Repetition

復（音服，反也，還也，坤宮一世卦）。朋來（如字京作萠）。反覆（芳福反，劉本同，本又作覆並注反覆皆同）。剛反（絶句）。剛長（丁丈反，下文注皆同）。心見（賢遍反）。具存（本亦作其存）。商旅（鄭云資貨而行曰商旅客也）。無祗（音支辭也，馬同音之是反韓伯祁支反云大也，鄭云病也，王肅作禔時支反陸云禔安也，九家本作㩼字音支）。幾悔（音機下同又音祈）。患難（乃旦反）。逺矣（萬反）。錯之（七故反）。

"The character '复' is pronounced 'fu' and is interpreted as 'reverse' or 'return'; this hexagram is the first hexagram of the Earth hexagram group. The character '朋' in '朋来' is read as the original character. In Jing Fang's version, it is written as '萠'. The '复' in '反复' is annotated with the reverse-sound '芳福反', pronounced 'fu', and Liu Huan's version is the same; some versions use '覆', and even the annotations use '反复' in the same way. The phrase '刚反' is to be read with a pause. The '长' in '刚长' is annotated with the reverse-sound '丁丈反', pronounced 'zhang', and the same pronunciation is used in the following text and annotations. The '见' in '心见' is annotated with the reverse-sound '贤遍反', pronounced 'xian'. The phrase '具存' is sometimes written as '其存'. The term '商旅' refers to merchants carrying goods and travelers; Zheng Xuan explains that '商' means merchants who carry goods, and '旅' means travelers. The character '祗' in '无祗' is pronounced 'zhi' and is a grammatical particle; Ma Rong agrees, pronouncing it '之是反'; Han Kangbo pronounces it 'qi zhi' and interprets it as 'great'; Zheng Xuan interprets it as 'sickness'; Wang Su's version writes it as '禔', pronounced 'shi zhi'; Lu Ji explains that '禔' means 'peace'. The character '几' in '几悔' is pronounced 'ji' and is used similarly in the following text, and also pronounced 'qi'. The character '难' in '患难' is annotated with the reverse-sound '乃旦反', pronounced 'nan'. The character '逿' in '逺矣' is the same as '远', and the annotation '万反' is given, but the first character of the reverse-sound is missing; the character is read as 'yuan'. The character '错' in '错之' is annotated with the reverse-sound '七故反', pronounced 'cuò'.

休復（虛虯反）。最比（毗志反）。仁行（下孟反）。下仁（遐嫁反）。以下仁也（如字王肅云下附於仁徐戸嫁反）。頻復（如字，本又作嚬嚬眉也，鄭作顰音同馬云憂頻也）。頻戚（乾寂反，下同憂也，又子六反）。自考也（鄭云考成也，向云察也）。有災（本又作災鄭作烖案文烖正字也，災或字也，災籕文也）。眚（生領反，下卦同子夏傳云傷害曰災妖祥曰眚鄭云異自內生曰眚自外曰祥害物曰災）。量斯（音良）。雖復（扶又反）。

The character "xiū" in "xiū fù" is pronounced xiū, as indicated by the reverse-slicing annotation "xū qiú fǎn." The character "bǐ" in "zuì bǐ" is pronounced bì, as indicated by "pí zhì fǎn." The character "xíng" in "rén xíng" is pronounced xìng, as indicated by "xià mèng fǎn." The character "xià" in "xià rén" is read as xià, as indicated by "xiá jià fǎn." In the phrase "yǐ xià rén yě," the character "xià" is read as it is written. Wang Su said it means to bend down and rely on benevolence. Xu Miao reads it as "hù jià fǎn," which is also xià. The character "pín" in "pín fù" is read as it is written; some versions of the text use "pín," meaning to frown; Zheng Xuan also uses "pín," which has the same pronunciation; Ma Rong said it refers to frequent sorrowful expressions. The character "qī" in "pín qī" is pronounced jì, as indicated by "gān jì fǎn," and the same pronunciation is used later, with the meaning of sorrow; it is also pronounced "zǐ liù fǎn," which is cù. In "zì kǎo yě," Zheng Xuan interprets "kǎo" as "cheng," while Xiang Xiu interprets it as "chá." The character "zāi" in "yǒu zāi" is written as a variant character in some versions, and Zheng Xuan writes it as "zāi." According to the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi," "zāi" is the correct character, "zāi" is a variant form, and "zāi" is a bronze script form. The character "shěng" is annotated as "shēng lǐng fǎn," pronounced shěng, and the same pronunciation is used for the lower trigram; the "Zi Xia Commentary on the Changes" says that harm is called "zāi," and strange occurrences are called "shěng"; Zheng Xuan says that strange occurrences arising internally are called "shěng," those coming from outside are called "xiáng," and damage to all things is called "zāi." The character "liàng" in "liàng sī" is pronounced "liáng." The character "fù" in "suī fù" is pronounced fù, as indicated by "fú yòu fǎn."

無妄（亡亮反，無妄無虛妄也，文云妄亂也，馬鄭王肅皆云妄猶望謂無所希望也，巽宮四世卦）。柔邪（似嗟反）。不佑（音又鄭云助也，本又作佑馬作右謂天不右行）。茂對時（茂盛也，馬云茂勉也，對配也）。下賤（遐嫁反）。不耕穫（黃郭反，或依注作不耕而獲非下句亦然）。不葘（側其反，馬云田一歳也，董云反草也）。畬（音餘馬曰田三歳也，董云悉耨曰畬文云二歳治田也，字林弋恕反）。不擅（市戰反）。行違（下孟反，下之行同）。稼（音嫁）。穡（音色）。為獲（如字或作獲非）。比（毗志反）。近（附近之近）。可試（試驗一云用也）。

The character "wàng" in "Wú Wàng" is annotated with the reverse-slicing method "wáng", formed by combining the initial sound of "wáng" and the rhyme and tone of "liàng", resulting in the pronunciation wàng. "Wú Wàng" is the name of a hexagram, meaning without false expectations. According to the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi", "wàng" is explained as disorder. Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, and Wang Su all interpreted "wàng" as similar to "wàng", meaning the heart has no aspirations. This hexagram is the fourth generation hexagram of the Xun palace. The character "xié" in "ruo xie" is annotated with the reverse-slicing method "si jie", resulting in the pronunciation xié. The character "yu" in "bu yu" is pronounced "you", resulting in the pronunciation yòu. Zheng Xuan explains "yu" as assistance. Some versions read "yu", while Ma Rong reads "you", saying that heaven does not assist their actions. "Mao dui shi" refers to "mào" meaning flourishing, Ma Rong explains "mào" as encouragement, and "dui" means matching. The character "xia" in "xia jian" is annotated with the reverse-slicing method "xia jia", resulting in the pronunciation xià. The character "huo" in "bu geng huo" is annotated with the reverse-slicing method "huang guo", resulting in the pronunciation huò. Some versions alter it to "bu geng er huo", which is incorrect, and the same applies to the next sentence. The character "zi" in "bu zi" is annotated with the reverse-slicing method "ce qi", resulting in the pronunciation zī. Ma Rong explains it as plowing a field for one year, while Dong Yu explains it as uprooting weeds. "Yu" is pronounced "yu". Ma Rong explains it as plowing a field for three years, while Dong Yu explains it as thorough cultivation, and the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" explains it as two years of cultivation, while the "Zi Lin" pronounces it "yi shu". The character "shan" in "bu shan" is annotated with the reverse-slicing method "shi zhan", resulting in the pronunciation shàn. The character "xing" in "xing wei" is annotated with the reverse-slicing method "xia meng", resulting in the pronunciation xìng. "Jia" is pronounced "jia", resulting in the pronunciation jià. "Se" is pronounced "se", resulting in the pronunciation sè. "Wei huo" is read as the original character; some versions use a variant form, which is incorrect. "Bi" is annotated with "pi zhi", resulting in the pronunciation bì. "Jin" is read as "jin" meaning near. "Ke shi" refers to "shi" meaning trial, with another interpretation meaning use.

大畜（本又作蓄勑六反義與小畜同艮宮二世卦）。大畜剛健（絶句）。篤實輝（音輝）。光（絶句）。日新其德（鄭以日新絶句其德連下句）。厭而（於豔反）。夫能（音符發句皆然下非夫同）。令賢（力呈反，下同）。險難（乃旦反，下遇難同）。多識（如字又音試劉作志）。往行（下孟反）。利巳（夷止反，下及注巳則能己同或音紀姚同）。輿（音餘下同，本或作轝音同）。（吐活反，注及下同馬云解也）。輹（音服又音福蜀才本同或作輻一云車旁作複音服車下縛也，作畐者音福老子所云三十輻共一轂是也，釋名云輹似人屐又曰伏菟在軸上似之又曰輹伏於軸上）。馮河（皮冰反）。

The character "畜" in "大畜" is sometimes written as "蓄" in other versions. "勑六反" is a reverse-sounding annotation, pronounced chù, with the same meaning as the "小畜" hexagram. This hexagram is the second in the mountain (艮) group. "大畜刚健" is read with a pause after "大畜." The character "辉" in "笃实辉" is pronounced "huī." "光" is read with a pause. In the phrase "日新其德," Zheng Xuan pauses after "日新," and "其德" continues with the next sentence. The character "厌" in "厌而" is pronounced "yàn" according to "于艳反." The character "夫" in "夫能" is pronounced "fú," as is any "夫" at the beginning of a sentence; the "夫" in "非夫" is also pronounced the same. The character "令" in "令贤" is pronounced "líng" according to "力呈反," and the same pronunciation is used elsewhere. The character "难" in "险难" is pronounced "nàn" according to "乃旦反," and the same pronunciation is used in "遇难." The character "多识" is read as written; it also has the pronunciation "shì." In Liu Wang's version, it is written as "志." The character "行" in "往行" is pronounced "xìng" according to "下孟反." The character "巳" in "利巳" is pronounced "yǐ" according to "夷止反," and the same pronunciation is used in the following text and in the annotation "巳则能己"; there is also a pronunciation "jǐ," which is the same as in Yao Xin's version. The character "舆" is pronounced "yú," and the same pronunciation is used elsewhere; some versions write it as "轝," with the same sound. The next heading has a missing character, and the annotation "吐活反" is pronounced "tuō," with the same pronunciation used in the annotation and the following text; Ma Rong explains it as "to loosen." The character "輹" is pronounced "fú," and also "fú" (another pronunciation), and the same pronunciation is used in the version by Shu Cai; some versions write it as "辐." One interpretation says that the character on the side of the chariot is from "复," pronounced "fú," referring to the wooden binding under the chariot; if it is from "畐," it is pronounced "fú," which is the "辐" in the "Thirty spokes share one hub" from the "Laozi." The "Shi Ming" says that "輹" resembles wooden sandals, and also says that the "fu tu" is above the chariot axle and similar to it, and also says that "輹" is the part that is placed on top of the axle. The character "冯" in "冯河" is pronounced "píng" according to "皮冰反."

