On Qi

夫石蘊玉而山輝，沙懷金而川楣，此至精之實，見乎色而發於形也。夫形者質也，氣所以充乎質，質因氣而宏。神完則氣寬，神安則氣靜。得失不足以暴其氣，喜怒不足以驚其神。則於德為有容，於量為有度，乃重厚有福之人也。

A gem hidden in a stone makes the whole mountain radiant; gold contained in sand makes the entire river valley bright. This shows that the most refined essence manifests through appearance and radiates from form. Form represents the substance, and qi fills this substance. The substance becomes grand because of qi. When the spirit is complete and sufficient, the qi is broad and relaxed; when the spirit is calm and stable, the qi is peaceful. His qi remains undisturbed by gains or losses, and his spirit remains unshaken by joy or anger. Such a person has great capacity in virtue and a measured character, being a serious and sincere person who is destined for good fortune.

形猶材有杞梓梗棉荊棘之異，神猶士所以治材用其器，聲猶器聽其聲，然後知其器之美惡，氣猶馬馳之以道善惡之境。君子則善食其材，善御其德，又善治其器，善御其馬，小人反是。其氣寬可以容物，和可以接物，清可以表物，正可以理物。不寬則隘，不利則涙，不剛則懦，不清則濁，不正則偏。視其氣之淺深，察其色之燥靜，則君子小人辨矣。

Let me give a few examples: form is like wood, with distinctions between杞, 梓, 楩, 楠 and brambles; spirit is like a craftsman, who uses his skill to handle wood and tools; sound is like an object, by striking it and listening to its sound, one can judge the quality of the object; qi is like a horse, by driving it along the right path or the wrong path, one can see its nature. A gentleman is good at selecting wood, good at controlling his virtue, and good at making tools and managing horses; a petty person is exactly the opposite. A broad qi can tolerate others, a harmonious qi can treat others well, a clear qi can set an example for others, and a upright qi can manage affairs. Without breadth, one is narrow-minded; without sharpness, one is dull; without strength, one is weak; without clarity, one is murky; without uprightness, one is biased. By observing the depth of his qi and the restlessness or calmness of his complexion, one can distinguish between a gentleman and a petty person.

氣表而舒和而不暴，為福壽之人；急促不均，暴然見乎色者，為下賤之人也。醫經以一呼一吸為一息，凡人一晝夜計一萬三干五百息。今觀人之呼吸疾徐不同，或急者十息，遲者尚未七八，而老肥者大疾，勿其者差遲，故恐古人之言猶末盡理。

The qi that appears externally and is slow and harmonious, not rough or violent, belongs to those who are blessed with fortune and longevity; whereas qi that is rapid and uneven, and violently expressed on the face, belongs to those of low status. Medical texts count one inhalation and one exhalation as one breath. A normal person has 13,500 breaths in a day and night. However, when observing a person's breathing, it varies in speed: those with a quick pace breathe ten times, while those with a slow pace may not reach seven or eight times. Elderly and corpulent individuals breathe particularly fast, while others breathe slightly slower. Therefore, it is likely that the ancients did not fully explain the reasoning behind this.

夫氣呼吸發乎顏表，而為吉凶之兆，其散如毛髮，其聚如黍米。望之有形，按之無跡，苟不精意以觀之，則禍福無憑也。氣出人無聲，目不自察，或臥而不喘者，為之龜息氣象也。呼吸氣盈而身動，主死之兆也。孟子不顧萬鍾之祿，能養氣者也；爭可欲之利，悼悼然房其色而暴其氣者，亦何以論哉。

The breath of a person is revealed on the face, indicating good or bad omens. When it spreads out, it is as fine as hair; when it gathers, it is as small as a grain of millet. From a distance, it appears to have form, but when pressed, there is no trace. If one does not carefully observe, one cannot determine fortune or misfortune. The breath enters and exits without sound, and the person is unaware of it, even when lying down, showing no sign of breathing. This is called the 'tortoise breath' sign, indicating longevity. Conversely, when breathing causes the body to rise and fall, it is a sign of death. Mencius did not value a salary of ten thousand measures of grain, precisely because he was someone who cultivated his spirit. As for those who compete for desires, showing their anxiety on their faces and revealing their breath, what is there to comment on?

詩曰：氣乃形之本，察之見賢愚。小人多急燥，君子則寬舒。暴庚災相及，深沉福有餘。誰知公輔量，虛受若重淵。柳莊曰：從髮際至承漿，左右氣止一百二十五部；若言黑子皆為助相，視其骨氣美者為妙也。

The poem says: Qi is the fundamental essence of form, and by observing qi one can distinguish between the virtuous and the foolish. The petty person is usually impetuous, while the gentleman is broad-minded. Those whose qi is turbulent will be followed by misfortune, while those whose qi is deep and calm will have abundant blessings. Who can recognize the capacity of the Three Dukes and ministers? It is the ability to hold a broad mind and to contain much, like a deep and profound abyss. Liu Zhuang said: From the hairline down to the Chengjiang point, the qi on both sides is divided into a total of 125 parts; as for moles, they are merely auxiliary references. One must also look at whether the bones and qi are well formed and beautiful, for that is the key.

