Discussing the form with excess

形之有餘者，頭頂圓厚，腹背豐隆，額闊四方，唇紅齒白，耳圓成輪，鼻直如膽，眼分黑白，眉秀疏長，肩膊臍厚，胸前平廣，腹圓垂下，行坐端正，五嶽朝起，三停相稱，肉膩骨細，手長足方，望之巍巍然而來，視之怡怡而去，此皆謂形有餘也。形有餘者，令人長壽無病，富貴之榮矣。

the so-called "shape in excess" refers to the body being fully and plumply developed everywhere: the head is round and thick, the abdomen and back are full and prominent, the forehead is broad and square, the lips are red and the teeth are white, the ears are round with clear contours, the nose bridge is straight like a hanging jade, the eyes are clear with distinct black and white, the eyebrows are neat, elegant, and long, the shoulders are solid, the navel is deep, the chest is flat and wide, the abdomen is round and hangs down, and the posture when walking or sitting is upright. The five mountains converge and rise, the three parts are in harmony with each other, the muscles are fine and the bones are delicate, the hands are long and the feet are square. From afar, he appears majestic and respectful, and when he leaves, he appears gentle and approachable. All these are called shape in excess. Those with shape in excess are long-lived and healthy, enjoying honor and wealth.

神之有餘者，眼光清瑩，顧盼不斜，眉秀而長，精神聳動，容色澄徹，舉止汪洋。恢然遠視，若秋日之照霜天；巍然近矚，似和風之動春花。臨事剛毅，如猛獸之步深山；出泉迢遙，似丹風而翔雲路。

The term "spiritual surplus" refers to a state where one's spirit is abundant and outwardly expressed: the eyes are bright, clear, and moist, looking left and right without glancing sideways, the eyebrows are neat and long, the spirit is vigorous and active, the face and complexion are clear and bright, and the demeanor is broad and open. From a distance, one appears grand and expansive, like the autumn sun shining upon a frost-cleared sky; up close, one appears solemn and dignified, like a gentle spring breeze stirring the flowers. When facing matters, one is strong and resolute, like a fierce beast moving steadily in the deep mountains; once emerging, one's future is vast and distant, like a red phoenix flying through the clouds.

其坐也如界石不動，其臥也如棲鴉不遙，其行也洋洋然如平水之流，其立也昂昂然如孤峰之聳。言不妄發，性不妄躁，喜怒不動其心，榮辱不易其操，萬態紛錯於前，而心常一，則可謂神有餘也。神有餘者，皆為上貴之人，凶災難人其身，天祿永其終矣。

Such a person sits motionless like a boundary marker, sleeps calmly like a resting crow, walks leisurely like water flowing over flat ground, and stands upright like a solitary peak. He speaks without hasty words, his nature is not capriciously restless, and his mind remains undisturbed by joy or anger, nor does his conduct change with honor or disgrace. Amidst countless matters presented before him, his heart remains focused. This can be called having an excess of spirit. Those who have an excess of spirit are all top-ranking noblemen, and calamities and dangers find it hard to penetrate their bodies. The blessings bestowed by heaven can be maintained throughout their lives.

形不足者，頭頂尖蒲，肩膊狹斜，腰肋疏細，肘節短促，掌薄指疏，唇賽額撻，鼻仰耳反，腰低胸陷，一眉曲一眉直，一眼仰一眼低，一睛大一睛小，一顴高一顴低，一手有紋一手無紋，唾中眼開，言作女音，齒黃而露，口臭而尖，禿頂無眾髮，眼深不見睛，行步奇側，顏色萎怯，頭小而身大，上短而下長，此之謂形不足也。形不足者，多疾而短命，福薄而貧賤矣。

the so-called "shape deficiency" refers to a lack in all aspects of physical form: the head is sharp and thin, the shoulders are narrow and slanted, the waist and ribs are sparse and weak, the elbows are short and stiff, the palms are thin and the fingers are sparse, the lips are tight and retracted, the forehead is sunken, the nose points upward, the ears are inverted, the waist is low and sunken, and the chest is concave. The eyebrows are uneven, one arched and the other straight; the eyes are one looking up and the other down, the pupils are of different sizes, the cheekbones are uneven in height, one hand has palm lines while the other does not. In sleep, the eyes remain open; the voice resembles that of a woman. The teeth are yellow and exposed, the mouth emits a foul odor, and the tip of the mouth is thin. The head is bald and the hair is sparse, the eye sockets are deep and the pupils are not visible. The gait is crooked, the complexion is pale and yellow, and the person appears timid. The head is small while the body is large, the upper body is short and the lower body is long. All these are called shape deficiency. Those with shape deficiency are prone to illness and have short lifespans, they lack fortune and are poor and lowly in status.

神不足者，似醉不醉，常如病酒；不愁似愁，常如憂戚；不唾似睡，繞睡便覺；不哭似哭，常如驚怖；不嗔似嗔，不喜似喜，不驚似驚，不痴似痴，不畏似畏，容止昏亂，色濁似染；顛癇神色悽傖，常如大失；恍您張惶，常如恐怖；言語瑟縮似羞隱藏，貌兒低摧如遭凌辱；色初鮮而後暗，語初快而後吶。此皆謂神不足也。神不足者，多招牢獄之厄，宮亦主失位矣。

The term "spiritual deficiency" refers to a state of scattered and confused spirit, appearing as if drunk but not actually drunk, often resembling the lingering effects of alcohol; without any worries yet appearing troubled, often showing a melancholic expression; not sleepy yet seeming to be asleep, falling asleep but then suddenly waking up; without crying yet seeming as if having cried, often displaying a look of fear; not angry yet seeming angry, not happy yet seeming happy, not startled yet seeming startled, not foolish yet seeming foolish, not afraid yet seeming afraid; the appearance and demeanor are confused and disordered, the complexion is dull and muddied as if stained; the expression is sorrowful and frantic, like someone having a seizure, often appearing as if having lost something important; in a state of confusion and panic, as if in fear; speech is hesitant and timid, as if there is something shameful to hide; the appearance is low and depressed, as if having suffered a great humiliation; the complexion first appears bright but then turns dark, speech first flows smoothly but then becomes stammering. All these are called spiritual deficiency. People with spiritual deficiency are prone to legal troubles and are likely to lose their official positions if they hold office.

