Duke Cheng

元年春，王正月，公即位。繼正即位，正也。

In spring of the first year, in the first month, Duke Xiang took the throne. To take the throne after a ruler who died a natural death is the proper rule.

仲孫蔑會晉欒黶、宋華元、衛寧殖、曹人、莒人、邾人、滕人、薛人，圍宋彭城。系彭城於宋者，不與魚石，正也。

Zhongsun Mie joined Luan Yan of Jin, Hua Yuan of Song, Ning Zhi of Wei, the men of Cao, the men of Ju, the men of Zhu, the men of Teng and the men of Xue in besieging Pengcheng of Song. To attach Pengcheng to Song disapproves of Yu Shi, which is the right way.

仲孫蔑會齊崔杼、曹人、邾人、杞人，次於鄫。

Zhongsun Mie joined Cui Zhu of Qi, the men of Cao, the men of Zhu and the men of Qi, and encamped at Zeng.

晉師、宋師、衛寧殖侵鄭。其曰衛寧殖，如是而稱於前事也。

The Jin army, the Song army and Ning Zhi of Wei invaded Zheng. Calling him "Ning Zhi of Wei" is to name him as before, according to the earlier event.

秋，七月，仲孫蔑會晉荀罃、宋華元、衛孫林父、曹人、邾人於戚。

In autumn, in the seventh month, Zhongsun Mie met Xun Ying of Jin, Hua Yuan of Song, Sun Linfu of Wei, the men of Cao and the men of Zhu at Qi.

冬，仲孫蔑會晉荀罃、齊崔杼、宋華元、衛孫林父、曹人、邾人、滕人、薛人、小邾人於戚，遂城虎牢。若言中國焉，內鄭也。

In winter, Zhongsun Mie met Xun Ying of Jin, Cui Zhu of Qi, Hua Yuan of Song, Sun Linfu of Wei, the men of Cao, the men of Zhu, the men of Teng, the men of Xue and the men of Little Zhu at Qi, and then fortified Hulao. This is written as if speaking of the Central Plains' own affair, treating Zheng as one of their own.

六月，公會單子、晉侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、莒子、邾子、齊世子光。己未，同盟於雞澤。同者，有同也，同外楚也。

In the sixth month, Duke Xiang joined Shan Zi, the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu and Guang, crown prince of Qi. On jiwei, they swore a joint covenant at Jize. "Joint" means a shared aim, that is, jointly resisting Chu.

陳侯使袁僑如會。如會，外乎會也，於會受命也。

The Marquis of Chen sent Yuan Qiao to the meeting. "Went to the meeting" means he was still outside the meeting and received orders at the meeting.

戊寅，叔孫豹及諸侯之大夫，及陳袁僑盟。及以及，與之也。諸侯以為可與則與之，不可與則釋之。諸侯盟，又大夫相與私盟，是大夫張也。故雞澤之會，諸侯始失正矣！大夫執國權，曰袁僑，異之也。

On wuyin, Shusun Bao and the great officers of the feudal lords, together with Yuan Qiao of Chen, made a covenant. The use of "and" and again "and" approves of them. The feudal lords made friends where they thought it possible and put aside where they thought it not. The feudal lords had made a covenant, and then the great officers made covenants with each other in private, which is the great officers expanding. So at this meeting at Jize, the feudal lords began to lose the proper way! The great officers took hold of the state's authority. Naming "Yuan Qiao" alone treats him as different.

叔孫豹、繒世子巫如晉。外不言如，而言如，為我事往也。

Shusun Bao and Wu, crown prince of Zeng, went to Jin. Affairs of other states normally do not write "went to"; here "went to" is written because it was on behalf of our Lu's business.

仲孫蔑、衛孫林父會吳於善稻。吳謂善伊，謂稻緩，號從中國，名從主人。

Zhongsun Mie and Sun Linfu of Wei met Wu at Shandao. The men of Wu call "shan" "yi," and call "dao" "huan." The titles follow the Central Plains, and the names follow the host.

公會晉侯、宋公、陳侯、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、齊世子光、吳人、繒人於戚。公至自會。

Duke Xiang joined the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Chen, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, Guang, crown prince of Qi, the men of Wu and the men of Zeng at Qi. Duke Xiang returned from the meeting.

公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、齊世子光，救陳。十有二月，公至自救陳。善救陳也。

Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, and Guang, heir of Qi, to rescue Chen. In the twelfth month, Duke Xiang returned from the army that rescued Chen. The text approves of rescuing Chen.

