Duke Yin

（經十二三）秋，七月丁亥，公會宋公、燕人，盟於谷丘。

(Classic 12:3) In autumn, the seventh month, dinghai day, Duke Huan met the Duke of Song and the people of Yan and made a covenant at Guqiu.

（經十二四）八月，壬辰，陳侯躍卒。公會宋公於郯。

(Classic 12:4) In the eighth month, renchen day, Yue, Marquis of Chen, died. Duke Huan met the Duke of Song at Tan.

（經十二五）冬，十有一月，公會宋公於龜。丙戌，公會鄭伯，盟於武父。

(Classic 12:5) In winter, the eleventh month, Duke Huan met the Duke of Song at Gui. On bingxu day, Duke Huan met the Earl of Zheng and made a covenant at Wufu.

（經十二六）丙戌，衛侯晉卒。

(Classic 12:6) On bingxu day, Jin, Marquis of Wei, died.

（經十二六）十有二月，及鄭師伐宋。丁未，戰於宋。

(Classic 12:6) In the twelfth month, with the army of Zheng, he attacked Song. On dingwei day, they fought in Song.

（傳）戰不言伐，此其言伐何？闢嫌也。惡乎嫌？嫌與鄭人戰也。此偏戰也，何以不言師敗績？內不言戰，言戰乃敗矣！

(Commentary) When fighting, it is not written "attacked"; why is "attacked" written here? To avoid suspicion. Suspicion of what? Of fighting against the people of Zheng. This was a battle fought at an agreed time, so why is it not written "the army was defeated"? For Lu's own affairs, "fought" is not written, and once "fought" is written it is already a defeat!

春，二月，公會紀侯、鄭伯。己巳，及齊侯、宋公、衛侯、燕人戰，齊師、宋師、衛師、燕師敗績。

Spring, second month. Duke Huan met the Marquis of Ji and the Earl of Zheng. On jisi day, he fought with the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei and the people of Yan, and the armies of Qi, Song, Wei and Yan were utterly defeated.

（傳）曷為後日？恃外也。其恃外奈何？得紀侯、鄭伯，然後能為日也。內不言戰，此其言戰何？從外也。曷為從外？恃外故從外也。何以不地？近也。惡乎近？近乎圍。郎亦近矣，郎何以地？郎猶可以地也。

(Commentary) Why is the date placed afterward? Because he relied on outside help. How did he rely on outside help? Only after obtaining the Marquis of Ji and the Earl of Zheng could the date be agreed. For Lu's own affairs "fought" is not written; why is "fought" written here? It follows the outside. Why follow the outside? Because he relied on the outside, he follows the outside in the wording. Why is the place not recorded? Because it was near. How near? So near as to be like a siege. Lang was also near, so why is Lang's place recorded? Lang can still be recorded as a place.

（經十三二）三月，葬衛宣公。

(Classic 13:2) In the third month, Duke Xuan of Wei was buried.

（經十三三）夏，大水。

(Classic 13:3) In summer, there was a great flood.

（經十三四）秋，七月。

(Classic 13:4) In autumn, the seventh month.

（經十三五）冬，十月。

(Classic 13:5) In winter, the tenth month.

春，正月，公會鄭伯於曹。

Spring, first month. Duke Huan met the Earl of Zheng at Cao.

（經十四二）無冰。

(Classic 14:2) There was no ice.

（傳）何以書？記異也。

(Commentary) Why is it recorded? To record an anomaly.

（經十四三）夏，五。鄭伯使其弟語來盟。

(Classic 14:3) In summer, the fifth month. The Earl of Zheng sent his younger brother Yu to make a covenant.

（傳）夏五者何？無聞焉爾。

(Commentary) What does "summer, five" mean? I have not heard.

（經十四四）秋，八月壬申，御廩災。

(Classic 14:4) In autumn, the eighth month, renshen day, the imperial granary caught fire.

