Qu Li (Summary of the Rites)
衛獻公出奔，反於衛，及郊，將班邑於從者而後入，柳莊曰：“如皆守社稷，則孰執羈靮而從？如皆從，則孰守社稷？君反其國而有私也，毋乃不可乎？”弗果班。
When Duke Xian of Wei fled and then returned to Wei, he reached the outskirts and was about to divide fiefs among those who had followed him before entering the city. Liu Zhuang said: "If everyone had stayed behind to guard the altars, who would have held the bridle and followed you? If everyone had followed, who would have guarded the altars? Showing a private motive on returning to your own state, I fear, is not acceptable." In the end the fiefs were not divided.
衛有大史曰：“柳莊寢疾。”公曰：“若疾革，雖當祭必告。”公再拜稽首請於屍曰：“有臣柳莊也者，非寡人之臣，社稷之臣也，聞之死，請往。”不釋服而往，遂以襚之，與之邑，裘氏與縣潘氏書而納諸棺曰：“世世萬子孫無變也。”
In Wei there was a grand scribe who said that Liu Zhuang was gravely ill. The Duke said: "If his illness becomes critical, tell me even if I am in the middle of a sacrifice." The Duke bowed twice, touched his head to the ground and begged of the impersonator of the dead: "There is a minister called Liu Zhuang, not my private servant but a minister of the altars of the state. I hear he has died; please let me go to him." He went without taking off his sacrificial robes, and gave the robes to the dead man, granted him as fief towns Qiushi and Xian Pan, wrote it in a document, and put it in the coffin, saying: "For generation after generation, let his descendants not change this."
陳幹昔寢疾，屬其兄弟，而命其子尊已，曰：“如我死，則必大為我棺，使吾二婢子夾我。”陳幹昔死，其子曰：“以殉葬，非禮也。況又同棺乎？”弗果殺。
Chen Gan Xi was gravely ill and entrusted his brothers, and ordered his son Zunji: "If I die, be sure to make a big coffin for me, and let my two maidservants lie beside me." When Chen Gan Xi died, his son said: "To bury living people with the dead does not accord with ritual. How much less so in the same coffin?" In the end they were not killed.
仲遂卒於垂，壬午獨繹，萬入去鑰，仲尼曰：“非禮也。”卿卒不繹。
Zhong Sui died at Chui. On the day renwu, the follow-up sacrifice was held alone, the ten-thousand dance was brought in, and the flute was left out. Zhongni said: "This does not accord with ritual. When a minister dies, the follow-up sacrifice is not held."
季康子之母死，公輸若方小斂，般請以機封，將從之，公肩假曰：“不可。夫魯有初，公室視豐碑，三家視桓楹，般，爾以人之母嘗巧，則豈不得以其母以嘗巧者乎？則病者乎？噫，弗果從！”
When Ji Kangzi's mother died, Gongshu Ruo was doing the lesser dressing, and Gongshu Ban asked to use a mechanism to lower the coffin into the grave, and it was about to be followed. Gongjian Jia said: "This will not do. Lu has an old precedent: the ducal house uses the stone stele as a model and the Three Families use the Huan pillars. Ban, you are testing your clever craft on other people's mothers; could you not test your clever craft on your own mother? Then you would be sick indeed! Ah!" In the end it was not followed.
戰於郎，公叔禺人遇負杖入保者息，曰：“使之雖病也，任之雖重也，君子不能為謀也，士弗能死也，不可。我則既言矣。”與其鄰重汪踦往，皆死焉，魯人慾勿殤重汪踦，問於仲尼，仲尼曰：“能執干戈以衛社稷，雖欲勿殤也，不亦可乎？”
In the battle at Lang, Gongshu Yuren met a man who had carried his staff into the fortress to rest, and said: "Although the service we demand of them makes them suffer and the taxes are heavy, if noble persons cannot offer plans and scholars cannot die for the state, that is not acceptable. I have already said so." Together with the youth Wang Qi of his neighborhood he went forward, and both died. The men of Lu wanted to bury Wang Qi not as one who died young, and asked Zhongni. Zhongni said: "One who can take up shield and spear to defend the altars of the state, even if one wishes not to bury him as one who died young, is that not also acceptable?"