良馬逐（如字鄭本作逐逐云兩馬走也，姚云逐逐疾並驅之貌一音胄）。曰（音越劉云曰猶言也，鄭人實反云日習車徒）。閒（如字閡也，馬鄭云習）。險阨（於革反，本亦作厄）。童牛（無角牛也，廣蒼作犝劉云童妾也）。牿（古毒反，劉云牿之言角也，陸云牿當作角九家作告文同云牛觸角著橫木所以告人）。抑銳（於力反，下同，本又作挫災臥反）。強（其良反）。爭（爭之爭）。豶（符云反，劉云豕去勢曰豶）。之牙（徐五加反鄭讀為互）。剛暴（一本作剛突）。禁暴（音金）。何天（音河梁武帝音賀）。衢（其俱反，馬云四達謂之衢）。亨（許庚反）。

The character "逐" in "良马逐" is read as the original character; Zheng Xuan's version reads "逐逐," meaning two horses running side by side; Yao Xin says "逐逐" describes the appearance of rapid side-by-side driving; it is also pronounced "胄." The character "曰" is read as "越"; Liu Huan says "曰" is equivalent to "言"; Zheng Xuan reads "人实反," which is rì, meaning daily training of chariots and soldiers. The character "闲" is read as the original character, meaning to block or isolate; Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan interpret it as practice. The character "阨" in "险阨" is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "于革反," which is read as è; some versions read it as "厄." "童牛" refers to a calf without horns; the "Guangcang" reads it as "犝"; Liu Huan says "童" means servant. The character "牿" is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "古毒反," which is read as gù; Liu Huan says "牿" is the horn; Lu Ji says "牿" should be "角"; the nine families' version reads it as "告," and the "Shuowen Jiezi" agrees, explaining that since cattle use their horns to push, a crossbar is added to warn people. The character "抑" in "抑锐" is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "于力反," which is read as yì; the same pronunciation is used below; some versions read it as "挫," pronounced "灾卧反" (zuò). The character "强" is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "其良反," which is read as qiáng. The character "争" is read as "争斗" (struggle). The character "豮" is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "符云反," which is read as fén; Liu Huan says castrating a pig is called "豮." The character "牙" in "之牙" is read by Xu Miao as "五加反" (yá); Zheng Xuan reads it as "互." "刚暴" is read in another version as "刚突." The character "禁" in "禁暴" is pronounced "金," read as jīn. The character "何" in "何天" is pronounced "河," read as hé; Emperor Liang Wu reads it as "贺," which is hè. The character "衢" is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "其俱反," read as qú; Ma Rong says a road that is four-way and eight-way connected is called "衢." The character "亨" is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "许庚反," read as hēng.

頤（以之反，養也，此文字也，巽宮游魂卦）。舎爾（音舍注同）。朶（多果反，動也，鄭同京作椯）。嚼（詳略反）。令物（力呈反）。離其（力智反）。而窺（苦規反）。顚頤（丁田反）。拂（符弗反，違也，薛同注下皆同一音敷弗反子夏傳作弗云輔弼也）。此行（下孟反，下立行同）。悖也（布內反，逆也）。虎視（徐市土反又常止反）。眈眈（丁南反，威而不猛也，馬云虎下視貌一音大南反）。逐逐（如字敦實也，薛云速也，子夏傳作攸攸志林云攸當為逐蘇林音迪荀作悠悠劉作跾云逺也，文跾音式六反）。施賢（始豉反，下文同又如字）。而比（毗志反）。得頤（一本作得順）。難未（乃旦反）。厲吉（厲嚴厲也，馬王肅云危）。

"Yi" is annotated as "yi zhi fan," which is a reverse-sound annotation, pronounced yí, meaning "to nourish"; this character form is found in the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" (Explanations of Characters). This hexagram is a wandering soul hexagram of the Xun (Wind) palace. "She er" (abandon you) has "she" pronounced "she," with the annotation being the same. "Du" is annotated as "duo guo fan," pronounced duǒ, meaning "to move"; Zheng Xuan agrees, and Jing Fang's version reads "tian." "Jiao" is annotated as "xiang lue fan," pronounced jué. "Lingwu" (command things) has "ling," annotated as "li cheng fan," pronounced líng. "Li qi" (leave it) has "li," annotated as "li zhi fan," pronounced lì. "Er kui" (and peek) has "kui," annotated as "ku gu fan," pronounced kuī. "Dian yi" (upright nourishment) has "dian," annotated as "ding tian fan," pronounced diān. "Fu" is annotated as "fu fu fan," pronounced fú, meaning "to violate"; Xue Yu agree, and the annotation and following text are the same; another pronunciation is "fu fu fan." "Ci xing" (this action) has "xing," annotated as "xia meng fan," pronounced xìng, and "li xing" (establish action) is the same. "Bei ye" (contrary) has "bei," annotated as "bu nei fan," pronounced bèi, meaning "reverse." "Hu shi" (lion's gaze) has "shi," read by Xu Miao as "shi tu fan," and also as "chang zhi fan." "Dan dan" is annotated as "ding nan fan," pronounced dān, meaning "having authority without being fierce"; Ma Rong says it refers to the appearance of a tiger looking down; another pronunciation is "da nan fan." "Zhu zhu" is read as the original character, meaning "honest and sincere"; Xue Yu interpret it as "speed"; the "Zi Xia Yi Zhuan" reads "you you," and the "Zhi Lin" says "you" should be "zhu," with Su Lin pronouncing it "di"; Xun Shuang reads "you you"; Liu Wan reads "tong," meaning "far," and the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" pronounces "tong" as "shi lü fan." "Shi xian" (bestow virtue) has "shi," annotated as "shi chi fan," pronounced shì, same in the following text, and can also be read as the original character. "Er bi" (and compare) has "bi," annotated as "pi zhi fan," pronounced bì. "De yi" (gain nourishment) is another version read as "de shun." "Nan wei" (difficult yet) has "nan," annotated as "nai dan fan," pronounced nàn. "Li ji" (strictly auspicious) has "li" meaning "strict"; Ma Rong and Wang Su interpret it as "dangerous."

大過（徐古臥反罪過也，超過也，王肅音戈震宮游魂卦）。相過之過（並古臥反）。棟（徐丁貢反）。橈（乃敎反，曲折也，下同）。拯（拯救之拯）。弱（本亦作溺並依字讀下救其弱拯弱皆同）。而（音恱注同）。救難難乃（並乃旦反上六注同）。遯（本又作遁同徒遜反）。藉（在夜反，下同馬云在下曰藉）。唯愼（辰震反）。枯楊（如字鄭音姑謂無姑山榆榆羊朱反）。

The character "过" in "大过" is read as "guò" by Xu Miao, meaning guilt or wrongdoing, and also meaning to exceed; Wang Su pronounces it as "ge". This hexagram is a wandering soul hexagram of the Zhen palace. The two "过" characters in "相过之过" are both read as "guò". The character "栋" is read by Xu Miao as "ding gong fan" meaning "dòng". The character "桡" is annotated as "nai jiao fan", a phonetic annotation, read as "náo", meaning to bend or curve, as in the following text. The character "拯" is read as "zheng", as in "rescue". The character "弱" is sometimes written as "溺" in other versions, but both are read according to the original character; the following text "救其弱" and "拯弱" are the same. The first character of the next entry is missing, but the annotation says "yue", read as "yuè", with the same annotation. The character "难" in "救难" and "难乃" is read as "nán", pronounced "nian dan fan", meaning difficulty. The annotation for the upper hexagram Six is the same. The character "遯" is sometimes written as "遁" in other versions, but both are read as "tu xun fan", meaning "dùn". The character "藉" is annotated as "zai ye fan", read as "jiè", as in the following text; Ma Rong said that what is laid down below is called "藉". The character "愼" in "唯愼" is read as "chen zhen fan", meaning "shèn". The character "杨" in "枯杨" is read as the original character; Zheng Xuan pronounces it as "gu", saying it is "wu gu", meaning mountain elm, and "榆" is read as "yang zhu fan".

稊（徒稽反，楊之秀也，鄭作荑荑木更生音夷謂山榆之實）。老夫（如字下同）。特吝（特或作持）。能令（力主反）。得少（詩照反，下同）。則稺（直吏反）。者長（丁丈反）。淹溺（乃歷反）。生華（如字徐音花）。無譽（音預又音餘）。滅頂（徐都冷反）。習（便習也，重也，劉云水流行不休故曰習）。

The character 「稊」is annotated as 「徒稽反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation, read as tí, referring to the new shoots of willow and poplar trees; Zheng Xuan writes 「荑」, explaining that 「荑」means the rebirth of grass and trees, pronounced as yí, referring to the fruit of mountain elm. 「老夫」is read as written, same for the following text. The character 「特」in 「特吝」is sometimes written as 「持」in other versions. The character 「令」in 「能令」is annotated as 「力主反」, and the second character of this reverse-sound annotation may be erroneous. The character 「少」in 「得少」is annotated as 「诗照反」, read as shào, same for the following text. The character 「稺」in 「则稺」is the same as 「稚」, annotated as 「直吏反」, read as zhì. The character 「长」in 「者长」is annotated as 「丁丈反」, read as zhǎng. The character 「溺」in 「淹溺」is annotated as 「乃历反」, read as nì. The character 「华」in 「生华」is read as written; Xu Mi reads it as 「花」. The character 「誉」in 「无誉」is pronounced as yù, and also as yú. The character 「顶」in 「灭顶」is read by Xu Mi as 「都冷反」, which is dǐng. The character 「习」means familiarity, and also means repetition; Liu Huan explains that water flows continuously, so it is called 「习」.

坎（徐苦感反，本亦作埳京劉作欿險也，陷也，八純卦象水）。險陷（陷沒之陷）。謂便（婢面反，下同）。重險（直龍反，注下並同）。陗（七妙反）。洊（在薦反，徐在悶反舊又才本反爾雅云再也，劉云仍也，京作臻乾作薦）。德行（下孟反，注同）。險難（乃旦反，下險難同）。則夫（音符）。窞（徒坎反，文云坎中更有坎王肅又作徒感反云窞坎底也，字林云坎中小坎一曰旁入）。處欿（亦作坎字）。而復（扶又反，下雖復同）。險且（如字古文及鄭向本作檢鄭云木在手曰檢）。枕（徐針鴆反王肅針甚反鄭云木在首曰枕陸云閑礙險害之貌九家作玷古文作沈沈直林反）。

The character 「坎」 is read by Xu Miao as 「kǔ gǎn fǎn」, which is a reverse-sound annotation, pronounced kǎn; some versions of the text use 「dǎn」, and Jing Fang and Liu Huan use 「kǎn」; it is interpreted as meaning danger or to fall into. This hexagram is one of the eight pure hexagrams, symbolizing water. The term 「陷」 in 「险陷」 is read as 「xiàn mò」, meaning to be submerged. The character 「便」 in 「谓便」 is read as 「bì miàn fǎn」, pronounced biàn, and the same pronunciation is used in the following text. The character 「重」 in 「重险」 is read as 「zhí lóng fǎn」, pronounced chóng, and the same pronunciation is used in the annotations and following text. The character 「陗」 is read as 「qī miào fǎn」, pronounced qiào. The character 「洊」 is read as 「zài jiàn fǎn」, pronounced jiàn; Xu Miao reads it as 「zài mèn fǎn」, and in old texts it was also read as 「cái běn fǎn」; the 「Er Ya」 explains it as meaning again, and Liu Huan explains it as still. Jing Fang's version uses 「zhēn」, and Gan Bao uses 「jiàn」. The character 「行」 in 「德行」 is read as 「xià mèng fǎn」, pronounced xìng, and the same pronunciation is used in the annotations. The character 「难」 in 「险难」 is read as 「nǎi dàn fǎn」, pronounced nàn, and the same pronunciation is used in the following text of 「险难」. The character 「夫」 in 「则夫」 is pronounced 「fú」. The character 「窞」 is read as 「tú kǎn fǎn」, pronounced dàn; the 「Shuo Wen Jie Zi」 says it means there is another 「坎」 inside 「坎」; Wang Su reads it as 「tú gǎn fǎn」, saying 「窞」 means the bottom of 「坎」; the 「Zi Lin」 says it means a small 「坎」 inside 「坎」, and one interpretation says it means to fall into from the side. The character 「欿」 in 「处欿」 is also written as the character 「坎」. The character 「复」 in 「而复」 is read as 「fú yòu fǎn」, pronounced fù, and the same pronunciation is used in the following text of 「虽复」. The character 「险且」 is read as it is written; ancient texts, as well as versions by Zheng Xuan and Xiang Xiu, use 「检」, and Zheng Xuan says it refers to a wooden device placed on the hand. The character 「枕」 is read by Xu Miao as 「zhēn jìn fǎn」, pronounced zhèn, and by Wang Su as 「zhēn shèn fǎn」; Zheng Xuan says it refers to a wooden device placed on the head; Lu Ji says it refers to the appearance of obstruction and danger; the nine families' version uses 「diàn」, and the ancient text uses 「shěn」, which is read as 「zhí lín fǎn」.