相人之身，以骨為主，以肉為佐；以骨為形，以肉為容；以骨為君，以肉為臣。然臣不能制君，反為之逆理。若形好容惡，至老不作；容好形惡，乍苦乍樂。假使形容俱好，若有紋癮黑子，亦不為佳。夫紋欲得深而正，黑子欲得大而明。

Assessing a person's body, one should focus primarily on the bones and secondarily on the flesh; bones are the foundation of form, while flesh is the outer appearance. Bones are like the sovereign, and flesh is like the minister. The minister should not suppress the sovereign, and if the flesh overpowers the bones, it is against the natural order. If the bone structure is good but the flesh is poor (good form but bad appearance), one will find it difficult to achieve great things in old age; if the flesh is good but the bones are poor (good appearance but poor form), one will experience ups and downs, with periods of hardship and ease. Even if both bones and flesh are good, the presence of scars or dark spots on the body is not considered excellent. The patterns on the body should be deep and properly aligned, and dark spots should be large and bright.

凡相面見顴骨肉薄而開方者，主有權衡；若肉大骨藏，則無權衡，其人縱有官職，但常調而已。凡有相之人，或居貧賤，如鳳在地，不久必翔；無相之人，忽居富貴，如草非時而生，非地而出矣，必愈疾也。

When examining facial features, if the area around the cheekbones is thin and the bone structure is broad and square, this person holds power. If the flesh is thick and covers the bone, then they lack power. Even if such a person holds an official position, they will only follow routine and be transferred without advancement. Those who inherently have a good face, even if they are currently in poverty and low status, are like a phoenix temporarily resting on the ground; soon they will surely rise again. Those who originally lack a good face but suddenly find themselves in wealth and high position are like grass growing out of season or in unsuitable soil; they will certainly wither quickly.

骨節相金石，欲峻不欲橫，欲圓不欲粗。瘦者不欲露骨，肉不稱骨而骨露，乃多難有禍之人也；肥者不欲露肉，肥滯之人也不欲蒲，或滿而盈者乃是死人之相也。骨與肉相稱，氣與血相應。骨寒而縮者，不貧則天，謂背額而停倔，骨寒而肩聳。大凡物有不全，貧賤壽富天折，故曰不貧則夭。

The bones should be as firm as metal and stone, high and upright rather than spreading out sideways, round and smooth rather than rough. A thin person should not have prominent bones; when the flesh does not match the bones and the bones are exposed, this is a sign of many misfortunes. A fat person should not have loose and flabby flesh; those who are overweight and sluggish should not have thin and weak flesh. If the flesh is swollen and full, it is a sign of impending death. The bones and flesh should be in harmony, and the qi and blood should correspond with each other. Those with weak and thin bones and a shrunken body will not be poor but will die young. This refers to the back and forehead being uneven, the bones being cold and the shoulders raised. Generally, if something is incomplete, poverty and low status, or wealth and longevity, or death will follow. Therefore, it is said, 'If not poor, then death.'

日角之左、月角之右，有骨直起為金城骨，位至三公。印堂有骨上至天庭，名天校骨；從天庭貫頂，名伏犀骨，並位至三公。面上有骨卓起，名為顴骨，主權勢。顴骨相連人耳，名王梁骨，主壽考。自臂至肘為龍骨，象君，欲長而大；自肘至腕名虎骨，象臣，欲短而細。骨欲峻而舒，圓而堅，直而應節，緊而不租，皆堅實之象。

On the left side of the left eyebrow's angle and the right side of the right eyebrow's angle, if there is a straight and prominent bone, it is called "Jincheng Bone," indicating a high official position, possibly reaching the rank of the Three Dukes. If there is a bone rising from the area of the forehead to the top of the head, it is called "Tianzhu Bone" (the original text says "Tianxiao Bone"); if the bone runs straight from the forehead to the top of the head, it is called "Fuxi Bone," and both of these also indicate a high official position. A prominent bone on the face is called "Quan Bone," indicating authority. If the Quan Bone extends backward to the ear, it is called "Yuliang Bone" (the original text says "Wangliang Bone"), indicating longevity. The bone from the upper arm to the elbow is called "Long Bone," symbolizing the sovereign, and should be long and thick; the bone from the elbow to the wrist is called "Hu Bone," symbolizing the minister, and should be short and thin—ministers should not surpass the sovereign. Bones should be high and prominent, broad and firm, straight and in proper measure, compact yet not rough, all of which indicate strong and solid bones.

顴骨入鬢，名驛馬骨。左目上曰日角骨，右目上曰月角骨。骨齊耳為將軍骨，撓日員為龍角骨，兩溝外曰巨鏊骨，額中正兩邊為龍角骨。

A bone extending backward into the hairline is called "Yi Ma Gu," indicating a person who gains official rank through travel and activity. The bone above the left eye is called "Ri Jiao Gu," and the one above the right eye is called "Yue Jiao Gu," both indicating the fortune of parents. A bone growing level with the ears is called "Jiang Jun Gu," indicating military prestige. A bone rising roundly around the "Ri Jiao" is called "Long Jiao Gu." Bones outside the two法令沟 are called "Ju Ao Gu," and the bones on both sides of the forehead are also called "Long Jiao Gu." Each of these bones has a specific name and corresponds to a particular noble destiny.

