Duke Xuan

（經五十二）辛未，季孫行父卒。

(Classic) On the xinwei day, Jisun Xingfu died.

春，王三月壬午，杞伯姑容卒。

In spring, on the renwu day of the third month of the Zhou calendar, Gurong, Earl of Qi, died.

（經六二）夏，宋華弱來奔。

(Classic) In summer, Hua Ruo of Song came seeking refuge.

（經六三）秋，葬杞桓公。

(Classic) In autumn, Duke Huan of Qi was buried.

（經六四）滕子來朝。

(Classic) The Viscount of Teng came to court.

（經六五）莒人滅鄫。

(Classic) The men of Ju destroyed Zeng.

（經六六）冬，叔孫豹如邾婁。

(Classic) In winter, Shusun Bao went to Zhulou.

（經六七）季孫宿如晉。

(Classic) Jisun Su went to Jin.

（經六八）十有二月，齊侯滅萊。

(Classic) In the twelfth month, the Marquis of Qi destroyed Lai.

（傳）曷為不言萊君出奔？國滅，君死之，正也。

(Commentary) Why is it not written that the ruler of Lai fled? When a state is destroyed and its ruler dies for it, that is the proper way.

春，郯子來朝。

In spring, the Viscount of Tan came to court.

（經七二）夏，四月，三卜郊，不從，乃免牲。

(Classic) In summer, in the fourth month, divination was made three times about the suburban sacrifice and none was favorable, so the sacrificial animal was released.

（經七三）小邾婁子來朝。

(Classic) The Viscount of Little Zhulou came to court.

（經七四）城費。

(Classic) Fei was fortified.

（經七五）秋，季孫宿如衛。

(Classic) In autumn, Jisun Su went to Wei.

（經七六）八月，螽。

(Classic) In the eighth month, locusts caused a plague.

（經七七）冬，十月，衛侯使孫林父來聘。

(Classic) In winter, in the tenth month, the Marquis of Wei sent Sun Linfu on a visit.

（經七八）壬戌，及孫林父盟。

(Classic) On the renxu day, a covenant was made with Sun Linfu.

（經七九）楚公子貞帥師圍陳。

(Classic) Gongzi Zhen of Chu led an army to besiege Chen.

（經七十）十有二月，公會晉侯、宋公、陳侯、衛侯、曹伯、莒子、邾婁子於鄬。鄭伯髡原如會，未見諸侯；丙戌，卒於操。

(Classic) In the twelfth month, Duke Xiang joined the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Chen, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju and the Viscount of Zhulou at Yu. Kunyuan, Earl of Zheng, came to the covenant, did not see the lords, and died at Cao on the bingxu day.

（傳）操者何？鄭之邑也。諸侯卒其封內不地，此何以地？隱之也。何隱爾？弒也。孰弒之？其大夫弒之。曷為不言其大夫弒之？為中國諱也。曷為為中國諱？鄭伯將會諸侯於鄬，其大夫諫曰：「中國不足歸也，則不若與楚。」鄭伯曰：「不可。」其大夫曰：「以中國為義，則伐我喪；以中國為強，則不若楚。」於是弒之。鄭伯髡原何以名？傷而反，未至乎舍而卒也。未見諸侯，其言如會何？致其意也。

(Commentary) What is Cao? It was a city of Zheng. When a lord dies within his own borders the place is normally not recorded, so why is the place recorded here? It shows grief for the matter. What grief? He was killed. Who killed him? His grand masters killed him. Why is it not written that his grand masters killed him? To conceal it for the Central States. Why conceal it for the Central States? The Earl of Zheng was about to meet the lords at Yu, and his grand masters remonstrated, saying: "The Central States are not worth joining, so it would be better to follow Chu." The Earl of Zheng said: "No." His grand masters said: "You consider the Central States righteous, but they attack us while we are in mourning; you consider the Central States strong, but they are not as strong as Chu." So they killed him. Why is Kunyuan, Earl of Zheng, called by name? He returned wounded and died before reaching his lodging. Since he did not see the lords, why is it written "went to the meeting"? It records his intention.

（經七十一）陳侯逃歸。

(Classic) The Marquis of Chen escaped and returned.

春，王正月，公如晉。

In spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, Duke Xiang went to Jin.

（經八二）夏，葬鄭僖公。

(Classic) In summer, Duke Xi of Zheng was buried.

（傳）賊未討，何以書葬？為中國諱也。

(Commentary) The murderers had not yet been punished, so why is the burial recorded? To conceal it for the Central States.

（經八三）鄭人侵蔡，獲蔡公子燮。

(Classic) The men of Zheng invaded Cai and captured Gongzi Xie of Cai.

（傳）此侵也，其言獲何？侵而言獲者，適得之也。

(Commentary) This was an invasion, so why is "captured" written? When an invasion is written with "captured," it was captured by chance.

（經八四）季孫宿會晉侯、鄭伯、齊人、宋人、衛人、邾婁人於刑丘。公至自晉。

(Classic) Jisun Su joined the Marquis of Jin, the Earl of Zheng and the men of Qi, Song, Wei and Zhulou at Xingqiu. Duke Xiang returned from Jin.