出則之坎（一本作出則亦坎誤）。樽酒（音尊絶句）。簋貳（音絶句）。用缶（方有反，絶句舊讀樽酒簋絶句貳用缶一句）。自牖（音酉陸作誘）。承比（毗志反，下同）。之食（音嗣飯也）。象曰樽酒簋（一本更有貳字）。祇（音支又祁支反鄭云當為坻小丘也，京作禔文同音支又上支反安也）。盡平（津忍反）。徽（許韋反）。纆（音墨劉云三股曰徽兩股曰纆皆索名）。寘（之豉反，置也，注同劉作示言眾議於九之下也，子夏傳作湜姚作寔寔置也，張作置）。叢（才公反）。法峻（荀潤反）。

The phrase "出则之坎" is different from another version which reads "出则亦坎," and the latter is incorrect. The character "樽" in "樽酒" is pronounced "尊," read as zūn, and the sentence should be divided here. The character "簋" in "簋贰" has a phonetic annotation that is missing, and the sentence should be divided here. The character "缶" in "用缶" is annotated with "方有反," a reverse phonetic annotation, and is read as fǒu, and the sentence should be divided here; the old reading divides at "樽酒簋," making "贰用缶" a separate sentence. The character "牖" in "自牖" is pronounced "酉," read as yǒu; the version by Lu Ji reads "诱." The character "比" in "承比" is annotated with "毗志反," read as bì, and the same pronunciation is used in the following text. The character "食" in "之食" is pronounced "嗣," read as sì, and is interpreted as food. The phrase "象曰：樽酒簋" is different from another version which also includes the character "贰." The character "祇" is pronounced "支," and also read as "祁支反"; Zheng Xuan says it should be "坻," meaning a small hill; the version by Jing Fang reads "禔," which is the same as in the Shuowen Jiezi, pronounced "支," and also read as "上支反," meaning to be secure. The character "尽" in "尽平" is annotated with "津忍反," read as jǐn. The character "徽" is annotated with "许韦反," read as huī. The character "纆" is pronounced "墨," read as mò; Liu Wan says that three strands woven together are called "徽," and two strands are called "纆," both being names for ropes. The character "寘" is annotated with "之豉反," read as zhì, meaning to place, and the annotation is the same; Liu Wan's version reads "示," meaning to place the opinions of many people beneath the nine jis; the Zixia Commentary on the Changes reads "湜," Yao Xin reads "寔," saying "寔" is the same as "置"; Zhang's version reads "置." The character "丛" is annotated with "才公反," read as cóng. The character "峻" in "法峻" is annotated with "荀润反," read as jùn.

離（列池反，麗也，麗著也，八純卦象日象火）。畜（許六反，注同）。牝（頻忍反，徐又扶死反）。外強（其良反）。猶著（直畧反，卦內同）。草木麗（如字文作䕻）。乎土（王肅本作地）。重明（直龍反）。明兩作（鄭云作起也，荀云用也）。明照相繼（一本無明照二字）。履錯（鄭徐七各反馬七路反）。警（京領反）。闢其（音避象同）。日（王嗣宗本作仄音同）。鼓（鄭本作擊）。大耊（田節反，馬云七十曰耊王肅又他結反云八十曰耊京作絰蜀才作咥）。之嗟（如字王肅又遭哥反荀作差下嗟若亦爾）。

The character 「离」 is annotated as 「列池反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation, pronounced as lí. It is explained as 「丽」, meaning attachment. This hexagram is one of the eight pure hexagrams, and it takes the image of the sun and the image of fire. The character 「畜」 is annotated as 「许六反」, pronounced as xù, with the same explanation. The character 「牝」 is annotated as 「频忍反」, pronounced as pìn; Xu Mi also reads it as 「扶死反」. The character 「强」 in 「外强」 is annotated as 「其良反」, pronounced as qiáng. The character 「着」 in 「犹着」 is annotated as 「直畧反」, pronounced as zhuó, with the same explanation within the hexagram. The character 「丽」 in 「草木丽」 is read as the original character; the 「说文解字」 reads it as 「䕻」. The character 「乎土」 in the Wang Su edition is written as 「地」. The character 「重」 in 「重明」 is annotated as 「直龙反」, pronounced as chóng. The character 「作」 in 「明两作」 is explained by Zheng Xuan as 「起」, and by Xun Shuang as 「用」. The phrase 「明照相继」 is missing the words 「明照」 in another edition. The character 「错」 in 「履错」 is read by Zheng Xuan and Xu Mi as 「七各反」, pronounced as cuò, while Ma Rong reads it as 「七路反」. The character 「警」 is annotated as 「京领反」, pronounced as jǐng. The character 「辟」 in 「辟其」 is pronounced as 「避」, read as bì, with the same explanation in the 「象传」. The character 「日」 in this context is written as 「仄」 in the Wang Si Zong edition, with the same pronunciation. The character 「鼓」 is written as 「击」 in Zheng Xuan's edition. The character 「耊」 in 「大耊」 is annotated as 「田节反」, pronounced as dié; Ma Rong says that seventy years old is called 「耊」, while Wang Su reads it as 「他结反」, saying that eighty years old is called 「耊」; Jing Fang's edition writes it as 「绖」, and Shu Cai writes it as 「咥」. The character 「嗟」 in 「之嗟」 is read as the original character; Wang Su also reads it as 「遭哥反」; Xun Shuang writes it as 「差」; the character 「嗟」 in the following phrase 「嗟若」 is also read the same way.

凶（古文及鄭無凶字）。突（徒忽反，王肅唐屑反舊又湯骨反字林同云暫出）。逼近（附近之近）。出（如字徐尺遂反王嗣宗勑類反）。涕（徐他米反又音弟）。沱（徒河反，荀作池，一本作沲）。若（古文若皆如此）。戚（乾寂反，子夏傳作嘁嘁子六反諮慚也）。不勝（音升）。逆首（本又作逆道兩得）。離王公也（音麗鄭作麗王肅云麗王者之後為公梁武力智反王嗣宗同）。折首（徐之舌反注同）。以去（羗呂反）。王用出征以正邦也（王肅本此下更有獲匪其醜大有功也）。

The character 「凶」 is not found in the ancient text or in Zheng Xuan's version. The character 「突」 is annotated as 「徒忽反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation, read as tū; Wang Su read it as 「唐屑反」, and in the past it was also read as 「汤骨反」. The character 「近」 in 「逼近」 is read as the same as 「附近」's 「近」. The character 「出」 is read as its original pronunciation; Xu Miao read it as 「尺遂反」, and Wang Sizong read it as 「勑类反」. The character 「涕」 is read by Xu Miao as 「他米反」, that is tì, and also pronounced 「弟」. The character 「沱」 is annotated as 「徒河反」, read as tuó; Xun Shuang wrote it as 「池」, another version wrote it as 「沲」. The character 「若」 in ancient texts is all written in this form. The character 「戚」 is annotated as 「干寂反」; in Zixia's Commentary on the Changes it is written as 「嘁嘁」, read as 「子六反」, meaning lamentation and shame. The character 「胜」 in 「不胜」 is read as 「升」, pronounced shēng. The term 「逆首」, some versions read it as 「逆道」, both interpretations are acceptable. The character 「离」 in 「离王公也」 is read as 「丽」; Zheng Xuan wrote it as 「丽」; Wang Su said it refers to being attached to the descendants of the king and becoming a marquis; Liang Wudi read it as 「力智反」, that is lì, and Wang Sizong read it the same. The character 「折」 in 「折首」, Xu Miao read it as 「之舌反」, that is zhé, and the annotation is the same. The character 「去」 in 「以去」 is read as 「羗吕反」, pronounced qù. The sentence 「王用出征，以正邦也」, in Wang Su's version there is an additional sentence below: 「获匪其丑，大有功也」.

周易下經咸傳第四咸（如字云感也，兊宮三世卦）。取（七具反，本亦作娶音同）。相與（如字鄭云與猶親也）。而（音恱）。男下（遐嫁反，下注必下同）。見於（賢遍反）。各亢（口浪反，本或作有）。拇（後反，馬鄭薛云足大指也，子夏作荀作母云陰位之尊）。腓（房非反，鄭云膞腸也，膞音市臠反王廙云腓腓腸也，荀作肥云謂五也，尊盛故稱肥）。離拇（力智反）。動躁（早報反）。

This passage begins with the title of the fourth chapter, "Xian Transmission of the Lower Classic of the Zhou Changes." The character "咸" is pronounced as written, and the hexagram statement explains it as "sensibility." This hexagram is the third generation in the Dui palace. "取" is annotated with "qi ju fan," which is a reverse-sounding pronunciation, read as qǔ; some editions read it as "qu," with the same pronunciation. "相与" is read as written; Zheng Xuan says "与" is equivalent to "kinship." The first character of the next line is missing, and the annotation says "yin huo," read as yuè. The "下" in "男下" is pronounced "xia" with "xia jia fan," and the same pronunciation is used in the following annotation "必下." The "见" in "见于" is pronounced "xian" with "xian bian fan." The "亢" in "各亢" is pronounced "kang" with "kou lang fan"; some editions read it as "you." The first character of the reverse-sounding pronunciation for "拇" is missing, only "hou fan" remains; Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, and Xue Yu say it refers to the big toe. The "子夏易传" says it is a variant character, and Xun Shuang reads it as "mu," saying it refers to the dignity of the yin position. The "腓" is annotated with "fang fei fan," read as fei; Zheng Xuan says it refers to the calf, "膞" is read as "shi luan fan"; Wang Yi says "腓" is the calf muscle; Xun Shuang reads it as "fei," referring to the nine in the fifth, because of its grandeur it is called "fei." The "离" in "离拇" is read as "li zhi fan," pronounced li. The "躁" in "动躁" is read as "zao bao fan," pronounced zao.

股（音古）。憧憧（昌容反，馬雲行貌王肅云往來不絶貌廣雅云往來也，劉云意未定也，徐又音童又音鍾京作字林云遲也，丈冢反）。脢（武杯反，又音每心之上口之下也，鄭云背脊肉也，文同王肅又音廣雅云胂謂之脢胂音以人反）。輔（如字馬云上頷也，虞作䩉云耳目之間）。頰（兼葉反，孟作俠）。滕（徒登反，達也，九家作乗虞作媵鄭云送也）。口（如字注同徐音脫又始銳反）。

The character "股" is pronounced "gǔ." "憧憧" is annotated as "昌容反," which is a reverse-slicing pronunciation, read as "chōng." Ma Rong interpreted it as the appearance of walking, Wang Su interpreted it as the appearance of continuous movement, and the "Guangya" explained it as movement. Liu Huan said it refers to an undetermined mind. Xu Miao provided two pronunciations: "tóng" and "zhōng." Jing Fang's version uses a variant character, and the "Zilin" explains it as "delay," pronounced "zhàng zhǒng fǎn." "脢" is annotated as "wǔ bēi fǎn," read as "méi," and also pronounced "měi," referring to the area above the heart and below the mouth. Zheng Xuan interpreted it as the flesh on the back, which is the same as in the "Shuowen Jiezi." Wang Su provided another pronunciation, but the character has been lost. The "Guangya" says "胂" is called "脢," and "胂" is pronounced "yǐ rén fǎn." "辅" is read as the original character. Ma Rong interpreted it as the upper jaw, Yu Fan wrote it as "䩉," interpreting it as the area between the ears and eyes. "颊" is annotated as "jiān yè fǎn," read as "jiá." Meng Xi's version uses "侠." "滕" is annotated as "tú dēng fǎn," read as "téng," meaning "to reach." The nine families' version uses "乗," Yu Fan wrote it as "媵," and Zheng Xuan interpreted it as "to send." "口" is read as the original character, with the annotation being the same. Xu Miao pronounced it as "tuō," and also read it as "shǐ ruì fǎn."