子路去魯，謂顏淵曰：“何以贈我？”曰：“吾聞之也：去國，則哭於墓而後行，反其國不哭，展墓而入。”謂子路曰：“何以處我？”子路曰：“吾聞之也：過墓則式，過祀則下。”
When Zilu left Lu, he said to Yan Yuan: "What will you give me as a parting gift?" Yan Yuan said: "I have heard that when leaving one's own state, one weeps before the graves and then sets off; when returning to one's own state, one does not weep but examines the graves and then enters the city." He asked Zilu in turn: "What will you give to settle me?" Zilu said: "I have heard that when passing a grave one leans on the chariot rail, and when passing a place of sacrifice one gets down from the chariot."
工尹商陽與陳棄疾追吳師，及之，陳棄疾謂工尹商陽曰：“王事也，子手弓而可。”手弓，“子射諸。”射之，斃一人，韔弓，又及，謂之：“又斃二人。”每斃一人，揜其目，止其御曰：“朝不坐，燕不與，殺三人，亦足以反命矣。”孔子曰：“殺人之中，又有禮焉。”
Shangyang, the Chief of Artisans, and Chen Qiji pursued the Wu army and caught up with it. Chen Qiji said to Shangyang: "This is the king's business; you may hold your bow." He held his bow. "You may shoot." He shot and killed one man and put his bow into its case. They caught up again, and Chen Qiji told him again, and he shot and killed two men. Each time he killed a man, he covered his own eyes. He stopped his driver and said: "I have no seat at court and do not take part in banquets; killing three men is enough to go back and report." Confucius said: "Even in killing there is ritual."
諸侯伐秦，曹桓公卒於會，諸侯請含，使之襲。
The feudal lords attacked Qin, and Duke Huan of Cao died at the assembly. The lords asked to place jade in his mouth and have someone dress him.
襄公朝於荊，康王卒，荊人曰：“必請襲。”魯人曰：“非禮也。”荊人強之，巫先拂柩，荊人悔之。
Duke Xiang went to Jing to pay court, and King Kang died. The men of Jing said: "We must ask that he dress the dead king." The men of Lu said: "That does not accord with ritual." The men of Jing pressed it, but the shaman first brushed the coffin, and the men of Jing came to regret it.
滕成公之喪，使子叔敬叔吊，進書，子服惠伯為介。及郊，為懿伯之忌不入，惠伯曰：“政也，不可以叔父之私不將公事。”遂入。
At the mourning for Duke Cheng of Teng, Zishu Jingshu was sent to offer condolences and present the letter, with Zifu Huibo as his deputy. When they reached the outskirts, they did not enter the city because it was the anniversary of Yibo's death. Huibo said: "This is public business; one must not neglect public business for the private taboo of one's uncle." So they entered the city.
哀公使人吊蕢尚，遇諸道，闢於路，畫宮而受吊焉。曾子曰：“蕢尚不如杞梁之妻之知禮也。”齊莊公襲莒於奪，杞梁死焉，其妻迎其柩於路，而哭之哀，莊公使人吊之，對曰：“君之臣不免於罪，則將肆諸市朝，而妻妾執。君之臣免於罪，則有先人之敝廬在，君無所辱命。”
Duke Ai sent someone to offer condolences to Kuishang, and they met on the road; Kuishang left the road and drew the shape of a hall on the ground to receive the condolences. Zengzi said: "Kuishang does not know ritual as well as the wife of Qiliang." Duke Zhuang of Qi launched a raid on Ju through a narrow pass, and Qiliang died. His wife met the coffin on the road and wept with deep grief. Duke Zhuang sent someone to offer condolences, and she replied: "If the ruler's minister cannot escape guilt, his body will be exposed in the market and court, and his wife and concubines seized. If the ruler's minister is free of guilt, then there is the shabby house of his ancestors, and the ruler need not condescend to give orders."
