The title at the beginning of the volume

經典釋文卷第二。周易音義。唐國子博士兼太子中允贈齊州刺史吳縣開國男陸德明撰。周（代名也，周至也，遍也，備也，今名書義取周普）。易（盈只反，此經名也，虞翻注參同契云字從日下月）。

This is the second volume of the "Classic Interpretations and Pronunciations," titled "Sounds and Meanings of the Zhou Changes." The author is Lu Deming, a person from the Tang dynasty, whose name was Yuanlang, but he was known by his courtesy name. He held the position of national university doctoral student and also served as an assistant to the crown prince. After his death, he was posthumously honored as the governor of Qizhou and granted the title of the first male of the Wuxian county. The character "Zhou" refers both to a dynasty and has meanings such as completeness, thoroughness, and fullness. The book is named "Zhou Changes" with the meaning of "comprehensiveness and universality," indicating that its teachings encompass everything. The character "Yi" is annotated as "ying zhi fan," which is a reverse-sound annotation combining the initial sound of "ying" and the final sound and tone of "zhi," resulting in the pronunciation yì, which is the name of the classic. Yu Fan, a person from the Three Kingdoms period of Wu, who annotated the "Three Concordances" of the Zhou Changes, explained that the character "Yi" is composed of "sun" on top and "moon" below.

上經（上者對下立名經者常也，法也，徑也，由也）。乾（卦名）。傳（直戀反，以傳述為義謂夫子十翼也，解見發題）。第一（亦作弟）。王弼注（本亦作王輔嗣注音張具反今本或無注字師無者非）。

The term "upper" in "Shang Jing" is a relative term in contrast to "Xia Jing." "Jing" encompasses several meanings: constant way, rule, approach, and basis. "Gan" is the same as "Qian," which is the name of a hexagram. "Chuan" is annotated as "zhuàn," a phonetic annotation using reverse slicing, meaning to transmit or explain, referring to the "Ten Wings" composed by Confucius. The term "first" also writes "di" as "弟." The phrase "Wang Bi's commentary" is sometimes written as "Wang Fusi's commentary," as Fusi was Wang Bi's given name. "Zhu" is annotated as "zhu," a phonetic annotation using reverse slicing, meaning to annotate, and is read as "zhù." Some editions of the present text omit the character "zhu," but the teacher's explanation considers this omission incorrect.

乾（竭然反，依字作乾下乙干從旦於㫃音偃卦云乾健也，此八純卦象天）。元亨（許庚反，卦德也，訓通也，餘放此）。濳（捷鹽反）。龍（喻陽氣及聖人）。見龍（賢遍反，示也，注及下見龍皆同）。利見（如字下皆同）。大人（王肅云聖人在位之目）。離隱（力智反）。處於（昌呂反，眾經不音者放此）。德施（始豉反，與也）。不偏（音篇）。則過（古臥反，諸經內皆同）。夕惕（他曆反，怵惕也，鄭云懼也，廣雅同）。若厲（力世反，危也）。無（音無易內皆作此字文云竒字無也，通於無者虛無道也，玉述天屈西北為無）。

"The 'Gan' character is actually 'Qian,' with the annotation 'Jie Ran Fan,' which is a reverse-sound annotation. It takes the initial sound of 'Jie' and the rhyme and tone of 'Ran' to read as 'qian.' According to its character form, it should be 'Qian,' with the right side composed of 'Yi' and the left side 'Zhan,' which is made up of 'Dan' and 'Yan,' where 'Yan' is pronounced 'yan.' The hexagram statement says that 'Qian' represents strength and vigor, and this hexagram is one of the eight pure hexagrams, with both upper and lower parts identical, symbolizing heaven. 'Heng' in 'Yuan Heng' is annotated as 'Xu Geng Fan,' which is read as 'heng,' representing the virtue of the hexagram 'Qian,' meaning to be smooth and unimpeded. Similar characters are read in the same way. 'Qian' is also the same as 'Qian,' with the annotation 'Jie Yan Fan,' read as 'qian.' 'Long' here is used as a metaphor for yang energy and also for a sage. 'Xian Long' refers to 'Xian,' which is annotated as 'Xian Bian Fan,' read as 'xian,' meaning to appear. Wang Bi's annotations and subsequent mentions of 'Xian Long' all use this pronunciation. 'Li Xian' refers to 'Xian,' which is read as its original character and meaning, without breaking it down, and the same applies to subsequent mentions. 'Da Ren' refers to the title for a sage who holds the position of a ruler, according to Wang Su of the Wei dynasty. 'Li Yin' refers to 'Li,' which is annotated as 'Li Zhi Fan,' read as 'li.' 'Chu Yu' refers to 'Chu,' which is annotated as 'Chang Lv Fan,' read as 'chu.' All other characters not given separate annotations are read in this way. 'De Shi' refers to 'Shi,' which is annotated as 'Shi Chi Fan,' read as 'shi,' meaning to give. 'Bu Pian' refers to 'Pian,' which is read as 'pian.' 'Ze Guo' refers to 'Guo,' which is annotated as 'Gu Wo Fan,' read as 'guo,' and is read the same way in all other classics. 'Xi Ti' refers to 'Ti,' which is annotated as 'Te Li Fan,' read as 'ti,' meaning to be alert; Zheng Xuan interprets it as fear, and the explanation in 'Guangya' is the same. 'Ru Li' refers to 'Li,' which is annotated as 'Li Shi Fan,' read as 'li,' meaning danger. 'Wu' is read as 'wu,' and this character form is used throughout the entire 'Zhou Yi.' 'Shuo Wen' says that 'wu' is a variant form of 'wu,' and 'wu' is considered to be the same as 'wu,' which refers to the way of emptiness. Other character dictionaries also say that 'heaven bends the northwest to form 'wu.'"

咎（其久反，易內同）。重剛（直龍反，下同）。竭知（音智）。或躍（羊灼反，廣雅云上也，上音時掌反）。所處（一本作可處）。近乎（附近之近）。猶（以救反）。與（音預）。不謬（靡幼反，本或作繆音同）。夫位（音符下皆同）。亢（苦浪反，子夏傳云極也，廣雅云髙也）。則佞（乃定反）。邪（字又作耶似嗟反）。（吐亂反，斷也，斷音都亂反）。資始（鄭云資取也）。乃統（鄭云統本也）。

The character 「咎」is annotated as 「其久反」, a reverse-sound annotation, read as jiù, the same pronunciation throughout the entire Zhou Changes. The character 「重」in 「重刚」is annotated as 「直龙反」, read as chóng, the same pronunciation in the following text. The character 「知」in 「竭知」is pronounced as 「智」, read as zhì. The character 「跃」in 「或跃」is annotated as 「羊灼反」, read as yuè; the Guangya explains 「跃」as 「上」, which is pronounced 「时掌反」, read as shǎng. The term 「所处」is alternatively written as 「可处」in another version. The character 「近」in 「近乎」is read as the 「近」in 「附近」, which is a falling tone, read as jìn. The character 「犹」is annotated as 「以救反」, read as yòu. The character 「与」is pronounced as 「预」, read as yù. The character 「谬」in 「不谬」is annotated as 「靡幼反」, read as miù; some versions write it as 「缪」, with the same pronunciation. The character 「夫」in 「夫位」is pronounced as 「符」, read as fú, serving as a sentence starter, the same pronunciation in the following text. The character 「亢」is annotated as 「苦浪反」, read as kàng; the Zixia Commentary on the Changes explains it as extreme, and the Guangya explains it as high. The character 「佞」in 「则佞」is annotated as 「乃定反」, read as nìng. The character 「邪」is also written as 「耶」, annotated as 「似嗟反」, read as xié. The first character of the next entry is missing, annotated as 「吐乱反」, read as tuàn, which refers to the 「彖」, meaning to cut off or decide, with the pronunciation of 「断」being 「都乱反」, read as duàn. The term 「资始」is explained by Zheng Xuan as 「资」meaning to take. The term 「乃统」is explained by Zheng Xuan as 「统」meaning the original.

雲行（如字）。雨施（始豉反，卦內皆同）。之累（劣偽反）。者邪（或作耶同餘嗟反後協句辭皆放此）。象（翔丈反，精象擬象也）。自強（其良反）。反覆（芳服反，注同，本亦作覆）。大人造（鄭徂早反為也，王肅七到反就也，至也，劉歆父子作聚）。文言（文飾卦下之言也，夫子之十翼梁武帝云文言是文王所制）。之長（張丈反）。之幹（古旦反）。體仁（如字京房荀爽董遇本作體信）。利物（孟喜京荀陸績作利之）。不成名（一本作不成乎名）。遯世（徒頓反）。

The character "行" in "云行" is read according to its original pronunciation. The character "施" in "雨施" is read as shì, with the pronunciation "始豉反." All instances within the primary hexagram follow the same reading. The character "累" in "之累" is read as lèi, with the pronunciation "劣伪反." The character "邪" in "者邪" is sometimes written as "耶" in other versions, with the pronunciation "余嗟反," read as yé; all similar particles used for sentence coordination in the following text follow this pattern. The character "象" is annotated with "翔丈反," read as xiàng, referring to subtle phenomena and imitative images. The character "强" in "自强" is read as qiáng, with the pronunciation "其良反." The character "复" in "反复" is read as fù, with the pronunciation "芳服反," as noted by Wang Bi; some versions read it as "覆." The character "造" in "大人造" is read as zào by Zheng Xuan, with the pronunciation "徂早反," meaning "to create"; Wang Su reads it as "七到反," which is also read as zào today, meaning "to approach" or "to arrive"; versions from Liu Xiang and Liu Xin read it as "聚." The term "文言" refers to ornamental language below the hexagram, belonging to the Ten Wings attributed to Confucius; however, Emperor Wu of Liang claimed that the "文言" was composed by King Wen of Zhou. The character "长" in "之长" is read as zhǎng, with the pronunciation "张丈反." The character "干" in "之干" is read as gàn, with the pronunciation "古旦反," meaning "幹." The character "体" in "体仁" is read according to its original form; versions by Jing Fang, Xun Shuang, and Dong Yu read it as "体信." The term "利物" is read as "利之" in versions by Meng Xi, Jing Fang, Xun Shuang, and Lu Ji. The phrase "不成名" is alternatively written as "不成乎名." The character "遯" in "遯世" is read as dùn, with the pronunciation "徒顿反."

無悶（門遜反）。樂則（音洛）。確乎（苦學反，鄭云堅髙之貌文云髙至）。可拔（蒲八反，鄭云移也，廣雅云出也）。庸行（下孟反）。閒邪（似嗟反，下同）。幾（旣依反，注同理初始微名幾）。能全（一本作能令）。尟克（今亦作鮮同仙善反少也）。怵（律反）。解怠（佳賣反）。上下（並如字王肅上音時掌反）。非離（力智反）。相應（應對之應易內不出者並同）。流溼（申入反）。就燥（蘇早先皂二反）。聖人作（如字鄭云起也，馬融作起）。

The character 「闷」 in 「无闷」 is pronounced mèn, as indicated by the reverse-slicing annotation 「门逊反」. The character 「乐」 in 「乐则」 is pronounced lè, as noted by the reverse-slicing 「洛」. The character 「确」 in 「确乎」 is pronounced què, as indicated by 「苦学反」; Zheng Xuan explains it as meaning the appearance of something high and steep, and the Shuowen Jiezi defines it as 「高至」. The character 「拔」 in 「可拔」 is pronounced bá, as indicated by 「蒲八反」; Zheng Xuan explains it as movement, and the Guangya defines it as emergence. The character 「行」 in 「庸行」 is pronounced xìng, as indicated by 「下孟反」, referring to virtue. The character 「邪」 in 「闲邪」 is pronounced xié, as indicated by 「似嗟反」, and is pronounced the same in the following text. The character 「几」 is annotated as 「既依反」, pronounced jī; Wang Bi's commentary agrees, referring to the subtle initial signs of a matter, hence named 「几」. The phrase 「能全」 is alternatively written as 「能令」 in another version. The character 「尟」 in 「尟克」 is now written as 「鲜」, pronounced xiǎn, as indicated by 「仙善反」, meaning few. The character 「怵」 is annotated as 「律反」, with the reverse-slicing upper character missing, and the character is pronounced chù. The term 「解怠」 refers to 「懈怠」, with 「解」 annotated as 「佳卖反」, pronounced xiè. The characters 「上下」 are both read as their original forms; Wang Su reads 「上」 as 「时掌反」, i.e., shǎng. The character 「离」 in 「非离」 is pronounced lì, as indicated by 「力智反」. The character 「应」 in 「相应」 is pronounced yìng, as in 「应对」, with a falling tone; all instances in the Zhouyi not otherwise annotated are read the same. The character 「湿」 in 「流湿」 is pronounced shī, as indicated by 「申入反」. The character 「燥」 in 「就燥」 has two pronunciations: 「苏早反」 is pronounced sǎo, and 「先皁反」 is pronounced zào. The character 「作」 in 「圣人作」 is read as its original form; Zheng Xuan explains it as arising, and Ma Rong's version directly uses 「起」.