五行散而為萬物，人生萬物之上，聲亦辨其五音。故木音嘹亮高暢激越而和，火音焦烈燥怒如火烈之聲，金音和而不房，潤而不枯，如調簧奏曲，玉碧流音，水音因而清，急而暢，感條達之間也。與形相養相生者吉，與形相剋相犯者凶。

The Five Phases are dispersed and generate all things; human beings exist above all things, and sounds should be distinguished according to the five tones. The sound of wood is clear, bright, high, and smooth, vigorous yet harmonious; the sound of fire is restless and fierce, like the sound of flames burning; the sound of metal is harmonious and not scattered, moist and not dry, like the sound of reed pipes or jade chimes; the sound of water is round and clear, urgent and smooth, giving the feeling of being unimpeded (the original text is missing the section on the sound of earth, only four tones are listed here). Sounds that harmonize with one's physical form and nature bring good fortune, while sounds that conflict with one's physical form and nature bring misfortune—for example, a person with a wooden constitution who produces a wooden sound is auspicious, while a person with a wooden constitution who produces a metal sound is inauspicious.

夫人之有聲，如鐘鼓之響，器大則聲宏，器小則聲短。神清則氣和，氣和則聲潤，深而圓暢也；神濁則氣促，氣促則聲焦急而輕嘶也。故貴人之聲，多出于丹田之中，與聲氣相通，混然而外達。丹田者，聲之根也；舌端者，聲之表也。夫根深則表重，根淺則表輕，是如聲發於根而見於表也。

A person's voice is like the sound of a bell or drum: a large instrument produces a loud sound, while a small one produces a short sound. A person with a clear spirit has harmonious energy, and harmonious energy produces a smooth and resonant voice, which is deep and smooth. A person with a turbid spirit has urgent energy, and urgent energy produces a restless and slightly hoarse voice. Therefore, the voice of a nobleman originates from the 'Dantian' (one inch below the navel), connecting with the entire body's breath, and is transmitted outward as a unified whole. The Dantian is the root of the voice, and the tip of the tongue is its manifestation; a deep root produces a heavy voice, while a shallow root produces a light voice. Thus, the voice originates from the root and is expressed through the surface.

若夫清而圓，豎而亮，緩而烈，急而和，長而有力，勇而有節，大如洪鐘騰韻、龜鼓振音，小如玉水流鳴、琴徵奏曲，見其色則粹然而後動，與其言久而後應，皆貴人之相也。

As for the voice being clear and resonant, upright and loud, gentle yet strong, urgent yet harmonious, long and powerful, vigorous yet measured; large sounds like the lingering echo of a great bell or the booming of a toad drum, small sounds like the tinkling of spring water or the melody of zithers and zithers; looking at his expression, it is first pure and calm before any movement, and when he speaks, he responds after a pause—these are the characteristics of a nobleman.

小人之言皆發舌端之上，促急而不達，何則急而嘶，緩而澀，深而滯，淺而澡，大則散，散則破，或輕重不均，嘹亮無節，或眶毗而暴，繁亂而浮，或如破鑼之響，敗鼓之鳴，又如寒鴉哺雛，鵝雁呸咽，或如病猿求侶，孤雁失群，細如蚯蚓發吟，狂如青龜夜慘，有如犬之吠，如羊之鳴，皆賤薄之相也。

Small people speak with their tongues, their voices quick and short, not carrying far. When they are in a hurry, their voice becomes hoarse; when they speak slowly, it becomes dull and blocked. If they want to speak low, it sounds muffled; if they want to speak high, it sounds restless. When their voice becomes loud, it disperses, and when it disperses, it breaks. Sometimes their tone is uneven, though loud, without rhythm. Sometimes they shout with their eyes wide open, their speech chaotic and scattered, lacking depth. Sometimes it sounds like a broken gong or a tired drum, or like a cold crow feeding its young, or like geese and swans crying. Sometimes it sounds like a sick monkey calling for a mate, or a lone goose losing its flock. It may be as fine as a worm's hum, or as wild as a strange cry at night. There are also sounds like a dog barking or a sheep bleating. These are all signs of poverty and shallow character.

男有女聲單貧賤，女有男聲亦妨害。然身大而聲小者凶，或於溼而不齊，謂之羅網聲；大小不均，謂之雌雄聲。或先遲而後急，或先急而後遲，或聲未止而氣先絕，或心未舉而色先變，皆賤之相也。

A man who speaks in a woman's voice is indicative of loneliness and poverty; a woman who speaks in a man's voice also indicates harm and conflict. A tall person with a weak voice is ominous. A voice that is uneven in dryness and moisture, inconsistent and irregular, is called "Ruanwang sound"; a voice that fluctuates between loud and soft is called "Cixiong sound." Additionally, those who speak slowly at first and then quickly, or quickly at first and then slowly, or whose breath comes before their words are finished, or whose facial expressions change before they can speak their thoughts—these are all signs of low character.