詩曰：骨不聳今且不露，又要圓清兼秀氣。骨為陽兮肉為陰，陰不多今陽不附。若得陰陽骨肉均，少年不貴終身富。骨聳者天，骨露者無立，骨軟弱者壽而不樂，骨橫者凶，骨輕者貧賤，骨俗者愚濁，骨寒者窮薄，骨圓者有福，骨孤者無親。

The poem says: bones should not be too prominent or exposed, but should be round, clear, and refined with a touch of elegance. Bones belong to yang, while flesh belongs to yin; if yin is not excessive, yang will not be without support. If yin and yang are in harmony and bones and flesh are balanced, the person may not be wealthy in youth, but will certainly be rich throughout their life. Individually, bones that are overly prominent lead to a short life; bones that are exposed without flesh result in instability in career; soft bones may lead to a long life but lack happiness; bones that grow sideways indicate misfortune; bones that are light and thin indicate poverty and low status; bones that are vulgar and coarse indicate ignorance and confusion; bones that are thin and frail indicate poverty; bones that are round and smooth indicate good fortune; and bones that are isolated and lack support indicate that the Six Relations are unreliable.

又云：木骨瘦而青黑色，兩頭粗大，主多窮厄；水骨兩頭尖，富貴不可言；火骨兩頭粗，無德賤如奴；士骨大而皮粗厚，子多而又富；肉骨堅硬，壽而不樂。或有旋生頭角骨者，則享晚年福祿；或旋生頤額者，則晚年至富也。

It is also said that people with the bone structure of wood are thin and have a bluish-black complexion, with thick ends, and they often face poverty and hardships; those with the bone structure of water have pointed ends, and they will achieve great wealth; those with the bone structure of fire have thick ends, and they lack virtue and are lowly, like servants; those with the bone structure of earth have large bones and thick skin, and they have many children and are wealthy; those with hard bones will live long but lack peace and comfort. If someone later develops bones on their forehead, they will enjoy happiness and blessings in their old age; if bones develop on their chin or cheeks, they will become very wealthy in their old age.

詩曰：貴人骨節細圓長，骨上無筋肉又香。君骨與臣相應輔，不愁無位食天倉。骨粗豈得豐衣食，部位應無且莫求。龍虎不須相剋陷，筋纏骨上賤堪憂。

The poem says: A nobleman's bones are fine, round, and long, with no blue veins winding around them, and his muscles carry a fragrant scent. The "king bone" on the upper arm and the "minister bone" on the lower arm correspond and support each other, so there is no worry of lacking official position or salary. Those with coarse bone structures cannot have abundant clothing and food. If the facial features do not match, there is no need to force matters. The dragon bone on the upper arm and the tiger bone on the lower arm must not mutually control and indent each other; if blue veins wrap around the bones, this is a lowly appearance, which is very concerning.

肉所以生血而藏骨，其象猶土生萬物而成萬物者也。豐不欲有餘，瘦不欲不足。有餘則陰勝於陽，不足則陽勝於陰。陰陽相勝，謂一偏之相。淘為陰，骨為陽。陰有餘神則生血，陽有餘神則生氣。肉以堅而實，直而聳。肉不欲在骨之內，為陰不足；骨不欲生肉之外，為陽有餘也。

The function of flesh is to nourish blood and contain bones. Its appearance is like the earth producing and completing all things. The flesh should be full but not excessive, and thin but not insufficient. Excessiveness indicates that yin overpowers yang, while insufficiency indicates that yang overpowers yin. When one aspect of yin and yang dominates the other, it is called a biased and withered appearance. Flesh belongs to yin, and bones belong to yang. Excess yin qi allows the spirit to generate blood; excess yang qi allows the spirit to generate vital qi. The flesh should be firm and full, straight and with natural contours. The flesh should not be retracted inside the bones, which indicates insufficient yin; the bones should not protrude outside the flesh, which indicates excess yang.

故曰人肥則氣短，馬肥則氣喘，是以肉不欲多，骨不欲少也。暴肥氣喘，速死之期。肉不欲橫，橫則性剛而暴；肉不欲緩，緩則性懦而怕。人肥不欲亂紋路，路漏者近死之兆。肉慾香而暖，色慾白而潤，皮欲細而滑，皆美質也。色昏而枯，皮黑而臭，寵多加塊，非令相也。若夫神不稱枝幹，筋不束骨，肉不居體，皮不包肉，速死之應也。

Therefore, when a person becomes fat, their breath becomes short; when a horse becomes fat, it breathes heavily. From this we can understand that too much flesh is not good, and too little bone is not good. If someone suddenly becomes fat and breathes heavily, it is a sign that death is near. Muscles should not grow in an unruly manner; those with such muscles are impetuous and fierce. Muscles should not be loose and slack; those with such muscles are timid and cowardly. A person who becomes fat should not have chaotic markings on their body; scattered markings are a sign of impending death. Muscles should be fragrant and warm, the skin white and moist, and the skin fine and smooth; these are all signs of good constitution. Conversely, if the skin is dark and dry, the skin is black and has a foul smell, and there are many warts or lumps on the body, it is not a good appearance. As for when the spirit does not match the body, the tendons cannot hold the bones, the flesh does not cover the body, and the skin cannot cover the flesh, these are all signs of imminent death.

詩曰：骨人肉細滑如苔，紅白光凝富貴來。揣著如綿兼又暖，一生終是少凶災。肉緊皮粗最不堪，急如繃鼓命難長。黑多紅少須多滯，遍體生光性急剛。欲識貴人公輔相，芝蘭不帶自然香。

The poem says: Those with good bone structure have smooth and soft flesh like moss, with a rosy and pale complexion that is lustrous and concentrated, and prosperity comes naturally to them. When pressed, their flesh is soft as cotton and warm, and such people rarely encounter misfortune. Conversely, those with tight and rough skin are the worst; if their skin is as tight as a drumhead, their lifespan is short. Those with mostly black and little red skin often face obstacles, while those whose whole body shines are impetuous and fierce in temperament. To recognize the appearance of a high-ranking official like a Grand Minister, observe that he does not wear fragrant herbs like chrysanthemum or orchid, yet naturally exudes a subtle fragrance.