而當（都浪反，易內皆同有異者別出）。故盡（津忍反）。當其（如字）。上治（直吏反，下及注同）。放逺（於萬反）。見而（賢遍反）。粹（雖遂反）。揮（音輝廣雅云動也，王肅云散也，本亦作輝義取光輝）。為行（下孟反，下之行行而皆同）。日可（人實反）。未見（賢遍反）。以辯（如字徐扶免反）。重剛（直龍反，下同）。夫大人（音符發端之字皆放此）。先天（悉薦反）。後天（胡豆反）。知喪（息浪反）。其唯聖人乎（王肅本作愚人後結始作聖人）。

The character "当" in "而当" is read as dàng, as indicated by the reverse-slicing pronunciation "都浪反." The same reading is used in The Zhou Changes. The character "尽" in "故尽" is read as jǐn, as indicated by "津忍反." The "当" in "当其" is read as the original character. The character "治" in "上治" is read as zhì, as indicated by "直吏反," and the same reading applies to the following text and annotations. The character "逺" in "放逺" is the same as "远," read as yuàn, meaning distant. The character "见" in "见而" is read as xiàn, as indicated by "贤遍反." The character "粹" is annotated as "虽遂反," read as suì. The character "挥" is pronounced "辉," read as huī; The Guangya explains it as movement, and Wang Su explains it as dispersion; some editions directly use "辉," taking the meaning of brightness. The character "行" in "为行" is read as xìng, as indicated by "下孟反," and the same reading applies to "之行" and "行而" in the following text. The character "日" in "日可" is read as rì, as indicated by "人实反." The character "见" in "未见" is read as xiàn, as indicated by "贤遍反." The character "辩" in "以辩" is read as the original character; Xu Maio reads it as "扶免反," i.e., biàn. The character "重" in "重刚" is read as chóng, as indicated by "直龙反," and the same reading applies to the following text. The character "夫" in "夫大人" is read as fú, as indicated by "符," and all instances of "夫" at the beginning of a sentence follow this reading. The character "先" in "先天" is read as xiàn, as indicated by "悉荐反." The character "后" in "后天" is read as hòu, as indicated by "胡豆反." The character "丧" in "知丧" is read as sàng, as indicated by "息浪反." In the sentence "其唯圣人乎," Wang Su's edition reads "愚人," and it is changed to "圣人" later in the conclusion.

坤（本又作巛巛今字也，同困魂反卦云順也，八純卦象地）。利牝（頻忍反，徐邈扶忍反又扶死反）。有攸（音由所也）。喪朋（息浪反，馬云失也，下及注並同）。必離（力智反）。無疆（或作壃同居良反下及注同）。必爭（爭之爭）。履霜（如字鄭讀履為禮）。積著（張慮反，眾經不音者皆同）。始凝（魚冰反）。馴（似遵反，向秀云從也，徐音訓此依鄭義）。任其（而鴆反，眾經皆同）。知光（音智注同）。不擅（善戰反，專也）。括（古活反，結也，方言云閉也，廣雅云塞也）。囊（乃剛反）。無譽（音餘又音預）。不造（七到反，又曹早反）。

The character 「坤」 is also written as 「巛」, which is the modern form, pronounced 「困魂反」, a phonetic annotation combining the initial sound of 「困」 and the rhyme and tone of 「魂」, pronounced kūn. The Hexagram Statement says that 「坤」 represents yielding and flexibility, and this hexagram is one of the eight pure hexagrams, symbolizing the earth. The character 「牝」 in 「利牝」 is pronounced 「频忍反」, which is pìn; Xu Miào reads it as 「扶忍反」, which is also 「扶死反」. The character 「攸」 in 「有攸」 is pronounced 「由」, meaning 「所」. The character 「丧」 in 「丧朋」 is pronounced 「息浪反」, which is sàng; Ma Rong explains it as 「失」, and the following text and annotations all agree. The character 「离」 in 「必离」 is pronounced 「力智反」, which is lì. The character 「疆」 in 「无疆」 is sometimes written as 「壃」, and is pronounced 「居良反」, which is jiāng, and the following text and annotations all agree. The character 「争」 in 「必争」 is pronounced as 「争斗」's 「争」. The character 「履」 in 「履霜」 is read as its original form; Zheng Xuan, however, reads it as 「礼」. The character 「着」 in 「积着」 is pronounced 「张虑反」, which is zhù, and this is the same in all other classical texts where it is not separately explained. The character 「凝」 in 「始凝」 is pronounced 「鱼冰反」, which is níng. The character 「驯」 is annotated as 「似遵反」, pronounced xún; Xiang Xiu explains it as 「顺从」, Xu Miào pronounces it as 「训」, and here we follow Zheng Xuan's interpretation. The character 「任」 in 「任其」 is pronounced 「而鸩反」, which is rèn, and this is the same in all other classical texts. The character 「知」 in 「知光」 is pronounced 「智」, which is zhì, and the annotations agree. The character 「擅」 in 「不擅」 is pronounced 「善战反」, which is shàn, meaning to act arbitrarily. The character 「括」 is annotated as 「古活反」, pronounced kuò, meaning to tie up; the 「Dialects」 text explains it as 「闭」, and the 「Guangya」 explains it as 「塞」. The character 「囊」 is annotated as 「乃刚反」, pronounced náng. The character 「誉」 in 「无誉」 is pronounced 「余」, and also 「预」. The character 「造」 in 「不造」 is pronounced 「七到反」 and also 「曹早反」, and today it is read as zào.

否（皮鄙反）。閉（心計反，字林方結反云闔也）。施愼（並如字愼謹也，象詞同，本或作順非）。之飾（申職反，本或作餝俗字）。坤至柔（本或有文言曰者）。為邪（似嗟反）。餘殃（於良反，鄭云禍惡也，文云凶也）。臣弒（式志反，本或作殺音同下同）。由辯（如字馬云別也，荀作變）。言順（如字）。直方大不習無不利則不疑其所行（張璠本此上有易曰眾家皆無）。木蕃（伐反）。而暢（勑亮反）。陰疑（如字荀虞姚信蜀才本作凝）。為其（於偽反，注為其同）。嫌（戸謙反，注同鄭作謙荀虞陸董作嗛）。未離（力智反）。

"Fu" is annotated as "pi bi fan," a reverse-sound annotation, read as pǐ. "Bi" is annotated as "xin ji fan," read as bì; the "Zi Lin" reads "fang jie fan," explaining it as "he." The characters "shi shen" are both read as their original forms; "shen" means carefulness, and the wording in the "Image Commentary" is the same. Some versions read "shun" instead, which is incorrect. The character "shi" in "zhi shi" is annotated as "shen zhi fan," read as shì; some versions read "xie," which is a vulgar form. In the sentence "Kun zhi rou," some versions have the three characters "wen yan yue" before it. The character "xie" in "wei xie" is annotated as "si jie fan," read as xié. The character "yang" in "yu yang" is annotated as "yu liang fan," read as yāng; Zheng Xuan explains it as calamity, and the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" explains it as misfortune. The character "shi" in "chen shi" is annotated as "shi zhi fan," read as shì; some versions read "sha," which has the same pronunciation, and the same applies to the following text. The character "bian" in "you bian" is read as its original form; Ma Rong explains it as distinction, and the version by Xun Shuang reads "bian." The character "shun" in "yan shun" is read as its original form. In the sentence "zhi fang da, bu xi wu bu li, ze bu yi qi xing xing," Zhang Fan's version has the two characters "yi yue" above this sentence, while other versions do not. The character "fan" in "mu fan" is annotated as "fa fan," a reverse-sound annotation, with the first character of the reverse-sound missing, and the character is read as fán. The character "chang" in "er chang" is annotated as "chi liang fan," read as chang. The character "yi" in "yin yi" is read as its original form; the versions by Xun Shuang, Yu Fan, Yao Xin, and Shu Cai read "ning." The character "wei" in "wei qi" is annotated as "yu wei fan," read as wei, and the "wei" in the annotation is the same. The character "xian" is annotated as "hu qian fan," read as xian, and the annotation is the same; Zheng Xuan's version reads "qian," and the versions by Xun Shuang, Yu Fan, Lu Ji, and Dong Yu read "qian." The character "li" in "wei li" is annotated as "li zhi fan," read as li.

屯（張倫反，難也，盈也，坎宮二世卦）。則否（備鄙反）。得主則定（本亦作則寧）。而難（乃旦反，卦內除六二注難可餘並同賈逵注周語云畏憚也）。天造（徂早反，注同）。草昧（音妹廣雅云草造也，董云草昧微物）。而不寧（而辭也，鄭讀而曰能能猶安也）。經論（音倫鄭如字謂論撰書禮樂施政事黃穎云經論匡濟也，本亦作綸）。

The hexagram "Zun" is annotated with "Zhang Lun Fan," which is a reverse-sound annotation. It combines the initial sound of "Zhang" with the rhyme and tone of "Lun," resulting in the pronunciation zhuun. It is explained as meaning hardship and also as meaning fullness. This hexagram is the second generation hexagram of the Kan palace. The "pǐ" in "zé pǐ" is annotated as "Bei Bi Fan," which is pronounced pǐ. "De zhu then ding" is sometimes written as "zé ning" in other versions. The "nan" in "er nan" is annotated as "Nai Dan Fan," which is pronounced nàn. Except for the annotation "nan ke" in line six two, all other instances of "nan" in the primary hexagram are pronounced nàn. Jia Kui's annotation of "Guoyu · Zhouyu" says that "nan" means fear. The "zao" in "tian zao" is annotated as "Cu Zao Fan," which is pronounced zào, and the annotation is the same. The "mei" in "cao mei" is pronounced mèi. The "cao" in "cao mei" is explained by Guangya as meaning creation. Dong Yu says that "cao mei" refers to small things. The "er" in "er bu ning" is a particle. Zheng Xuan reads "er" as "neng," meaning peace. The "lun" in "jing lun" is pronounced "lun." Zheng Xuan reads it as the original pronunciation, explaining it as discussing and compiling classics, rites and music, and government affairs. Huang Ying says "jing lun" means to save the world. Some versions read it as "lun."

盤（本亦作盤又作盤歩乾反）。桓（馬云盤旋也）。晏安（本又作宴各依字晏一諫反宴一見反）。下賤（遐嫁反）。屯如（子夏傳云如辭也）。邅如（張連反，馬云難行不進之貌）。乗馬（繩證反，四馬曰乗下及注並同鄭云馬牝牡曰乗子夏傳音繩）。班如（如字子夏傳云相牽不進貌鄭本作般）。媾（古後反，馬云重㛰本作冓鄭云猶會，本或作構者非）。相近（附近之近下近五同又如字）。即鹿（王肅作麓云山足）。君子幾（徐音祈辭也，注同又音機近也，速也，鄭作機云弩牙也）。

The character 「盘」 is sometimes written as 「槃」 in other versions, both pronounced 「歩干反」, which is a reverse-slicing phonetic annotation, read as pán. The character 「桓」, according to Ma Rong, refers to the appearance of winding and not advancing. The character 「晏」 in 「晏安」 is sometimes written as 「宴」, and each version is read according to its own character: 「晏」 is read 「一谏反」, meaning yàn, and 「宴」 is read 「一见反」, also meaning yàn. The character 「下」 in 「下贱」 is read 「遐嫁反」, meaning xià. The character 「如」 in 「屯如」, according to Zixia's Commentary on the Changes, is a grammatical particle. The character 「邅」 in 「邅如」 is read 「张连反」, meaning zhān; Ma Rong says it refers to difficulty in advancing. The character 「乗」 in 「乗马」 is read 「绳证反」, meaning shèng, as four horses make one 「乘」, and the following text and annotations use the same pronunciation; Zheng Xuan says that 「乗」 refers to a horse with both male and female; Zixia's Commentary on the Changes pronounces it as 「绳」. The character 「班」 in 「班如」 is read as the original character; Zixia's Commentary on the Changes says it refers to being tied together and not advancing, while Zheng Xuan's version writes it as 「般」. The character 「媾」 is annotated as 「古后反」, meaning gòu; Ma Rong says it refers to polygamy, and the original character is 「冓」; Zheng Xuan says it means meeting or coming together; some versions write it as 「构」, which is incorrect. The character 「近」 in 「相近」 is read as 「附近」's 「近」, and the 「近」 in 「近五」 is the same, and can also be read as the original character. The character 「鹿」 in 「即鹿」 is written as 「麓」 in Wang Su's version, meaning mountain foot. The character 「几」 in 「君子几」 is pronounced 「祈」 by Xu Miao, meaning a grammatical particle, and the annotation uses the same pronunciation; it is also pronounced 「机」, meaning near or quick; Zheng Xuan's version writes it as 「机」, meaning the tooth of a crossbow.