恆（如字久也，震宮三世卦）。長陽長陰（並丁丈反大象注同）。媲（普計反，配也）。復始（扶又反）。見於（賢遍反）。浚（荀潤反，深也，鄭作浚）。令物（力呈反）。餘縕（紆粉反，廣雅云積也）。或承（或有也，一云常也，鄭本作咸承）。德行（下孟反）。詰（去吉反）。而分（扶運反）。振恆（之刃反，馬云動也，鄭云搖落也，張作震）。

"The term '恒' is read as it is written, and it is interpreted as 'long' or 'lasting'; this hexagram belongs to the third generation of the Zhen (Thunder) trigram group. The character '长' in both '长阳' and '长阴' is pronounced 'zhǎng', as indicated by the reverse-slicing pronunciation '丁丈反'. The term '媲' is annotated with '普计反', pronounced 'pì', and means 'to match'. The '复' in '复始' is annotated with '扶又反', pronounced 'fù'. The '见' in '见于' is annotated with '贤遍反', pronounced 'xiàn'. The '浚' is annotated with '荀润反', pronounced 'jùn', and means 'deep'; Zheng Xuan's version uses '浚'. The '令' in '令物' is annotated with '力呈反', pronounced 'líng'. The '缊' in '余缊' is annotated with '纡粉反', pronounced 'yùn'; the 'Guangya' dictionary explains it as 'accumulation'. The '或' in '或承' is interpreted as 'to have', or alternatively as 'constant'; Zheng Xuan's version uses '咸承'. The '行' in '德行' is annotated with '下孟反', pronounced 'xìng'. The '诘' is annotated with '去吉反', pronounced 'jié'. The '分' in '而分' is annotated with '扶运反', pronounced 'fèn'. The '振' in '振恒' is annotated '之刃反', pronounced 'zhèn'; Ma Rong interprets it as 'movement', Zheng Xuan says it means 'falling off', and Zhang's version uses '震'."

遯（徒巽反，字又作又作遁同隱退也，匿跡避時奉身退隱之謂也，鄭云逃去之名序卦云遯者退也，乾宮二世卦）。夫靜（音扶）。非否（備鄙反，下同）。亢（苦浪反）。浸（子鴆反，注同）。而長（丁丈反，卦內同或如字）。以逺（萬反，注並同）。闢內（音避）。難可（乃旦反）。何災（音河褚河可反今不用）。勝（升證反，又音升注同）。（王肅如字解也，師同徐吐活反又始銳反）。

"Du^n" is annotated as "tu^ su^n fan^", which is a reverse-sound annotation, and is read as "du^n". This character is also written in alternative forms, such as "dun^n", and both are pronounced the same, meaning to retreat or withdraw; Zheng Xuan says it refers to the name of fleeing. The "Xu^ Gua^ Zhuan^" says "du^n" means retreat. This hexagram is the second in the Qian Palace. The "fu^ jing^" in "fu^" is pronounced "fu^", read as "fu^". The "pǐ" in "fei^ pǐ" is annotated as "bei^ bi^ fan^", read as "pǐ", and the same applies below. "Kang^" is annotated as "ku^ lang^ fan^", read as "kang^". "Jin^" is annotated as "zi^ zhen^ fan^", read as "jin^", and the annotation is the same. The "chang^" in "er^ chang^" is annotated as "ding^ zhang^ fan^", read as "zhang^", and the same applies within the hexagram, and there is also a reading as the original character. The "yuan^" in "yi^ yuan^" is the same as "yuan^", annotated as "wan^ fan^", the first character of the reverse-sound annotation is missing, and the character is read as "yuan^", and the annotation is the same. The "bi^" in "bi^ nei^" is pronounced "bi^", read as "bi^". The "nan^" in "nan^ ke^" is annotated as "nian^ dan^ fan^", read as "nan^". The "he^" in "he^ zai^" is pronounced "he^"; Zhu^ Shi^ reads "he^ ke^ fan^", but this is not adopted now. "Sheng^" is annotated as "sheng^ zheng^ fan^", read as "sheng^", and also pronounced "sheng^", and the annotation is the same. The first character of the next entry is missing; Wang^ Su^ reads it as the original character, meaning to resolve; the Shu^ said the same; Xu^ Miao^ reads "tu^ hu^ fan^", which is "tu^", and also reads "shi^ rui^ fan^".

遯巳（音以或音紀）。係遯（古詣文，本或作繫）。近二（附近之近）。憊（蒲拜反，鄭云困也，廣雅云極也，王肅作斃荀作備）。好遯（呼報反，注下同）。小人否（音鄙注下同惡也，徐方有反鄭王肅備鄙反云塞也）。能舎（音舍）。肥遯（如字子夏傳云肥饒裕）。能累（劣偽反）。繒（則能反）。繳（章畧反）。

The character "巳" in "遯巳" is pronounced "yǐ" or "jǐ." The character "系" in "系遯" is annotated as "gǔ yì," but the final character of the reverse-slicing annotation is damaged; some versions use another form of the character "系." The character "近" in "近二" is read as "jìn," the same as in "附近." The character "惫" is annotated as "pú bài fǎn," which is reverse-slicing pronunciation, read as bèi; Zheng Xuan explains it as "kùn," while the "Guangya" explains it as "jí"; Wang Su's version reads it as "bì," and Xun Shuang reads it as "bèi." The character "好" in "好遯" is annotated as "hū bào fǎn," read as hào, and the annotation and following text use the same pronunciation. The character "否" in "小人否" is pronounced "bǐ," read as pǐ, and the annotation and following text use the same pronunciation, meaning "evil"; Xu Miao reads it as "fāng yǒu fǎn," i.e., fǒu; Zheng Xuan and Wang Su read it as "bèi bǐ fǎn," meaning "blockage." The character "舎" in "能舎" is pronounced "shě." The character "肥" in "肥遯" is read as the original character; the "Zixia Commentary on the Changes" says "肥" means "abundant and comfortable." The character "累" in "能累" is annotated as "liè wèi fǎn," read as lèi. The character "缯" is annotated as "zé néng fǎn," read as zēng. The character "缴" is annotated as "zhānglüè fǎn," read as zhuó.

大壯（莊亮反，威盛強猛之名鄭雲氣力浸強之名王肅云壯盛也，廣雅云健也，馬云傷也，郭璞云今淮南人呼壯為傷坤宮四世卦）。而愼禮也（愼或作順義亦通）。用罔（罔羅也，馬王肅云無）。羝羊（音低張云羖羊也，廣雅云吳羊曰羝）。觸（徐處六反）。藩（方反，徐甫言反下同馬云籬落也）。羸（律悲反，又力追反下同馬云大索也，徐力皮反王肅作縲音螺鄭虞作累蜀才作累張作虆）。

The term "zhuang" in "Da Zhuang" is annotated with the reverse-sound method as "Zhuang Liang Fan," combining the initial sound of "Zhuang" with the vowel and tone of "Liang," resulting in the pronunciation zhuang, which signifies strength and power. Zheng Xuan interprets it as a name indicating gradually increasing strength, while Wang Su says "zhuang" means prosperity. The "Guangya" explains it as meaning vigorous. Ma Rong interprets it as injury, and Guo Pu says that in present-day Huainan, "zhuang" is pronounced as "shang." This hexagram is the fourth generation hexagram in the Kun palace. The term "shen" in "er shen li" is sometimes written as "shun," which also makes sense. The term "wang" in "yong wang" refers to a net; Ma Rong and Wang Su interpret it as "wu" (nothing). The term "di yang" in "di yang" is pronounced "di," read as dī. Zhang氏 says it refers to a black male sheep, and the "Guangya" says that sheep in Wu are called "di." The character "chu" is read by Xu Miao as "chu liu fan," which is chù. The character "fan" has the reverse-sound annotation with the lower character missing, only the character "fang" remains as the upper character; Xu Miao reads it as "fu yan fan," which is fān, and the same applies below. Ma Rong says "fan" refers to a fence. The term "lei" is annotated as "lv bei fan," read as léi, and also as "li zhu fan," the same applies below; Ma Rong says it refers to a thick rope; Xu Miao reads it as "li pi fan"; Wang Su's version reads it as "lei," pronounced "luo"; Zheng Xuan and Yu Fan read it as "lei," Shucai also reads it as "lei," and Zhang氏 reads it as "lei."

雖復（扶又反）。藩決（音穴注下同）。大輿（音餘）。之輹（音福，本又作輻）。行不（下孟反）。能（吐活反）。喪羊（息浪反，注下同）。於易（以豉反，注下同鄭音亦謂狡易也，陸作埸謂壃埸也）。險難（如字亦乃旦反）。則難（乃旦反）。剛長（丁丈反，下剛長同）。猶與（音預，一本作預）。其分（扶問反）。不詳（詳審也，鄭王肅作祥善也）。

The character 「复」 in 「虽复」 is pronounced fù, as indicated by the reverse-sounding annotation 「扶又反」. The character 「决」 in 「藩决」 is pronounced xué, as noted in the annotation and the following text. The character 「舆」 in 「大舆」 is pronounced yú. The character 「輹」 in 「之輹」 is pronounced fù; some versions of the text read it as 「辐」. The character 「行」 in 「行不」 is pronounced xìng, as indicated by 「下孟反」. The first character of the next entry is missing, and the annotation reads 「吐活反」, which is pronounced tuō. The character 「丧」 in 「丧羊」 is pronounced sàng, as indicated by 「息浪反」, and the same pronunciation applies to the annotation and following text. The character 「易」 in 「于易」 is pronounced yì, as noted by 「以豉反」, and the same pronunciation applies to the annotation and following text; Zheng Xuan pronounces it as 「亦」, meaning cunning and light-hearted; in Lu Ji's version, it is read as 「埸」, meaning border. The character 「难」 in 「险难」 is read as the original character, but may also be pronounced nà. The character 「难」 in 「则难」 is pronounced nàn. The character 「长」 in 「刚长」 is pronounced zhǎng, as indicated by 「丁丈反」, and the same pronunciation applies to the following mention of 「刚长」. The character 「与」 in 「犹与」 is pronounced yù; another version reads it directly as 「预」. The character 「分」 in 「其分」 is pronounced fèn, as indicated by 「扶问反」. The character 「详」 in 「不详」 means careful consideration; in Zheng Xuan's and Wang Su's versions, it is read as 「祥」, meaning good.

晉（云進也，孟作齊齊子西反義同乾宮游魂卦）。康（美之名也，馬云安也，鄭云尊也，廣也，陸云安也，樂也）。蕃（音煩多也，鄭發反）。庶（如字眾也，鄭止奢反謂蕃遮禽也）。晝日（竹又反）。三（徐息慚反下及注同）。接（如字鄭音捷勝也）。上行（時掌反，凡上行並同）。以著（直畧反，下著明同）。三褫（勑紙反，又直紙反）。

"The hexagram 'Jin' (Progress)" is interpreted in the hexagram statement as 'to advance'; Meng Xi's version reads 'Qi', which is pronounced 'Zi Xi Fan', with meaning similar to 'Jin'. This hexagram is a wandering soul hexagram of the Qian trigram. 'Kang' is a beautiful term; Ma Rong interprets it as 'peace', Zheng Xuan interprets it as 'respect' and 'broadness', and Lu Ji interprets it as 'peace' and 'pleasure'. 'Fan' is pronounced 'Fan', read as 'fan', interpreted as 'many'; Zheng Xuan has another reading, but the initial character of the reverse-sound is missing, and the final character is 'Fa'. 'Shu' is read as the original character, interpreted as 'many'; Zheng Xuan reads 'Zhi She Fan', saying it means 'to block out wild animals'. The character 'zhou' in 'zhou ri' is annotated with the reverse-sound 'Zhu You Fan', pronounced as 'zhou'. The character 'san' is read by Xu Miao as 'Xi Can Fan', that is 'san', and the same applies in the following text and annotations. 'Jie' is read as the original character; Zheng Xuan pronounces it as 'Jie', interpreting it as 'to overcome'. The 'shang xing' in 'shang xing' has 'shang' pronounced 'Shi Zhang Fan', read as 'shang', and all instances of 'shang xing' are the same. The 'zhe' in 'yi zhe' is annotated with the reverse-sound 'Zhi Lue Fan', read as 'zhuo', and the same applies to 'zhe ming' later. The 'chi' in 'san chi' is pronounced 'Chi Zhi Fan', read as 'chi', and also read as 'Zhi Zhi Fan'.