夫神定於內，氣和於外，然後可以接物，非難言有先後之敘，而色亦不變也。苟神不安而意不和，則其言失先後之敘，辭色撓矣，此小人之相也。

The spirit is stable within, and the energy is harmonious outside, only then can one interact with others. Speech follows a proper order and does not appear difficult, and the face remains calm. If the spirit is restless and the mind is not in harmony, then speech becomes disordered, and both words and expression show confusion. This is the appearance of a petty person.

夫人票五行之形，則氣聲亦配五行之象也。故土聲深厚，木聲高唱，火聲焦烈，水聲緩急，金聲和潤。又曰：聲輕者斷事無能，聲破者作事無成，聲濁者謀運不發，聲低者鹵鈍無文。清吟如澗中流水者，極貴；發聲溜亮自覺如甕中之響者，主五福全備之人也。

Human beings, having received the forms of the Five Phases, have voices that correspond to the images of the Five Phases: the voice of earth is deep and solid, the voice of wood is high and resonant, the voice of fire is fierce and intense, the voice of water is sometimes slow and sometimes quick, and the voice of metal is harmonious and moist. It is also said that those whose voices are light and floating cannot make decisive decisions, those whose voices are broken cannot achieve results in their undertakings, those whose voices are turbid cannot carry out their plans, and those whose voices are low and dull are coarse and lack literary grace. Those whose voices are clear and melodious, like mountain streams, are extremely prosperous. Those whose voices are smooth and loud, as if coming from a large jar, are destined for longevity, wealth, health, virtue, and a peaceful death, possessing all five blessings.

聲小亮高，賢貴之極；語聲細嫩，必主貧寒，兼須危困。女人雄聲，終身不榮，良人早強，虛有夫名。男子雄聲，妨須多兒女，聲急切妨夫一絕。

A voice that is small but clear and high-pitched indicates a person of great virtue and high status. A voice that is delicate and weak suggests poverty and hardship. Women with a strong, masculine voice will not achieve honor in their lifetime, their husbands will die early (the phrase 'good husband dies early' should be 'good husband dies early'), and they will be left with the name of being married but without a husband. Men with overly harsh voices will suffer from the misfortune of having many children. Women with sharp, urgent voices will harm their husbands and eventually lead to the end of the marital relationship.

詩曰：木聲高唱火聲焦，和潤金聲最富撓。土語卻如深甕裡，水聲圓急又飄飄。貴人音韻出丹田，氣實喉寬響又堅。貧賤不離唇舌上，一生奔走不堪言。

The poem says: The sound of wood is high and resonant, the sound of fire is fierce and intense, and the sound of metal that is harmonious and moist is most rich and full; the sound of earth is like coming from a deep jar, while the sound of water is round, quick, and elusive. The voice of a nobleman originates from the lower abdomen, with full breath and a wide throat, producing a loud and solid sound; the speech of the poor and lowly always relies on the superficial power of the lips and tongue, and throughout their lives they are busy and weary, their words being pitiful.

聲大無形，托氣而發，賤者浮濁，貴者清趣。太柔則怯，太剛則折。隔山相聞，圓長不缺，斯乃貴人，遠見風節。

Sound may be loud but has no form; it is produced through qi. The voices of the lowly are shallow and muddy, while the voices of the nobleman are clear and melodious. If a voice is too soft, it appears timid; if too strong, it is easily broken. If the sound can be heard across mountains, round and continuous without break, this is the voice of a nobleman, revealing his character and integrity from afar.

形厚、神安、氣清、聲揚、眉闊、耳厚、唇紅、鼻直、面方、背厚、腰正、皮滑、腹垂、牛齒、鵝行，以上皆富貴相也，主少年奮發，家財豐厚也。大富格：耳大貼肉，鼻如籤筒，鼻如懸膽，面黑身白，背聳三山，聲如遠鍾，背闊胸平，腔大垂下，頭皮寬大，主大富也。中富格：三停平等，五嶽朝歸，五長俱全，五短俱全，五露俱全，眼如丹風，聲似鳴鐘，秉此格者，主中富也。

The characteristics of a wealthy appearance are: a solid body shape, calm spirit, clear breath, high and resonant voice, broad eyebrows, thick ears, red lips, straight nose, square face, thick back, upright waist, smooth skin, hanging abdomen, even and strong teeth like ox teeth, and steady gait like a goose's step. These are all signs of wealth and prosperity, indicating youthful vigor and abundant wealth. The characteristics of great wealth are: large and fleshy ears, a straight nose like a signpost, a round nose tip like a hanging jade disc, dark face color and pale body color, three prominences on the back like mountains, a voice like a distant bell, broad back and flat chest, large and hanging abdomen, thick scalp. These indicate great wealth. The characteristics of moderate wealth are: equal proportions in the three sections of the face, the five mountains converging toward the center, the five places that should be long are long, the five places that should be short are short, the five places that should be exposed are exposed, eyes like the phoenix's eyes, and a voice like a ringing bell. Those who possess this appearance are destined for moderate wealth.