如舎（式夜反，止也，注下同徐音舍）。往吝（力刃反，又力愼反馬云恨也）。雖比（毗志反，下皆同）。之易（以豉反）。不揆（葵癸反）。以從（如字鄭黃於用反）。合好（呼報反，下同）。恢弘（苦回反，大也）。博施（式豉反，及下文皆同）。拯（拯救之拯）。亨於（許庚反）。他閒（閒廁之閒）。漣如（音連文云泣下也）。應援（於眷反，又音）。闉（音因塞也，春秋傳云當陳隧者井堙木刋是也）。厄（於革反，又於賣反）。委仰（如字又魚亮反）。長也（直良反）。

The character 「舎」 in 「如舎」 is pronounced shè, as indicated by the reverse-sounding annotation 「式夜反」; it means to stop. The same annotation and subsequent text use this pronunciation. The character 「吝」 in 「往吝」 is pronounced lìn, as indicated by 「力刃反」, and also lìn, as indicated by 「力愼反」; Zheng Xuan and Ma Rong explain it as regret. The character 「比」 in 「虽比」 is pronounced bì, as indicated by 「毗志反」, and the same pronunciation is used in the following text. The character 「易」 in 「之易」 is pronounced yì, as indicated by 「以豉反」. The character 「揆」 in 「不揆」 is pronounced kuí, as indicated by 「葵癸反」. The character 「从」 in 「以从」 is read as the original character, and Zheng Xuan and Huang Ying read it as yú yòng. The character 「好」 in 「合好」 is pronounced hào, as indicated by 「呼报反」, and the same pronunciation is used in the following text. The character 「恢」 in 「恢弘」 is pronounced huī, as indicated by 「苦回反」, and it means great. The character 「施」 in 「博施」 is pronounced shì, as indicated by 「式豉反」, and the same pronunciation is used in the following text. The character 「拯」 is read as zhěng, as in 「拯救」. The character 「亨」 in 「亨于」 is pronounced hēng, as indicated by 「许庚反」. The character 「闲」 in 「他闲」 is read as xián cè, as in 「闲厕」. The character 「涟」 in 「涟如」 is pronounced lián; the Shuowen Jiezi says it refers to the appearance of tears flowing down. The character 「援」 in 「應援」 is pronounced yuàn, as indicated by 「于眷反」, and there is another pronunciation, but the text is missing. The character 「闉」 is pronounced yīn, meaning blocked; the Spring and Autumn Zuo Zhuan says 「when the well was filled with earth and the tree was cut down」, using this meaning. The character 「厄」 is annotated as yú gé, pronounced è, and also yú mài. The character 「仰」 in 「委仰」 is read as the original character, and also yú liàng. The character 「长」 in 「长也」 is pronounced zhí liáng, meaning long.

蒙（莫公反，濛濛也，稚也，稽覽圖云無以敎天下曰蒙方言云蒙萌也，離宮四世卦）。童（如字字書作僮鄭云未冠之稱廣雅云痴也）。筮（市制反，決也，鄭云問）。告（古毒反，示也，語也）。再三（息暫反，又如字）。瀆（音獨亂也，鄭云䙝也）。則復（扶又反）。能斷（丁亂反）。夫疑（音扶六五注同）。閡山（五代反）。時中（張仲反，注時中決中同又如字和也）。童蒙求我（一本作來求我）。不諮（本亦作諮又作資並通）。果行（下孟反，注及六三注象同）。

The annotation for 「蒙」 says 「莫公反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation, pronounced méng. It is explained as meaning ignorance or confusion, and also as meaning childishness. The 「Keliantu」 says 「without teaching the world it is called 蒙」, and the 「Fangyan」 says 「蒙」 is the same as 「萌」. This hexagram is the fourth generation hexagram of the Li trigram. 「童」 is read as the original character; in dictionaries it is written as 「僮」. Zheng Xuan says it refers to a person who has not yet received the hat ceremony. The 「Guangya」 explains it as meaning foolish. 「筮」 is annotated 「市制反」, pronounced shì, and is explained as meaning decision. Zheng Xuan explains it as meaning to ask. 「告」 is annotated 「古毒反」, pronounced gù, and is explained as meaning to show or to speak. The 「三」 in 「再三」 is annotated 「息暂反」, pronounced sàn, and can also be read as the original character. 「渎」 is pronounced 「独」, and is explained as meaning disorder. Zheng Xuan explains it as meaning disrespectful. The 「复」 in 「则复」 is annotated 「扶又反」, pronounced fù. The 「断」 in 「能断」 is annotated 「丁乱反」, pronounced duàn. The 「夫」 in 「夫疑」 is pronounced 「扶」, read as fú, same as in the annotation of the sixth line five. The 「阂」 in 「阂山」 is annotated 「五代反」, pronounced ài. The 「中」 in 「时中」 is annotated 「张仲反」, pronounced zhòng, same as in 「决中」 in the annotation; it can also be read as the original character, meaning harmony. 「童蒙求我」 is sometimes written as 「来求我」. The 「谘」 in 「不谘」 is sometimes written as 「咨」 or 「资」, all of which are acceptable. The 「行」 in 「果行」 is annotated 「下孟反」, pronounced xìng, same as in the annotation of the third line and the 「Image Commentary」.

用（吐活反，注同徐又音稅）。桎（音質）。梏（古毒反，在足曰桎在手曰梏小爾雅云杻謂之梏械謂之桎杻音丑）。所惡（烏路反）。包蒙（如字鄭云苞當作彪彪文也）。用取（七住反，本又作娶下及注同）。獨逺（於萬反，下文同）。能比（毗志反）。以巽（音遜鄭云當作遜）。擊蒙（經歷反，王肅云治也，馬鄭作繫）。擊去（起呂反，下同）。為之（於偽反，又如字）。扞（胡旦反）。御（魚呂反，本又作衛）。

The character "用" above has a missing character; the annotation says "tuō", which is a reverse-sound annotation, read as tuō, meaning "say" is homophonous with "remove". The annotation is the same. Xu Miao also pronounces it as "shui". The character "桎" is pronounced "zhi", read as zhì. The character "梏" is annotated as "gǔ", read as gù; restraints on the feet are called "桎", and those on the hands are called "梏"; the "Xiaoyi" says "chou" is called "梏", and "xiè" is called "桎", "chou" is pronounced "chou". The character "恶" in "所恶" is annotated as "wu lu fan", read as wù. The character "包" in "包蒙" is read as is. Zheng Xuan says "bao" should be "biao", "biao" means ornamentation. The character "取" in "用取" is annotated as "qi zhu fan", read as qǔ; some editions read it as "qu", the following text and annotations are the same. The character "逺" in "独逺" is "远", annotated as "yu wan fan", read as yuàn, the following text is the same. The character "比" in "能比" is annotated as "pi zhi fan", read as bì. The character "巽" in "以巽" is pronounced "xun", read as xùn; Zheng Xuan says it should be "xun". The character "击" in "击蒙" is annotated as "ji li jie fan", read as jī; Wang Su explains it as "govern", and the editions of Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan read it as "xi". The character "去" in "击去" is annotated as "qi lv fan", read as qù, the following text is the same. The character "为" in "为之" is annotated as "yu wei fan", read as wèi, it can also be read as is. The character "扞" is annotated as "hu dan fan", read as hàn. The character "御" is annotated as "yu lv fan", read as yù; some editions read it as "wei".

需（音須字從兩重而者非飲食之道也，訓養鄭讀為秀解云陽氣秀而不直前者畏上坎也，坤宮游魂卦）。有孚（徐音敷信也，又作旉）。光（師讀絶句）。亨貞吉（一句馬鄭揔為一句）。不陷（陷沒之陷）。位乎（如字鄭音蒞）。雲上（時掌反，干寶云升也）。於天（王肅本作雲在天上）。宴（烏練反，徐烏殄反安也，下同鄭云享宴也，李烏衍反）。樂（音洛注同）。

The character 「需」 is pronounced 「xū」; its form consists of 「雨」 and 「而」, and writing it with two 「而」 characters is incorrect. This hexagram discusses the way of food and drink, and is interpreted as 「养」. Zheng Xuan reads it as 「秀」, explaining that the yang energy emerges but does not proceed directly forward because it fears the danger of the upper trigram Kan. This hexagram is a wandering ghost hexagram in the Hexagram of Earth. The character 「孚」 in 「有孚」 is pronounced 「fū」 by Xu Miao, meaning trust; 「孚」 can also be written as 「旉」. The character 「光」 is interpreted by the Master as a pause in the sentence. The three characters 「亨贞吉」 form one sentence; Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan, however, treat 「光亨贞吉」 as a single sentence. The character 「陷」 in 「不陷」 is pronounced as 「xiàn mò」, meaning to be submerged. The character 「位」 in 「位乎」 is read as written; Zheng Xuan pronounces it 「lì」. The character 「上」 in 「云上」 is pronounced 「shǎng」, as in 「shǎng fǎn」, and is interpreted by Gan Bao as rising. In the sentence 「于天」, Wang Su's version reads 「云在天上」. The character 「宴」 is annotated as 「wū liàn fǎn」, pronounced 「yàn」; Xu Miao reads it as 「wū zhěn fǎn」, meaning peace, with the same interpretation following; Zheng Xuan says it refers to a banquet. The character 「乐」 is pronounced 「luò」, read as 「lè」, with the annotations agreeing.

最逺（萬反，下逺險同）。於難（乃旦反，下及文皆同）。利用恆未失常也（本亦有無咎者）。於沙（如字鄭作沚）。轉近（附近之近）。後時（胡豆反）。衍在（以善反，徐怡戰反）。致寇（如字鄭王肅本作戎）。則闢（音避下同）。己得（音紀又音巳）。所復（扶又反）。不速（如字馬云召也，釋詁云疾也，釋言云征也，召也）。

The character 「逺」 in 「最逿」 is the same as 「远」, with the annotation 「万反」, the first character of the reverse-slicing is missing, and the character is read as yuàn. The 「逿」 in 「逿險」 is also read as yuàn. The 「难」 in 「于难」 is annotated with 「乃旦反」, which is reverse-slicing for pronunciation, read as nàn. The same pronunciation is used in the following text and in the text of the 「彖」 and 「象」. The sentence 「利用恒，未失常也」 in some versions also includes the characters 「无咎」. The character 「沙」 in 「于沙」 is read as the original character; in Zheng Xuan's version, it is written as 「沚」. The character 「近」 in 「转近」 is read as the same as 「附近」's 「近」. The character 「后」 in 「后时」 is annotated with 「胡豆反」, read as hòu. The character 「衍」 in 「衍在」 is annotated with 「以善反」, read as yǎn; Xu Mi reads it as 「怡战反」. The character 「寇」 in 「致寇」 is read as the original character; in Zheng Xuan's and Wang Su's versions, it is written as 「戎」. The character 「辟」 in 「则辟」 is pronounced as 「避」, read as bì, and the same pronunciation is used in the following text. The character 「己」 in 「己得」 is pronounced as 「纪」, and also as 「巳」. The character 「复」 in 「所复」 is annotated with 「扶又反」, read as fù. The character 「速」 in 「不速」 is read as the original character; Ma Rong explains it as 「召」, the 「尔雅·释诂」 explains it as 「疾」, and the 「尔雅·释言」 explains it as 「征」 or 「召」.

