Duke Xuan

（經十八十四）丁未，葬我君成公。

(Classic) On the dingwei day, our ruler Duke Cheng of Lu was buried.

春，王正月，公即位。

In spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, Duke Xiang took the throne.

（經一二）仲孫蔑會晉欒黶、宋華元、衛寧殖、曹人、莒人、邾婁人、滕人、薛人圍宋彭城。

(Classic) Zhongsun Mie joined Luan Yan of Jin, Hua Yuan of Song, Ningzhi of Wei, and the men of Cao, Ju, Zhulou, Teng and Xue in besieging Pengcheng of Song.

（傳）宋華元曷為與諸侯圍宋彭城？為宋誅也。其為宋誅奈何？魚石走之楚，楚為之伐宋，取彭城以封魚石。魚石之罪奈何？以入是為罪也。楚已取之矣，曷為系之宋？不與諸侯專封也。

(Commentary) Why did Hua Yuan of Song join the lords in besieging Song's own Pengcheng? He went to punish on Song's behalf. How did he punish on Song's behalf? Yu Shi fled to Chu, and Chu attacked Song for him, seizing Pengcheng to enfeoff Yu Shi. What was Yu Shi's offense? His offense was entering it. Chu had already seized it, so why is it still attached to Song? It shows disapproval of the lords arbitrarily dividing out fiefs.

（經一三）夏，晉韓屈帥師伐鄭。

(Classic) In summer, Han Qu of Jin led an army to attack Zheng.

（經一四）仲孫蔑會齊崔杼、曹人、邾婁人、杞人次於合。

(Classic) Zhongsun Mie joined Cui Zhu of Qi and the men of Cao, Zhulou and Qi in encamping at He.

（經一五）秋，楚公子壬夫帥師侵宋。

(Classic) In autumn, Gongzi Renfu of Chu led an army to invade Song.

（經一六）九月辛酉，天王崩。

(Classic) In the ninth month, on the xinyou day, the Son of Heaven died.

（經一七）邾婁子來朝。

(Classic) The Viscount of Zhulou came to court.

（經一八）冬，衛侯使公孫剽來聘。

(Classic) In winter, the Marquis of Wei sent Gongsun Piao on a visit.

（經一九）晉侯使荀罃來聘。

(Classic) The Marquis of Jin sent Xun Ying on a visit.

春，王正月，葬簡王。

In spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, King Jian was buried.

（經二二）鄭師伐宋。

(Classic) The army of Zheng attacked Song.

（經二三）夏，五月庚寅，夫人姜氏薨。

(Classic) In summer, on the gengyin day of the fifth month, the Lady Jiang died.

（經二四）六月庚辰，鄭伯睔卒。

(Classic) In the sixth month, on the gengchen day, Gun, Earl of Zheng, died.

（經二五）晉師、宋師、衛寧殖侵鄭。

(Classic) The armies of Jin and Song and Ningzhi of Wei invaded Zheng.

（經二六）秋，七月，仲孫蔑會晉荀罃、宋華元、衛孫林父、曹人、邾婁人於戚。

(Classic) In autumn, in the seventh month, Zhongsun Mie joined Xun Ying of Jin, Hua Yuan of Song, Sun Linfu of Wei and the men of Cao and Zhulou at Qi.

（經二七）己丑，葬我小君齊姜。

(Classic) On the jichou day, our Lady of Lu, Qi Jiang, was buried.

（傳）齊姜者何？齊姜與繆姜，則未知其為宣夫人與？成夫人與？

(Commentary) Who was Qi Jiang? Qi Jiang and Miu Jiang; it is not known whether she was Duke Xuan's wife or Duke Cheng's wife.

（經二八）叔孫豹如宋。

(Classic) Shusun Bao went to Song.

（經二九）冬，仲孫蔑會晉荀罃、齊崔杼、宋華元、衛孫林父、曹人、邾婁人、滕人、薛人、小邾婁人於戚，遂城虎牢。

(Classic) In winter, Zhongsun Mie joined Xun Ying of Jin, Cui Zhu of Qi, Hua Yuan of Song, Sun Linfu of Wei, and the men of Cao, Zhulou, Teng, Xue and Little Zhulou at Qi, and then fortified Hulao.

（傳）虎牢者何？鄭之邑也。其言城之何？取之也。取之則曷為不言取之？為中國諱也。曷為為中國諱？諱伐喪也。曷為不繫乎鄭？為中國諱也。大夫無遂事，此其言遂何？歸惡乎大夫也。

(Commentary) What is Hulao? It was a city of Zheng. Why is it written "fortified"? It was seized. If it was seized, why is it not written "seized"? To conceal it for the Central States. Why conceal it for the Central States? To conceal the attack on a state in mourning. Why is it not attached to Zheng? To conceal it for the Central States. A grand master has no acting "thereupon"; why is "thereupon" written here? It places the guilt on the grand masters.

（經二十）楚殺其大夫公子申。

(Classic) Chu killed its grand master Gongzi Shen.

春，楚公子嬰齊帥師伐吳。

In spring, Gongzi Yingqi of Chu led an army to attack Wu.

（經三二）公如晉。

(Classic) Duke Xiang went to Jin.