面黑身白，面粗身細，腳短手長，身小聲大，龍來吞虎，面短眼長，不臭而香，肉角少頂，以上皆貴相也。若人有此相，求功名者官高職顯，求財利者錢穀鉅富之相也。大貴格：虎頭燕領，日月角起，伏犀貫頂，眼有定睛，鳳閣插天，兩手垂膝，口中容拳，舌至準頭，虎步龍行，雙風眼，此為大貴之相也。

The criteria for a noble appearance are: dark complexion with white body color, rough face skin but fine body skin, short legs but long hands, small stature but loud voice, the flesh mound under the thumb (dragon) covering the flesh mound under the little finger (tiger), short face but long eyes, no body odor but a pleasant scent, and horns growing on the head with a slightly flat top—these are all signs of nobility. If a person has these features, they will achieve high official positions and great success in their careers. For supreme nobility, the head should resemble a tiger, the lower jaw like a swallow, the forehead with prominent sun and moon angles, a straight rhino bone running from the forehead to the top of the head, steady and bright eyes, a high forehead (like a phoenix's gate) reaching toward the sky, hands hanging down past the knees, a large mouth capable of holding a fist, a tongue extending to the nose tip, walking with the steps of a tiger and dragon, and a pair of phoenix eyes—this is the appearance of supreme nobility.

中貴格：須如鐵線，耳白過面，服如點漆，上長下短，口如四字，三十六牙，龍吞虎吻，此為中貴之相也。小貴格：天庭高聳，地閣方圓，小便如珠，大便方細，齒白而大，眉疏目秀，口如弓角，唇似珠紅，此為小貴之相也。

The middle rank of noble appearance is: the mustache is hard and straight like an iron thread, the ears are white and surpass the face color, the eyes are black like a point of lacquer, the upper body is long and the lower body is short, the mouth is square like the character 'four', there are thirty-six teeth, and the mouth shape resembles a dragon swallowing a tiger's mouth — this is the appearance of a middle-ranking noble. The lower rank of noble appearance is: the forehead is high, the chin is round and square, the urine is in the form of pearls without scattering, the stool is formed and fine, the teeth are white and large, the eyebrows are sparse and clear, the eyes are refined, the corners of the mouth are like the bow's tip lifted upward, and the lip color is red like a pearl — this is the appearance of a lower-ranking noble.

腰圓背厚者富貴。有粱柱，左右爵起，口方，而地閣方圓，四維有朝拱者，主富之相。氣色潤秀，身體細膩，面正平滿，背格吉怪清奇者，主富。手背厚，行立坐食端正者，主富。精神秀異，舉止沉重者，主富相也。

A person with a thick waist and broad back is destined for wealth. A nose that stands straight like a pillar, with prominent cheekbones on both sides, a square mouth, and a round and square chin, with all four sides converging towards the face, indicates a wealthy appearance. A radiant and clear complexion, smooth and delicate skin, a properly shaped and full face, and a clear and distinct bone structure on the back signify wealth. Thick hands and wrists, and proper posture when walking, standing, sitting, or eating, also indicate wealth. A person with outstanding spirit and steady manner of movement is also considered to have the appearance of wealth.

官貴口訣：看官員，在限有神，有骨聳諸皆異常人。身短而面長者貴，面方限長者貴，肩背重厚者貴，頭有角骨者貴，面有骨格者貴，風目龍儲者貴。攝有角起，聲音清亮，耳白如面，額有頭稜者貴。鬍鬚似鐵，手足似玉，不貴而富。

The official and noble divination formula says: To determine if a person can hold an official position, one should look at whether there is a spirit or prominent bone structure in the areas of their destiny and life cycle. These features should be different from the ordinary. A short body with a long face is auspicious, a square face with long eyes is auspicious, thick shoulders and back are auspicious, a head with bone horns is auspicious, a face with bone structure is auspicious, and eyes like a phoenix and eyes like a dragon are auspicious. Prominent bones on the forehead, clear and bright voice, white ears like the face, and a forehead with a ridge bone are auspicious. Hard beard like iron wire, and white and smooth hands and feet like jade are also auspicious, even if one is not noble, they will be wealthy.

顴骨重貫耳者壽。命門光澤者壽。項下有皮如條者，長壽之相也，雙條妻皆老，一條則孤。人中著齒而齊者福壽。喉音高者，臥而不喘，謂之龜息，乃壽相。顴骨相連人耳後，骨高起年壽上不陷者，主壽耳，是木星又為壽星。山根上正直者主福壽。

The criteria for a long life are: thick and wide cheekbones extending to the ears indicate longevity; bright and lustrous color at the area before the ear indicating life; a hanging skin fold below the neck signifies a long life; two hanging folds indicate that both wife and husband will live to old age; one fold indicates loneliness. A straight and even philtrum facing the teeth indicates both fortune and longevity. A high voice in the throat and no audible breathing when lying down is called 'turtle breath,' which is a sign of longevity. Cheekbones connected to the back of the ears, with high bone structure and a flat nose bridge without depression on the year and life lines, indicate a long life; the ear belongs to the planet of wood, also called the longevity star. A straight and upright root of the nose indicates both fortune and longevity.