摧如（罪雷反，退也，鄭讀如南山崔崔之崔）。未著（張慮反）。自喪（息浪反）。愁（狀由反，鄭子小反云變色貌）。介（音戒大也，馬同）。聞乎（聞亦作文又作交義並通）。和之（胡臥反）。鼫（音石子夏傳作碩鼠鼫鼠五技鼠也，本草螻蛄一名鼫鼠）。失得（如字孟馬鄭虞至肅本作矢馬王云離為矢虞云矢古誓字）。失夫（音符）。

The character "摧" in "摧如" is pronounced "cuī" as indicated by the reverse-slicing annotation "罪雷反," meaning "to retreat." Zheng Xuan reads it as the "崔" in the "南山崔崔" of the "Book of Songs." The character "着" in "未着" is pronounced "zhù" as indicated by "张虑反." The character "丧" in "自丧" is pronounced "sàng" as indicated by "息浪反." The character "愁" is annotated as "状由反," pronounced "chóu," while Zheng Xuan reads it as "子小反," meaning "a look of anger." The character "介" is pronounced "jiè," meaning "great," as noted by Ma Rong. The character "闻" in "闻乎" is also written as "文" or "交," both of which are acceptable in meaning. The character "和" in "和之" is pronounced "hè" as indicated by "胡卧反." The character "鼫" is pronounced "shí," and in the "Zixia Commentary on the Changes" it is written as "硕鼠," meaning "a mouse with five skills." The "本草" refers to the蝼蛄 as also called "鼫鼠." The character "失得" is read as written. The versions of the text by Meng Xi, Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, Yu Fan, and Wang Su read "矢" instead. Ma Rong and Wang Su say that the trigram Li is like a "矢," while Yu Fan says "矢" is an ancient form of "誓." The character "夫" in "失夫" is pronounced "fú."

明夷（夷傷也，坎宮游魂卦）。以蒙大難（乃旦反，卦內同鄭云蒙猶遭也，一云蒙冒也）。文王以之（王肅云唯文王能用之鄭荀向作似之下亦然）。蒞（履二反，又律秘反）。蔽偽（本或作弊偽）。所辟（音避下同）。最逺（萬反，下逺難同）。逺遁（徒遜反）。匿形（女力反）。不遑（音皇）。夷於（如字子夏作睇鄭陸同云旁視曰睇亦作眱）。左股（音古馬王肅作般云旋也，日隨天左旋也，姚作右盤云自辰右旋入丑）。

The character "夷" in "明夷" is interpreted as "injury"; this hexagram is a wandering ghost hexagram of the Kan trigram. The "难" in "以蒙大难" is pronounced "nàn" as indicated by the reverse-sounding annotation "乃旦反"; the same pronunciation is used within the hexagram. Zheng Xuan says "蒙" means "to encounter," while another interpretation is that "蒙" means "to be subjected to." The phrase "文王以之" is explained by Wang Su as meaning only King Wen could use this principle; in the versions by Zheng Xuan, Xun Shuang, and Xiang Xiu, it is written as "似之," and the same applies in the following text. The character "莅" is annotated with "履二反," pronounced "lì," and also "律秘反." The term "蔽伪" is sometimes written as "弊伪." The "辟" in "所辟" is pronounced "bì," meaning "to avoid," and the same pronunciation is used later. The "逺" in "最逺" is the same as "远," annotated as "万反," with the first character of the reverse-sounding annotation missing; the character is read as "yuàn," and the same pronunciation is used in "逺難." The "遁" in "逺遁" is annotated as "徒逊反," pronounced "dùn." The "匿" in "匿形" is annotated as "女力反," pronounced "nì." The "遑" in "不遑" is pronounced "huáng," same as "皇." "夷于" is read as the original character; in the "Zixia Commentary on the Changes," it is written as "睇," which Zheng Xuan and Lu Ji also use, explaining that "睇" means "to look sideways." It is also written as "眱." The "股" in "左股" is pronounced "gǔ," same as "古"; in the versions by Ma Rong and Wang Su, it is written as "般," meaning "to rotate," referring to the sun following the celestial body's left rotation; Yao Xin writes "右盘," meaning "to rotate to the right," referring to the movement from the Chen position to the Chou position.

用拯（拯救之拯注同文云舉也，鄭云承也，子夏作抍字林云抍上舉音承）。示行（示或作亦）。近難（附近之近下最近同）。疑憚（但旦反）。然後而免也（一本作然後乃獲免也）。南狩（手又反，本亦作守同）。去闇（羌呂反）。逆忤（五故反）。箕子之明夷（蜀才箕作其劉向云今易箕子作荄滋鄒湛云訓箕為荄詁子為滋漫衍無經不可致詰以譏荀爽）。為比（毗志反）。

The character "拯" in "用拯" is read as "zhěng," the same as in "拯救"; the commentary is the same. The "说文解字" explains it as "to lift up," while Zheng Xuan explains it as "to bear." The "子夏易传" uses "抍," and the "字林" says "抍" means to lift upward, pronounced "chéng." The character "示" in "示行" is sometimes written as "亦" in other editions. The character "近" in "近难" is read as "jìn," the same as in "附近," and the following "最近" is also read the same. The character "惮" in "疑惮" is annotated with the reverse-sounding character "但旦反," which is read as "dàn." The sentence "然后而免也" is in another edition written as "然后乃获免也." The character "狩" in "南狩" is read as "shòu" with the reverse-sounding character "手又反"; some editions write it as "守," which has the same pronunciation. The character "去" in "去闇" is read as "qù" with the reverse-sounding character "羌吕反." The character "忤" in "逆忤" is read as "wù" with the reverse-sounding character "五故反." In the phrase "箕子之明夷," the edition by Shu Cai writes "箕" as "其"; Liu Xiang says the current edition of the "周易" writes "箕子" as "荄滋"; Zou Zhan says "箕" should be interpreted as "荄" and "子" should be interpreted as "滋," but this is without clear criteria and cannot be traced, which is a criticism of Xun Shuang's interpretation. The character "比" in "为比" is read as "bì" with the reverse-sounding character "毗志反."

家人（文家居也，案人所居稱家爾雅室內謂之家是也，巽宮二世卦）。熾也（尺志反）。而行（下孟反，注皆同）。閒（馬云闌也，防也，鄭云習也）。中饋（巨愧反，食也）。嗃嗃（呼落反，又呼學反馬云恱樂自得貌鄭云苦之意荀作確確劉作熇熇）。嘻嘻（喜悲反，馬云聲鄭云驕佚喜之意張作嬉嬉陸作喜喜）。之長（丁丈反）。以近（附近之近）。王假（更白反，注同至也，鄭云登也，徐古雅反馬云大也）。

The term 「家人」is explained in the Shuo Wen Jie Zi as referring to a place where one resides; according to the Erya, the interior of a house is called a family, which is the meaning here. This hexagram is the second generation hexagram of the Xun trigram. The term 「炽」in 「炽也」is annotated with the reverse-sounding character 「尺志反」, which is read as chi. The term 「行」in 「而行」is annotated with 「下孟反」, read as xing, and the annotations are the same. The term 「闲」is interpreted by Ma Rong as a fence or as prevention, and by Zheng Xuan as practice. The term 「馈」in 「中馈」is annotated with 「巨愧反」, read as kui, and is interpreted as food. The term 「嗃嗃」is annotated with 「呼落反」, read as he, and also with 「呼学反」. Ma Rong says it refers to a joyful and contented appearance, while Zheng Xuan says it contains an element of suffering. Xun Shuang writes it as 「确确」, and Liu Wan writes it as 「熇熇」. The term 「嘻嘻」is annotated with 「喜悲反」, read as xi. Ma Rong says it refers to laughter, while Zheng Xuan says it refers to arrogance and joy. Zhang氏 writes it as 「嬉嬉」, and Lu Ji writes it as 「喜喜」. The term 「之长」is annotated with 「丁丈反」, read as zhang. The term 「以近」is read as 「近」, meaning nearby. The term 「王假」is annotated with 「更白反」, read as ge, and the annotations are the same, meaning to arrive; Zheng Xuan interprets it as ascending; Xu Miao reads it as jiǎ, and Ma Rong interprets it as great.

睽（苦圭反，馬鄭王肅徐呂忱並音圭序卦云乖也，雜卦云外也，文云目不相視也，艮宮四世卦）。而上（時掌反，下上行同）。同行（如字王肅遐孟反）。而（音恱）。喪馬（息浪反，注同）。自復（音服注同）。必顯（一本作必類下相顯亦然）。可援（於眷反，下得援同又音）。以闢（音避）。於巷（戸絳反，文云裡中道也，廣雅云居也，字書作衖）。曳（以制反）。掣（昌逝反，鄭作㸷云牛角皆踴曰㸷徐市制反文作觢之世反云角一俯一仰子夏作傳云一角仰也，荀作觭劉本從文解依鄭）。

The annotation for 「睽」is 「苦圭反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation, pronounced kuí; Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, Wang Su, Xu Miao, and Lü Chen all pronounced it as 「guī」. In the 「Xugua Zhuan」, it is explained as 「guai wei」, meaning to be at odds; in the 「Zagua Zhuan」, it is explained as 「wai」; and in the 「Shuowen Jiezi」, it is said to mean that the two eyes cannot look at each other. This hexagram is the fourth generation hexagram of the Gen palace. The 「shang」in 「er shang」is pronounced 「shang」, as indicated by 「shi zhang fan」; the same pronunciation applies to 「shang xing」later on. 「Tong xing」is read as the original character; Wang Su pronounced it as 「xia meng fan」. The first character of the next entry is missing, and the annotation says 「yin yue」, which is pronounced yue. The 「sang」in 「sang ma」is annotated as 「xi lang fan」, pronounced sang; the annotation is the same. The 「fu」in 「zi fu」is pronounced 「fu」, read as fu; the annotation is the same. 「Bi xian」is alternatively written as 「bi lei」in another version, and the same applies to 「xiang xian」later on. The 「yuan」in 「ke yuan」is annotated as 「yu juan fan」, pronounced yuan; the same pronunciation applies to 「de yuan」later on, and there is another pronunciation, but the character is missing. The 「bi」in 「yi bi」is pronounced 「bi」, read as bi. The 「xiang」in 「yu xiang」is annotated as 「hu jiang fan」, pronounced xiang; the 「Shuowen Jiezi」says it refers to a path within a neighborhood, the 「Guangya」explains it as residence, and the character book writes it as 「xiang」. The 「ye」is annotated as 「yi zhi fan」, pronounced ye. The 「che」is annotated as 「chang shi fan」, pronounced che; Zheng Xuan writes it as 「zhu」, explaining that when a cow's two horns are both raised, it is called 「zhu」; Xu Miao pronounces it as 「shi zhi fan」; the 「Shuowen Jiezi」writes it as 「zhi」, pronounced 「zhi shi fan」, explaining that it refers to one horn raised and the other lowered; the 「Zixia Commentary on the Changes」uses a variant character, and its explanation says that one horn is raised; Xun Shuang writes it as 「ji」; Liu Huan's version follows the 「Shuowen Jiezi」but explains it according to Zheng Xuan.

其人天（天剠也，馬云剠鑿其額曰天）。劓（魚器反，截鼻也，王肅作臲臲魚一反）。相比（毗志反，下同）。元夫（如字）。噬（市制反）。之弧（音胡弓也）。後（吐活反，注同一音始銳反）。之弧（本亦作壺京馬鄭王肅翟子作壺）。媾（古豆反）。恢（苦回反，大也）。詭（女委反，異也，戾也）。譎（古穴反，本亦作決詐也，乖也）。籲可（況於反）。四剠（其京反，文或作黥字）。

The term "天" in "其人天" refers to the黥刑, which is a form of punishment involving carving markings on the forehead. Ma Rong explained that this punishment is called "天" because it involves carving on the forehead. The term "劓" is annotated with "鱼器反," which is a reverse-sound annotation indicating the pronunciation yì, meaning to cut off the nose. Wang Su wrote "臲," which is pronounced "鱼一反." The term "比" in "相比" is annotated with "毗志反," pronounced bì, and the same pronunciation is used later. "元夫" is read as the original characters. "噬" is annotated with "市制反," pronounced shì. The term "弧" in "之弧" is pronounced "胡," which is hú, and it is explained as referring to a bow. The next character after "后" is missing, and it is annotated with "吐活反," pronounced tuō, with the same annotation, and another pronunciation is "始锐反." In some versions, "之弧" is written as "壺," and versions from Jing Fang, Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, Wang Su, and Zhai Shi all use "壺." The term "媾" is annotated with "古豆反," pronounced gòu. "恢" is annotated with "苦回反," pronounced huī, and it means large. "诡" is annotated with "女委反," and there is suspicion that the first character of the reverse-sound annotation is incorrect; the pronunciation is guǐ, meaning different or deviant. "谲" is annotated with "古穴反," pronounced jué; some versions read it as "决"; it means deception or deviation. The term "吁" in "吁可" is annotated with "况于反," pronounced xū. The term "剠" in "四剠" is annotated with "其京反," pronounced qíng; the character is also found in the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" as "黥."