（經八五）莒人伐我東鄙。

(Classic) The men of Ju attacked the eastern border of our state of Lu.

（經八六）秋，九月，大雩。

(Classic) In autumn, in the ninth month, the great rain sacrifice was held.

（經八七）冬，楚公子貞帥師伐鄭。

(Classic) In winter, Gongzi Zhen of Chu led an army to attack Zheng.

（經八八）晉侯使士丐來聘。

(Classic) The Marquis of Jin sent Shi Gai on a visit.

春，宋火。

In spring, a fire broke out in Song.

（傳）曷為或言災？或言火？大者曰災，小者曰火。然則內何以不言火？內不言火者，甚之也。何以書？記災也。外災不書，此何以書？為王者之後記災也。

(Commentary) Why are some written "disaster" and some "fire"? A large one is called a disaster, and a small one is called a fire. Then why is "fire" not written for Lu's own? When it is not written "fire" for one's own state, it is to treat it more seriously. Why is it recorded? To record the disaster. Disasters abroad are normally not recorded, so why is this one recorded? Because Song is the descendant of a king, and the disaster is recorded for him.

（經九二）夏，季孫宿如晉。

(Classic) In summer, Jisun Su went to Jin.

（經九三）五月辛酉，夫人姜氏薨。

(Classic) On the xinyou day of the fifth month, the Lady Jiang died.

（經九四）秋，八月癸未，葬我小君繆姜。

(Classic) In autumn, on the guiwei day of the eighth month, our Lady of Lu, Miu Jiang, was buried.

（經九五）冬，公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、曹伯、莒子、邾婁子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾婁子、齊世子光伐鄭。十有二月己亥，同盟於戲。

(Classic) In winter, Duke Xiang joined the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhulou, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi, the Viscount of Little Zhulou and Guang, crown prince of Qi, in attacking Zheng. In the twelfth month, on the jihai day, they made a covenant together at Xi.

（經九六）楚子伐鄭。

(Classic) The Viscount of Chu attacked Zheng.

春，公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、曹伯、莒子、邾婁子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾婁子、齊世子光會吳於柤。

In spring, Duke Xiang joined the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhulou, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi, the Viscount of Little Zhulou and Guang, crown prince of Qi, in meeting Wu at Zha.

（經十二）夏，五月甲午，遂滅偪陽。公至自會。

(Classic) In summer, on the jiawu day of the fifth month, they then destroyed Biyang. Duke Xiang returned from the covenant.

（經十三）楚公子貞、鄭公孫輒帥師伐宋。

(Classic) Gongzi Zhen of Chu and Gongsun Zhe of Zheng led an army to attack Song.

（經十四）晉師伐秦。

(Classic) The army of Jin attacked Qin.

（經十五）秋，莒人伐我東鄙。公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、曹伯、莒子、邾婁子、齊世子光、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾婁子伐鄭。

(Classic) In autumn, the men of Ju attacked the eastern border of our state of Lu. Duke Xiang joined the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhulou, Guang, crown prince of Qi, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhulou in attacking Zheng.

（經十六）冬，盜殺鄭公子斐、公子發、公孫輒。戍鄭虎牢。

(Classic) In winter, bandits killed Gongzi Fei, Gongzi Fa and Gongsun Zhe of Zheng. A garrison was stationed at Hulao in Zheng.

（傳）孰戍之？諸侯戍之。曷為不言諸侯戍之？離至不可得而序，故言我也。諸侯已取之矣，曷為系之鄭？諸侯莫之主有，故反系之鄭。

(Commentary) Who went to garrison it? The lords went to garrison it. Why is it not written that the lords garrisoned it? They arrived separately and there was no way to write them in order, so it was written as Lu. The lords had already seized it, so why is it still attached to Zheng? None of the lords was in a position to claim it, so it was attached back to Zheng.

（經十七）楚公子貞帥師救鄭。

(Classic) Gongzi Zhen of Chu led an army to rescue Zheng.

（經十八）公至自伐鄭。

(Classic) Duke Xiang returned from the army attacking Zheng.

春，王正月，作三軍。

In spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, three armies were established.

（傳）三軍者何？三卿也。作三軍，何以書？譏。何譏爾？古者上卿、下卿，上士、下士。

(Commentary) What are the three armies? They are three ministers. Why is the establishment of three armies recorded? It is a criticism. What is criticized? In ancient times there were only upper ministers and lower ministers, and upper officers and lower officers.

（經十一二）夏，四月，四卜郊，不從，乃不郊。

(Classic) In summer, in the fourth month, divination was made four times about the suburban sacrifice and none was favorable, so the suburban sacrifice was not held.

（經十一三）鄭公孫舍之帥師侵宋。

(Classic) Gongsun Shezhi of Zheng led an army to invade Song.

（經十一四）公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、曹伯、齊世子光、莒子、邾婁子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾婁子伐鄭。

(Classic) Duke Xiang joined the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, Guang, crown prince of Qi, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhulou, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhulou in attacking Zheng.

（經十一五）秋，七月己未，同盟於京城北。

(Classic) In autumn, on the jiwei day of the seventh month, they made a covenant together north of the capital city.