耳後有骨名壽星骨，生豐起者長年。腦後三玉枕如果栗者福壽。鼻粱隆起者壽柏。食物急登涸緩者壽。五嶽豐隆，法令分明，眉有長毫，項有餘皮，額有橫骨，面皮寬厚，聲音清響，背肉負厚，胸前平闊，齒齊堅密，行坐端莊，兩目有神，耳有長毫，鼻粱高聳，以上皆壽相，與十壽同看也。

There is a bone behind the ears called "Shouxing Gu" (Longevity Bone); if it is full and prominent, it indicates a long life. Three jade-like bones at the back of the head, shaped like chestnuts and full, indicate good fortune and longevity. A prominent nose bridge signifies longevity. Eating seems hurried but swallowing is calm and composed, which also indicates a long life. Additionally, if the five mountains (mountain-like features) are prominent, the lines on the face are distinct, there is a long hair on the eyebrows, there is extra skin below the neck, there is a horizontal bone on the forehead, the face is broad and thick, the voice is clear and bright, the back has thick flesh as if carrying something, the chest is flat and wide, the teeth are neat and dense, the posture is upright and steady, the eyes are bright and spirited, there are long hairs in the ears, and the nose bridge is high—these are all signs of longevity. One should refer to the "Ten Longevity Features" listed in the physiognomy books to see if they are all present.

眉長過目主妻得美貌曉事。眉如新月，主人聰明，文章折桂，舉業有成。面有和氣，主高人相敬，陰人得力。星辰拱朝，主人作事有成有立之命。金木朗元，主有口祿兼得遠方財物。目秀而長，主貴人相敏，有財壽祿全。

The rules of the Fu Shou Ge are: if the eyebrows are longer than the eyes, it indicates marrying a wife who is beautiful and wise. If the eyebrows are like a new moon, it suggests intelligence and the ability to achieve success in scholarly pursuits. If the face shows a harmonious and pleasant expression, it indicates being respected by elders and receiving support from female relatives. If all the facial features (ears, eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth) are harmoniously directed towards the face, it indicates achieving success in endeavors and being stable in one's position. If the left and right ears (representing the stars of gold and wood) are bright and complete, it indicates good fortune and salary, as well as receiving wealth from afar. If the eyes are clear and slender, it indicates harmony with noble people and having wealth, longevity, and official rank in abundance.

正面開敷，城郭端正，眼光不疏，五拱六滿，三處平闊，三光五澤。成敗不足格：地角尖削者，主成敗；骨節組惡，面上塵埃，面赤氣黑，行步擺搖者，主成敗；鼻露梁者主耗散。進格例：紅黃不改，五嶽光華，氣和色潤，氣宇軒昂，五星朝拱，四瀆無傾。

"Cheng Ge" refers to a face that is broad and open, with a well-defined ear shape, bright eyes that do not scatter their light, the five mountains surrounding and supporting, the six organs full and plump, the three parts of the face level and full, and three areas on the face shining and five areas moist and lustrous."Cheng Bai Bu Zu Ge" refers to a face with a sharp and narrow chin, indicating constant ups and downs in life; rough bone structure, a face that looks dusty, a red face but dark complexion, and a wobbly gait, which also indicates constant ups and downs; a nose with prominent bones indicates the loss of wealth."Jin Ge" (a sign of rising fortune) refers to a constant presence of red and yellow colors, the five mountains shining, a harmonious and smooth appearance, a lustrous complexion, an imposing bearing, the five stars converging, and the four rivers (ears, eyes, mouth, nose) not sinking.

退格例：額上斷紋，口眼偏斜，背皮單薄，氣色塵昏灰色如黑，城郭欠明，鼻露土流，齒牙不齊，印堂穿破，兩耳焦黑。動格例：耳反無輪，山根無肉，面無城郭，上短下長，身長項長，三尖六肖。散格例：雙眉尾散，兩耳無弦，面無城郭，鼻頭仰露，四大空亡，面皮急繃，氣色煙塵，紋破痣侵。通達口訣：滿面光潤者發達，紅黃滿面者發財，氣體克越者發福，神氣清爽者發福也。

"Retreating Pattern" (a sign of declining fortune) is: there are broken lines on the forehead, the mouth and eyes are crooked, the skin on the back is thin, the complexion is dull and dark gray, the outline of the ears is unclear, the bridge of the nose is exposed and the tip of the nose droops, the teeth are uneven, the area between the eyebrows is pierced by lines, and the ears are black and dry. "Moving Pattern" (a sign of a life full of upheaval) is: the earlobes are inverted without proper ear structure, the root of the nose lacks flesh, the face lacks definition, the upper body is short and the lower body is long, the body is long with a long neck, three parts are sharp and six parts are narrow. "Dispersing Pattern" (a sign of dispersing wealth) is: the eyebrows end in a scattered manner, there is no earlobe structure on the ears, the face lacks definition, the nose is upturned and exposed, there are four major void areas, the facial skin is tight and tense, the complexion resembles smoke and dust, the lines are damaged, and black moles encroach. The "Passage of Smooth Communication" says: those with a bright and smooth face will achieve success, those with a red and yellow complexion will gain wealth, those whose spirit and body are in harmony and exceed the ordinary will become prosperous, and those with a clear and refreshing spirit will also become prosperous.