訟（才用反，爭也，言之於公也，鄭云辯則曰訟離宮游魂卦）。窒（張栗反，徐得悉反又得失反馬作咥云讀為躓猶止也，鄭云咥覺悔貌）。惕（湯歷反，王注或在惕字上或在下皆通在中吉下者非）。中（如字馬丁仲反）。吉（有孚窒一句惕中吉一句）。渉難（乃旦反）。猶復（扶又反，下同）。不枉（紆往反）。而令（力呈反）。正夫（音符下注同）。斷不（丁亂反，下注並同）。契之（苦計反，下同）。其分（符問反）。相濫（力暫反）。爭何（爭之爭）。陰和（胡臥反）。而逋（補吳反，徐方吳反）。

The annotation for 「讼」 says 「才用反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation, combining the initial sound of 「才」 with the rhyme and tone of 「用」, resulting in the pronunciation sòng. It is explained as meaning to dispute, referring to bringing a dispute before an official; Zheng Xuan says that to argue is called 「讼」; this hexagram is a wandering ghost hexagram of the fire trigram. The annotation for 「窒」 says 「张栗反」, which is pronounced zhì; Xu Miào reads it as 「得悉反」, which is also 「得失反」; Ma Rong's version reads it as 「咥」, saying it should be read as 「踬」, meaning to stop; Zheng Xuan says it refers to the appearance of being startled and realizing one's mistake. The annotation for 「惕」 says 「汤历反」, which is pronounced tì; Wang Bi's annotations are sometimes placed above the character 「惕」 and sometimes below, both interpretations are acceptable, but placing them below 「中吉」 is incorrect. The character 「中」 is read as it is; Ma Rong reads it as 「丁仲反」, which is zhòng. The sentence division for 「吉」 is: 「有孚窒」 is one sentence, and 「惕中吉」 is another. The character 「难」 in 「渉难」 is read as 「乃旦反」, which is nàn. The character 「复」 in 「犹复」 is read as 「扶又反」, which is fù, and the same applies below. The character 「枉」 in 「不枉」 is read as 「纡往反」, which is wǎng. The character 「令」 in 「而令」 is read as 「力呈反」, which is líng. The character 「夫」 in 「正夫」 is pronounced 「符」, which is fú, and the same applies in the annotations below. The character 「断」 in 「断不」 is read as 「丁乱反」, which is duàn, and the same applies in the annotations below. The character 「契」 in 「契之」 is read as 「苦计反」, which is qì, and the same applies below. The character 「分」 in 「其分」 is read as 「符问反」, which is fèn. The character 「滥」 in 「相滥」 is read as 「力暂反」, which is làn. The character 「争」 in 「争何」 is read as the 「争」 in 「争斗」. The character 「和」 in 「阴和」 is read as 「胡卧反」, which is hè. The character 「逋」 in 「而逋」 is read as 「补吴反」, which is bū; Xu Miào reads it as 「方吴反」.

眚（生領反，子夏傳云妖祥曰眚馬云災也，鄭云過也）。下物（遐嫁反）。竄（七亂反，徐又七外反逃也）。掇（徐都活反文云拾取也，鄭本作惙陟劣反憂也）。忤也（五故反）。復即（音服後同者更不音）。渝（以朱反，變也，馬同鄭云然也）。不邪（似嗟反）。錫（星曆反，又星自反賜也）。鞶（歩乾反，馬云大也，徐云王肅作盤）。（音帶亦作帶）。終朝（馬云旦至食時為終朝）。三（息暫反，注同或如字）。褫（徐敕紙反又直是反，本又作音同王肅云解也，鄭本作拕徒可反）。

The character 「眚」is annotated as 「生领反」, a phonetic annotation indicating the pronunciation is shěng. 《Zixia's Commentary on the Changes》says that妖祥 is called 眚, while Ma Rong explains it as 灾 and Zheng Xuan explains it as 过失. The character 「下」in 「下物」is annotated as 「遐嫁反」, which is read as xià. 「窜」is annotated as 「七乱反」, read as cuàn; Xu Mi also reads it as 「七外反」, explaining it as 逃. The character 「掇」is read by Xu Mi as 「都活反」, i.e., duō; 《Shuo Wen Jie Zi》explains it as 拾取; Zheng Xuan's version is 「惙」, read as 「陟劣反」, i.e., chuò, explaining it as 忧. The character 「忤」in 「忤也」is annotated as 「五故反」, read as wù. The character 「复」in 「复即」is pronounced as 「服」, read as fù, and the same pronunciation is used in later texts without further annotation. The character 「渝」is annotated as 「以朱反」, read as yú, explained as 变; Ma Rong agrees, while Zheng Xuan explains it as 「然」. The character 「邪」in 「不邪」is annotated as 「似嗟反」, read as xié. The character 「锡」is annotated as 「星历反」, read as xī, and also read as 「星自反」, explained as 赐. The character 「鞶」is annotated as 「歩干反」, read as pán; Ma Rong explains it as 大; Xu Mi says Wang Su's version is 「盘」. The next character's head is missing, annotated as 「音带」, and the character is also written as 「带」, read as dài. 「终朝」is explained by Ma Rong as from dawn to breakfast time. The character 「三」is annotated as 「息暂反」, read as sàn, the annotation is the same, and it can also be read as the original character. The character 「褫」is read by Xu Mi as 「敕纸反」, i.e., chǐ, and also as 「直是反」; some versions have a variant character with the same pronunciation; Wang Su explains it as 解; Zheng Xuan's version is 「拕」, read as 「徒可反」, i.e., tuǒ.

師（云眾也，馬云二千五百人為師坎宮歸魂卦）。貞丈人（絶句丈人嚴莊之稱鄭云能以法度長於人）。之稱（尺證反）。以王（如字物歸往也，徐又往況反）。毒（徒篤反，役也，馬云治也）。畜眾（敕六反，聚也，王肅許六反養也）。否（音鄙惡也，注同馬鄭王肅方有反）。臧（作郎反，善也）。三錫（星曆反，徐音賜鄭本作賜）。天寵（如字鄭云光耀也，王肅作龍云寵也）。背髙（音佩）。有禽（徐本作擒）。長子（丁丈反，注及下同）。軍帥（色類反）。

"The hexagram 'Military' (师) is described in the hexagram statement as 'a multitude.' Ma Rong says that two thousand five hundred people make up a military unit. This hexagram is a returning soul hexagram of the Water trigram. 'Zhen Zhangren' is taken as a phrase, with 'Zhangren' being a respectful term for someone solemn and upright. Zheng Xuan explains that 'Zhangren' refers to someone who can govern people according to laws and regulations. The character 'cheng' in 'zhi cheng' is pronounced with a reverse phonetic annotation 'chi zheng fan,' which is read as chèng. The character 'wang' in 'yi wang' is read as the original character, meaning to lead all things; Xu Miao reads it as 'wang kuang fan,' which is wàng. The character 'du' is annotated as 'tu du fan,' read as dú, meaning to serve or be used. Ma Rong explains it as 'to govern.' The character 'xu' in 'xu zhong' is pronounced 'chi liu fan,' read as chù, meaning to gather; Wang Su reads it as 'xu liu fan,' which is xù, meaning to nurture. The character 'pu' is pronounced 'bi,' meaning evil; the annotation is the same. Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, and Wang Su read it as 'fang you fan,' which is fǒu. The character 'zang' is annotated as 'zuo lang fan,' read as zāng, meaning good. The character 'xi' in 'san xi' is pronounced 'xing li fan,' read as xī; Xu Miao pronounces it as 'ci,' and Zheng Xuan's version directly uses 'ci.' The character 'chong' in 'tian chong' is read as the original character; Zheng Xuan explains it as 'glory,' while Wang Su's version uses 'long,' explaining that 'long' means 'favor.' The character 'bei' in 'bei gao' is pronounced 'pei,' read as bèi. The character 'qin' in 'you qin' is in Xu Miao's version as 'qin.' The character 'chang' in 'chang zi' is pronounced 'ding zhang fan,' read as zhǎng, with the annotation and following text the same. The character 'shuai' in 'jun shuai' is pronounced 'se lue fan,' read as shuài."

比（毗志反，卦內並同云輔也，序卦云比比也，子夏傳云地得水而柔水得地而流故曰比徐又補履反坤宮歸魂卦）。凶邪（似嗟反）。求有（本亦作求得）。其炎（於廉反）。缶（方有反，瓦器也，鄭云汲器也，爾雅云盎謂之缶）。有它（敕多反，本亦作他）。匪人（非反，馬云匪非也，王肅本作匪人凶）。三驅（匡愚反，徐云鄭作驅馬云三驅者一曰乾豆二曰賓客三曰君庖）。狹矣（戶夾反）。則舎（音赦又音舍）。背己（音佩）。則射（食亦反）。惡而（烏路反）。舎逆（音舍）。

The annotation 「比」 is given as 「毗志反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation. It combines the initial sound of 「毗」 with the rhyme and tone of 「志」, resulting in the pronunciation bì. All terms within the hexagram are pronounced in the same way, and the hexagram statement explains 「比」 as assistance. The 「Sequence of Hexagrams」 states that 「比」 means to be close and attached. Zixia's Commentary on the Changes says that earth receives water and becomes moist and soft, while water receives earth and flows, hence the term 「比」. Xu Miao also reads it as 「补履反」. This hexagram is a returning soul hexagram of the Earth hexagram. The character 「邪」 in 「凶邪」 is annotated as 「似嗟反」, which is pronounced xié. The phrase 「求有」 is sometimes written as 「求得」 in other versions. The character 「炎」 in 「其炎」 is annotated as 「于廉反」, pronounced yán. The character 「缶」 is annotated as 「方有反」, pronounced fǒu, referring to a type of pottery vessel; Zheng Xuan says it is a vessel for drawing water; the 「Er Ya」 says that 「盎」 is called 「缶」. The character 「它」 in 「有它」 is annotated as 「敕多反」, pronounced tā; some versions read it as 「他」. The character 「匪」 in 「匪人」 is annotated as 「非反」, with the initial character of the reverse-sound annotation missing; Ma Rong says 「匪」 means 「非」; Wang Su's version reads 「匪人凶」. The character 「驱」 in 「三驱」 is annotated as 「匡愚反」, pronounced qū; Xu Miao says Zheng Xuan's version reads 「驱」; Ma Rong explains the use of three types of driving: one for the ritual offering of dried meat and millet, another for feasting guests, and the third for filling the royal kitchen. The character 「狭」 in 「狭矣」 is annotated as 「户夹反」, pronounced xiá. The character 「舎」 in 「则舎」 is pronounced 「赦」, or 「舍」. The character 「背」 in 「背己」 is pronounced 「佩」, read as bèi. The character 「射」 in 「则射」 is annotated as 「食亦反」, pronounced shè. The character 「恶」 in 「恶而」 is annotated as 「乌路反」, pronounced wù. The character 「舎」 in 「舎逆」 is pronounced 「舍」.

小畜（本又作蓄同敕六反積也，聚也，卦內皆同鄭許六反養也，巽宮一世卦）。施未（始豉反，注皆同）。陽上（時掌反）。蒸（職膺反）。車說（吐活反，下文並注並同文云解也）。輻也（音福）。雖復（扶又反，上九注同）。輿（音餘）。輻（音福，本亦作輹音服馬云車下縛也，鄭云伏菟）。陰長（丁丈反，下同）。血（如字馬云當作恤憂也）。去（起呂反，注同）。亦惡（烏路反，履卦同）。攣（力專反，馬云連也，徐又力轉反子夏傳作戀云思也）。幾（徐音祈又音機注同子夏傳作近）。唯泰也則然（一本作然則讀即以也，字絶句）。有難（乃旦反）。可盡（津忍反）。

The character "畜" in "小畜" is sometimes written as "蓄," both pronounced "chì liù fǎn," which is a reverse-sound annotation meaning "chù," meaning accumulation or gathering; the meaning within the hexagram is consistent. Zheng Xuan pronounces it "xǔ liù fǎn," meaning "xù," which refers to nurturing. This hexagram is the first in the Xun palace. The character "施" in "施未" is pronounced "shì," as indicated by "shǐ chǐ fǎn," and the annotations are consistent. The character "上" in "阳上" is pronounced "shǎng," as indicated by "shí zhǎng fǎn." The character "蒸" is annotated as "zhēng," as indicated by "zhí yīng fǎn." The character "说" in "车说" is pronounced "tuō," as indicated by "tǔ huó fǎn," meaning "to remove," and is the same in the following text and annotations. The character "辐" is pronounced "fú," as indicated by "fú fú fǎn." The character "复" in "虽复" is pronounced "fù," as indicated by "fú yòu fǎn," and the annotation for the upper nine is the same. The character "舆" is pronounced "yú," as indicated by "yú yú fǎn." The character "辐" is pronounced "fú," as indicated by "fú fú fǎn," while some versions write it as "輹," pronounced "fú," which is the wooden binding under the carriage, according to Ma Rong, and Zheng Xuan says it refers to "fu tu." The character "长" in "阴长" is pronounced "zhǎng," as indicated by "dīng zhàng fǎn," and the following text is consistent. The character "血" is read as is; Ma Rong says it should be "恤," meaning sorrow. The character "去" is annotated as "qù," as indicated by "qǐ lǚ fǎn," and the annotations are consistent. The character "恶" in "亦恶" is pronounced "wù," as indicated by "wū lù fǎn," and is the same as in the "Lǚ" hexagram. The character "挛" is annotated as "luán," as indicated by "lì zhuān fǎn," and Ma Rong explains it as "lián"; Xu Miao pronounces it "lì zhuǎn fǎn"; the "Zixia Commentary on the Changes" writes it as "liàn," meaning thought. The character "几" is pronounced "qí" by Xu Miao, and also "jī," as indicated by the annotations; the "Zixia Commentary on the Changes" writes it as "jìn." The phrase "唯泰也则然" is written in another version as "然则," and when read, the "也" character is used to separate the sentence. The character "难" in "有难" is pronounced "nàn," as indicated by "nǎi dàn fǎn." The character "尽" in "可尽" is pronounced "jǐn," as indicated by "jīn rěn fǎn."