蹇（紀免反，及序卦皆云難也，王肅徐紀偃反兊宮四世卦）。以難（乃旦反，卦內及解卦皆同）。難解（音蟹上六注同）。未否（備鄙反）。知矣（音智初六注同）。得中（如字鄭云和也，又張仲反王肅云中適也，解卦同）。正邦（荀陸本作正國為漢朝諱）。冝待也（張本作冝時也，鄭本冝待時也）。逺害（萬反）。內喜（如字徐許意反猶好也）。來連（力善反，馬云亦難也，鄭如字遲久之意）。之長（直良反）。長難（丁丈反）。

The annotation for 「蹇」is 「纪免反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation, pronounced jiǎn; both the hexagram statement and the 「Sequence of Hexagrams」explain it as difficulty. Wang Su and Xu Miao read it as 「纪偃反」. This hexagram is the fourth generation in the Dui palace. The 「difficulty」in 「to overcome difficulty」is read as nàn, with the reverse-sound annotation 「乃旦反」; the same pronunciation is used in the hexagram and its interpretation. The 「not yet blocked」in 「未否」is read as pǐ, with the reverse-sound annotation 「备鄙反」. The 「know」in 「知矣」is read as zhì, with the reverse-sound annotation 「智」; the same pronunciation is used in the annotation for the first line. 「To be in the center」is read as the original character; Zheng Xuan explains it as harmony and also reads it as zhòng, with the reverse-sound annotation 「张仲反」; Wang Su says 「center」means appropriate; the same is used in the interpretation of the hexagram. 「To govern the state」is written as 「正国」in the versions of Xun Shuang and Lu Ji, to avoid the taboo of the Han dynasty. 「Should wait」is written as 「冝时也」in Zhang's version and as 「冝待时也」in Zheng Xuan's version. The 「far」in 「逺害」is the same as 「远」, with the reverse-sound annotation 「万反」, but the first character of the reverse-sound has been lost, and the character is read as yuàn. 「Inner joy」is read as the original character; Xu Miao reads it as xì, with the reverse-sound annotation 「许意反」, meaning to like. The 「connected」in 「来连」is read as liǎn, with the reverse-sound annotation 「力善反」; Ma Rong also explains it as difficulty; Zheng Xuan reads it as the original character, taking it to mean delay. The 「long」in 「之长」is read as cháng, with the reverse-sound annotation 「直良反」. The 「long」in 「长难」is read as zhǎng, with the reverse-sound annotation 「丁丈反」.

解（音蟹序卦云緩也，震宮二世卦）。解之為義（音蟹下以解來復同）。濟厄（厄或作危）。曰解（音蟹自此盡初六注皆同）。坼（勑宅反，文云裂也，廣雅云分也，馬陸作宅云根也）。否結（備鄙反）。者亨（許庚反）。宥罪（音又京作尤）。盤結（歩丹反）。或有遇（遇或作過）。咎非其理也（一本無此八字）。所任（而鴆反）。斯解（佳買反）。之稱（尺證反）。失枉（紆往反）。

The character "解" is pronounced "xiè"; in the "Xugua Zhuan" it is explained as meaning "to relieve." The "解" in "解之为义" is also pronounced "xiè," and the same pronunciation applies to the following text "以解来复." The character "厄" in "济厄" is sometimes written as "危" in other versions. The "解" in "曰解" is also pronounced "xiè," and this pronunciation remains consistent from this point to the annotations on "初六." The character "坼" is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "勑宅反," which is pronounced "chè." In the "Shuowen Jiezi," it is explained as "to split," and in the "Guangya," it is explained as "to divide." Ma Rong and Lu Ji both interpret it as "宅," meaning "root." The "否" in "否结" is pronounced "pǐ" according to "备鄙反." The "亨" in "者亨" is pronounced "hēng" according to "许庚反." The "宥" in "宥罪" is pronounced "yòu," and in Jing Fang's version, it is written as "尤." The "盘" in "盘结" is pronounced "pán" according to "歩丹反." The character "遇" in "或有遇" is sometimes written as "过" in other versions. The phrase "咎非其理也" is absent in another version. The "任" in "所任" is pronounced "rèn" according to "而鸩反." The "解" in "斯解" is pronounced "jiě" according to "佳买反." The "称" in "之称" is pronounced "chèng" according to "尺证反." The "枉" in "失枉" is pronounced "wǎng" according to "纡往反."

且乗（如字王肅繩證反）。柔邪（似嗟反）。自我致戎（本又作致寇）。解而（佳買反，注同）。拇（茂後反，陸云足大指王肅云手大指荀作母）。而比（毗志反）。維有解（音蟹注有解及象並下注為解之極同）。解難（佳買反）。用射（食亦反，下注同）。隼（荀尹反，毛詩草木鳥獸䟽云鷂）。髙墉（音容馬云城也）。將解（隹買反）。荒悖（布內反，象同）。以解（佳買反）。

The character 乗 in 「且乗」 is read as shèng, as in the pronunciation of the character itself; Wang Su reads it as shèng, with the reverse-slicing pronunciation shèng. The character 邪 in 「柔邪」 is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation jiā mǎi, meaning it is read as xié. In the phrase 「自我致戎」, some versions read it as 「致寇」. The character 解 in 「解而」 is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation jiā mǎi, meaning it is read as jiě, and the annotation is the same. The character 拇 is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation mào hòu, meaning it is read as mǔ; Lu Jie says it refers to the big toe of the foot, while Wang Su says it refers to the big toe of the hand; Xun Shuang writes it as 母. The character 比 in 「而比」 is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation pí zhì, meaning it is read as bì. The character 解 in 「维有解」 is pronounced as xiè, meaning it is read as xiè; the annotation 「有解」, as well as the 「象传」 and the following annotations mentioning 「为解之极」, all use this pronunciation. The character 解 in 「解难」 is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation jiā mǎi, meaning it is read as jiě. The character 射 in 「用射」 is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation shí yì, meaning it is read as shè. The character 隼 is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation Xun Yin, meaning it is read as sǔn; the 「毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏」 says it refers to a hawk. The character 墉 in 「髙墉」 is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation róng, meaning it is read as yōng; Ma Rong explains it as a city. The character 解 in 「将解」 is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation zhuī mǎi, meaning it is read as jiě. The character 悖 in 「荒悖」 is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation bù nèi, meaning it is read as bèi; the 「象传」 uses the same pronunciation. The character 解 in 「以解」 is annotated with the reverse-slicing pronunciation jiā mǎi, meaning it is read as jiě.

損（孫本反，虧減之義也，又訓失序卦云緩必有所失是也，艮宮三世卦）。曷（何葛反）。二簋（蜀才作軌）。用享（香兩反，下同蜀才許庚反）。上行（時掌反，凡上行皆同）。陰（音恱）。非長（丁丈反，下德長遂長同）。為邪（似嗟反）。能拯（拯救之拯）。大難（乃旦反）。二簋應（師如字舊應對之應）。偕行（音皆）。其分（扶問反）。徵（直升反，止也，鄭云猶淸也，劉作懲云淸也，蜀才作澄）。

The character 「损」is annotated as 「孙本反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation, pronounced sǔn, meaning reduction or loss; the phrase 「缓必有所失」in the 「Xugua Zhuan」refers to this meaning. This hexagram is the third generation hexagram of the Gen palace. The character 「曷」is annotated as 「何葛反」, pronounced hé. The character 「簋」in 「二簋」is written as 「轨」in the version edited by Shu Cai. The character 「享」in 「用享」is annotated as 「香两反」, pronounced xiǎng, the same as below; Shu Cai reads it as 「许庚反」, which is hēng. The character 「上」in 「上行」is annotated as 「时掌反」, pronounced shǎng, and all instances of 「上行」are pronounced the same. The character 「阴」is followed by a missing character, annotated as 「音恱」, pronounced yuè. The character 「长」in 「非长」is annotated as 「丁丈反」, pronounced zhǎng, and the same pronunciation applies to 「德长」and 「遂长」below. The character 「邪」in 「为邪」is annotated as 「似嗟反」, pronounced xié. The character 「拯」in 「能拯」is pronounced as in 「拯救」, meaning rescue. The character 「难」in 「大难」is annotated as 「乃旦反」, pronounced nàn. The character 「应」in 「二簋应」is read as the character itself according to the commentary by Shi, but the old reading was as in 「应对」, meaning respond. The character 「偕」in 「偕行」is pronounced as 「皆」, meaning all, pronounced jiē. The character 「分」in 「其分」is annotated as 「扶问反」, pronounced fèn. The character 「征」is annotated as 「直升反」, pronounced chéng, meaning stop; Zheng Xuan says it is equivalent to 「清」, Liu Huan reads it as 「惩」, meaning clear; Shu Cai reads it as 「澄」, meaning clear.

忿（芳粉反）。窒（珍栗反，徐得悉反鄭劉作懫懫止也，孟作恎陸作）。欲（如字孟作浴）。巳事（音以，本亦作以虞作祀）。遄（市專反，速也，荀作顓）。復自（扶又反，九二注同）。以上（時掌反）。化淳（尚春反）。以離（力智反）。知者（音智）。以盡（津忍反）。上佑（音又，本亦作佑）。不制（一本作下制）。遂長（丁丈反）。尚夫（音符）。

The character 「忿」is annotated as 「芳粉反」, which is a reverse-slicing phonetic annotation, read as fèn. 「窒」is annotated as 「珍栗反」, read as zhì; Xu Maoyao reads it as 「得悉反」; Zheng Xuan and Liu Huan read it as 「懫」, which means to stop. Meng Xi reads it as 「恎」, and Lu Ji reads a variant form. 「欲」is read as the original character; in Meng Xi's version, it is written as 「浴」. The character 「巳」in 「巳事」is pronounced 「以」; some versions read it as 「以」, and Yu Fan reads it as 「祀」. 「遄」is annotated as 「市专反」, read as chuán, meaning quick; Xun Shuang reads it as 「颛」. The character 「复」in 「复自」is annotated as 「扶又反」, read as fù, and the annotation in Nine in the Second is the same. The character 「上」in 「以上」is annotated as 「时掌反」, read as shǎng. The character 「淳」in 「化淳」is annotated as 「尚春反」, read as chún. The character 「离」in 「以离」is annotated as 「力智反」, read as lì. The character 「知」in 「知者」is read as 「智」, read as zhì. The character 「尽」in 「以尽」is annotated as 「津忍反」, read as jǐn. The character 「佑」in 「上佑」is annotated as 「又」, read as yòu; some versions read it as 「佑」. 「不制」is read as 「下制」in another version. The character 「长」in 「遂长」is annotated as 「丁丈反」, read as zhǎng. The character 「夫」in 「尚夫」is annotated as 「符」, read as fú.