眉緊鼻端平，耳須聳義明。海口仰弓形，晚運必通亨。緊者，眉不散疏也；端者，正也；平者，直也；聳者，提起也；明者，稜角分明也；大而有收拾為海角，朝上而不露齒曰弓。晚運專指口言。

The Five Organs Summary says: eyebrows should be closely gathered, the nose should be upright and straight, the ears should be high and clearly defined, and the mouth should be wide like the sea, with the corners of the mouth upward like a bow. This indicates that one's fortune in old age will be smooth and prosperous. Here is the explanation of each word: "Tight" means the eyebrows are not scattered or sparse; "Upright" means straight; "Level" means straight; "High" means the ears are lifted upward; "Clear" means the outline of the ears is distinct. A wide mouth that is well-defined is called "Hai Kou" (Sea Mouth), and a mouth with corners upward that does not show teeth when smiling is called "Gong" (Bow). The term "late fortune" specifically refers to the mouth.

五官者，一曰耳為採聽官，二曰眉為保壽官，三曰眼為監察官，四曰鼻為審辨官，五曰口為出納官。《大統賦》云：一官成，十年之貴顯；一府就，十載之富豐。但於五官之中，倘得一官成，可享十年之貴也。如得五官俱成，其貴老終。

The five organs are: first, the ears are called "Caiting Guan" (the organ of listening and discerning); second, the eyebrows are called "Baoshou Guan" (the organ of preserving longevity); third, the eyes are called "Jiancha Guan" (the organ of supervision and inspection); fourth, the nose is called "Shenbian Guan" (the organ of discernment and judgment); fifth, the mouth is called "Chunua Guan" (the organ of speech and expression). The "Da Tong Fu" says: if one organ is formed properly, there will be ten years of high status; if one palace is formed properly, there will be ten years of wealth. Therefore, if one of the five organs is formed properly, one can enjoy ten years of prestige; if all five organs are formed properly, this wealth and honor can last until old age.

採聽官：耳須要色鮮，高聳於眉，輪廓完成，貼肉敦厚，風門寬大，謂之採聽官成。保壽官：眉須要寬廣清長，雙分入鬢，或如懸犀新月之樣，魚尾豐盈高居額中，乃為保壽官成。監察官：眼須要含藏不露，黑白分明，瞳子端定，光彩射人，或細長極寸，乃為監察官成。

The official of hearing (ear): The ears should be bright in color, high and prominent above the eyebrows, with complete inner and outer contours, thick and firm at the root, and wide ear holes (wind gates). This is called the official of hearing being formed, indicating smooth childhood and widespread reputation. The official of longevity (brow): The eyebrows should be broad, clear, and long, spreading out to the sides into the hair, or shaped like hanging rhinoceros horns or a new crescent moon; the area near the end of the eyebrows (fish tail) should be full, and the eyebrows should be high in the middle of the forehead. This is called the official of longevity being formed, indicating intelligence and long life. The official of inspection (eyes): The eyes should be inward-looking and not overly exposed, with clear black and white, a centered and steady pupil, bright and radiant, and a long, slender shape reaching one inch. This is called the official of inspection being formed, indicating nobility and a righteous heart.

審辨官：鼻須要樑柱端直，印堂平闊，山根連印，年壽高隆，難圓庫起，形如懸瞻，齊如截筒，色鮮黃明，乃為審辨官成。出納官：口須要方大，唇紅端厚，角弓開大合小，乃為出納官成。

The official of examination and discernment (nose): The nose column should be upright and straight, with the area between the eyebrows (the forehead) flat, full, and wide. The bridge of the nose should connect upward to the forehead, with the middle part of the nose, known as 'year position' and 'longevity position,' high and prominent. The tip of the nose should be round, with the nostrils resembling a storage chamber (the original text 'difficult to be round and storage chamber' should be 'properly round and storage chamber'), shaped like a hanging gallbladder, neat like a cut bamboo tube, and with a bright yellow and moist color. This is the formation of the official of examination and discernment, indicating strong wealth in middle age and decisive judgment. The official of revenue and expenditure (mouth): The mouth should be square and large, with red and proper lips that are thick and solid, and the corners of the mouth shaped like a bow. When the mouth is open, it appears large; when closed, it appears small. This is the formation of the official of revenue and expenditure, indicating abundant clothing and sustenance in old age.

成敗傾奇。傾，缺也；奇，低也。傾奇主破散成敗也。《萬金相》云：左耳缺先損父，右耳缺先損母，左右廢缺雙親並損，主妨克離祖，亦不奇低十眉也。詩曰：偏堂降地，破祖無疑，兄弟稀少，自身不利。偏堂，耳名也；又口降地，耳低於眉。

The first point of ear shape, called "Qing Qi," indicates a person's success and failure in life. "Qing" refers to a missing part of the earlobe, and "Qi" refers to the ear being positioned lower. If the ear is missing or low, it indicates the family's fortune will be broken, and success and failure will be unpredictable. The "Wan Jin Xiang" states that if the left ear is missing, the father will suffer first; if the right ear is missing, the mother will suffer first; if both ears are missing, both parents will suffer. Such people will harm their six relations, leave their ancestral property behind, and their ears should not be lower than the eyebrows. A poem says: when the ear (called "Pian Tang" in physiognomy) hangs low, it is certain that the ancestral fortune will be ruined, brothers will be few, and the person himself will not be smooth. "Pian Tang" is another name for the ear; "Jiang Di" means the ear's position is lower than the eyebrows.

聰明高聳。高聳，過於眉也。郭林宗曰：耳為君，眉為臣，君宜上而臣宜下。高起過眉者，主貴，聰明文學，才俊富貴也。《萬金相》云：耳高眉□寸，永不受貧困。又曰耳如攜起名播人耳。宋齊丘曰：耳齊日角，曰大貴。許負臼：耳能齊日角，曾服不死藥。又主乎生病少壽長，才智過人。

The second point states that high ears indicate intelligence.the so-called "high" means the upper edge of the ear exceeds the eyebrows. Guo Linzong said: the ear is the sovereign, the eyebrow is the minister; the sovereign should be above, the minister below, so the ear should be higher than the eyebrows. Ears higher than the eyebrows indicate nobility, intelligence, and literary talent. The "Ten Thousand Gold on Physiognomy" says: if the ear is one inch higher than the eyebrows (the original text here is missing the character "一"), one will never suffer poverty. It also says that if the ear is raised high like being lifted, the person's reputation will be known by many. Song Qixiu said: if the upper edge of the ear is level with the sun angle on the forehead, it is called great nobility. Xu Fu said: if the ear is level with the sun angle, it is like having taken the elixir of immortality; such a person will have few illnesses, long life, and extraordinary intelligence.

