Duke Ai

春，王正月，公即位。

In spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, Duke Ai took the throne.

（經一二）楚子、陳侯、隨侯、許男圍蔡。

(Classic 1.2) The Viscount of Chu, the Marquis of Chen, the Marquis of Sui and the Baron of Xu besieged Cai.

（經一三）鼷鼠食郊牛，改卜牛。

(Classic 1.3) A tripod-rat gnawed the ox for the suburban sacrifice, and divination was made again to replace the ox.

（經一四）夏，四月辛巳，郊。

(Classic 1.4) In summer, in the fourth month, on xinsi, the suburban sacrifice was held.

（經一五）秋，齊侯、衛侯伐晉。

(Classic 1.5) In autumn, the Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei attacked Jin.

（經一六）冬，仲孫何忌帥師伐邾婁。

(Classic 1.6) In winter, Zhongsun Heji led troops to attack Zhulou.

春，王二月，季孫斯、叔孫州仇、仲孫何忌帥師伐邾婁，取漷東田及沂西田。癸巳，叔孫州仇、仲孫何忌及邾婁子盟於句繹。

In spring, in the second month of the Zhou calendar, Ji Sun Si, Shusun Zhouchou and Zhongsun Heji led troops to attack Zhulou, and took the fields east of the Zhang and the fields west of the Yi. On guisi, Shusun Zhouchou and Zhongsun Heji made a covenant with the Viscount of Zhulou at Juyi.

（經二二）夏，四月丙子，衛侯元卒。

(Classic 2.2) In summer, in the fourth month, on bingzi, Yuan, Marquis of Wei, died.

（經二三）滕子來朝。

(Classic 2.3) The Viscount of Teng came to court.

（經二四）晉趙鞅帥師納衛世子蒯瞶於戚。

(Classic 2.4) Zhao Yang of Jin led troops to send Kuai Kui, heir apparent of Wei, into Qi.

（傳）戚者何？衛之邑也。曷為不言入於衛？父有子，子不得有父也。

(Commentary) What is Qi? It is a city of Wei. Why is it not written that he entered Wei? A father may have a son, but a son may not take possession of his father.

（經二五）秋，八月甲戌，晉趙鞅帥師及鄭軒達帥師戰於栗，鄭師敗績。

(Classic 2.5) In autumn, in the eighth month, on jiaxu, Zhao Yang of Jin led troops and fought Xuan Da of Zheng's troops at Li, and the Zheng army was badly defeated.

（經二六）冬，十月，葬衛靈公。

(Classic 2.6) In winter, in the tenth month, Duke Ling of Wei was buried.

（經二七）十有一月，蔡遷於州來。

(Classic 2.7) In the eleventh month, Cai moved to Zhoulai.

（經二八）蔡殺其大夫公子駟。

(Classic 2.8) Cai killed its grandee, Prince Si.

春，齊國夏、衛石曼姑帥師圍戚。

In spring, Guo Xia of Qi and Shi Mangu of Wei led troops and besieged Qi.

（傳）齊國夏曷為與衛石曼姑帥師圍戚？伯討也。此其為伯討奈何？曼姑受命乎靈公而立輒，以曼姑之義為固，可以距之也。輒者曷為者也？蒯瞶之子也。然則曷為不立蒯瞶而立輒？蒯瞶為無道，靈公逐蒯瞶而立輒。然則輒之義可以立乎？曰：可。其可奈何？不以父命辭王父命，以王父命辭父命，是父之行乎子也；不以家事辭王事，以王事辭家事，是上之行乎下也。

(Commentary) Why did Guo Xia of Qi and Shi Mangu of Wei lead troops to besiege Qi? It was a punitive expedition of a hegemon. How was this a hegemon's punitive expedition? Mangu received the order of Duke Ling and set up Zhe, so by Mangu's sense of righteousness he could rightly resist Kuai Kui. Who was Zhe? He was Kuai Kui's son. Then why was Kuai Kui not set up and Zhe set up instead? Kuai Kui was without the Way, and Duke Ling drove Kuai Kui out and set up Zhe. Then was it right, in terms of Zhe's duty, to be set up? The answer is: it was. Why was it right? One does not use a father's order to refuse a grandfather's order, but uses the grandfather's order to refuse the father's order; this is the father's order being carried out through the son. One does not use household matters to refuse the king's business, but uses the king's business to refuse household matters; this is the one above being carried out through the one below.

（經三二）夏，四月甲午，地震。

(Classic 3.2) In summer, in the fourth month, on jiawu, there was an earthquake.

（經三三）五月辛卯，桓宮、僖宮災。

(Classic 3.3) In the fifth month, on xinmao, the Huan Temple and the Xi Temple caught fire.

（傳）此皆毀廟也，其言災何？復立也。曷為不言其復立？《春秋》見者不復見也。何以不言及？敵也。何以書？記災也。

(Commentary) These were temples that had already been demolished; why is it written 'disaster'? They had been newly rebuilt. Why is it not written that they were rebuilt? What has already appeared in the Spring and Autumn is not recorded again. Why is it not written 'and'? Because they are equal. Why is it recorded? It records a disaster.

（經三四）季孫斯、叔孫州仇帥師城開陽。

(Classic 3.4) Ji Sun Si and Shusun Zhouchou led troops and built walls at Kaiyang.

