？所以揜形也，自襲以至小斂，不設冒則形，是以襲而後設冒也。
What is the mao? It is used to cover and conceal the body. From the dressing until the small shrouding, if the mao is not set, the body would be exposed, so after the dressing the mao is placed.