皮粗青黑飄蓬。郭林宗曰：左耳為金星，右耳為木星，色鮮者貴而安穩。若皮粗及青色黑而幹者，主□生奔馳南北，散走他鄉，終無定基也。宋齊丘曰：皮粗青黑，走異鄉。《廣鑑集》云：耳輪青黑，腎藏喪不久也。

The third section states that people with rough ear skin and a dark bluish-black color are destined for a life of wandering. Guo Linzong said: the left ear corresponds to the planet of metal, and the right ear corresponds to the planet of wood. Those with bright and clear ear color are destined for honor and stability. If the ear skin is rough or the color is dark and bluish-black and dry, it indicates that the person will spend their whole life moving from north to south, wandering around, and never establishing a stable foundation. Song Qiyou said: people with rough and dark bluish-black ear skin should leave their homeland. The "Guangjian Ji" said: dark bluish-black ear lobes indicate damage to the kidney energy, and the person's life is not long.

飄蓬，謂如蓬草也。中原郊野多生，俗名蓬子。根類竹根，其枝葉如楊柳，盤盤旋旋、團□□生，圓如燈球分圓若丈餘，秋天枯死之時，風吹出土。若東風起，吹輥往西無阻者，迄逞進去；忽然換西風，復吹遠東而去。若耳皮粗青黑者，為人似蓬草，朝暮走他鄉，無定止也。

The term "飘蓬" is a metaphor using the example of a type of grass called "pomeng" or "pomazi," which grows commonly in the outskirts of the Central Plains. Its roots resemble bamboo roots, and its branches and leaves are similar to willow trees. They grow in clusters, and when fully grown, they become round like a lantern, with a diameter of more than ten feet. In autumn, when they wither and die, a single gust of wind can lift them out of the soil. When the wind blows from the east, they roll westward without obstruction; but if the wind suddenly changes to the west, they are blown back eastward. People with rough, dark skin are like this pomeng grass, constantly moving from place to place, without a stable home.

色如瑩玉，年少作三公。《廣鑑集》云：耳若貴賤，不取大公。先要色鮮，瑩白為上。昔歐陽文忠公，耳白如面，名聲天下。《人倫大統賦》曰：白或過面，主聲譽之飛揚；瑩白貫輪，主信行之敦厚。

Rule four discusses ear color. The color of the ears resembles polished white jade, and one who achieves the position of San Gong at a young age is said to possess such ear color. The "Broad Mirror Collection" states: the worth of the ears does not depend on their size, but rather on their brightness, with a lustrous white color being the best. In the past, Ouyang Xiu (posthumous name Wenzhong) had ears as white as his face, and his reputation spread throughout the world. The "Great Unified Essay on Human Relationships" says: if the ear color is whiter than the face, it indicates a far-reaching reputation; if the white color extends throughout the entire ear, it indicates sincerity and integrity in character.

貼肉垂珠，紅潤自然，主財祿亨通。貼內者，隱伏也；紅潤者，垂珠鮮澤也。主平生財祿綿綿，百謀百成，千求千遂，天生自然富貴。《大統賦》云：壽越眉今貴血，聰垂明兮富貼肉。許負云：耳貼肉，富貴足。《大清神鑑》云：對面不見耳，問是誰家於。似此貼肉隱伏而垂珠紅潤者，主平生旺相而長富貴，一歲人遠至十五歲，蔭成父母病少之相。

Article five describes ears that are closely attached to the head with hanging lobes. The ear root is tightly pressed against the skull, and the earlobe is full and plump, with a naturally red and lustrous color, indicating a lifetime of prosperity and wealth.the so-called「贴肉」 means the ear is pressed against the side of the head without spreading outward;the so-called「红润」 means the earlobe is bright and shiny. Such ears indicate a continuous flow of wealth and fortune throughout life, with all plans coming to fruition and all desires being fulfilled, which is a natural sign of wealth and honor. The "Da Tong Fu" states: ears higher than the eyebrows indicate longevity and high status, while ears that are plump, bright, and closely attached indicate wealth. Xu Fu says: ears that are closely attached to the head indicate abundant wealth and honor. The "Da Qing Shen Jian" says: if one cannot see the ears from the front, people will ask who the noble son of the family is. Those with ears that are closely attached and plump with a red and lustrous color will have a prosperous and strong destiny, enjoying wealth and honor throughout their lives. From the age of one to fifteen, they will be protected by their parents, and they also have the appearance of being healthy and disease-free.

若尖小直如箭羽，安得不孤窮。尖小者，謂之猴耳，主孤貧。如箭羽者，其耳形直豎似矢之翎，最為貧賤之相，主十五歲男女，並有妨財破財，長大貧賤孤獨之相。《五總龜》云：反耳無輪最不堪，直如箭羽少資根。義曰：雙耳尖小多妨克。

Rule six discusses the shape of the ears. If the ears are sharp, small, and straight up like the feathers at the end of an arrow, how can they not lead to loneliness and poverty? Ears that are small and pointed are called "monkey ears," indicating loneliness and poverty. Those that are straight up and thin, like the feathers at the end of an arrow, are the most inferior ear shape, indicating financial loss for both males and females before the age of fifteen, and continuing into poverty and loneliness in adulthood. The "Wu Zong Gu" says: ears that are turned outward and lack the ear fold are most undesirable; people with ears straight like arrow feathers have shallow family backgrounds. It also says: people with both ears small and pointed often suffer from mutual harm and conflict.