孺子（左“享”右“黃”）之喪，哀公欲設撥，問於有若，有若曰：“其可也。君之三臣猶設之。”顏柳曰：“天子龍輴而槨幬，諸侯輴而設幬。為榆沈，故設撥。三臣者廢輴而設撥，竊禮之不中者也。而君何學焉？”
At the mourning for the young prince Xianghuang (name partly illegible in the source), Duke Ai wanted to set up the ropes for pulling the hearse and asked You Ruo. You Ruo said: "It can be done. The ruler's three ministers still use them." Yan Liu said: "The Son of Heaven uses the dragon-painted hearse with a covering over the outer coffin, and the feudal lords use the plain hearse with a covering. Because the wheels were greased with elm-soaked liquid, the ropes were set up. The Three Families abolished the hearse but set up the ropes, which is stealing a ritual and not hitting the mark. Why should the ruler imitate them?"
悼公之母死，哀公為之齊衰，有若曰：“為妾齊衰，禮與？”公曰：“吾得已乎哉？魯人以妻我。”
When Duke Dao's mother died, Duke Ai wore the second grade of mourning for her. You Ruo said: "Is wearing the second grade of mourning for a concubine in accordance with ritual?" Duke Ai said: "Could I do otherwise? The men of Lu regarded her as my wife."
季子皋葬其妻，犯人之禾，申祥以告，曰：“請庚之。”子皋曰：“孟氏不以是罪予，朋友不以是棄予，以吾為邑長於斯也。”買道而葬，後難繼也。
When Ji Zigao buried his wife, he trampled on another person's grain. Shen Xiang told him: "Please compensate for it." Zigao said: "The Meng family does not blame me for this, and my friends do not abandon me for it, because I am the head of this town. If I bought a road to bury her, those after me would find it hard to continue."
仕而未有祿者，君有饋焉曰獻，使焉曰寡君，違而君薨，弗為服也。
One who holds office but has no stipend yet, when the ruler sends a gift, calls it an offering, and when sent on a mission, calls his ruler 'our humble ruler'; if he leaves and the ruler then dies, he does not mourn for him.
虞而立屍，有几筵。
At the tranquilizing sacrifice, the impersonator of the dead is established, with a low table and a mat.
卒哭而諱，生事畢而鬼事始已。既卒哭，宰夫執木鐸以命於宮曰：“舍故而諱新。”自寢門至於庫門。
Only after the end of wailing does one observe name taboos. The service of the living is finished, and the service of ghosts begins. After the end of wailing, the cook shakes the wooden bell in the palace and proclaims: "Abandon the old taboo and observe the new." This goes from the bedchamber door all the way to the storehouse gate.
二名不偏諱，夫子之母名徵在，言在不稱徵，言徵不稱在。
With a two-character name, one does not avoid just one of the characters. The Master's mother was named Zhengzai; when saying "zai" he did not say "zheng," and when saying "zheng" he did not say "zai."
軍有憂，則素服哭於庫門之外，赴車不載櫜韔。
When the army suffers a disaster, one wears plain clothing and weeps outside the storehouse gate, and the carts announcing the death carry no bow cases or armor covers.
有焚其先人之室，則三日哭。故曰：新宮火，亦三日哭。
If someone burns down the chamber of an ancestral temple, one weeps for three days. Hence it is said: when a new palace burns, one also weeps for three days.
孔子過泰山側，有婦人哭於墓者而哀，夫子式而聽之，使子路問之曰：“子之哭也，壹似重有憂者。”而曰：“然！昔者吾舅死於虎，吾夫又死焉，今吾子又死焉。”夫子曰：“何為不去也？”曰：“無苛政。”夫子曰：“小子識之。苛政猛於虎也。”
Confucius passed by the side of Mount Tai, where a woman was weeping with deep grief before a grave. The Master leaned on the chariot rail and listened, and had Zilu ask her: "Your weeping sounds very much like one who has heaped up sorrows." The woman said: "It is so! In the past my husband's father was killed by a tiger, then my husband was killed by a tiger, and now my son has also been killed by a tiger." The Master said: "Why do you not leave?" She said: "There is no harsh government here." The Master said: "Remember this, young men: harsh government is fiercer than a tiger."