履（利恥反，禮也，艮宮五世卦）。咥（直結反，齧也，馬云齕）。而（音恱注及後同）。行夫（音符下同）。佞邪（似嗟反）。疚（久又反，馬云病也，陸本作疾）。坦坦（吐但反，文云安也，廣雅云平也，明也，蒼頡篇云著也）。不憙（虛備反，又音喜）。險厄（於革反，又作戹）。眇（妙小反，字書云盲也，文云小目）。跛（波我反，足跛也，依字作破）。不修（本又作循）。行未（下孟反）。愬愬（山革反，子夏傳云恐懼貌何休注公羊傳云驚愕也，馬本作虩虩音許逆反云恐懼也，文同廣雅云懼也）。逼近（附近之近）。夬（古快反）。考祥（本亦作詳）。

The annotation for 「履」is 「利耻反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation, read as lǚ, meaning ritual; this hexagram is the fifth generation hexagram of the mountain (Gèn) trigram. The annotation for 「咥」is 「直结反」, read as dié, meaning to bite; Ma Rong interprets it as to gnaw. The first character of the next annotation is missing, and the annotation is 「音恱」, read as yuè, the same as the annotation and subsequent text. The 「夫」in 「行夫」is pronounced 「符」, read as fú, the same in the following text. The 「邪」in 「佞邪」is annotated 「似嗟反」, read as xié. The annotation for 「疚」is 「久又反」, read as jiù; Ma Rong interprets it as illness; Lu Ji's version reads 「疾」. The 「坦」in 「坦坦」is annotated 「吐但反」, read as tǎn; the Shuo Wen Jie Zi explains it as peace, the Guang Ya explains it as level and bright, and the Cang Jie Pian explains it as to be attached. The 「憙」in 「不憙」is annotated 「虚备反」, read as xì, also pronounced 「喜」. The 「厄」in 「险厄」is annotated 「于革反」, read as è, also written as 「戹」. The 「眇」is annotated 「妙小反」, read as miǎo; the character dictionary explains it as blind, and the Shuo Wen Jie Zi says it means small eyes. The 「跛」is annotated 「波我反」, read as bǒ, meaning to limp; according to the character form, it should be 「破」. The 「修」in 「不修」is read in some versions as 「循」. The 「行」in 「行未」is annotated 「下孟反」, read as xìng. The 「愬」in 「愬愬」is annotated 「山革反」, read as sù; the Zixia Commentary on the Changes says it means the appearance of fear, and He Xiu's commentary on the Gongyang Zhuan says it means alarm; Ma Rong's version reads 「虩虩」, pronounced 「许逆反」, that is xì, meaning fear, the Shuo Wen Jie Zi is the same, and the Guang Ya explains it as fear. The 「近」in 「逼近」is read as the 「近」in 「附近」. The 「夬」is annotated 「古快反」, read as guài. The 「祥」in 「考祥」is read in some versions as 「详」.

周易上經泰傳第二泰（如字大通也，鄭云通也，馬云大也，坤宮三世卦）。道長（丁丈反）。財成（音才徐才載反荀作裁）。輔相（息亮反，注同）。以左（音佐注同）。右民（音佑注同左右助也）。拔（蒲八反）。茅（卯交反，鄭音苗）。茹（汝據反，牽引也，鄒湛同王肅音如）。彚（音胃類也，李於反傅氏注云彚古偉字美也，古文作董作夤出也，鄭云勤也）。包（本又作苞必交反下卦同音薄交反）。荒（本亦作㐬音同鄭注禮云穢也，文水廣也，又大也，鄭讀為康云虛也）。

This passage begins with the title of the chapter 「The Zhou Changes (I Ching) Upper Classic, The Book of Great Communication, Second Transmission.」 The character 「泰」 is read as it is written, meaning great communication; Zheng Xuan interprets it as communication, while Ma Rong interprets it as great. This hexagram is the third generation hexagram of the Earthly Trigram. The character 「长」 in 「道长」 is annotated with a reverse-sound note 「丁丈反」, which is read as zhǎng. The character 「财」 in 「财成」 is pronounced 「才」; Xu Miao reads it as 「才载反」, which is zài; Xun Shuang's version reads it as 「裁」. The character 「相」 in 「辅相」 is annotated with a reverse-sound note 「息亮反」, which is read as xiàng, and the annotation is the same. The character 「左」 in 「以左」 is pronounced 「佐」, read as zuǒ, and the annotation is the same. The character 「右」 in 「右民」 is pronounced 「佑」, read as yòu, and the annotation is the same; both 「左」 and 「右」 mean auxiliary. The character 「拔」 is annotated with a reverse-sound note 「蒲八反」, read as bá. The character 「茅」 is annotated with a reverse-sound note 「卯交反」, read as máo; Zheng Xuan pronounces it as 「苗」. The character 「茹」 is annotated with a reverse-sound note 「汝据反」, read as rù, meaning to pull or draw; Zou Zhan reads it the same, while Wang Su pronounces it as 「如」. The character 「彚」 is the same as 「彙」, pronounced 「胃」, meaning category; Li Gui has another pronunciation, but the reverse-sound note is missing; Fu's annotation says 「彚」 is an ancient form of 「伟」, meaning beauty; in ancient texts it is written differently, Dong Yu writes it as 「夤」, meaning to emerge; Zheng Xuan interprets it as diligence. The character 「包」 in some versions is written as 「苞」, pronounced 「必交反」 as bāo, and the lower trigram is the same, and it is also pronounced 「薄交反」 as páo. The character 「荒」 in some versions is written as 「㐬」, with the same pronunciation; Zheng Xuan annotates the 「Liji」, interpreting it as filth, the 「Shuowen Jiezi」 says it means wide water surface, and also means great; Zheng Xuan also pronounces it as 「康」, meaning empty.

用馮（音憑注同）。荒穢（於廢反）。不陂（彼偽反，徐甫反傾也，注同又破河反偏也）。象曰無平不陂（一本作無往不復）。篇篇（如字子夏傳作翩翩向本同云輕舉貌古文作偏偏）。以祉（音恥一音勑子反又音止）。女處（本亦作爻處）。盡夫（音符後皆放此以意求之）。隍（音皇城塹也，子夏作堭姚作皇）。所應（如字舊音應對之應）。上承（時掌反）。下施（始豉反）。否道（備鄙反）。

The character "冯" in "用冯" is pronounced "ping" and is read as píng, with the annotation being the same. The character "秽" in "荒秽" is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "于废反", which is read as huì. The character "陂" in "不陂" is annotated with "彼伪反", read as bì; Xu Miou has another reading, with the reverse-slicing having a missing character, and it is explained as meaning "inclined", with the annotation being the same; it is also read as "破河反" which is pō, explained as meaning "biased". The sentence "象曰：无平不陂" is alternatively written as "无往不复" in another version. The term "篇篇" is read as the original characters; in the "Zixia Commentary on the Changes" it is written as "翩翩", and the version of Xiang Xiu is the same, explaining it as meaning "light and agile". The ancient text writes it as "偏偏". The character "祉" in "以祉" is pronounced "chi", read as chǐ, with another pronunciation "勑子反", and also "zhi". The term "女处" is written as "爻处" in some versions. The character "夫" in "尽夫" is pronounced "fu", read as fú, and subsequent text follows this example, distinguishing according to the meaning. The character "隍" is pronounced "huang", read as huáng, referring to the moat below a city; in the "Zixia Commentary on the Changes" it is written as "堭", and Yao Xin writes it as "皇". The term "所应" is read as the original characters; the old pronunciation reads it as "应对" with the character "应" pronounced as yìng. The character "上" in "上承" is annotated with "时掌反", read as shǎng. The character "施" in "下施" is annotated with "始豉反", read as shì. The character "否" in "否道" is annotated with "备鄙反", read as pǐ.

否（備鄙反，卦內同閉也，塞也，乾宮三世卦）。道長（丁丈反）。闢難（上音避下乃旦反）。入邪（似嗟反）。不諂（勑檢反）。否亨（許庚反）。疇（直留反，鄭作古字）。休否（虛虯反，美也，又許求反息也，注同）。

The character 「否」is annotated as 「备鄙反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation. It combines the initial sound of 「备」with the rhyme and tone of 「鄙」, resulting in the pronunciation pǐ. All characters within the hexagram are pronounced in the same way, and the character is interpreted as meaning closed or blocked. This hexagram belongs to the third generation of the Qian trigram. The character 「长」in 「道长」is annotated as 「丁丈反」, which is pronounced zhǎng. The character 「辟」in 「辟难」is pronounced as 「避」, that is, bì. The character 「难」is annotated as 「乃旦反」, which is pronounced nàn. The character 「邪」in 「入邪」is annotated as 「似嗟反」, which is pronounced xié. The character 「谄」in 「不谄」is annotated as 「勑检反」, which is pronounced chǎn. The character 「亨」in 「否亨」is annotated as 「许庚反」, which is pronounced hēng. The character 「畴」is annotated as 「直留反」, which is pronounced chóu. In Zheng Xuan's version, the ancient character is used. The character 「休」in 「休否」is annotated as 「虚虬反」, which is pronounced xiū, and it is interpreted as meaning beautiful; it is also annotated as 「许求反」, which is pronounced xīu, and it is interpreted as meaning to rest or cease. The annotations in the commentary are consistent.

同人（和同也，離宮歸魂卦）。以邪（似嗟反）。炎上（時掌反）。辯物（如字王肅免反）。繫吝（繫或作繫本作黨繫）。則否（方有反，又備鄙反）。褊（必淺反）。狹（戸夾反）。於莽（莫蕩反，王肅冥黨反鄭云叢木也）。物黨（物或作朋）。所比（毗志反）。所當（如字）。量斯（音良又音亮）。其墉（徐音容鄭作庸）。而效（下敎反）。不克則反反則得吉也（一本作反則得得則吉也）。號（戶羔反）。咷（道刀反，號咷啼呼也）。而逺（萬反）。內爭（爭之爭）。異災（一本作它災）。

"The term '同人' signifies harmony and unity; this hexagram is a return to the ancestral home hexagram of the Fire trigram. The character '邪' in '以邪' is pronounced xié, as indicated by the reverse-slicing annotation '似嗟反'. The character '上' in '炎上' is pronounced shǎng, as noted by '时掌反'. The character '辩' in '辩物' is read as the original character, while Wang Su proposed an alternative pronunciation, though the reverse-slicing character is missing, and the pronunciation is biàn. The character '系' in '系吝' is sometimes written as a variant character in other editions, and the original text reads '党系'. The character '否' in '则否' is pronounced fǒu, as noted by '方有反', and also pǐ, as noted by '备鄙反'. The character '褊' is annotated as '必浅反', pronounced biǎn. The character '狭' is annotated as '戸夹反', pronounced xiá. The character '莽' in '于莽' is annotated as '莫荡反', pronounced mǎng; Wang Su reads it as '冥党反'; Zheng Xuan says it refers to dense vegetation. The character '物' in '物党' is sometimes written as '朋' in other editions. The character '比' in '所比' is annotated as '毗志反', pronounced bì. The character '所当' is read as the original character. The character '量' in '量斯' is pronounced 'liáng', and also 'liàng'. The character '墉' in '其墉' is pronounced yōng by Xu Mai; Zheng Xuan's edition reads it as 'yōng'. The character '效' in '而效' is annotated as '下敎反', pronounced xiào. The sentence '不克则反，反则得吉也' is alternatively written as '反则得，得则吉也'. The character '号' is annotated as '户羔反', pronounced háo. The character '咷' is annotated as '道刀反', pronounced táo; '号咷' means crying and shouting. The character '逺' in '而逺' is the same as '远', annotated as '万反', with the reverse-slicing character missing, and the pronunciation is yuàn. The character '争' in '内争' is read as '争斗' (struggle). The term '异灾' is alternatively written as '它灾' in another edition."