命門難人指，壽原鏗短，忘淺愚蒙。命門者，耳孔也，若窄小難人小指尖者，主愚頂短壽，無智之人。《洞中經》云：耳孔容針，家無一金。《大清神籤》云：耳門如墨，二十之客，大壽也。

Rule seven discusses the ear hole. The ear hole (in physiognomy called the "life gate") is small enough that even a finger cannot fit inside, indicating a short lifespan, shallow insight, and foolishness. The so-called "life gate" refers to the ear hole; if it is narrow and small enough that even a small finger cannot fit inside, it signifies that the person is dull-witted, has a short life, and lacks wisdom. The "Moon Wave Cave Classic" states: if the ear hole is so small that only a needle can fit inside, the family will have no more than a few taels of gold. The "Supreme Clarity Divine Mirror" says: if the ear hole is black like ink, the person is merely a traveler in their twenties and will not live long.

無輪兼反薄，家破囊空。薄者，主貧也，一歲至十五之內妨克破祖，長大孤貧，壽天之相。《太清神鑑》云：輪為城，內為廓，城兜廓吉，廓兜城凶。《金鏡經》曰：耳無輪廓多破散。《大統賦》云：耳薄如紙，貧而早死。《五總龜》云：能可城兜廓，不可廓兜城。

Rule eight discusses the ear. If the ear lacks an outer rim and is turned outward and thin, it indicates the family's fortune will be ruined and the person will be poor. A thin ear signifies poverty, and from age one to fifteen, the person will cause harm to relatives and ruin ancestral property. As they grow older, they will be lonely and poor, and this is also a sign of a short life (the original text "寿天" refers to "short life"). The Supreme Clarity Divine Mirror says: the outer circle of the ear is called "city" (rim), and the inner circle is called "enclosure"; if the outer city surrounds the inner enclosure, it is auspicious, but if the inner enclosure covers the outer city, it is inauspicious. The Golden Mirror Classic says: ears without clear contours often lead to ruin and separation. The Great Unity Treatise says: if the ear is as thin as paper, it signifies poverty and an early death. The Five General Tortoises say: it is better for the outer city to surround the enclosure, than for the inner enclosure to cover the outer city.

厚大垂肩攝貴，天年過八十方終。《廣鑑集》云：耳大四寸高聳垂肩者，主大貴壽長。蜀劉先主耳毫垂肩，目顧其耳；宋太祖口方耳大。

Rule nine discusses large ears. Ears that are thick and large, hanging down near the shoulders, can attract wealth and allow a lifespan exceeding eighty years. The "Broad Mirror Collection" states: ears that are four inches long, high and hanging down to the shoulders, indicate great wealth and longevity. Shu Han's first emperor, Liu Bei, had long hair on his ears and his ears hung down near his shoulders, and his eyes could turn back to see his own ears; Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin also had a square mouth and large ears.

只因是毫生竅內，頭自老龍鍾。毫者，孔內生毫也；龍鍾，竹名，其購頭垂眉地。若人生耳毫長壽似龍鍾之竹，跋曲頭低，極老之相也。郭林宗曰：借問何人年過百，耳內生毫頭半白。項下雙絛成一縷，此是人間壽星瑰。

Article ten discusses ear hairs. If long hairs grow in the ear hole, when a person grows old, his neck will hang low, resembling the Dragon-chong bamboo. "Hao" refers to long hairs growing inside the ear hole; "Dragon-chong" is the name of a type of bamboo whose tip hangs low to the ground. If a person has hairs growing in his ears, he will be like the Dragon-chong bamboo and live a very long life. When old, his back will bend and his head will hang low, which is a sign of extreme longevity. Guo Linzong said: To know who can live over a hundred years, look to see if he has long hairs in his ears and his hair is partially white; if there are two hanging fleshy cords beneath his neck that form a single strand, then he is the longevity figure of the human world.

論曰：運限者，上古之壽，一百二十歲為終，今之七十者稀。《萬金相法》三主七十五歲為約，左耳七年，右耳八年，男左女右。又天部十年，共二十五年為初主。黑子生在輪上者主聰明，有大痣耳內者壽長，垂珠上者主有財，耳前命門者主火厄，作事有始無終。

In general, it is said that regarding one's destiny and lifespan, people in ancient times could live up to 120 years, but now living to seventy is already rare. The "Wan Jin Xiang Fa" determines a person's three main periods of life as around seventy-five years: the left ear governs seven years, the right ear governs eight years; for men, the left ear is considered, and for women, the right ear is considered. In addition, the forehead (the heavenly part) governs ten years, totaling twenty-five years, known as the "initial master," which refers to early life destiny. Regarding moles, a mole on the earlobe indicates intelligence, a large mole inside the ear indicates longevity, a mole on the ear垂 indicates wealth, and a mole at the front of the ear near the life gate indicates a risk of fire and a tendency to start things but not finish them.

耳顯三珠者，左定嗣，右定妻。一曰白珠，耳尖上貴，陰亦同；二採紅珠，右耳中生一珠一子，二珠五子，陰亦同。其珠如粟米大圓者應，如綠豆大圓者少應。氣色瑩白紅潤者，貴而吉；黃者病，青者腎衰，黑操者腎喪。忽論上紅色如炎火者，七日口舌破財或暴，焦色慘青色，其壽不永也。

If three small flesh-like bumps appear on the ear, the left ear indicates descendants and the right ear indicates spouse. The first type is called 'White Pearl,' located at the tip of the ear, which signifies wealth and honor, and applies to both men and women. The second type is a red pearl; one on the right ear indicates one son, two pearls indicate five sons, and this also applies to women. These pearls are most accurate when they are the size and shape of millet grains, while those the size and shape of green mung beans are less accurate. In terms of color, a bright white and red ear indicates wealth and good fortune; a yellow ear indicates illness; a blue ear indicates kidney weakness; a black and dry ear indicates complete loss of kidney energy. If the ear suddenly turns red like fire, there will be disputes, financial loss, or sudden events within seven days. If the ear turns dry and withered or a dull blue, it indicates a short lifespan.