（經三五）宋樂髡帥師伐曹。

(Classic 3.5) Yue Kun of Song led troops to attack Cao.

（經三六）秋，七月丙子，季孫斯卒。

(Classic 3.6) In autumn, in the seventh month, on bingzi, Ji Sun Si died.

（經三七）蔡人放其大夫公孫獵於吳。

(Classic 3.7) The people of Cai banished their grandee Gongsun Lie to Wu.

（經三八）冬，十月癸卯，秦伯卒。

(Classic 3.8) In winter, in the tenth month, on guimao, the Earl of Qin died.

（經三九）叔孫州仇、仲孫何忌帥師圍邾婁。

(Classic 3.9) Shusun Zhouchou and Zhongsun Heji led troops and besieged Zhulou.

春，王三月庚戌，盜殺蔡侯申。

In spring, in the third month of the Zhou calendar, on gengxu, bandits killed Shen, Marquis of Cai.

（傳）弒君賤者窮諸人，此其稱盜以弒何？賤乎賤者也。賤乎賤者孰謂？謂罪人也。

(Commentary) When a ruler is killed, the lowliest is spoken of as 'a person'; here it says 'bandits' and writes 'regicide.' Why? They were those lower even than the lowly. Who is lower than the lowly? The criminals.

（經四二）蔡公孫辰出奔吳。

(Classic 4.2) Gongsun Chen of Cai fled to Wu.

（經四三）葬秦惠公。

(Classic 4.3) Duke Hui of Qin was buried.

（經四四）宋人執小邾婁子。

(Classic 4.4) The people of Song captured the Viscount of Xiao Zhulou.

（經四五）夏，蔡殺其大夫公孫歸姓、公孫霍。

(Classic 4.5) In summer, Cai killed its grandees Gongsun Guisheng and Gongsun Huo.

（經四六）晉人執戎曼子赤歸於楚。

(Classic 4.6) The people of Jin captured Chi, Viscount of Rongman, and sent him to Chu.

（傳）赤者何？戎曼子之名也。其言歸於楚何？子北宮子曰：「闢伯晉而京師楚也。」

(Commentary) What is Chi? It is the name of the Viscount of Rongman. Why is it written 'sent to Chu'? Beigong Zi said, 'It avoids treating Jin as the hegemon and Chu as the capital.'

（經四七）城西郛。

(Classic 4.7) The western outer wall was built.

（經四八）六月辛丑，蒲社災。

(Classic 4.8) In the sixth month, on xinchou, the Pu altar caught fire.

（傳）蒲社者何？亡國之社也。社者封也，其言災何？亡國之社蓋掩之，掩其上而柴其下。蒲社災，何以書？記災也。

(Commentary) What is the Pu altar? It is the altar of a ruined state. The altar is a mound of earth; why is it written 'disaster'? The altar of a ruined state is covered over, roofed above and fenced with brushwood below. Why is the fire at the Pu altar recorded? It records a disaster.

（經四九）秋，八月甲寅，滕子結卒。

(Classic 4.9) In autumn, in the eighth month, on jiayin, Jie, Viscount of Teng, died.

（經四十）冬，十有二月，葬蔡昭公。

(Classic 4.10) In winter, in the twelfth month, Duke Zhao of Cai was buried.

（經四十一）葬滕頃公。

(Classic 4.11) Duke Qing of Teng was buried.

春，城比。

In spring, a wall was built at Bi.

（經五二）夏，齊侯伐宋。

(Classic 5.2) In summer, the Marquis of Qi attacked Song.

（經五三）晉趙鞅帥師伐衛。

(Classic 5.3) Zhao Yang of Jin led troops to attack Wei.

（經五四）秋，九月癸酉，齊侯處臼卒。

(Classic 5.4) In autumn, in the ninth month, on guiyou, Chujiu, Marquis of Qi, died.

（經五五）冬，叔還如齊。

(Classic 5.5) In winter, Shu Huan went to Qi.

（經五六）閏月，葬齊景公。

(Classic 5.6) In the intercalary month, Duke Jing of Qi was buried.

（傳）閏不書，此何以書？喪以閏數也。喪曷為以閏數？喪數略也。

(Commentary) An intercalary month is not usually recorded; why is it recorded here? Funeral affairs are counted by the intercalary month. Why are funeral affairs counted by the intercalary month? Funeral reckoning is abbreviated.

春，城邾婁葭。

In spring, a wall was built at Zhulou Jia.

（經六二）晉趙鞅帥師伐鮮虞。

(Classic 6.2) Zhao Yang of Jin led troops to attack Xianyu.

（經六三）吳伐陳。

(Classic 6.3) Wu attacked Chen.

（經六四）夏，齊國夏及高張來奔。

(Classic 6.4) In summer, Guo Xia and Gao Zhang of Qi came as refugees.

（經六五）叔還會吳於柤。

(Classic 6.5) Shu Huan met Wu at Zha.

（經六六）秋，七月庚寅，楚子軫卒。

(Classic 6.6) In autumn, in the seventh month, on gengyin, Zhen, Viscount of Chu, died.

（經六七）齊陽生入於齊。

(Classic 6.7) Yangsheng of Qi entered Qi.