大有（包容豐富之象乾宮歸魂卦）。遏（於葛反，止也，徐又音謁）。休命（虛虯反，美也，徐又許求反）。大車（王肅剛除反蜀才作輿）。不泥（乃計反）。用亨（許庚反，通也，下同眾家並香兩反京云獻也，乾云享宴也，姚云享祀也）。其彭（歩郎反，子夏作旁乾云彭亨驕滿貌王肅云壯也，虞作尪姚云彭旁徐音同）。上近（如字亦附近之近）。下比（毗志反）。至知（音智）。可舎（音舍）。斯數（色助反）。晢（章舌反，王廙作晣同音徐李之世反又作哲字鄭本作遰云讀如明星晢晢陸本作逝虞作折）。何難（依象冝如字一音乃旦反）。易而（以豉反）。佑之（音又）。不累（劣偽反，下同）。盡夫（津忍反）。繫辭（音繫）。

"The Great Possession" takes the image of包容 and abundance; this hexagram is a returning soul hexagram in the Heaven trigram group. "E" is annotated as "Yu Ge Fan," which is a reverse-sound annotation, read as è, meaning to stop; Xu Miao also pronounces it as "Ye." "Xiu Ming" has "Xiu" annotated as "Xu Qiu Fan," read as xiū, meaning beauty; Xu Miao also reads it as "Xu Qiu Fan." "Da Che" has "Che" read by Wang Su as "Gang Chu Fan," i.e., jū; the version by Shu Cai uses "Yu." "Bu Ni" has "Ni" annotated as "Nai Ji Fan," read as nì. "Yong Heng" has "Heng" annotated as "Xu Geng Fan," read as hēng, meaning to be smooth and unimpeded, the same in the following text; all schools read it as "Xiang Liang Fan," i.e., xiǎng, Jing Fang interprets it as "to present," Gan Bao says it means "banquet," Yao Xin says it means "sacrificial offering." "Qi Peng" has "Peng" annotated as "Bu Lang Fan," read as páng; the version of Zixia's Commentary on the Changes uses "Pang"; Gan Bao says "Peng Heng" refers to a proud and self-satisfied appearance, Wang Su interprets it as "strong," Yu Fan's version uses "Wang," Yao Xin says "Peng" is the same as "Pang," Xu Miao reads it the same. "Shang Jin" has "Jin" read as the character itself, or it can be read as "Jin" meaning near. "Xia Bi" has "Bi" annotated as "Pi Zhi Fan," read as bì. "Zhi Zhi" has "Zhi" read as "Zhi," i.e., zhì. "Ke She" has "She" read as "She." "Si Shu" has "Shu" annotated as "Se Zhu Fan," read as shù. "Zhe" is annotated as "Zhang She Fan," read as zhé; Wang Yi's version uses "Zhe," read the same; Xu Miao and Li Gui read it as "Zhi Shi Fan"; it is also written as "Zhe"; Zheng Xuan's version uses "De," saying it is read like "Zhe" in "Ming Xing Zhe Zhe"; Lu Ji's version uses "Shi," Yu Fan uses "Zhe." "He Nan" has "Nan" read as the character itself, suitable according to the meaning of the Image Commentary, another reading is "Nan" as "nàn." "Yi Er" has "Yi" annotated as "Yi Chi Fan," read as yì. "You Zhi" has "You" read as "You," i.e., yòu. "Bu Liu" has "Liu" annotated as "Lie Wei Fan," read as lèi, the same in the following text. "Jin Fu" has "Jin" annotated as "Jin Ren Fan," read as jǐn. "Xi Ci" has "Xi" read as "Xi," i.e., xì.

謙（卑退為義屈己下物也，兊宮五世卦子夏作嗛云嗛謙也）。下濟（節細反）。而上（時掌反，下注上承上行同）。虧盈（馬木作毀盈）。而福（京本作而富）。惡盈（烏路反，卦末注同）。而好（呼報反）。裒（蒲侯反，鄭荀董蜀才作捊云取也，字書作掊廣雅云掊減）。稱物（尺證反）。平施（始豉反，注同）。大難（乃旦反）。自牧（牧養之牧徐音目一音茂）。名者聲名聞之謂也（一讀名者聲絶句聞音問）。匪解（佳賣反）。撝（毀皮反，指撝也，義與麾同書云右秉白旄以麾是也，馬云撝猶離也，鄭讀為宣）。下下（上遐嫁反下如字下句同）。用侵（王廙作寢）。徵國（本或作征邑國者非）。不與（音預）。為爭（爭之爭）。

"The hexagram 'Qian' means to be humble and retreat; it refers to subduing oneself and showing respect to others. This hexagram is the fifth generation in the Dui palace. Zixia's Commentary on the Changes writes 'qian,' explaining that 'qian' means humility. The 'ji' in 'xia ji' is annotated with a reverse-sound note 'jie' which is read as jì. The 'shang' in 'er shang' is annotated with 'shizhang' which is read as shǎng; the same pronunciation applies to 'shang cheng' and 'shang xing' later in the text. 'Kuiying' is written as 'huiyin' in Ma Rong's version. 'Er fu' is written as 'er fu' in Jing Fang's version. The 'wu' in 'wu ying' is annotated with 'wulü' which is read as wù, the same as in the concluding annotations. The 'hao' in 'er hao' is annotated with 'hubao' which is read as hào. 'Pou' is annotated with 'puhou' which is read as póu; Zheng Xuan, Xun Shuang, Dong Yu, and Shu Cai's versions write it as 'pu,' meaning to take; the character is also written as 'pu' in dictionaries. 'Chengwu' in 'chengwu' is annotated with 'chizheng' which is read as chèng. 'Pingshi' in 'pingshi' is annotated with 'shishi' which is read as shì, the same as in the annotations. 'Dannan' in 'dannan' is annotated with 'nian dan' which is read as nàn. The 'mu' in 'zimu' is read as 'mu' in 'muyang'; Xu Miao pronounces it as 'mu,' another pronunciation is 'mao.' The sentence 'ming zhe, shengming wen zhi wei ye' can be read with a different pause at 'ming zhe sheng,' where 'wen' is pronounced as 'wen.' The 'jie' in 'fei jie' is annotated with 'jiamai' which is read as xiè, meaning slackness. 'Hui' is annotated with 'huipi' which is read as huī, meaning to command, same as 'hui'; the Book of Documents says 'you bing bai mao yi hui' uses this meaning; Ma Rong says 'hui' is like 'li,' Zheng Xuan reads it as 'xuan.' The two characters 'xiaxia,' the first is read as 'xiajia' which is xià, the second is read as is; the same applies in the next sentence. 'Yongqin' in 'yongqin' is written as 'qin' in Wang Yi's version. 'Zhenguo' in 'zhenguo' is written as 'zhengyiguo' in some versions, which is incorrect. The 'yu' in 'bu yu' is pronounced as 'yu,' read as yù. The 'zheng' in 'wei zheng' is read as 'zhengdu' meaning 'zheng.'"

豫（餘慮反，恱豫也，備豫也，馬云豫樂震宮一世卦）。不忒（他得反，鄭云差也，京作貸）。地奮（方問反）。殷（於勤反，馬云盛也，文云作樂之盛稱殷京作隱）。薦（將電反，本又作同，本或作獸名耳非）。介於（音界纎介古文作砎鄭古八反云謂磨砎也，馬作扴云觸小石聲）。苟（音恱）。盱（香於反，睢盱也，向云睢盱小人喜恱之貌王肅云盱大也，鄭云誇也，文云張目也，字林火反又火於反子夏作紆京作汙姚作旴云日始出引詩旴日始旦）。

The character 「豫」is annotated as 「余虑反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation. It combines the initial sound of 「余」with the rhyme and tone of 「虑」, pronounced as yù. It is explained as meaning joy or pleasure, and also as preparation. Ma Rong says 「豫」means security and happiness. This hexagram is the first in the Zhen (Thunder) group of the Zhen Palace. The character 「忒」in 「不忒」is annotated as 「他得反」, pronounced as tè. Zheng Xuan explains it as a mistake or error, while Jing Fang's version reads 「贷」. The character 「奋」in 「地奋」is annotated as 「方问反」, pronounced as fèn. 「殷」is annotated as 「于勤反」, pronounced as yīn. Ma Rong explains it as flourishing, and the Shuowen Jiezi says that the flourishing of music is called 「殷」, while Jing Fang's version reads 「隐」. The character 「荐」is annotated as 「将电反」, pronounced as jiàn. Some versions use a variant character with the same pronunciation, while others mistakenly interpret it as the name of an animal. The character 「介」in 「介于」is pronounced as 「界」, referring to something fine or minute. In ancient texts it is written as 「砎」, and Zheng Xuan pronounces it as 「古八反」, explaining it as grinding. Ma Rong's version reads 「扴」, explaining it as the sound of touching a small stone. The character 「苟」is annotated as 「音恱」, pronounced as yuè. The character 「盱」is annotated as 「香于反」, pronounced as xū, which is the same as 「睢盱」. Xiang Xiu says 「睢盱」describes the appearance of a petty person being joyful. Wang Su explains 「盱」as large, Zheng Xuan explains it as boasting, and the Shuowen Jiezi says it means opening the eyes wide. The Zilin dictionary has two pronunciations for 「盱」, both with the first character of the reverse-sound annotation being 「火」, one reading is 「火于反」. The Zixia Commentary on the Changes reads it as 「纡」, Jing Fang reads it as 「污」, Yao Xin reads it as 「旴」, explaining it as the beginning of the sun's rise, and cites the Shijing saying 「旴日始旦」as evidence.

睢（香維反，文云仰目也，字林火佳反）。由豫（由從也，鄭云用也，馬作猶云猶豫疑也）。盍（胡臘反，合也）。簪（徐側林反子夏傳同疾也，鄭云速也，埤蒼同王肅又祖感反古文作貸京作撍馬作臧荀作宗虞作戠戠叢合也，蜀才本依京義從鄭）。冥（覓經反，馬云冥昧耽於樂也，王廙云深也，又亡定反鄭讀為鳴）。有渝（羊朱反）。盡（津忍反）。樂（音洛）。

The character "睢" is annotated as "xiang wei fan," which is a reverse-sound annotation, read as suī; the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" says it means to look up, and the "Zi Lin" reads it as "huo jia fan." "由豫" has "由" interpreted as "from"; Zheng Xuan interprets it as "use"; the version by Ma Rong reads "you," explaining "yuyu" as hesitation. "盍" is annotated as "hu la fan," read as he, meaning to combine. The character "簪" is read by Xu Miao as "ce lin fan," that is zān, same as in the "Zixia Commentary on the Changes," meaning rapid; Zheng Xuan interprets it as fast, same as in the "Bi Cang"; Wang Su reads it as "zu gan fan"; the ancient text reads it as "dai," Jing Fang reads it as "wen," Ma Rong reads it as "zang," Xun Shuang reads it as "zong," Yu Fan reads it as "yi," explaining "yi" as gathering; the version by Shu Cai follows Jing Fang but explains it according to Zheng Xuan. "冥" is annotated as "mi jing fan," read as ming; Ma Rong explains it as being dull and indulging in pleasures, Wang Yi interprets it as deep; it is also read as "wang ding fan," that is ming, and Zheng Xuan reads it as "ming." The character "渝" in "有渝" is read as "yang zhu fan," that is yú. "尽" is annotated as "jin ren fan," read as jǐn. The character "乐" is read as "luo," that is lè.