濃厚淹留孤獨。眉黑稠濃密，主淹留賽滯久困。《五總龜》云：眉濃髮厚人多滯。《萬金相》云：陽，男子也，陽得虎眉賽滯，虎眉稠濃密也，主平生少快。二十六歲入運至三十五歲，此一運中主上五年多淹滯。

The first point about eyebrows states that people with thick and dense eyebrows tend to experience isolation and stagnation. Thick, dark, and dense eyebrows indicate that things will be delayed and there will be prolonged difficulties. The "Wu Zong Gu" states: people with thick eyebrows and abundant hair often face obstacles. The "Wan Jin Xiang" says: the yang finger refers to a man; if a man is born with "tiger eyebrows," it indicates obstacles—tiger eyebrows are thick, dark, and dense eyebrows, which signify a life with little smoothness. From the age of 26 to 35, one enters the eyebrow destiny period, during which the first five years are the most stagnant and unsmooth.

短促兄弟非宜。《廣鑑集》云：眉為君，目為臣，宜清長過日，宜如雁行。若短不及目者，難為兄弟，縱有二三四，終須不靠也。《萬金相》云：眉長於目，兄弟五；眉如掃帚，兄弟八九；與目同等，兄弟一兩；短不及目，兄弟不足，縱有一兩，非是同腹。二十六至三十五上四五乍不利。

The second point states that short eyebrows are unfavorable for brothers. The "Broad Mirror Collection" says: the eyebrows are like the sovereign, and the eyes are like the ministers; the eyebrows should be clear, fine, and longer than the eyes, with the two eyebrows arranged neatly like a row of geese. If the eyebrows are short and do not reach the length of the eyes, it is difficult to rely on brothers, even if there are a few, they will not be close. The "Treasure of Gold in Physiognomy" says: if the eyebrows are longer than the eyes, there will be five brothers; if the eyebrows spread out like a broom, there will be eight or nine brothers; if the eyebrows are as long as the eyes, there will be one or two brothers; if the eyebrows are shorter than the eyes, there will be few brothers, and even if there are one or two, they are not from the same mother. Such people will experience unfavorable luck between the ages of 26 and 35, with four to five years of bad fortune.

骨稜高起，性勇好為非。稜骨高起者，言眉骨尖峻顯露也，則主人粗鹵，知進而不知退，知存而不知亡，知成而不知敗，自強自勝，作事不應為而強為，性暴好鬥，不可為友之相也，平生宜遠之。

The third point discusses the eyebrows. A person with prominent and sharp eyebrows is bold and prone to causing trouble.the so-called「棱骨高起」means that the brow bone is sharp and protrudes outward. Such people are rough, only knowing advancement without retreat, only knowing existence without awareness of destruction, only knowing success without understanding failure. They are always eager to show off and insist on doing things they shouldn't. They are impetuous and fond of quarrels, making them unsuitable for friendship. They should be kept at a distance all their lives.

清秀彎如月樣，文章顯折桂榮奇。《廣鑑集》云：眉是目之君，膽之苗，面之表也。若得清秀彎如月樣，主為人聰明智慧，文學博雅，必攀蟾掛，高明富貴之相。知為平生之福，二十六歲運至中主，便得顯煥功名。郭林宗曰：眉如新月祥，名譽四方聞。許負曰：眉如月弓，衣食不窮。《太清神鑑》云：眉曲彎彎多學識。

Rule four discusses good eyebrows. Clear and curved eyebrows like a new moon indicate success in scholarship and achieving high honors. The "Broad Mirror Collection" states: eyebrows are the ruler of the eyes, the sprout of courage, and the standard of one's appearance. If eyebrows are clear and curved like a moon, it signifies that the person is intelligent and wise, with profound and elegant literary skills, and will certainly achieve success in exams (passing the imperial examinations), indicating a prosperous and noble destiny. This is a lifelong blessing; at the age of twenty-six, one's fortune will turn favorable, leading to fame and official recognition. Guo Linzong said: those whose eyebrows resemble a new moon will have their reputation spread far and wide. Xu Fu said: those whose eyebrows are like a curved bow will never lack food and clothing. The "Supreme Clarity Divine Mirror" states: those with eyebrows that are gracefully curved usually possess extensive knowledge.

印堂廣雙分入鬢，卿相位何疑。眉中為印堂，名曰官祿宮、相貌宮、福德榮氣宮，一面之中此位最千禍福，所以眉毛欲得寬廣，雙分入鬢，主生平多福而貴。二十六歲人運行中，主大發功名。緯林真人曰：眉為羅計之星，宜闊而不欲侵犯紫氣宮。陳圖南曰：翠眉人鬢，位至公卿。《廣鑑集》云：朝中無交眉宰相。

The fifth point discusses the eyebrows being apart and the forehead broad. If the two eyebrows are apart and the area between them, the forehead, is wide, then it is considered a sign of holding a high official position, such as a chancellor, and there is no doubt about it. The area between the eyebrows is called the forehead, also known as the official position palace, appearance palace, and fortune virtue palace. This is the most important part on the face concerning misfortune and good fortune. Therefore, the eyebrows should be wide and spread out towards both sides, entering the hair at the temples, indicating a life full of blessings and high status. At the age of twenty-six, one enters the period of good fortune for the eyebrows, which signifies great success in official rank. The sage of the Heavenly Writings says: eyebrows are the stars Luo Hou and Ji Du, which should be broad and not encroaching upon the forehead (the palace of purple qi). Chen Tuan said: if the eyebrows are green and extend into the hair at the temples, one will attain the position of a high official. The "Broad Mirror Collection" says: there are no chancellors in the court with their eyebrows connected.

豎毛多，主殺，神剛氣暴，豈有思維。豎眉者，謂眉毛直立而少也，多主殺性。《大統賦》曰：主性急神猛，好鬥貪殺，允思算之相也。又云：毛直性狼。

Article six discusses the feature of raised eyebrows. Those with prominent, upright eyebrows are characterized by a fierce and harsh disposition, lacking in deliberation and consideration. The term "raised eyebrows" refers to eyebrows that are straight and sparse, often indicating a person with a violent and aggressive nature. The "Great Unity Treatise" states that such people are impetuous, fierce in spirit, fond of fighting and killing, and not skilled in calculation or reflection. It also says that those with straight eyebrows have a temperament like that of a wolf, being cruel and fierce.

