Duke Ai

（經六八）齊陳乞弒其君舍。

(Classic 6.8) Chen Qi of Qi killed his ruler, She.

（傳）弒而立者，不以當國之辭言之，此其以當國之辭言之何？為諼也。此其為諼奈何？景公謂陳乞曰：「吾欲立舍，何如？」陳乞曰：「所樂乎為君者，欲立之則立之，不欲立則不立。君如欲立之，則臣請立之。」陽生謂陳乞曰：「吾聞子蓋將不欲立我也。」陳乞曰：「夫千乘之主，將廢正而立不正，必殺正者。吾不立子者，所以生子者也。走矣！」與之玉節而走之。景公死而舍立。陳乞使人迎陽生於諸其家。除景公之喪，諸大夫皆在朝，陳乞曰：「常之母有魚菽之祭，願諸大夫之化我也。」諸大夫皆曰：「諾。」於是皆之陳乞之家坐。陳乞曰：「吾有所為甲，請以示焉。」諸大夫皆曰：「諾。」於是使力士舉巨囊而至於中溜，諸大夫見之，皆色然而駭，開之則闖然公子陽生也。陳乞曰：「此君也已！」諸大夫不得已皆逡巡北面，再拜稽首而君之爾，自是往弒舍。

(Commentary) One who kills his ruler and sets himself up is not described with wording about holding the state and managing government; here it is described with that wording. Why? Because of deceit. How did he deceive? Duke Jing said to Chen Qi, 'I want to set up She; what do you think?' Chen Qi said, 'What a ruler is pleased to do, set up whom you want to set up and not whom you do not. If my lord wishes to set him up, then I ask to set him up.' Yangsheng said to Chen Qi, 'I hear that you will probably not want to set me up.' Chen Qi said, 'The master of a thousand chariots, who is about to depose the legitimate heir and set up a son of a concubine, will surely kill the legitimate heir. My not setting you up is exactly to keep you safe. Go quickly!' He gave him a jade token and let him flee. When Duke Jing died, She was set up. Chen Qi sent men to bring Yangsheng to his own house. After the mourning for Duke Jing was over, the grandees were all at court, and Chen Qi said, 'Chang's mother has a sacrifice of fish and beans; I hope all the grandees will honor my house.' The grandees all said, 'Good.' They then all went to Chen Qi's house and sat down. Chen Qi said, 'I have a finished suit of armor; please let me show it to you.' The grandees all said, 'Good.' He then had strong men lift a big sack and set it down in the central courtyard. The grandees looked and all changed color in alarm; when it was opened, there was Prince Yangsheng. Chen Qi said, 'This is the ruler!' The grandees had no choice but to hesitate, face north, bow twice, and kowtow, honoring him as ruler, and then went and killed She.

（經六九）冬，仲孫何忌帥師伐邾婁。

(Classic 6.9) In winter, Zhongsun Heji led troops to attack Zhulou.

（經六十）宋向巢帥師伐曹。

(Classic 6.10) Xiang Chao of Song led troops to attack Cao.

春，宋皇瑗帥師侵鄭。

In spring, Huang Yuan of Song led troops to attack Zheng.

（經七二）晉魏曼多帥師侵衛。

(Classic 7.2) Wei Manduo of Jin led troops to attack Wei.

（經七三）夏，公會吳於鄫。

(Classic 7.3) In summer, Duke Ai met Wu at Zeng.

（經七四）秋，公伐邾婁。

(Classic 7.4) In autumn, Duke Ai attacked Zhulou.

（經七五）八月己酉，入邾婁，以邾婁子益來。

(Classic 7.5) In the eighth month, on jiyou, Lu entered Zhulou and brought back Yi, Viscount of Zhulou.

（傳）入不言伐，此其言伐何？內辭也，若使他人然。邾婁子益何以名？絕。曷為絕之？獲也。曷為不言其獲？內大惡，諱也。

(Commentary) Entering is not written as attacking; why is it written as attacking here? It is wording for within the state, as if having someone else do it. Why is Yi, Viscount of Zhulou, called by his name? This is severance. Why severance? Because he was captured. Why is it not written that he was captured? The great evil of one's own state is concealed.

（經七六）宋人圍曹。

(Classic 7.6) The people of Song besieged Cao.

（經七七）冬，鄭駟弘帥師救曹。

(Classic 7.7) In winter, Si Hong of Zheng led troops to rescue Cao.

春，王正月，宋公入曹，以曹伯陽歸。

In spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, the Duke of Song entered Cao and took Yang, Earl of Cao, back with him.

（傳）曹伯陽何以名？絕之。曷為絕之？滅也。曷為不言其滅？諱同姓之滅也。何諱乎同姓之滅？力能救之而不救也。

(Commentary) Why is Yang, Earl of Cao, called by his name? This is severance. Why severance? Because he was destroyed. Why is it not written that he was destroyed? It conceals the destruction of a state of the same surname. Why conceal the destruction of a state of the same surname? Because one had the strength to rescue and did not.

（經八二）吳伐我。

(Classic 8.2) Wu attacked our state of Lu.

（經八三）夏，齊人取讙及僤。

(Classic 8.3) In summer, the people of Qi took Qian and Xiao.