魯人有周豐也者，哀公執摯請見之，而曰“不可”。公曰：“我其已夫！”使人問焉，曰：“有虞氏未施信於民而民信之，夏后氏未施敬於民而民敬之，何施而得斯於民也？”對曰：“墟墓之間，未施哀於民而民哀，社稷宗廟之中，未施敬於民而民敬，殷人作誓而民始畔，周人作會而民始疑。苟無禮義忠信誠愨之心以蒞之，雖固結之，民其不解乎！”
In Lu there was a man named Zhou Feng. Duke Ai held a gift of introduction and asked to see him, and he said, "It cannot be." Duke Ai said: "I must simply give up, then!" He sent someone to ask him: "The House of Youyu had not yet shown good faith to the people, yet the people trusted him; the Lord of Xia had not yet shown reverence to the people, yet the people revered him. What did they apply to the people to obtain this from them?" He replied: "Among ruins and graves, before any grief was shown to the people, the people grieved; in the altars and ancestral temples, before any reverence was shown to the people, the people were reverent. The Yin people made oaths, and the people began to rebel; the Zhou people made covenants, and the people began to doubt. If one has no heart of ritual, righteousness, loyalty, good faith and sincerity with which to approach the people, then even if one forcibly holds them together, how could the people not scatter!"
喪不慮居，毀不危身。喪不慮居，為無廟也，毀不危身，為無後也。
In mourning one does not think about where one lives, and grief and emaciation must not endanger the body. In mourning one does not think about where one lives because there is no temple; grief must not endanger the body because there would be no heir.
延陵季子適齊，於其反也，其長子死，葬於贏博之間。孔子曰：“延陵季子，吳之習於禮者也。”往而觀其葬焉，其坎深不至於泉，其斂以時服，既葬而封，廣輪揜坎，其高可隱也。既封，左袒，右還其封，且號者三，曰：“骨肉歸復於土，命也。若魂氣則無不之也，無不之也。”而遂行。孔子曰：“延陵季子之於禮也，其合矣乎！”
Jizi of Yanling went to Qi, and on his return, his eldest son died and was buried between Ying and Bo. Confucius said: "Jizi of Yanling is a man of Wu well versed in ritual." He went to watch the burial. The grave pit was not deep enough to reach water, the dressing was done in everyday clothes of the time, and after the burial a mound was raised just wide and long enough to cover the pit and high enough to lean on. When the mound was done, he bared his left arm, circled the mound to the right, and wailed three times, saying: "That bones and flesh return to the earth is fate. As for the spirit and breath, there is nowhere they do not go, nowhere they do not go." Then he set off. Confucius said: "Jizi of Yanling, in his observance of ritual, is in accord with it indeed!"
邾婁考公之喪，徐君使容居來吊含，曰：“寡君使容居坐含，進侯玉，其使容居以含。”有司曰：“諸侯之來辱敝邑者，易則易，於則於，易於雜者未之有也。”容居對曰：“容居聞之：事君不敢忘其君，亦不敢遺其祖。昔我先君駒王，西討濟於河，無所不用斯言也。容居，魯人也，不敢忘其祖。”
At the mourning for Duke Kao of Zhulou, the Lord of Xu sent Rong Ju to offer condolences and place jade in the mouth, saying: "My humble lord sends Rong Ju to sit and perform the mouth-filling rite, offering the lord's jade, and has Rong Ju do the filling." The officials said: "When feudal lords condescend to come to our humble state, they simplify what should be simple and make solemn what should be solemn; mixing the simple and the solemn has not yet been done." Rong Ju answered: "I, Rong Ju, have heard that in serving one's ruler one dares not forget one's ruler, and dares not forget one's ancestors either. In the past my former lord, King Ju, campaigned west and crossed the Yellow River, and he used these very words everywhere. I, Rong Ju, am a man of Lu and dare not forget my ancestors."