交頭並印促，背祿奔馳。頭交者，言兩頭印提交鎖，侵犯印堂也。蓋緣印堂是官祿宮，若得眉宇寬則為官平生安穩；若交促者無祿，而一生走驟愚夫。印堂義為命宮，尼宇為羅計星，羅計侵犯交促，不利財祿。胡人不在此限，神強者不在此限，在此限即為平生之滯，六六交運至四十一，此四五年最緊。

Rule seven discusses the "intersecting eyebrows." When the eyebrows meet at their inner ends, pressing the forehead area, this person is destined to have no official rank or salary, and will spend his whole life in constant movement. The term "head intersection" refers to the inner ends of the two eyebrows locking together, encroaching upon the forehead. Since the forehead is the official rank area, those with broad eyebrows and a wide forehead will have a stable official career. However, if the eyebrows intersect at their inner ends and the forehead is narrow, there is no official rank or fortune, and the person will be a foolish man constantly working hard. The forehead is also the destiny area, and the eyebrows are the positions of the two stars Luo Hou and Ji Du. If these two stars invade and the forehead is narrow, it is unfavorable for wealth and official rank. However, this does not apply to people from the northern regions or those with strong vitality; otherwise, those who have this feature will face obstacles throughout their lives, especially from the age of thirty-six to forty-one, which is the most critical period of four to five years.

橫直妨妻害子。夫直者，言眉毛凡生直豎不順也。左妨子，右妨妻，左有如此妻子俱傷，然為平生不利。二十八限至於十，此三年最是不利。

Rule eight discusses eyebrows that are horizontal and upright. People with eyebrows that grow straight and upright are said to harm their wife and children. The term "straight" refers to eyebrows that grow straight and upright, not yielding. If the left eyebrow is like this, it harms the son; if the right eyebrow is like this, it harms the wife. If both eyebrows are like this, both the wife and the son will be harmed, which brings lifelong misfortune. From the age limit of twenty-eight to thirty, these three years are the most unfavorable.

旋螺聚必執旗槍。放螺，言其中毛盤旋似螺絲尾尖、盤盤旋旋而生者。主為人剛健勇猛，可車前槍旗之首當先，無懼而戰也。

Rule nine discusses the spiral eyebrow. If the eyebrows have hairs that grow in a spiral shape forming a spiral pattern, this person is destined to hold a flag and spear, and serve as a general in the army. The term 'spiral' refers to the hairs on the eyebrows growing in a spiral manner, like the tip of a snail's shell, spiraling out in circles. Such people are strong, brave, and fierce, capable of serving as vanguard soldiers in battle, fighting without fear.

低壓眼相連不斷，運至必災厄。《廣鑑集》云：眉為羅計之星，眼為日月之象。相眉緊緊貼而與眼相連不斷者，是羅計二星侵犯大陰大陽，大陰大陽為日月之臺，一身之主。二十六限至二十九不利，三十七八九亦不利。若孿星高廣、日月分明，災禍減半。

Rule ten discusses the pressure on the eyebrows. If the eyebrows are low and press against the eyes, forming a continuous line without separation, then when the energy flows to this area, misfortune is certain. The "Broad Mirror Collection" states: the eyebrows represent the two stars of Rohini and Jitou, and the eyes represent the sun and moon. When observing the eyebrows, if they are closely attached to the eyes and connected without interruption, this indicates that the two stars of Rohini and Jitou have invaded the Taiyin and Taiyang; Taiyin and Taiyang are the seats of the sun and moon, and they are the masters of the body. Those with this appearance will face difficulties between the ages of twenty-six and twenty-nine, and also between thirty-seven, thirty-eight, and thirty-nine. If the star of the eyebrows is high and broad, and the two eyes are clearly bright with distinct black and white, the disaster can be reduced by half.

論曰：運限者，兩眉管四年人中主，左二年二十六七，右二年二卜八九。眉生四理，黑子眉中生者初主水厄，眉頭生者主性剛，眉上生者主貴官。紋理眉中十字元字紋者大亨，有坤卦紋者祿二千石，有成土字並魚皂形紋，主大將公卿之位。

In general, it is said that the eyebrows govern a period of four years in terms of fate and destiny. The left eyebrow governs two years, corresponding to the ages of 26 and 27; the right eyebrow governs two years, corresponding to the ages of 28 and 29 (the original text mentions '二卜八九' which should be read as '二十八九', with '十' mistakenly written as '卜'). There are four types of marks and patterns on the eyebrows to consider: if a mole is located in the middle of the eyebrow, it indicates early difficulties with water-related misfortunes; if a mole is on the brow's beginning, it suggests a strong and stubborn nature; if a mole is above the eyebrow, it indicates the possibility of holding a high official position. In terms of patterns, a 'ten' character mark or a 'yuan' character mark in the eyebrow signifies great success and prosperity; a pattern resembling the K'un trigram (three horizontal lines) indicates a salary equivalent to two thousand stones; and patterns resembling the character 'cheng', 'tu', fish shape, or black shape indicate holding a high military or governmental position.

眉上氣色忽然白者，主哭泣聲服忌；忽然紅色者，三日七日主口舌官訟；黃明入華蓋，日近遠喜信入宅，又主動出為吉。眉中忽然生毫長，謂之壽毛，然不宜早生。《萬金相》云：二十生毛三十死，四十生毛命壽長。若四十之上忽然生一毫長者，三年內遇貴。

The color on the eyebrows: if it suddenly turns white, it indicates mourning or wearing of mourning clothes; if it suddenly turns red, there will be disputes or arguments within three to seven days. If a bright yellow color appears and reaches the 'Huagai' area on the forehead, there will be good news arriving soon, and it is auspicious to travel outside. A long hair suddenly growing in the middle of the eyebrows is called 'Shou Mao' (longevity hair), but it is not good if it appears too early. The 'Wan Jin Xiang' says: if 'Shou Mao' appears at twenty, death may occur by thirty; if it appears at forty, it indicates longevity. If a long hair suddenly grows after the age of forty, one will meet a nobleman within three years.