隨（從也，震宮歸魂卦）。而下（遐嫁反，注下柔同）。而（音恱注下皆同）。大亨貞（本又作大亨利貞）。而天下隨時（王肅本作隨之）。隨時之義（王肅本作隨之時義）。而令（力呈反）。否之（備鄙反）。以向（本又作向許亮反王肅本作郷音同）。入宴（徐烏練反王肅烏顯反）。官有（蜀才作館有）。故舎（音舍下文同）。以擅（市戰反）。盡隨（津忍反，盡卷末同）。位正中也（一本作中正）。拘（句於反）。用亨（許庚反，通也，陸許兩反云祭也）。之濵（音賓）。

"Suí" is interpreted as "from"; this hexagram is a returning soul hexagram of the Zhen (Thunder) trigram. The "down" in "ér xià" is annotated with a reverse-sound annotation "xiá jià fǎn," which is read as xià, and the annotation "xià róu" is the same. The first character of the next line is missing; the annotation says "yīn yuè," which is read as yuè, and the annotation and following text are the same. The phrase "dà gēng zhēn" is sometimes written as "dà gēng lì zhēn" in other versions. In Wang Su's version, "ér tiān xià suí shí" is written as "suí zhī." In Wang Su's version, "suí shí zhī yì" is written as "suí zhī shí yì." The "ling" in "ér ling" is annotated with "lì chéng fǎn," which is read as líng. The "pǐ" in "fǒu zhī" is annotated with "bèi bǐ fǎn," which is read as pǐ. The "xiàng" in "yǐ xiàng" is written as a variant character in some versions, read as "xǔ liàng fǎn," i.e., xiàng; in Wang Su's version, it is written as "xiāng," with the same pronunciation. The "yàn" in "rù yàn" is read as "wū liàn fǎn," i.e., yàn, by Xu Miao, and as "wū xiǎn fǎn" by Wang Su. In the version by Shu Cai, "guān yǒu" is written as "guǎn yǒu." The "shě" in "gù shě" is pronounced "shě," and the same applies to the following text. The "shàn" in "yǐ shàn" is annotated with "shì zhàn fǎn," which is read as shàn. The "jìn" in "jìn suí" is annotated with "jīn rěn fǎn," which is read as jǐn, and the same "jìn" at the end of the scroll is also read this way. In another version, "wèi zhèng zhōng yě" is written as "zhōng zhèng." The "jū" is annotated with "gōu yú fǎn," which is read as jū. The "hēng" in "yòng gēng" is annotated with "xǔ gēng fǎn," which is read as hēng, meaning "to pass through"; Lu Ji reads it as "xǔ liǎng fǎn," i.e., xiǎng, saying it refers to worship. The "bīn" in "zhī bīn" is pronounced "bīn," read as bīn.

蠱（音古事也，惑也，亂也，左傳云於文皿蟲為蠱又云女惑男風落山謂之蠱徐又姬祖反一音故巽宮歸魂卦）。先甲（息薦反，並注同）。後甲（胡豆反，並注同）。以斷（丁亂反）。施令（力政反，下同）。競爭（爭之爭）。治也（直吏反，注同）。隨（音恱）。創制（初亮反，此俗字也，依字作剏）。復始（扶又反）。以振（舊之愼反濟也，師讀音眞振振仁厚也）。育德（王肅作毓古育字）。有子考無咎（絶句周依馬王肅以考絶句）。當事（丁堂反）。盡承（津忍反，下皆同）。裕父（羊樹反，馬云寛也）。不累（劣偽反）。

The character "蛊" is pronounced "gǔ" and means "affair," "deception," or "chaos." The "Zuo Zhuan" explains that the character's meaning comes from the image of a worm in a vessel, and it also refers to a woman deceiving a man or wind causing trees to fall from a mountain. Xu Miao also pronounces it "ji zǔ fǎn," which is another pronunciation "gù." This hexagram is a returning soul hexagram of the Xun trigram. "Xian Jia" (preceding Jia) has "xian" pronounced "xiàn" as indicated by the reverse-slicing annotation, and the note is the same. "Hou Jia" (following Jia) has "hou" pronounced "hòu" as indicated by the reverse-slicing annotation, and the note is the same. "Yi Duàn" (to cut off) has "duàn" pronounced "duàn." "Shi Ling" (to issue orders) has "ling" pronounced "lìng," which is the same in the following text. "Jing Zheng" (to compete) has "zheng" pronounced "zhēng," as in "zhēng dòu" (struggle). "Zhi Ye" (to govern) has "zhi" pronounced "zhì," and the note is the same. "Sui" (to follow) is annotated as "yuè," pronounced "yuè." "Chuang Zhi" (to create a system) has "chuang" pronounced "chuàng," and "chuang" is a vulgar character; according to the character's form, it should be "chuàng." "Fu Shi" (to renew the beginning) has "fu" pronounced "fù." "Yi Zhen" (to shake up) has "zhen" pronounced "zhèn," an old pronunciation "zhèn," meaning "to relieve"; the pronunciation "zhen" is "zhēn," and "zhen zhen" describes a kind and generous appearance. "Yu De" (to cultivate virtue) is written as "yu" in Wang Su's version, which is an ancient form of "yu." The sentence "you zi kao wu jiao" is broken at this point; Zhou Hongzheng follows Ma Rong and Wang Su in breaking the sentence at "kao." "Dang Shi" (to be in charge) has "dang" pronounced "dāng." "Jin Cheng" (to fully accept) has "jin" pronounced "jǐn," and the same pronunciation is used in the following text. "Yu Fu" (to be generous to the father) has "yu" pronounced "yù," and Ma Rong explains it as "wide." "Bu Liu" (not to be burdened) has "liu" pronounced "lèi."

臨（如字序卦云大也，坤宮二世卦）。剛浸（子鴆反）。而長（丁丈反，除六三注末及象咎不長皆同一音此治良反）。而（音恱下同）。敎思（息吏反，注同）。無疆（居良反，注同）。剛勝（升證反，下同）。佞邪（似嗟反，下同）。媚（密備反）。位當也（本或作當位實非也）。知臨（音智注同又如字）。

The term 「临」 is read as in the original character; the 「Xugua Zhuan」 explains it as meaning 'great'. This hexagram is the second generation hexagram of the Earth hexagram. The character 「浸」 in 「刚浸」 is annotated with a reverse-sound note 「子鸩反」, which is read as jìn. The character 「长」 in 「而长」 is annotated with a reverse-sound note 「丁丈反」, which is read as zhǎng; except for the note at the end of the annotation for line six and the 「Xiang Zhuan」 entry 「咎不长」, all other instances are read this way. Another pronunciation is 「治良反」, which is read as cháng. The first character of the next entry is missing, and the note says 「音恱」, which is read as yuè, and the same pronunciation is used below. The character 「思」 in 「敎思」 is annotated with a reverse-sound note 「息吏反」, which is read as sì. The character 「疆」 in 「无疆」 is annotated with a reverse-sound note 「居良反」, which is read as jiāng, and the same pronunciation is used in the annotations. The character 「胜」 in 「刚胜」 is annotated with a reverse-sound note 「升证反」, which is read as shèng, and the same pronunciation is used below. The character 「邪」 in 「佞邪」 is annotated with a reverse-sound note 「似嗟反」, which is read as xié, and the same pronunciation is used below. The character 「媚」 is annotated with 「密备反」, which is read as mèi. The phrase 「位当也」, some versions read it as 「当位」, but this is actually incorrect. The character 「知」 in 「知临」 is pronounced like 「智」, read as zhì, and the same pronunciation is used in the annotations; it can also be read as the original character.

觀（官喚反，示也，乾宮四世卦）。盥（音管）。而不薦（王又作同箋練反王肅本作而觀薦）。顒（魚恭反）。足復（扶又反）。旣灌（官喚反）。不忒（吐得反）。神道設敎（一本作以神道設敎）。省方（悉井反）。童觀（馬云童猶獨也，鄭云稚也）。最逺（萬反）。朝美（直遙反）。所鑑（古暫反，下同）。趣（促裕反）。窺（苦規反，本亦作窺）。者狹（戶夾反）。象曰窺觀女貞（一本有利字）。

"Guān" is annotated as "guān huàn fǎn", which is a reverse-sound annotation combining the initial sound of "guān" with the final sound and tone of "huàn", resulting in the pronunciation guàn, meaning to display; this hexagram is the fourth generation hexagram of the Qian trigram. "Guàn" is pronounced "guàn". "Jian" in "ér bù jiàn" is annotated as "jiān liàn fǎn" in Wang Bi's version, meaning jiàn; in Wang Su's version, it is "ér guān jiàn". "Yong" is annotated as "yú gōng fǎn", pronounced yóng. "Fu" in "zú fù" is annotated as "fú yòu fǎn", pronounced fù. "Guàn" in "jì guàn" is annotated as "guān huàn fǎn", pronounced guàn. "Te" in "bù tè" is annotated as "tǔ dé fǎn", pronounced tè. "Shen dao she jiao" is alternatively written as "yi shen dao she jiao". "Xingfang" is annotated as "xī jǐng fǎn", pronounced xǐng. "Tong guan" is annotated as "huāng" by Ma Rong, meaning alone, and Zheng Xuan interprets it as childish. "Zuì yuǎn" is "yuǎn", annotated as "wàn fǎn", with the first character of the reverse-sound annotation missing, and the pronunciation is yuàn. "Chao mei" is annotated as "zhí yáo fǎn", pronounced cháo. "Jian" in "suo jian" is annotated as "gǔ zàn fǎn", pronounced jiàn, same as below. "Qu" is annotated as "cù yù fǎn", pronounced qù. "Kui" is annotated as "kǔ guī fǎn", pronounced kuī, with some versions using a variant character. "Xia" in "zhe xia" is annotated as "hù jiā fǎn", pronounced xiá. The phrase "xiàng yue: kui guan, nu zhen" is alternatively found with the character "li" in another version.

不比（毗志反）。觀國之光（如字或音官喚反）。最近（附近之近）。居近（如字）。德見（賢遍反）。平易（以豉反）。盡夫觀盛故觀至大觀在上（王肅音官）。以觀天下（徐唯此一字作官音）。觀盥而不薦觀之為道而以觀感風行地上觀處於觀時君子處大觀之時處大觀之時大觀廣鑑（亦音官）。居觀之時為觀之主觀之盛也（從盡夫觀以下並官喚反餘不出者並音官）。

The character "比" in "不比" is pronounced "bì" as indicated by the reverse-slicing pronunciation "毗志反". The character "观" in "观国之光" is read as the original character "观", or alternatively pronounced "guàn" as indicated by "官唤反". The character "近" in "最近" is read as in "附近", i.e., "jìn". The character "近" in "居近" is read as the original character. The character "见" in "德见" is pronounced "xiàn" as indicated by "贤遍反". The character "易" in "平易" is pronounced "yì" as indicated by "以豉反". Below is a discussion of the pronunciation of the character "观" in Wang Bi's annotations: In the sentences "尽夫观盛", "故观至大", and "观在上", Wang Su read "观" as the level tone "guān". In the sentence "以观天下", Xu Miao only read this instance as the level tone "guān". In the sentences "观盥而不荐", "观之为道", "而以观感", "风行地上观", "处于观时", "君子处大观之时", "处大观之时", and "大观广鉴", "观" is also read as the level tone "guān". The same applies to the sentences "居观之时", "为观之主", and "观之盛也". In summary, from the sentence "尽夫观" onwards, all the instances cited in the text are read as "guàn" with a falling tone, as per the Lu氏 version. All other instances of "观" not listed here are generally read as the level tone "guān".