子思之母死於衛，赴於子思，子思哭於廟，門人至曰：“庶氏之母死，何為哭於孔氏之廟乎？”子思曰：“吾過矣！吾過矣！”遂哭於他室。
Zisi's mother died in Wei, and word of the death was brought to Zisi. Zisi wept in the ancestral temple. When his disciples arrived they said: "The mother of the Shu family has died; why do you weep in the temple of the Kong family?" Zisi said: "I was wrong! I was wrong!" So he went to weep in another room.
天子崩，三日，祝先服，五日，官長服，七日，國中男女服，三月，天下服。虞人致百祀之木，可以為棺槨者斬之，不至者，廢其祀，刎其人。
When the Son of Heaven dies, after three days the invocator puts on mourning first; after five days, the chiefs of offices put on mourning; after seven days, the men and women of the capital put on mourning; after three months, the whole world puts on mourning. The foresters present the trees from the various sacred groves that can be made into a coffin, and cut them down; if a grove lacks such a tree, its sacrifices are abolished and the man in charge is put to death.
齊大飢，黔敖為食於路，以待餓者而食之。有餓者，蒙袂輯屨，貿貿然來，黔敖左奉食，右執飲，曰：“嗟，來食！”揚其目而視之，曰：“予唯不食嗟來之食，以至於斯也。”從而謝焉，終不食而死。曾子聞之曰：“微與！其嗟也可去，其謝也可食。”
A great famine struck Qi, and Qian Ao prepared food by the roadside to wait for the hungry and give it to them. There was a hungry man who came dizzily, covering his face with his sleeve and dragging his shoes. Qian Ao held food in his left hand and drink in his right, and said: "Hey, come and eat!" The man looked up at him and said: "It is just because I would not eat food given with a 'hey!' that I have come to this." Qian Ao followed him and apologized, but in the end he would not eat and died. Zengzi heard of it and said: "There was no need! When he was called with 'hey' he could leave, but once he had apologized he could have eaten."
邾婁定公之時，有弒其父者，有司以告，公瞿然失席，曰：“是寡人之罪也。”曰：“寡人嘗學斷斯獄矣！臣弒君，凡在官者，殺無赦。子弒父，凡在宮者，殺無赦。殺其人，壞其室，洿其宮而豬焉。蓋君踰月而後舉爵。”
In the time of Duke Ding of Zhulou, there was a man who killed his father. An official came to report it, and the Duke started up in alarm, left his seat, and said: "This is my guilt." He also said: "I once studied how to judge such cases! When a minister murders his ruler, all those in office are killed without pardon. When a son murders his father, all those in the household are killed without pardon. Kill that man, tear down his house, and dig up his dwelling to make a pond. The ruler, after a month has passed, will then lift a cup."
晉獻文子成室，晉大夫發焉，張老曰：“美哉輪焉！美哉奐焉！歌於斯，哭於斯，聚國族於斯。”文子曰：“武也，得歌於斯，哭於斯，聚國族於斯。是全要領以從先大夫於九京也。”北面再拜稽首，君子謂之善頌善禱。
When Lord Xian of Jin and Wenzi had completed building their new hall, the great officers of Jin sent gifts of congratulation. Zhang Lao said: "How splendid, so tall and grand! How splendid, so richly adorned! Here you may sing, here you may weep, and here you may gather the clans of the state." Wenzi said: "If I, Wu, may sing here, weep here, and gather the clans of the state here, then I will have kept my waist and neck whole to follow the former great officers into the Nine Plains." He faced north, bowed twice and touched his head to the ground. The gentlemen praised them as skilled in felicitation and skilled in prayer.