（傳）御廩者何？粢盛委之所藏也。御廩災，何以書？記災也。

(Commentary) What is the imperial granary? It is the place where grain for sacrifices is stored. Why is the fire at the imperial granary recorded? To record a calamity.

（經十四五）乙亥，嘗。

(Classic 14:5) On yihai day, the autumn Chang sacrifice was held.

（傳）常事不書，此何以書？譏。何譏爾？譏嘗也。曰：猶嘗乎！御廩災，不如勿嘗而已矣！

(Commentary) Ordinary matters are not recorded; why is this recorded? As a criticism. Criticizing what? Criticizing that they still held the Chang sacrifice. It is as if to say: still performing the sacrifice! The imperial granary has burned; better simply not to hold the Chang sacrifice at all!

（經十四六）冬，十有二月丁巳，齊侯祿父卒。

(Classic 14:6) In winter, the twelfth month, dingsi day, Lufu, Marquis of Qi, died.

（經十四七）宋人以齊人、衛人、蔡人、陳人伐鄭。以者何？行其意也。

(Classic 14:7) The people of Song, taking with them the people of Qi, Wei, Cai and Chen, attacked Zheng. What does "taking" mean? It means carrying out Song's own intention.

春，二月，天王使家父來求車。

Spring, second month. The Son of Heaven of Zhou sent Jiafu to ask for carriages.

（傳）何以書？譏。何譏爾？王者無求；求車，非禮也。

(Commentary) Why is it recorded? As a criticism. Criticizing what? A true king should not ask from others; asking for carriages was contrary to ritual.

（經十五二）三月乙未，天王崩。

(Classic 15:2) In the third month, yiwei day, the Son of Heaven died.

（經十五三）夏，四月己巳，葬齊僖公。

(Classic 15:3) In summer, the fourth month, jisi day, Duke Xi of Qi was buried.

（經十五四）五月，鄭伯突出奔蔡。

(Classic 15:4) In the fifth month, Tu, Earl of Zheng, fled to Cai.

（傳）突何以名？奪正也。

(Commentary) Why is Tu called by name? Because he had seized the rightful position.

（經十五五）鄭世子忽復歸於鄭。

(Classic 15:5) Hu, heir of Zheng, returned again to Zheng.

（傳）其稱世子何？復正也。曷為或言歸？或言復歸？復歸者，出惡，歸無惡；復入者，出無惡，入有惡。入者，出入惡。歸者，出入無惡。

(Commentary) He is called "heir"; why? It restores his rightful position. Why is it sometimes written "returned" and sometimes "returned again"? "Returned again" is when there was evil in leaving and none in coming back; "entered again" is when there was no evil in leaving and evil in entering; "entered" is when there was evil in both leaving and entering; "returned" is when there was no evil in either leaving or entering.

（經十五六）許叔入於許。公會齊侯於鄗。邾婁人、牟人、葛人來朝。

(Classic 15:6) Shu of Xu entered Xu. Duke Huan met the Marquis of Qi at Hao. The people of Zhulou, Mou and Ge came to court.

（傳）皆何以稱人？夷狄之也。

(Commentary) Why are all three called "people"? They were treated as barbarians.

（經十五七）秋，九月，鄭伯突入於櫟。

(Classic 15:7) In autumn, the ninth month, Tu, Earl of Zheng, entered Li.

（傳）櫟者何？鄭之邑。曷為不言入於鄭？末言爾。曷為末言爾？祭仲亡矣。然則曷為不言忽之出奔？言忽為君之微也。祭仲存則存矣，祭仲亡則亡矣！

(Commentary) What was Li? It was a city of Zheng. Why is it not written "entered Zheng"? It was not yet time to say it so. Why was it not yet time to say it so? Ji Zhong was already gone. Then why is Hu's flight not written? To show how weak Hu was as a ruler. When Ji Zhong was there, he was there; when Ji Zhong was not there, he was no longer there!

（經十五八）冬，十有一月，公會齊侯、宋公、衛侯、陳侯於侈，伐鄭。

(Classic 15:8) In winter, the eleventh month, Duke Huan met the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei and the Marquis of Chen at Chi and attacked Zheng.