莒人滅繒。非滅也。中國日，卑國月，夷狄時。繒，中國也，而時，非滅也。家有既亡，國有既滅，滅而不自知，由別之而不別也。莒人滅繒，非滅也。非立異姓以蒞祭祀，滅亡之道也。

The men of Ju destroyed Zeng. In fact it was not a destruction. For states of the central lands the day is recorded, for lesser states the month, and for the barbarians the season. Zeng was a central state, yet it is recorded by season, which shows it was not truly destroyed. A household may have already perished without knowing it, and a state may have already been destroyed without knowing it; to destroy oneself without knowing it is because what ought to be distinguished was not distinguished. The men of Ju did not destroy Zeng. To set up a person of a different surname to preside over the sacrifices, that is the road to destruction.

夏，四月，三卜郊；不從，乃免牲。夏四月，不時也。三卜，禮也。乃者，亡乎人之辭也。

In the fourth month of summer, divination was made three times for the suburban sacrifice; it was not favorable, and so the sacrificial animal was spared. The fourth month of summer was not the proper season. Three divinations accord with ritual. "Nai" is a word for something not within human wishes.

冬，十月，衛侯使孫林父來聘。壬戌，及孫林父盟。

In the tenth month of winter, the Marquis of Wei sent Sun Linfu to make a friendly visit. On the renxu day, a covenant was made with Sun Linfu.

十有二月，公會晉侯、宋公、陳侯、衛侯、曹伯、莒子、邾子於鄬。鄭伯髡原如會。未見諸侯。丙戌，卒於操。未見諸侯，其曰如會，何也？致其志也。禮，諸侯不生名，此其生名，何也？卒之名也。卒之名，則何為加之如會之上？見以如會卒也。其見以如會卒，何也？鄭伯將會中國，其臣欲從楚；不勝其臣，弒而死。其不言弒，何也？不使夷狄之民加乎中國之君也。其地，於外也；其日，未逾竟也。日卒時葬，正也。

In the twelfth month, Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Chen, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju and the Viscount of Zhu at Wei. Kun Yuan, Earl of Zheng, went to attend the meeting but had not yet seen the lords. On the bingxu day he died at Cao. He had not yet seen the lords; why is it written "went to the meeting"? To fulfill his intention. By ritual, a lord is not called by name while alive; here he is named while alive; why? He is named according to his death. If named according to his death, why is it placed above "went to the meeting"? To show that he died because of going to the meeting. Why show that he died because of going to the meeting? The Earl of Zheng wanted to join the central states, but his ministers wanted to follow Chu; he could not control his ministers and was killed. Why is it not written "killed"? So as not to put barbarian people above a ruler of the central states. The place is recorded because he died abroad; the day is recorded because he had not yet left his borders. Recording the day of death and the season of burial is the regular form.

鄭人侵蔡，獲蔡公子溼。人，微者也。侵，淺事也。而獲公子，公子病矣！

The men of Zheng invaded Cai and captured Shi, a son of the Duke of Cai. Calling them "men" means people of low rank. Invading is a minor matter. Yet they captured a duke's son, and the duke's son is put to shame!

季孫宿會晉侯、鄭伯、齊人、宋人、衛人、邾人於邢丘。見魯之失正也。公在而大夫會也。

Ji Sun Su met with the Marquis of Jin, the Earl of Zheng, the men of Qi, the men of Song, the men of Wei and the men of Zhu at Xingqiu. This shows that Lu had lost the right way: the ruler was still there, but a senior official went to meet with others.

九年春，宋災。外災不志，此其志，何也？故宋也。

In the spring of the ninth year, there was a fire in Song. Disasters in other states are not usually recorded in the text; it is recorded here, why? Because Confucius's ancestors were people of Song.

冬，公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子、齊世子光，伐鄭。十有二月，己亥，同盟於戲。不異鄭，善得鄭也。不致，恥不能據鄭也。

In winter, Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi, the Viscount of Little Zhu and Guang, heir of Qi, and attacked Zheng. On the jihai day of the twelfth month, a covenant was made at Xi. Not treating Zheng as a separate matter shows approval of gaining Zheng. Not writing of the return shows shame at not being able to hold Zheng steady.

十年春，公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子、齊世子光，會吳於柤。會又會，外之也。

In the spring of the tenth year, Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi, the Viscount of Little Zhu and Guang, heir of Qi, and met Wu at Zha. To meet and meet again is to treat it as an outsider.