益（増長之名又以弘裕為義繫辭云益長裕而不設是也，巽宮三世卦）。民（音恱）。無疆（居良反，下同）。下下（上遐嫁反下如字注同）。渉難（乃旦反，下同）。天施（始豉反）。之處（昌預反，下其處同）。用享（香兩反，注同王廙許庚反）。用圭（王肅作用桓圭）。不為（於偽反）。不處（本或作不屆）。用費（芳貴反）。盡物（津忍反）。無厭（於鹽反）。莫和（胡臥反）。惡盈（烏路反）。偏辭（音篇孟作徧云周匝也）。

"Yi" means increase and is also associated with the meaning of being broad and generous; the "Great Treatise" says "Yi" means growth and abundance without constraint, which is exactly this meaning. This hexagram is the third generation hexagram of the Xun family. The character following "min" is missing, with the note "yin yue," read as yue. The character "jiang" in "wu jiang" is annotated with "ju liang fan" as a reverse-sound annotation, read as jiang, same in the following text. The two characters "xia xia," the first is read as "xia jia fan" meaning xià, the second is read as the original character, same in the annotation. The character "nan" in "shè nan" is annotated with "nian dan fan" read as nàn, same in the following text. The character "shi" in "tian shi" is annotated with "shi chi fan" read as shì. The character "chu" in "zhi chu" is annotated with "chang yu fan" read as chù, same in the following "qi chu." The character "xiang" in "yong xiang" is annotated with "xiang liang fan" read as xiǎng, same in the annotation; Wang Yi reads it as "xu geng fan" meaning hēng. "Yong gui" in the text, Wang Su's version reads "yong huan gui." The character "wei" in "bu wei" is annotated with "yu wei fan" read as wèi. "Bu chu," some versions read "bu jie." The character "fei" in "yong fei" is annotated with "fang gui fan" read as fèi. The character "jin" in "jin wu" is annotated with "jin ren fan" read as jǐn. The character "yan" in "wu yan" is annotated with "yu yan fan" read as yān. The character "he" in "mo he" is annotated with "hu wo fan" read as hè. The character "e" in "wu ying" is annotated with "wu lu fan" read as wù. The character "pian" in "pian ci" is read as "pian," meaning "piān"; Meng Xi reads it as "bian," meaning "to be all around and encompassing."

周易下經夬傳第五夬（古快反，決也，坤宮五世卦）。剛幾（音祈）。坦然（他但反）。夬決（徐古穴反）。而（音恱注皆同）。齊長（丁丈反，除上六象並同）。則邪（似嗟反，下同）。斷制（丁亂反，注同）。澤上（時掌反，注同）。以施（始豉反，注同）。壯於（側亮反）。前趾（荀作止）。惕（勑歷反，荀翟作錫云賜也）。號（戶羔反，注及下同鄭王廙音號）。莫夜（音暮注同鄭如字云無也，無夜非一夜）。號呼（火故反）。頄（求反，顴也，又音求又丘倫反翟云面顴頰閒骨也，鄭作頯頯夾面也，王肅音江氏音琴威反蜀才作仇）。若濡（而朱反）。有慍（紆運反，恨也，舊於問反）。

This passage begins with the title of the section "The Fifth Transmission of the Lower Book of Zhou Yi: Gua." The character "夬" is annotated as "guài," which is a reverse-sound annotation indicating the pronunciation, and it is explained as meaning "to decide"; this hexagram is the fifth in the Kun palace. The character "几" in "刚几" is pronounced "qí." The character "坦" in "坦然" is annotated as "tǎn," with the reverse-sound annotation "他但反." The character "决" in "夬决" is read as "jué" according to Xu Miao. The next heading is missing, but it is annotated as "yuè," and all the annotations are the same. The character "长" in "齐长" is annotated as "zhǎng," with the reverse-sound annotation "丁丈反," and it is the same except in the "Six at the Top" Image Commentary. The character "邪" in "则邪" is annotated as "xié," with the reverse-sound annotation "似嗟反," and it is the same in the following text. The character "断" in "断制" is annotated as "duàn," with the reverse-sound annotation "丁乱反," and the annotations are the same. The character "上" in "泽上" is annotated as "shǎng," with the reverse-sound annotation "时掌反," and the annotations are the same. The character "施" in "以施" is annotated as "shì," with the reverse-sound annotation "始豉反," and the annotations are the same. The character "壮" in "壮于" is annotated as "zhuàng," with the reverse-sound annotation "侧亮反." The character "趾" in "前趾" is interpreted by Xun Shuang as "止." The character "惕" is annotated as "tì," with the reverse-sound annotation "勑历反"; Xun Shuang and Zhai氏 interpret it as "锡," meaning "to give as a gift." The character "号" is annotated as "háo," with the reverse-sound annotation "户羔反," and the annotations and following text are the same; Zheng Xuan and Wang Yi pronounce it as "hào." The character "莫" in "莫夜" is annotated as "mù," meaning "evening," with the reverse-sound annotation "暮," and the annotations are the same; Zheng Xuan reads it as the original character, interpreting it as "wu," meaning "not," suggesting that it is not a specific night but a general statement. The character "呼" in "号呼" is annotated as "hù," with the reverse-sound annotation "火故反." The character "頄" is annotated as "qiu," with the reverse-sound annotation "求," and the first character of the reverse-sound annotation is missing; it is interpreted as the cheekbone, and it is also pronounced "qiu" or "qiu lun fan"; Zhai氏 says it refers to the bone between the cheek and jaw; Zheng Xuan writes it as "頯," explaining it as the area between the face; Wang Su has another pronunciation, but the character is missing; Jiang氏 reads it as "qin wei fan"; Shu Cai writes it as "chou." The character "濡" in "若濡" is annotated as "rú," with the reverse-sound annotation "而朱反." The character "愠" in "有愠" is annotated as "yùn," with the reverse-sound annotation "纡运反," meaning "resentment"; the old pronunciation was "yu wen fan."

面權（如字字書作觀）。棄夫（本亦作去羌呂反）。情累（劣偽反）。臀（徐徒敦反）。次（本亦作趑或作文及鄭作趀同七私反注下同馬云郄行不前也，文倉卒也，下卦放此）。且（本亦作趄或作跙同七餘反注及下同馬云語助也，王肅云趑趄行止之礙也，下卦放此）。牽羊（苦年反，子夏作掔）。抵（丁禮反，本又作抵音同或作羝丁啼反）。很（胡懇反）。莧（閒辯反，三家音胡練反，一本作莞華板反）。陸（如字馬鄭云莧陸商陸也，宋衷云莧莧菜也，陸商陸也，虞云莧蕢也，陸商也，蜀才作睦睦親也，通也）。柔脆（七歳反）。至易（以豉反）。最比（毗志反）。號咷（徒刀反）。

"Face" is written as "面权" as the character is read; the character book writes it in another form. "Discard" in "弃夫" is sometimes written as "去" in some editions, read as "qù" (Qianglü pinyin). "Emotional burden" in "情累" is read as "lèi" with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "lüè wèi fǎn". "Buttock" is read as "tún" (Tudun pinyin) by Xu Miao. "Next" is sometimes written as "趑" or another variant; the "Shuowen Jiezi" (Sayings of the Master) and Zheng Xuan write it as "趀", both read as "zī" (Qisī pinyin), same as the annotations and the following text; Ma Rong says it means to hesitate, and the "Shuowen Jiezi" explains it as a rush; the lower trigram follows this example. "And" is sometimes written as "趄" or "跙", both read as "jū" (Qiyu pinyin), same as the annotations and the following text; Ma Rong says it is a particle, and Wang Su says "zī jū" means being hindered in movement; the lower trigram follows this example. "Tie a sheep" in "牵羊" is read as "qiān" with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "kǔ nián fǎn"; the "Zixia Commentary on the Changes" writes it as "掔". "Hit" is annotated as "dǐ" with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "dīng lǐ fǎn"; some editions write it as "抵", with the same pronunciation; or as "羝", read as "dīng tí fǎn". "Very" is annotated as "hěn" with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "hú kěn fǎn". "Bladderworts" is annotated as "xiàn" with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "xián biàn fǎn"; three schools read it as "hú liàn fǎn"; another edition writes it as "莞", read as "huá bǎn fǎn". "Land" is written as the character itself; Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan say "xian lu" is "Shang Lu"; Song Zhong says "xian" is "xian" and "lu" is "Shang Lu"; Yu Fan says "xian" is "kui" and "lu" is "Shang cao"; Shu Cai writes it as "mu", explaining it as close and as connected. "Crisp" in "柔脆" is read as "cuì" with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "qī suì fǎn". "Easy" in "至易" is read as "yì" with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "yǐ chǐ fǎn". "Compare" in "最比" is read as "bì" with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "pí zhì fǎn". "Crying" in "号咷" is read as "táo" with the reverse-slicing pronunciation "tú dāo fǎn".

姤（古豆反，薛云古文作遘鄭同序卦及皆云遇也，乾宮一世卦）。用娶（七喻反，本亦作取音同注及下同）。正乃（如字正亦作匹）。誥四方（李古報反鄭作詰起一反止也，王肅同）。柅（徐乃履反又女紀反廣雅云止也，文作檷云絡絲趺也，讀若暱字林音乃米反王肅作抳從手子夏作鑈蜀才作尼止也）。羸豕（劣隨反，王肅同鄭力追反陸讀為累）。蹢（直㦸反，徐治益反，一本作躑古文作）。

The character 「姤」is annotated as 「古豆反」, which is a reverse-sounding annotation, pronounced gòu; Xu Yu says the ancient text uses 「遘」, and Zheng Xuan agrees; both the 「Xugua Zhuan」and 「Zagua Zhuan」interpret it as 「meet」. This hexagram is the first hexagram of the Qian Palace. The character 「娶」in 「用娶」is annotated as 「七喻反」, pronounced qǔ; some versions use 「取」, which has the same pronunciation, and the annotations and following text are the same. The character 「正」in 「正乃」is read as the original character; 「正」is also written as 「匹」. The character 「诰」in 「诰四方」is read by Li Gui as 「古报反」, that is, gào; Zheng Xuan reads it as 「诘」, pronounced 「起一反」, meaning to stop, and Wang Su agrees. The character 「柅」is read by Xu Miao as 「乃履反」, that is, nǐ, and also as 「女纪反」; the 「Guangya」interprets it as to stop; the 「Shuowen Jiezi」writes it as 「檷」, saying it is a frame for winding silk, pronounced as 「昵」; the 「Zilin」pronounces it as 「乃米反」; Wang Su writes it as 「抳」with the hand radical, the 「Zixia Commentary on the Changes」writes it as 「鑈」, and Shu Cai writes it as 「尼」, all meaning to stop. The character 「羸」in 「羸豕」is annotated as 「劣随反」, pronounced léi, and Wang Su agrees; Zheng Xuan reads it as 「力追反」; Lu Ji reads it as 「累」. The character 「蹢」is annotated as 「直㦸反」, pronounced zhí; Xu Miao reads it as 「治益反」; another version uses 「踯」, and the ancient text uses another character form.

躅（直録反，本亦作䠱蹢躅不靜也，古文作）。牝（頻忍反）。豭（音家）。包有（本亦作庖同白交反下同鄭百交反虞云白茅苞之荀作胞）。利賓（如字）。擅人（市戰反）。逺民（萬反）。以（音起張云苟馬云大木也，鄭云柳也，薛云柳柔韌木也，並同）。包瓜（白交反，子夏作苞馬鄭百交反音工花反）。不舎（音舍下同）。所復（扶又反）。物爭（爭之爭下卦同）。

The character 「躅」is annotated as 「直録反」, which is a reverse-sound annotation, read as zhú; some editions use 「䠱」instead. 「蹢躅」means wandering restlessly; in ancient texts it is another character form. 「牝」is annotated as 「频忍反」, read as pìn. 「豭」is pronounced like 「家」, read as jiā. The character 「包」in 「包有」, some editions use 「庖」, both read as 「白交反」, that is bāo, the same below; Zheng Xuan reads it as 「百交反」; Yu Fan says it refers to wrapping with white reeds; Xu Shuang reads it as 「胞」. 「利宾」is read as the original character. The character 「擅」in 「擅人」is annotated as 「市战反」, read as shàn. The character 「逿」in 「逿民」is the same as 「远」, annotated as 「万反」, the first part of the reverse-sound annotation is missing, the character is read as yuàn. The character following 「以」is missing, annotated as 「音起」, read as qǐ; Zhang氏 says it is 「苟」, Ma Rong says it refers to a big tree, Zheng Xuan says it refers to willow, Xue Yu says it refers to flexible trees like willow, all these interpretations are consistent. The character 「包」in 「包瓜」is annotated as 「白交反」, read as bāo; 「子夏易传」reads it as 「苞」; Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan read it as 「百交反」; 「瓜」is annotated as 「工花反」. The character 「舎」in 「不舎」is pronounced like 「舍」, same below. The character 「复」in 「所复」is annotated as 「扶又反」, read as fù. The character 「争」in 「物争」is read as the same as 「争斗」's 「争」, same as the lower trigram.