手足細膩，一生清閒；面皮滑澤，一生安樂；眉毛疏淡，一生清閒；骨格清雅，一生安寧；神清氣和，一生聰慧。穩厚格：形貌端謹，言語詳細，作事有始有終，氣宇寬和，精神不露，部位無傷，穩厚端重，方正公平，近君子遠小人。

The appearance of a person who is peaceful and content is: those with smooth and delicate skin on their hands and feet will live a life of ease; those with smooth and moist facial skin will live a life of comfort; those with sparse and light eyebrows will live a life of ease; those with clear and refined bone structure will live a peaceful life; and those with clear spirit and harmonious energy will be intelligent throughout their lives. The "Steadfast and Thick" pattern is: having a dignified and cautious appearance, speaking in a thorough and detailed manner, acting with persistence and completion, possessing a broad and gentle temperament, with a reserved and restrained spirit, and no injuries on any part of the face. Such people are steady and sincere, upright and principled, fair-minded, able to associate with gentlemen and avoid petty people.

目秀神清主聰明，肉皮細滑主聰明，指甲尖秀主聰明，耳有輪廓主聰明，眉毛疏秀，齒白而齊，骨格清楚，主聰明。愚頑庸懶：神昏昧者愚頑，面骨橫粗者愚頑，耳前闇昧者慵懶，眉重濁者性懶，氣濁者愚魯之漢。

The appearance of a clever and bright person is: clear and bright eyes with a clear spirit indicate intelligence, smooth and delicate skin indicate intelligence, sharp and elegant fingernails indicate intelligence, and ears with distinct inner and outer contours indicate intelligence; if further accompanied by sparse and elegant eyebrows, white and even teeth, and clear and distinct bone structure, it also indicates intelligence. The appearance of a dull and lazy person is: a dull and dim spirit indicates dullness, a broad and coarse facial bone structure indicates dullness, a dark coloration around the ears indicates laziness, thick and turbid eyebrows indicate a lazy nature, and a turbid breath indicates a dull and rough person.

眼中如火主剛強，面上青容冷麵主狠癖，眼有三角面肉橫主剛強，唇高嘴超主性剛，眼白多主性癖。伎巧：眉毛纖細，重重技藝；眉中黑子，必有伎倆；鼻廣面長，伎倆非常。

The appearance of a strong and fierce character is: those with red eyes like fire are naturally strong-willed; those with a pale face and a cold expression are cruel and reclusive; those with a triangular eye and fleshy cheeks are strong and fierce; those with upturned lips and a protruding mouth are stubborn and inflexible; those with a lot of white in their eyes are peculiar and eccentric. The appearance of someone with skills is: those with fine eyebrows are skilled in many arts; those with a black mole on their eyebrows have a particular talent; those with a broad nose and a long face have extraordinary skills.

骨重者主孤。垂珠大者、眉交眉濃、鬢髮厚者俱孤。冬天出汗者主貧孤。耳反者孤。華蓋重者孤。骨體響者孤，聲如雷者主孤。有腋氣者主孤。地角虧者主孤。又曰：顴骨生蜂者孤，口角低者孤，眉如八字者主孤。

The twelve forms of loneliness are: those with heavy bones are lonely; those with large earlobes, connected eyebrows, thick eyebrows, and thick side hair are lonely; those who sweat in winter are poor and lonely; those with eardrums turned outward are lonely; those with an overly prominent heavenly bone on the forehead are lonely; those whose joints make noise when moving are lonely; those with loud voices like thunder are lonely; those with body odor are lonely; those with a sunken chin are lonely. It is also said that those with sharp peaks on the cheekbones are lonely, those with downturned corners of the mouth are lonely, and those with eyebrows spread like the character 'eight' are lonely.