周易上經噬嗑傳第三噬（市制反，齧也）。嗑（胡臘反，合也，巽宮五世卦）。齧（研節反）。有閒（如字下同又音間廁之閒）。與過（一本作有過）。頤（以之反）。不合（本又作而合）。不溷（胡困反，濁也，雜也，亂也，韋昭云汙辱也）。上行（時掌反，注同）。勑法（恥力反，此俗字也，字林作勅鄭云勑猶理也，一云整也）。屨（紀具反）。校（爻敎反，注及下同馬音敎）。滅止（本亦作趾趾足也）。桎（章實反）。足懲（直冰反）。木絞（交卯反）。械（口戒反）。

This passage begins with the title of the chapter "The Zhou Changes Upper Classic: The Sixth Hexagram,噬嗑, Transmission Third." The character "噬" is annotated as "shì," using the reverse-sound method, and is explained as meaning to bite. "嗑" is annotated as "hé," also using the reverse-sound method, and is explained as meaning to join or come together; this hexagram is the fifth generation in the Xun palace. "啮" is annotated as "niè," also using the reverse-sound method. The character "闲" in "有闲" is read as it is written, and the same applies below; it also reads "jiàn," meaning between or in between. "与过" is alternatively written as "有过" in another version. "颐" is annotated as "yí," using the reverse-sound method. "不合" is written as "而合" in some versions. The character "溷" in "不溷" is annotated as "hùn," using the reverse-sound method, and is explained as meaning dirty, mixed, or confused; Wei Zhao says it means to insult. The character "上" in "上行" is annotated as "shǎng," using the reverse-sound method. "勑法" is annotated as "chì," using the reverse-sound method; "勑" is a vulgar character, and in the "Zi Lin" it is written as "勅"; Zheng Xuan says "勑" is like "理," meaning to manage or to regulate. "屦" is annotated as "jù," using the reverse-sound method. "校" is annotated as "jiào," using the reverse-sound method, and the annotation and following text are the same; Ma Rong pronounces it as "jiāo." The character "止" in "灭止" is written as "趾" in some versions, and "趾" means foot. "桎" is annotated as "zhì," using the reverse-sound method. The character "惩" in "足惩" is annotated as "chéng," using the reverse-sound method. The character "绞" in "木绞" is annotated as "jiǎo," using the reverse-sound method. "械" is annotated as "xiè," using the reverse-sound method.

不行也（或本作止不行也）。噬膚（方於反，馬云柔脃肥美曰膚）。未盡（津忍反，下同）。其分（扶問反）。脃（七歳反）。臘肉（音昔馬云晞於陽而煬於火曰臘肉鄭注周禮小物全乾曰臘）。乾（音乾）。胏（緇美反，馬云有骨謂之肺鄭云簀也，字林云含食所遺也，一曰脯也，子夏作脯徐音甫荀董同）。未光大也（本亦無大字）。何校（何可反，又音何，本亦作荷音同下同王肅云荷擔）。聦不明也（馬云耳無所聞鄭云目不明耳不聦王肅云言其聦之不明）。可解（佳買反）。

"The phrase 'not going' is sometimes written as 'stop not going' in other versions. 'Fū' in '噬肤' is a phonetic annotation with reverse sound, read as fū; Ma Rong says that soft, tender, and delicious meat is called 'fū'. 'Jǐn' in '未尽' is read as jǐn, with the same pronunciation in the following text. 'Fèn' in '其分' is read as fèn, with the annotation 'fú wèn fǎn'. 'Cù' is annotated as 'qī suì fǎn', read as cuì, which means 'fragile'. 'Là' in '腊肉' is pronounced 'xī'; Ma Rong says that meat dried in the sun and roasted over fire is called 'là'; Zheng Xuan's commentary on the 'Rites of Zhou' says that small pieces of meat that are air-dried whole are called 'là'. 'Gān' in '干' is read as gān. 'Zǐ' in '胏' is read as zǐ, with the annotation 'zī měi fǎn'; Ma Rong says that meat with bone is called '胏'; Zheng Xuan says it refers to a bamboo mat; the 'Zilin' says it refers to food left in the mouth; another interpretation says it refers to dried meat; the 'Zixia Commentary on the Changes' says 'pú'; Xu Miao pronounces it as 'fǔ'; Xun Shuang and Dong Yu agree. The phrase 'not shining and great' sometimes lacks the character 'great' in other versions. 'He' in '何校' is read as hè, with another pronunciation 'he'; some versions read it as 'he', with the same pronunciation in the following text; Wang Su says it means 'to bear a burden'. The phrase 'not intelligent' is interpreted by Ma Rong as 'not hearing anything'; Zheng Xuan says it refers to 'not seeing clearly and not hearing well'; Wang Su says it refers to 'not hearing or seeing clearly'. 'Jiě' in '可解' is read as jiě, with the annotation 'jiā mǎi fǎn'.

賁（彼偽反，徐甫反李府瓫反傅氏云賁古字文章貌鄭云變也，文飾之貌王肅符文反云有文飾黃白色艮宮一世卦）。剛上（時掌反，注剛上皆同）。解天（音蟹下同）。以明（蜀才本作命）。折（之舌反，注同鄭云斷也，斷音丁亂反）。其趾（一本作止鄭云趾足）。舎（音舍下及注同）。車（音居鄭張本作輿從漢時始有居音）。安夫（音符）。其須（如字字從彡水邊作非）。而比（毗志反，下同）。上附（時掌反）。循（似遵反）。

The character 「贲」is annotated as 「彼伪反」, which is a reverse-sound phonetic annotation, pronounced as bì; Xu Miào has another reading, but the reverse-sound annotation is missing some text; Li Gui reads it as 「府瓫反」; Fu's school says 「贲」is an ancient character, meaning the appearance of elegance; Zheng Xuan explains it as change, saying it refers to the appearance of ornamentation; Wang Su reads it as 「符文反」, which is fén, meaning having ornamentation and a yellow-white color; this hexagram is the first hexagram of the Gen palace. The 「上」in 「刚上」is read as 「时掌反」, pronounced as shǎng, and all instances of 「刚上」in the annotation are the same. The 「解」in 「解天」is pronounced as 「蟹」, read as xiè, and the same applies below. 「以明」, in the version by Shu Cai, is written as 「命」. 「折」is annotated as 「之舌反」, read as zhé, and the same applies in the annotation; Zheng Xuan explains it as 「断」, which is pronounced as 「丁乱反」, that is duàn. 「其趾」, another version reads it as 「止」; Zheng Xuan says 「趾」is the foot. 「舎」is pronounced as 「舍」, the same applies below and in the annotation. 「车」is pronounced as 「居」, read as jū; in the versions of Zheng Xuan and Zhang's school, it is written as 「舆」; the pronunciation of 「车」as 「居」began from the Han dynasty. The 「夫」in 「安夫」is pronounced as 「符」, read as fú. 「其须」is read as the original character; this character is composed of 「彡」, and if written with the 「水」radical, it is incorrect. The 「比」in 「而比」is annotated as 「毗志反」, read as bì, and the same applies below. The 「上」in 「上附」is annotated as 「时掌反」, read as shǎng. 「循」is annotated as 「似遵反」, read as xún.

濡（如㬰反）。皤（白波反，文云老人貌董音盤云馬作足橫行曰皤鄭陸作燔音煩荀作波）。翰（尸旦反，董黃雲馬舉頭髙卬也，馬荀云髙也，鄭云白也，亦作寒案反）。媾（古豆反）。而閡（五戴反）。寇難（乃旦反，下同）。賁于丘園（黃本賁作丗）。束帛（子夏傳云五匹為束三二纁象隂陽）。戔戔（在千反，馬云委積貌薛虞云禮之多也，又音箋黃雲猥積貌一云顯見貌子夏傳作殘殘）。有喜（如字徐許意反無妄大畜卦放此）。

"Rú" is annotated as "rú jià fǎn," which is a reverse-sound annotation, read as rú. "Pó" is annotated as "bái bō fǎn," read as pó; the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" says it refers to the appearance of an old man. Dong Yu pronounces it as "pán," saying it refers to a horse's feet moving sideways. Zheng Xuan and Lu Ji's versions read it as "fán," pronounced as "fán." Xun Shuang reads it as "bō." "Hàn" is annotated as "shī dàn fǎn," read as hàn; Dong Yu and Huang Ying say it refers to a horse raising its head high, Ma Rong and Xun Shuang interpret it as high, while Zheng Xuan interprets it as white. There is also a reading of "hán àn fǎn." "Gòu" is annotated as "gǔ dòu fǎn," read as gòu. The character "mài" in "ér mài" is annotated as "wǔ dài fǎn," read as ài. The character "nán" in "kòu nán" is annotated as "nǎi dàn fǎn," read as nàn, and the same applies below. "Bēn yú qiūyuán," in Huang Ying's version, "bēn" is written as "shì." "Shù bó," according to the "Zi Xia Yi Zhuan," refers to five pieces of silk as one bundle, with three pieces of black silk and two pieces of red silk, symbolizing yin and yang. "Jiān jiān" is annotated as "zài qiān fǎn," read as jiān; Ma Rong says it refers to a heap, Xue Yu says it refers to the abundance of etiquette; it is also pronounced as "jiān"; Huang Ying says it refers to a messy heap, and another interpretation says it refers to something clearly visible; the "Zi Xia Yi Zhuan" reads it as "cán cán." The character "xǐ" in "yǒu xǐ" is read as the original character; Xu Miao reads it as "xǔ yì fǎn," i.e., xì, following this example for the hexagrams "Wu Wang" and "Da Xu."

剝（邦角反，云剝剝也，馬云落也，文云裂也，乾宮五世卦）。人長（丁丈反，下注皆同）。激（經歷反）。拂（附弗反）。觸忤（五故反）。以殞（于敏反）。失處（昌呂反，又昌預反）。蔑（莫結反，猶削也，楚俗有削蔑之言馬云無也，鄭云輕慢荀作滅）。猶削（相略反，或作消此從荀本也，下皆然）。辨（徐音辦具之辦足上也，馬鄭同黃雲床簀也，薛虞膝下也，鄭符勉反王肅否勉反）。

The character 「剥」is annotated as 「邦角反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation. It combines the initial sound of 「邦」with the rhyme and tone of 「角」, resulting in the pronunciation bō. The hexagram statement says 「剥」means to peel off. Ma Rong explains it as falling off, and the Shuo Wen Jie Zi explains it as splitting. This hexagram is the fifth generation hexagram of the Qian trigram. The character 「长」in 「人长」is annotated as 「丁丈反」, which is pronounced zhǎng. The same pronunciation is used in the following annotations. The character 「激」is annotated as 「经历反」, pronounced jī. The character 「拂」is annotated as 「附弗反」, pronounced fú. The character 「忤」in 「触忤」is annotated as 「五故反」, pronounced wù. The character 「殒」in 「以殒」is annotated as 「于敏反」, pronounced yǔn. The character 「处」in 「失处」is annotated as 「昌吕反」, pronounced chǔ, and also as 「昌预反」, pronounced chù. The character 「蔑」is annotated as 「莫结反」, pronounced miè, meaning to cut off; in Chu dialect, there is a saying 「削蔑」; Ma Rong explains it as nothing, Zheng Xuan explains it as being disrespectful, and Xun Shuang's version reads 「灭」. The character 「削」in 「犹削」is annotated as 「相略反」, pronounced xuē; some versions read 「消」, but here we follow Xun Shuang's version, and the same applies to the following text. The character 「辨」is read by Xu Miao as 「办具」's 「办」, meaning the upper part of the foot; Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan agree. Huang Ying says it refers to a bed or mat, Xue Yu says it refers to the lower part of the knee; Zheng Xuan reads it as 「符勉反」, while Wang Su reads it as 「否勉反」.

道浸（子鴆反，下同）。稍近（附近之近）。六三剝無咎（一本作剝之無咎非）。以膚（方於反，京作簠謂祭器）。切近（如字徐巨靳反鄭云切急也）。貫魚（古亂反，徐音官穿也）。駢頭（薄田反）。得輿（音餘京作德輿董作德車）。廬（力居反）。覆䕃（於鴆反）。所芘（本又作庇必利反又悲備反）。

The character "浸" in "道浸" is pronounced jìn, as indicated by the reverse-slicing annotation "子鸩反." The same pronunciation applies in the following text. The character "近" in "稍近" is read as in "附近," meaning close. The phrase "六三剥无咎" is alternatively written in another version as "剥之无咎," which is incorrect. The character "肤" in "以肤" is pronounced fū, as indicated by "方于反." In Jing Fang's version, it is written as "簠," referring to a ritual vessel. The word "切近" is read as written; Xu Miao pronounces it "巨靳反." Zheng Xuan explains that "切" means urgent. The character "贯" in "贯鱼" is pronounced guàn, as indicated by "古乱反." Xu Miao pronounces it "官," meaning to pass through. The character "骈" in "骈头" is pronounced pián, as indicated by "薄田反." The character "舆" in "得舆" is pronounced yú; in Jing Fang's version, it is written as "德舆," while Dong Yu writes it as "德车." The character "庐" is annotated as "力居反," pronounced lú. The character "䕃" in "覆䕃" is pronounced yìn, as indicated by "于鸩反." The character "芘" in "所芘" is sometimes written as "庇," pronounced "必利反" (bì) or "悲备反."