仲尼之畜狗死，使子貢埋之，曰：“吾聞之也：敝帷不棄，為埋馬也；敝蓋不棄，為埋狗也。丘也貧，無蓋，於其封也，亦予之席，毋使其首陷焉。”路馬死，埋之以帷。
When Zhongni's dog died, he had Zigong bury it, saying: "I have heard that a worn-out curtain is not thrown away, because it is used to bury a horse; a worn-out carriage canopy is not thrown away, because it is used to bury a dog. I, Qiu, am poor and have no canopy. When it is laid in the grave, give it a mat too, so that its head does not sink into the earth." When a horse of the ruler's carriage died, it was buried wrapped in a curtain.
季孫之母死，哀公吊焉，曾子與子貢吊焉，閽人為君在，弗內也，曾子與子貢入於其廄而修容焉。子貢先入，閽人曰：“鄉者已告矣。”曾子後入，閽人避之，涉內溜，卿大夫皆闢位，公降一等而揖之。君子言之曰：“盡飾之道，斯其行者遠矣。”
When the mother of Ji Sun died, Duke Ai went to offer condolences, and Zengzi and Zigong also went to offer condolences. The gatekeeper, because the ruler was present, would not let them in. Zengzi and Zigong went into the stable to tidy their appearance. Zigong entered first, and the gatekeeper said: "I have already announced you." Zengzi entered afterward, and the gatekeeper stood aside, and he passed through the middle of the courtyard under the eaves. The ministers and great officers all gave up their places, and Duke Ai descended one step to bow to them. The gentlemen discussed it and said: "The Way of sincerely tidying oneself, practiced in this way, reaches far."
陽門之介夫死，司城子罕入而哭之哀，晉人之覘宋者反報於晉侯曰：“陽門之介夫死，而子罕哭之哀，而民說，殆不可伐也。”孔子聞之曰：“善哉覘國乎！詩云：凡民有喪，扶服救之。雖微晉而已，天下其孰能當之？”
When a soldier of the Yang Gate died, Zihan, Minister of Works of Song, went in and wept most sorrowfully. A man who had been spying on Song for Jin returned and reported to the Marquis of Jin: "A soldier of the Yang Gate has died, and Zihan wept most sorrowfully; the people were glad of it. It is probably not possible to attack." Confucius heard of it and said: "He is good at spying on a state's condition! The Book of Poetry says: 'When any of the common people has a death, go with all your strength to help.' Even with no Jin, who in the world could resist such a state?"
魯莊公之喪，既葬，而絰不入庫門，士大夫既卒哭，麻不入。
At the funeral of Duke Zhuang of Lu, after the burial, the mourning headband and girdle did not enter the Treasury Gate; after the officers and great officers had ended their wailing, the hemp did not enter.
孔子之故人曰原壤，其母死，夫子助之沐槨，原壤登木曰：“久矣！予之不託於音也。”歌曰：“狸首之班然，執女手之卷然。”夫子為弗聞也者而過之，從者曰：“子未可以已乎？”夫子曰：“丘聞之：親者毋失其為親也，故者毋失其為故也。”
Confucius had an old friend named Yuan Rang. When his mother died, the Master helped him repair her outer coffin. Yuan Rang climbed up on the timber and said: "It has been a long time since I last gave my feelings over to music!" He sang: "The markings on the wildcat's head are so mottled; to hold your hand is so fine." The Master pretended not to hear and walked past. His followers said: "Can you not yet stop associating with him?" The Master said: "I have heard that if someone is a relative, one should not lose the way of treating him as a relative; if someone is an old friend, one should not lose the way of treating him as an old friend."