肉重無骨者天。兩目無神，兩耳低小，筋骨柔弱，無神無氣，身長面短，面皮繃急，揹負坑陷，桃花面色，步折腰斜，以上所說當與後天相歌十知同看也。密窒口訣：滿而憂容者邊而貧，塵埃滿面者貧，揹負薄肉者多邊，井灶露孔者不聚財，氣色困滯者多這，神氣不定者多達。

The诀 for夭亡 says: those with much flesh but no bones are short-lived (the "Heaven" here refers to "夭亡"). In addition, those with dull eyes, small and low ears, weak tendons and bones, lacking spirit and vitality, long bodies with short faces, tight skin, a sunken back, a red and bright face like peach blossoms, and a limp gait with a slanted body—all these should be viewed together with the following "Ten Signs of夭亡" in the "夭相歌." The诀 for困窘 says: those whose faces are full but often show worry will be poor all their lives; those whose faces look dusty are poor; those with thin backs face many difficulties; those with exposed nostrils cannot accumulate wealth; those with dull and blocked qi color face many obstacles; and those with unstable spirit face many troubles.

結喉露齒，眼下無肉，淚堂深陷，人中紋理，人中黑子，山根斷折，魚尾枯陷，顴骨枯禞，眼帶桃花，口如吹火，嘴如臥蠶，穿破兩耳反掀，眼下淚痣，眼下又如荔枝色者，皆刑剋也。克父母：左偏損父，右偏損母，二處有疤痕、露齒結喉損父，陰氣重者。

The physical signs indicating a person will suffer from criminal punishment or harm to their relatives are: a prominent Adam's apple, protruding teeth, lack of flesh beneath the eyes, deep hollows beneath the eyes, a line running through the middle of the face, a black mole in the middle of the face, a broken mountain root, sunken and thinning corners of the eyes, dry and withered cheekbones, eyes with a pinkish hue, a mouth curled up as if blowing fire, a mouth swollen like a sleeping silkworm, ears pierced by scars and turned outward, and a mole beneath the eyes. These signs indicate harm to the Six Relations. The signs indicating harm to parents are: a left-side tilt on the forehead indicating loss of the father, and a right-side tilt indicating loss of the mother; those with scars in these areas, protruding teeth, and a prominent Adam's apple also indicate loss of the father; and those with excessive darkness on their face also indicate harm to the parents.

兩顴骨凸露主克三妻。山根有橫紋克三妻。魚尾枯陷克頭妻。眉重壓眼克妻。山根限克妻。結喉露齒克妻，害子。眉中有痣妨妻。面如面袋克妻，妨子。羊紋者刑妻，一紋刑一妻，兩紋下低刑三妻。

The aspect indicating harm to wife and concubines is: if the two cheekbones are prominent and visible, it indicates harm to three wives; if there is a horizontal line on the root of the nose, it indicates harm to three wives; if the corners of the eyes are dry, thin, and sunken, it indicates harm to the first wife; if the eyebrows are thick and pressing down on the eyes, it harms the wife; if there is an obstruction on the root of the nose, it harms the wife; if the Adam's apple is prominent and the teeth are exposed, it harms both the wife and the children; if there is a mole on the eyebrows, it harms the wife; if the face is loose like an empty bag, it harms the wife and the children; if there are horns-like lines at the corners of the eyes, it harms the wife, with one line harming one wife, and two lines that slope downward harming three wives.

左目小損妻。眼尾有紋克妻，三紋克三妻。左眼角下神光之位青色者，主七旬內主難為妻子；黑子者主生離。華蓋骨重，眼尾紋長，魚尾枯，山根痣斑麻，三次作新郎。

The left eye being small indicates loss of wife; a line at the end of the eye indicates harm to wife, and three lines indicate loss of three wives. If the area called "Shen Guang" at the lower corner of the left eye shows a blue color, it indicates that the wife will have trouble within seventy days ("qixun" refers to seventy days). If there is a black mole in this area, it indicates separation from the wife. If the bone called "Huagai" on the forehead is too prominent, the line at the end of the eye is long, the fish tail is thin and dry, and there is a mole, spot, or freckle on the mountain root, then one will have to remarry three times in life.

眼下淚痕克兒女，人中斜側克兒，耳無輪廓主刑剋，山根斷折克兒女，人中高尖克兒女。三陰三陽不宜疤痕及有紋痣。鼻如界方，鼻樑劍脊骨見，地角有虧，陰氣大重，有女無男。有背無脊，頭低步緩，狼虎之聲，主刑憲也。

The characteristics indicating the剋 of children are: tear marks below the eyes indicate the剋 of children; a crooked philtrum indicates the剋 of a son; ears without clear contours indicate punishment; a broken mountain root indicates the剋 of children; a high and sharp philtrum indicates the剋 of children. The area around the eyes and the lower part of the face should not have scars, markings, or black moles. A square and straight nose, a thin and sharp nose bridge that is exposed, a recessed chin, and excessive yin energy indicate only daughters and no sons. A thick back but undefined spinal bones, a low head, slow steps, and a voice like a wolf howling or a tiger roaring indicate imprisonment and punishment.