萃（在李反，及序卦皆云聚也，兊宮二世卦）。亨（王肅本同馬鄭陸虞等並無此字）。王假（更白反）。以（音恱下注皆同）。則邪（似嗟反）。孝享（香兩反）。聚以正（荀作取以正）。澤上（時掌反）。除戎器（如字，本亦作儲又作治王肅姚陸云除猶修治師同鄭云除去也，蜀才云除去戎器修行文德也，荀作慮）。若號（絶句戸報反馬鄭王肅王廙戶羔反）。一握（烏學反，氏作渥鄭云握當讀為夫三為屋之屋蜀才同）。

The annotation for 「萃」 says 「in Li's reverse」, which is a reverse-sounding annotation, pronounced cuì; both the Hexagram Statement and the Sequence of Hexagrams explain it as gathering. This hexagram is the second generation hexagram of the Dui hexagram. The character 「亨」 appears in Wang Su's version, but not in Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, Lu Ji, Yu Fan, or other versions. The character 「假」 in 「王假」 is pronounced gé, as noted by 「geng bai fan」. The next annotation's initial character is missing, but it is annotated as 「yuè」, pronounced yuè, and the same pronunciation is used throughout the rest of the annotations. The character 「邪」 in 「则邪」 is pronounced xié, as noted by 「si jie fan」. The character 「享」 in 「孝享」 is pronounced xiǎng, as noted by 「xiang liang fan」. The phrase 「聚以正」 in Xun Shuang's version is 「取以正」. The character 「上」 in 「泽上」 is pronounced shǎng, as noted by 「shi zhang fan」. The character 「除」 in 「除戎器」 is read as the original character; some versions read it as 「储」 or 「治」; Wang Su, Yao Xin, Lu Ji say 「除」 means to repair or maintain, and this is also the view of Shi; Zheng Xuan explains it as removing; Shu Cai says it means removing weapons and cultivating literary virtue; Xun Shuang reads it as 「虑」. The phrase 「若号」 is divided with 「号」 read as hào, as noted by 「hu bao fan」; Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, Wang Su, and Wang Yi read it as háo, as noted by 「hu gao fan」. The character 「握」 in 「一握」 is pronounced wò, as noted by 「wu xue fan」; some versions read it as 「渥」; Zheng Xuan says 「握」 should be read as the 「屋」 in 「夫三为屋」, and Shu Cai agrees.

至好（呼報反）。愞（乃亂反）。正（本亦作匹）。妃（音配）。禴（羊略反，殷春祭名馬王肅同鄭云夏祭名蜀才作躍劉作）。多僻（匹亦反）。以逺（萬反）。之省（生領反，下同）。以比（毗志反）。未光也（一本作志未光也）。齎（徐將池反王肅將啼反）。諮（音諮又將利反齎諮嗟嘆之辭也，鄭同馬云悲聲怨聲）。涕（徐音體）。洟（他麗反，又音夷鄭云自目曰涕自鼻曰洟）。

The character "好" in "至好" is pronounced hào, as indicated by the reverse-sounding annotation "呼报反." The character "愞" is annotated "乃乱反," meaning it is pronounced nuò. The character following "正" is sometimes written as "匹" in other versions. The character "妃" is pronounced pèi, same as "配." The character "禴" is annotated "羊略反," meaning it is pronounced yuè, and refers to a spring sacrifice in the Yin dynasty; both Ma Rong and Wang Su agree with this. Zheng Xuan says it refers to a summer sacrifice; Shu Cai reads it as "跃," and Liu Huan reads it as a variant form. The character "僻" in "多僻" is pronounced pì, as indicated by "匹亦反." The character "逺" in "以逺" is the same as "远," annotated "万反," but the first character of the reverse-sounding annotation is missing, and the character is pronounced yuàn. The character "省" in "之省" is annotated "生领反," meaning it is pronounced shěng, and the same pronunciation is used later. The character "比" in "以比" is annotated "毗志反," meaning it is pronounced bì. Another version of "未光也" reads "志未光也." The character "赍" is pronounced jī by Xu Mai, as indicated by "将池反," and pronounced jiang ti by Wang Su. The character "咨" is pronounced "谘," which is also read as "将利反." "赍咨" is a term of exclamation; Zheng Xuan agrees with this. Ma Rong says it refers to a sound of sorrow or complaint. The character "涕" is pronounced tì by Xu Mai. The character "洟" is annotated "他丽反," meaning it is pronounced tì, and also pronounced "夷." Zheng Xuan says that tears from the eyes are called "涕" and tears from the nose are called "洟."

升（式陵反，序卦云上也，上音時掌反鄭本作升馬云髙也，震宮四世卦）。用見大人（本或作利見）。以順德（如字王肅同，本又作愼師同姚本德作得）。以髙大（本或作以成髙大）。允當（如字下同）。閒邪（似嗟反）。升虛（如字空也，徐去餘反馬云丘也）。用亨（許庚反，通也，馬鄭陸王肅許兩反馬云祭也，鄭云獻也）。岐山（其冝反，或祁支反）。攘來（如羊反）。冥（覓經反，闇昧之義也，注同又云日冥也）。則喪（息浪反）。

"Sheng" is annotated as "Shi Ling Fan," which is a reverse-sound annotation, read as sheng; the "Xu Gua Zhuan" explains it as "Shang," which is annotated as "Shi Zhang Fan," meaning shang; Zheng Xuan's version is "Sheng," and Ma Rong explains it as "Gao." This hexagram is the fourth generational hexagram of the Zhen family. "Yong Jian Da Ren" is sometimes written as "Li Jian." "Yi Shun De" is read as is, and Wang Su agrees; some versions read it as "Shen," which is the same as the commentary by the master. Yao Xin's version reads "De" as "De." "Yi Gao Da" is sometimes written as "Yi Cheng Gao Da." "Yun Dang" is read as is, and the following text is the same. "Xian Xie" is read as "Xie," which is annotated as "Si Jie Fan," meaning xie. "Sheng Xu" is read as "Xu," meaning empty; Xu Miao reads it as "Qu Yu Fan," meaning qu, and Ma Rong explains it as "Qiu." "Yong Heng" is annotated as "Xu Geng Fan," meaning heng, meaning to be smooth; Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, Lu Ji, and Wang Su read it as "Xu Liang Fan," meaning xiang, and Ma Rong explains it as "Ji," Zheng Xuan explains it as "Xian." "Qi Shan" is annotated as "Qi Yi Fan," meaning qi, or read as "Qi Zhi Fan." "Rang Lai" is annotated as "Ru Yang Fan," meaning rang. "Ming" is annotated as "Mi Jing Fan," meaning ming, meaning darkness, and the annotation is the same; there is another explanation meaning sunset. "Ze Sang" is annotated as "Xi Lang Fan," meaning sang.

困（窮也，窮悴掩蔽之義故云剛掩也，廣雅云困悴也，兊宮一世卦）。剛揜（本又作掩於撿反李於範反虞作弇）。以（音恱卦內同）。固窮（如字或作困窮非）。臀（徒敦反）。株木（張愚反）。幽谷（徐古木反）。不覿（大曆反，見也，注同）。獲拯（拯救之拯）。隱遯（徒困反）。數歳（色柱反，本亦作三歳）。困解（音蟹）。朱紱（音弗下同）。享祀（許兩反，注同）。難之（乃旦反）。不勝（音升）。豐衍（延善反）。蒺（音疾）。蔾（音棃蒺蔾茨草）。上比（毗志反）。焉得（於䖍反）。來徐徐（徐徐疑懼貌馬云安行貌子夏作荼荼翟同荼音圖云內不定之意王肅作余余）。

"The character '困' is interpreted as 'poverty' or 'distress,' conveying the meaning of being in a state of hardship, exhausted, and obscured by others. Therefore, the Commentary on the Judgment says 'the strong is concealed.' The Guangya says '困' means 'worn out.' This hexagram is the first hexagram of the兑 (Lake) trigram. The character '揜' in '刚揜' is sometimes written as '掩' in other versions. '于捡反' is a reverse-sounding annotation, pronounced yǎn. Li Gui pronounces it '于范反.' Yu Fan uses '弇.' The first character of the next line is missing, and it is annotated as '音恱,' pronounced yuè, which is the same within the hexagram. '固穷' is read as written; some versions read it as '困穷,' which is incorrect. '臀' is annotated as '徒敦反,' pronounced tún. '株木' is '株,' annotated as '张愚反,' pronounced zhū. '幽谷' is '谷,' pronounced gǔ according to Xu Miao's reading. '不觌' is '觌,' annotated as '大历反,' pronounced dí, meaning 'to see,' with the same annotation. '获拯' is read as '拯,' the same as in '拯救.' '隐遯' is '遯,' annotated as '徒困反,' pronounced dùn. '数歳' is '数,' annotated as '色柱反,' pronounced shǔ; some versions read it as '三歳.' '困解' is '解,' pronounced xiè. '朱绂' is '绂,' annotated as '弗,' pronounced fú, same in the following text. '享祀' is '享,' annotated as '许两反,' pronounced xiǎng, same in the annotation. '难之' is '难,' annotated as '乃旦反,' pronounced nàn. '不胜' is '胜,' annotated as '升,' pronounced shēng. '丰衍' is '衍,' annotated as '延善反,' pronounced yǎn. '蒺' is pronounced jí. '蔾' is pronounced lí; '蒺蔾' is a type of thorny plant. '上比' is '比,' annotated as '毗志反,' pronounced bì. '焉得' is '焉,' annotated as '于䖍反,' pronounced yān. '来徐徐' is a description of apprehension; Ma Rong interprets it as a description of walking calmly; the Zixia Commentary on the Changes reads it as '荼荼,' and Zhai Shi agrees, with '荼' pronounced '图,' meaning inner uncertainty; Wang Su reads it as '余余.'"

金車（本亦作金輿）。劓（徐魚器反）。刖（徐五刮反又音月荀王肅本劓刖作臲云不安貌陸同鄭云劓刖當為倪㐳京作劓劊案文劊斷也）。祭祀（本亦作享祀）。遐逺（本或作遐邇）。藟（力軌反，似葛之草，本又作虆毛詩草木䟽云一名巨荒似蘡薁連蔓而生幽州人謂之蓷虆）。臲（五結反，王肅妍喆反文作㓷牛列反薛同）。卼（五骨反，又音月文作云不安也，薛又作杌字同）。曰動悔（音越向云言其無不然）。令生（力呈反）。

"Gold carriage" is sometimes written as "gold carriage." The character "劓" is read by Xu Miao as "yu qi fan" which is yì. The character "刖" is read by Xu Miao as "wu gua fan," also pronounced "yue"; Xu Shuang and Wang Su's versions write "劓刖" as "niè wù," meaning an appearance of unease, which is also the reading of Lu Ji; Zheng Xuan says "劓刖" should be "ni qí"; Jing Fang writes it as "劓刽," according to the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi," "刽" means to cut off. "Worship" is sometimes written as "offer sacrifices." "Remote" is sometimes written as "near and far." "Lěi" is annotated as "li guǐ fan," which is a reverse-slicing pronunciation, read as lěi, referring to a type of climbing vine; some versions write it as "léi"; the "Mao Shi Cao Mu Shu" says it is also called "ju huang," similar to "yin yu," growing in clusters, and is called "tui lei" by people of Youzhou. "Niè" is annotated as "wu jie fan," read as niè; Wang Su reads it as "yan zhe fan"; the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" writes it as "zhi," read as "niu lie fan," which is also the reading of Xue Yu. "Wù" is annotated as "wu gu fan," read as wù, also pronounced "yue"; the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" writes it as a variant character, meaning unease; Xue Yu also writes it as "wu," which is the same character. The "says movement and regret" is read as "yue"; Xiang Xiu says this refers to the idea that there is no place where this is not the case. The "command to be born" is read as "ling," with the pronunciation "li cheng fan."