趙文子與叔譽觀乎九原，文子曰：“死者如可作也，吾誰與歸？”叔譽曰：“其陽處父乎？”文子曰：“行幷植於晉國，不沒其身，其知不足稱也。”“其舅犯乎？”文子曰：“見利不顧其君，其仁不足稱也。我則隨武子乎？利其君不忘其身，謀其身不遺其友。”晉人謂文子知人。文子，其中退然如不勝衣，其言吶吶然如不出其口，所舉於晉國，管庫之士，七十有餘家，生不交利，死不屬其子焉。
Zhao Wenzi and Shu Yu were looking about at the Nine Plains. Wenzi said: "If the dead could rise again, whom would I follow?" Shu Yu said: "Perhaps Yang Chufu?" Wenzi said: "He held exclusive power in Jin and was upright, but he did not come to a good end himself; his wisdom is not worth praising." "Perhaps Jiu Fan?" Wenzi said: "He saw profit and ignored his ruler; his benevolence is not worth praising. Shall I follow Sui Wuzi instead? What he did benefited his ruler without forgetting himself, and in planning for himself he did not abandon his friends." The people of Jin said that Wenzi knew men. As for Wenzi himself, his body was so yielding and reserved that he seemed unable to bear his clothes, and his speech was so halting that he seemed unable to get words out of his mouth. In Jin, the men he promoted to be keepers of the storehouses numbered more than seventy households; while alive he did not trade goods or profit with them, and when he died he did not entrust his sons to them.
叔仲皮學子柳。叔仲皮死，其妻魯人也，衣衰而繆絰，叔仲衍以吉，請繐衰而環絰，曰：“昔者吾喪姑姊妹亦如斯，末吾禁也。”退使其妻繐衰而環絰。
Shuzhong Pi had taught Zi Liu. When Shuzhong Pi died, Zi Liu's wife was a woman of Lu, and she wore the mourning garment with an intertwined headband. Shuzhong Yan held that she should follow the more auspicious style, and asked her to change to fine hemp mourning garments and a ring-shaped headband, saying: "When I mourned for my paternal aunts and sisters I did the same, and no one forbade me." He withdrew and had Zi Liu's wife wear the fine hemp mourning garment and the ring-shaped headband.
成人有其兄死而不為衰者，聞子皋將為成宰，遂為衰。成人曰：“蠶則績而蟹有匡，範則冠而蟬有緌，兄則死而子皋為之衰。”
In Cheng town there was a man whose elder brother died, yet he did not wear mourning for him; only when he heard that Zi Gao was about to become steward of Cheng did he put on mourning. The people of Cheng said: "The silkworm spins its thread and the crab has its basket, the bee has its crest and the cicada its cap tassel, yet he put on mourning for his elder brother only because of Zi Gao."
樂正子春之母死，五日而不食，曰：“吾悔之。自吾母而不得吾情，吾惡乎用吾情？”
When the mother of Yuezheng Zichun died, he did not eat for five days, saying: "I regret it. If I cannot find my true feelings in my own mother's death, where else will I use my true feelings?"
歲旱，穆公召縣子而問然，曰：“天久不雨，吾欲暴尪而奚若？”曰：“天久不雨，而暴人之疾子，虐。毋乃不可與？”“然則吾欲暴巫而奚若？”曰：“天則不雨，而望之愚婦人，於以求之，毋乃已疏乎？”“徙市則奚若？”曰：“天子崩，巷市七日。諸侯薨，巷市三日。為之徙市，不亦可乎？”
In a year of drought, Duke Mu summoned Xian Zi to ask him, saying: "Heaven has not sent rain for a long time. I want to leave the sickly exposed to the sun. What do you think?" Xian Zi said: "Heaven has not sent rain for a long time, and to expose other people's sick children to the sun is cruelty. It probably cannot be done." "Then I would like to expose the shamaness. What do you think?" He said: "Heaven does not send rain, and to pin one's hopes on foolish women and use them to beg for rain is probably too remote a way." "What about moving the market?" He said: "When the Son of Heaven dies, the market is moved to the lanes for seven days. When a feudal lord dies, the lane market lasts three days. To move the market for this reason, would that not also be acceptable?"
孔子曰：“衛人之祔也離之，魯人之祔也合之。善夫！”
Confucius said: "The people of Wei bury the spouse separately in a joint burial, and the people of Lu bury them together. How good that is!"