顴骨生峰，主孤無子，縱有亦是螟嶺兒，此乃俱不得力之相。耳無弦根，主父母妻子生離死別，田園耗散，無祖業之相。面無和氣，主有妻無子，父母隔各，六親無情。眉稜骨起，主三妻，有破祖無情，主有宿疾，性剛氣暴。眼下無肉，主兒女有克，得力者少，與人無情，小人不足之相。

The rules for the "Lonely God Pattern" are: if there is a sharp peak on the cheekbones, it indicates loneliness and no children; even if there are children, they are adopted (a "mengling child" meaning a foster son). In any case, it is a sign of being unable to rely on others. If the ears lack the ear strings and the root, it indicates separation from parents and spouse, loss of property, and an inability to maintain ancestral wealth. If the face lacks a harmonious appearance, it indicates having a wife but no children, being distant from parents, and having no support from the Six Relations. If the eyebrows have prominent ridges, it indicates marrying three wives, breaking ancestral fortune, being unkind to others, having a chronic illness, and being stubborn and easily angered. If there is no flesh beneath the eyes, it indicates that children may suffer misfortune, and even if there are children, they are not helpful; such a person is unkind and has a petty, narrow-minded nature.

面無人色，主與人寡合，為人心毒，最愛便宜，處事不和，主人常招是非，主孤有妻而無子。不愛老幼，主六親不和，救人無功。眉頭常盛，主早年文傷見孤單，不傷妻女早見刑傷。不哭常淚，必主傷妻克子，晚景孤單。一雙流淚眼，只會亡。

The "Guaxu Ge" pattern indicates that a person lacks a healthy complexion, showing they are difficult to get along with, have a poisonous heart, love to take advantage, and act in a way that causes discord. They often bring trouble and are lonely, having a wife but no children. They neglect the elderly and children, leading to disharmony among the six relations. Even when helping others, they are not appreciated. If the eyebrows are constantly furrowed and do not relax, it suggests early injury leading to loneliness, and even without harming the wife, there will be punishment from the daughter. If the eyes are often filled with tears without crying, it means harm to the wife and children, and a lonely old age. Having eyes that are constantly watery leads to eventual downfall.

頭尖項大，主人牢獄之分，救急無定。面小鼻大，主守空房，為事顛悔，才祿俱滯。鬚拳鬢卷，主人兇暴性狠毒。鼻樑橫起，主與朋友難交，性嚴難犯。

The person with the "Wang Shen Ge" (Wang Shen Pattern) has a pointed head and a thick neck, indicating a tendency towards imprisonment or legal troubles, and lacks clear judgment when facing urgent difficulties. Those with a small face and a large nose are likely to be isolated and live alone, often regretting their actions, with their abilities and income blocked. Those with curly mustaches and twisted hair at the temples are usually fierce and cruel in nature. Those with a bump on their nose bridge have difficulty getting along with friends, are strict in character, and are not easily offended.

眉骨枯稜，主妻子難為，六親水炭，主性情不常。鼻樑尖薄，主殺妻害子，其心最毒，孤單相。服深無肉，主人奸詐便宜，早年父母不得力，兄弟分離，財壽不足。喉下結高，主傷妻子，壽命不長。

The pattern of劫杀 is characterized by a thin and bony brow bone with sharp edges, indicating difficulty in keeping a wife, and the six relations being mutually incompatible, with a fickle and changeable nature. A sharp and thin nose bridge suggests harm to the wife and children, with a very cruel heart, indicating a lonely appearance. Deep eye sockets with little flesh around them indicate a deceitful and greedy nature, with lack of support from parents in early years, separation from brothers, and deficiency in wealth and longevity. A prominent Adam's apple indicates harm to the wife and children, and a short lifespan.

面多漏氣，主作事犯重，妻子重見，亦主離親相。眉眼不朝，主為人六親不和。口角下垂，主為人愛便宜。齒亂牙疏，主骨肉不和，陰人不和。星辰不拱，主背祿奔波，無成無立。眉目雜亂，主有人口生離死別，百事無成。

The Six Clashes pattern indicates that the face's color and appearance are scattered and not concentrated, suggesting that one's efforts are repeated and unproductive, and that the spouse may need to remarry, leading to separation from relatives. If the eyebrows and eyes do not align properly, it indicates disharmony among the six relations. If the corners of the mouth droop, it suggests that the person tends to take advantage of others. If the teeth are uneven and sparse, it indicates disharmony with family members and also with female relatives. If the various stars on the face (ears, eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth) do not converge towards the face, it suggests that one will not be fortunate in terms of salary or position, will be constantly moving, and will achieve nothing, lacking stability. If both eyebrows and eyes are disordered, it indicates that there will be separation or death within the family, and nothing will be accomplished.

鼻尖齒亂，主自家不睦不和，陰人不得不力之相。懸針梁露，主兄弟分離，父母隔各，持刀弄。肉露肉橫，主為人反面無情，為事不仁，女人主孤。

The Six Harm Pattern indicates that someone with a pointed nose and uneven teeth will have discord within the family and lack support from female relatives. If there is a hanging needle mark on the forehead and the bridge of the nose is exposed and bony, it signifies separation from brothers, estrangement from parents, and involvement in weapons. Those with prominent bones and harsh features on their face are untrustworthy, cruel, and unkind; women with such features are likely to be lonely.