（經三三）夏，四月壬戌，公及晉侯盟於長樗。

(Classic) In summer, on the renxu day of the fourth month, Duke Xiang made a covenant with the Marquis of Jin at Changchu.

（經三四）公至自晉。

(Classic) Duke Xiang returned from Jin.

（經三五）六月，公會單子、晉侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、莒子、邾婁子、齊世子光；己未，同盟於雞澤。陳侯使袁僑如會。

(Classic) In the sixth month, Duke Xiang joined the Viscount of Shan, the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhulou and Guang, crown prince of Qi; on the jiwei day, they made a covenant together at Jize. The Marquis of Chen sent Yuan Qiao to hurry to the covenant.

（傳）其言如會何？後會也。

(Commentary) What does "went to the meeting" mean? He caught up with the covenant only later.

（經三六）戊寅，叔孫豹及諸侯之大夫及陳袁僑盟。

(Classic) On the wuyin day, Shusun Bao made a covenant with the grand masters of the lords and with Yuan Qiao of Chen.

（傳）曷為殊及陳袁僑？為其與袁僑盟也。

(Commentary) Why is "and Yuan Qiao of Chen" written separately? Because he made a covenant with Yuan Qiao.

（經三七）秋，公至自會。

(Classic) In autumn, Duke Xiang returned from the covenant.

（經三八）冬，晉荀罃帥師伐許。

(Classic) In winter, Xun Ying of Jin led an army to attack Xu.

春，王三月己酉，陳侯午卒。

In spring, on the jiyou day of the third month of the Zhou calendar, Wu, Marquis of Chen, died.

（經四二）夏，叔孫豹如晉。

(Classic) In summer, Shusun Bao went to Jin.

（經四三）秋，七月戊子，夫人弋氏薨。

(Classic) In autumn, on the wuzi day of the seventh month, the Lady Yi died.

（經四四）葬陳成公。

(Classic) Duke Cheng of Chen was buried.

（經四五）八月辛亥，葬我小君定弋。

(Classic) In the eighth month, on the xinhai day, our Lady of Lu, Ding Yi, was buried.

（傳）定弋者，襄公之母也。

(Commentary) Ding Yi was Duke Xiang's mother.

（經四六）冬，公如晉。

(Classic) In winter, Duke Xiang went to Jin.

（經四七）陳人圍頓。

(Classic) The men of Chen besieged Dun.

春，公至自晉。

In spring, Duke Xiang returned from Jin.

（經五二）夏，鄭伯使公子發來聘。

(Classic) In summer, the Earl of Zheng sent Gongzi Fa on a visit.

（經五三）叔孫豹、鄫世子巫如晉。

(Classic) Shusun Bao and Wu, crown prince of Zeng, went to Jin.

（傳）外相如不書，此何以書？為叔孫豹率而與之俱也。叔孫豹則曷為率而與之俱？蓋舅出也。莒將滅之，故相與往殆乎晉也。莒將滅之，則曷為相與往殆乎晉？取後乎莒也。其取後乎莒奈何？莒女有為鄫夫人者，蓋欲立其出也。

(Commentary) Visits among outside states are normally not recorded, so why is this recorded here? Because Shusun Bao led him and went with him. Why did Shusun Bao lead him and go with him? Probably he was a nephew of his mother's family. Ju was about to destroy Zeng, so they went together to Jin to ask for rescue. Ju was about to destroy Zeng; why did they go together to Jin to ask for rescue? It was to set up an heir from the side of Ju. How was an heir set up from the side of Ju? There was a woman of Ju who was a wife in Zeng, and probably they wanted to install the son she bore.

（經五四）仲孫蔑、衛孫林父會吳於善稻。

(Classic) Zhongsun Mie and Sun Linfu of Wei met Wu at Shandao.

（經五五）秋，大雩。

(Classic) In autumn, the great rain sacrifice was held.

（經五六）楚殺其大夫公子壬夫。

(Classic) Chu killed its grand master Gongzi Renfu.

（經五七）公會晉侯、宋公、陳侯、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾婁子、滕子、薛伯、齊世子光、吳人、鄫人於戚。

(Classic) Duke Xiang joined the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Chen, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhulou, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, Guang, crown prince of Qi, and the men of Wu and Zeng at Qi.

（傳）吳何以稱人？吳、鄫人云則不辭。

(Commentary) Why is Wu called "men"? It would not read smoothly to write "Wu, men of Zeng."

（經五八）公至自會。

(Classic) Duke Xiang returned from the covenant.

（經五九）冬，戍陳。

(Classic) In winter, a garrison was stationed at Chen.

（傳）孰戍之？諸侯戍之。曷為不言諸侯戍之？離至不可得而序，故言我也。

(Commentary) Who went to garrison it? The lords went to garrison it. Why is it not written that the lords garrisoned it? They arrived separately and there was no way to write them in order, so it was written as Lu.

（經五十）楚公子貞帥師伐陳。

(Classic) Gongzi Zhen of Chu led an army to attack Chen.

（經五十一）公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾婁子、滕子、薛伯、齊世子光，救陳。十有二月，公至自救陳。

(Classic) Duke Xiang joined the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhulou, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue and Guang, crown prince of Qi, to rescue Chen. In the twelfth month, Duke Xiang returned from rescuing Chen.