春，正月，公會宋公、蔡侯、衛侯於曹。

Spring, first month. Duke Huan met the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Cai and the Marquis of Wei at Cao.

（經十六二）夏，四月，公會宋公、衛侯、陳侯、蔡侯伐鄭。

(Classic 16:2) In summer, the fourth month, Duke Huan joined the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Marquis of Chen and the Marquis of Cai in attacking Zheng.

（經十六三）秋，七月，公至自伐鄭。

(Classic 16:3) In autumn, the seventh month, Duke Huan returned from the army that attacked Zheng.

（經十六四）冬，城向。十有一月，衛侯朔出奔齊。

(Classic 16:4) In winter, Xiang was fortified. In the eleventh month, Shuo, Marquis of Wei, fled to Qi.

（傳）衛侯朔何以名？絕。曷為絕之？得罪於天子也。其得罪於天子奈何？見使守衛朔，而不能使衛小眾，越在岱陰齊。屬負茲舍，不即罪爾。

(Commentary) Why is Shuo, Marquis of Wei, called by name? To cut him off. Why cut him off? Because he offended the Son of Heaven. How did he offend the Son of Heaven? He was sent to guard and to attend the court on the first day of the month, but could not lead the few people of Wei; he fled to Qi north of Mount Tai, pretended illness and stayed there, and did not go to receive blame.

春，正月丙辰，公會齊侯、紀侯盟於黃。

Spring, first month, bingchen day. Duke Huan met the Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Ji and made a covenant at Huang.

（經十七二）二月丙午，公及邾婁儀父盟於趡。

(Classic 17:2) In the second month, bingwu day, Duke Huan made a covenant with Yifu of Zhulou at Zhui.

（經十七三）五月丙午，及齊師戰於奚。

(Classic 17:3) In the fifth month, bingwu day, he fought with the army of Qi at Xi.

（經十七四）六月丁丑，蔡侯封人卒。

(Classic 17:4) In the sixth month, dingchou day, Feng Ren, Marquis of Cai, died.

（經十七五）秋，八月，蔡季自陳歸於蔡。癸巳，葬蔡桓侯。及宋人、衛人伐邾婁。

(Classic 17:5) In autumn, the eighth month, Ji of Cai returned to Cai from Chen. On guisi day, Marquis Huan of Cai was buried. With the people of Song and Wei he attacked Zhulou.

（經十七六）冬，十月朔，日有食之。

(Classic 17:6) In winter, the tenth month, first day, there was a solar eclipse.

春，王正月，公會齊侯於濼。公與夫人姜氏遂如齊。

Spring, the first month of the Zhou calendar. Duke Huan met the Marquis of Qi at Luo. Duke Huan then went to Qi with his wife, Lady Jiang.

（傳）公何以不言及夫人？夫人外也。夫人外者何？內辭也，其實夫人外公也。

(Commentary) Why is it not written "and his wife" with Duke Huan? Because the wife was outside. What does "the wife was outside" mean? This is Lu's own wording of concealment; in fact it was the wife who shut Duke Huan out.

（經十八二）夏，四月丙子，公薨於齊。丁酉，公之喪至自齊。

(Classic 18:2) In summer, the fourth month, bingzi day, Duke Huan died in Qi. On dingyou day, Duke Huan's coffin arrived from Qi.

（經十八三）秋，七月。

(Classic 18:3) In autumn, the seventh month.

（經十八四）冬，十有二月己丑，葬我君桓公。

(Classic 18:4) In winter, the twelfth month, jichou day, Duke Huan, ruler of our state of Lu, was buried.

（傳）賊未討，何以書葬？讎在外也。讎在外則何以書葬？君子辭也。

(Commentary) The villain had not yet been punished; why is the burial recorded? Because the enemy was abroad. If the enemy was abroad, why is the burial still recorded? This is the wording of the gentleman.