（傳）外取邑不書，此何以書？所以賂齊也。曷為賂齊？為以邾婁子益來也。

(Commentary) When foreigners take cities it is not usually recorded; why is it recorded here? It was to bribe Qi. Why bribe Qi? Because Lu had taken Yi, Viscount of Zhulou, back.

（經八四）歸邾婁子益於邾婁。

(Classic 8.4) Yi, Viscount of Zhulou, was sent back to Zhulou.

（經八五）秋，七月。

(Classic 8.5) In autumn, in the seventh month.

（經八六）冬，十有二月癸亥，杞伯過卒。

(Classic 8.6) In winter, in the twelfth month, on guihai, Guo, Earl of Qi, died.

（經八七）齊人歸讙及僤。

(Classic 8.7) The people of Qi returned Qian and Xiao.

春，王二月，葬杞僖公。

In spring, in the second month of the Zhou calendar, Duke Xi of Qi was buried.

（經九二）宋皇瑗帥師取鄭師於雍丘。

(Classic 9.2) Huang Yuan of Song led troops and took the Zheng army at Yongqiu.

（傳）其言取之何？易也。其易奈何？詐之也。

(Commentary) Why is it written 'took'? Because it was easy. How was it easy? Through deceit.

（經九三）夏，楚人伐陳。

(Classic 9.3) In summer, the people of Chu attacked Chen.

（經九四）秋，宋公伐鄭。

(Classic 9.4) In autumn, the Duke of Song attacked Zheng.

（經九五）冬，十月。

(Classic 9.5) In winter, in the tenth month.

春，王二月，邾婁子益來奔。

In spring, in the second month of the Zhou calendar, Yi, Viscount of Zhulou, came as a refugee.

（經十二）公會吳伐齊。

(Classic 10.2) Duke Ai joined Wu to attack Qi.

（經十三）三月戊戌，齊侯陽生卒。

(Classic 10.3) In the third month, on wuxu, Yangsheng, Marquis of Qi, died.

（經十四）夏，宋人伐鄭。

(Classic 10.4) In summer, the people of Song attacked Zheng.

（經十五）晉趙鞅帥師侵齊。

(Classic 10.5) Zhao Yang of Jin led troops to attack Qi.

（經十六）五月，公至自伐齊。

(Classic 10.6) In the fifth month, Duke Ai returned from attacking Qi.

（經十七）葬齊悼公。

(Classic 10.7) Duke Dao of Qi was buried.

（經十八）衛公孟彄自齊歸於衛。

(Classic 10.8) Gongmeng Kou of Wei returned from Qi to Wei.

（經十九）薛伯寅卒。

(Classic 10.9) Yin, Earl of Xue, died.

（經十十）秋，葬薛惠公。

(Classic 10.10) In autumn, Duke Hui of Xue was buried.

（經十十一）冬，楚公子結帥師伐陳。

(Classic 10.11) In winter, Prince Jie of Chu led troops to attack Chen.

（經十十二）吳救陳。

(Classic 10.12) Wu rescued Chen.

春，齊國書帥師伐我。

In spring, Guo Shu of Qi led troops to attack our state of Lu.

（經十一二）夏，陳袁頗出奔鄭。

(Classic 11.2) In summer, Yuan Po of Chen fled to Zheng.

（經十一三）五月，公會吳伐齊；甲戌，齊國書帥師及吳戰於艾陵，齊師敗績，獲齊國書。

(Classic 11.3) In the fifth month, Duke Ai joined Wu to attack Qi; on jiaxu, Guo Shu of Qi led troops and fought Wu at Ailing, and the Qi army was badly defeated and Guo Shu of Qi was captured.

（經十一四）秋，七月辛酉，滕子虞母卒。

(Classic 11.4) In autumn, in the seventh month, on xinyou, Yu Mu, Viscount of Teng, died.

（經十一五）冬，十有一月，葬滕隱公。

(Classic 11.5) In winter, in the eleventh month, Duke Yin of Teng was buried.

（經十一六）衛世叔齊出奔宋。

(Classic 11.6) Shi Shuqi of Wei fled to Song.

春，用田賦。

In spring, the field tax was levied.

（傳）何以書？譏。何譏爾？譏始用田賦也。

(Commentary) Why is it recorded? It is a criticism. What is criticized? It criticizes the beginning of the field tax.

（經十二二）夏，五月甲辰，孟子卒。

(Classic 12.2) In summer, in the fifth month, on jiachen, Meng Zi died.

（傳）孟子者何？昭公之夫人也。其稱孟子何？諱娶同姓，蓋吳女也。

(Commentary) Who was Meng Zi? She was the wife of Duke Zhao. Why is she called Meng Zi? It conceals that he married a woman of the same surname; probably she was a woman of Wu.

（經十二三）公會吳於橐皋。

(Classic 12.3) Duke Ai met Wu at Tuogao.

（經十二四）秋，公會衛侯、宋皇瑗於運。

(Classic 12.4) In autumn, Duke Ai met the Marquis of Wei and Huang Yuan of Song at Yun.

（經十二五）宋向巢帥師伐鄭。

(Classic 12.5) Xiang Chao of Song led troops to attack Zheng.

（經十二六）冬，十有二月，螽。

(Classic 12.6) In winter, in the twelfth month, there were gadflies.

（傳）何以書？記異也。何異爾？不時也。

(Commentary) Why is it recorded? It records an anomaly. What is the anomaly? It was not the right season.