夏，五月甲午，遂滅傅陽。遂，直遂也；其曰遂何？不以中國從夷狄也。

In the fifth month of summer, on the jiawu day, they then destroyed Fuyang. "Sui" means going straight on with it; why is "sui" written? To keep the central states from following the barbarians.

公至自會。會夷狄不致，惡事不致，此其致，何也？存中國也。中國有善事，則並焉；無善事，則異之存之也。汲鄭伯，逃歸陳侯。致柤之會，存中國也。

Duke Xiang returned from the meeting. Meeting with barbarians is normally not recorded as a return, and evil deeds are normally not recorded as a return; it is written here, why? To preserve the central states. When the central states have something good, it is written together; when there is none, it is written separately, in order to preserve them. They held on to the Earl of Zheng, and the Marquis of Chen fled back. Writing the return according to the meeting at Zha is to preserve the central states.

公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、齊世子光、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子，伐鄭。

Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, Guang, heir of Qi, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhu, and attacked Zheng.

冬，盜殺鄭公子斐、公子發、公孫輒。稱盜以殺大夫，弗以上下道，惡上也。

In winter, bandits killed Gongzi Fei, Gongzi Fa and Gongsun Zhe of Zheng. Calling them "bandits" in recording the killing of senior officials, and not speaking in terms of high and low rank, is to show hatred for those above.

十有一年春，王正月，作三軍。作，為也。古者天子六師，諸侯一軍。作三軍，非正也。

In the spring of the eleventh year, the first month of the Zhou calendar, three armies were established. "Zuo" means to make. In ancient times the Son of Heaven had six armies and a lord had one army. To establish three armies was not the right way.

夏，四月，四卜郊。不從，乃不郊。夏四月，不時也。四卜，非禮也。

In the fourth month of summer, divination was made four times for the suburban sacrifice. It was not favorable, and so the suburban sacrifice was not held. The fourth month of summer was not the proper season. Four divinations do not accord with ritual.

公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、曹伯、齊世子光、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子，伐鄭。

Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, Guang, heir of Qi, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhu, and attacked Zheng.

公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、曹伯、齊世子光、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子伐鄭，會於蕭魚。公至自會。伐而後會，不以伐鄭致，得鄭伯之辭也。

Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, Guang, heir of Qi, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhu in attacking Zheng, and they met at Xiaoyu. Duke Xiang returned from the meeting. They attacked first and then met, yet the return is not written as "attacking Zheng"; this is the wording of having already obtained the Earl of Zheng.

十有二年春，王三月，莒人伐我東鄙，圍邰。伐國不言圍邑，舉重也；取邑不書圍，安足書也。

In the spring of the twelfth year, the third month of the Zhou calendar, the men of Ju attacked the eastern border town of our state of Lu and besieged Tai. When attacking a state, the siege of a city is not written separately; this raises the weightier side; even taking a city is not written as a siege, so is a siege worth writing?

季孫宿帥師救邰，遂入鄆。遂，繼事也。受命而救邰，不受命而入鄆，惡季孫宿也。

Ji Sun Su led an army to rescue Tai, and then entered Yun. "Sui" means going on to do another matter. He was commissioned to rescue Tai, but without commission entered Yun, which shows disapproval of Ji Sun Su.

十有四年春，王正月，季孫宿、叔老會晉士丐、齊人、宋人、衛人、鄭公孫蠆、曹人、莒人、邾人、滕人、薛人、杞人、小邾人，會吳於向。

In the spring of the fourteenth year, the first month of the Zhou calendar, Ji Sun Su and Shu Lao met with Shi Gai of Jin, the men of Qi, the men of Song, the men of Wei, Gongsun Chai of Zheng, the men of Cao, the men of Ju, the men of Zhu, the men of Teng, the men of Xue, the men of Qi and the men of Little Zhu, and met Wu at Xiang.

夏，四月，叔孫豹會晉荀偃、齊人、宋人、衛北宮括、鄭公孫蠆、曹人、莒人、邾人、滕人、薛人、杞人、小邾人，伐秦。

In the fourth month of summer, Shu Sun Bao met with Xun Yan of Jin, the men of Qi, the men of Song, Beigong Kuo of Wei, Gongsun Chai of Zheng, the men of Cao, the men of Ju, the men of Zhu, the men of Teng, the men of Xue, the men of Qi and the men of Little Zhu, and attacked Qin.

冬，季孫宿會晉士丐、宋華閱、衛孫林父、鄭公孫蠆、莒人、邾人於戚。

In winter, Ji Sun Su met with Shi Gai of Jin, Hua Yue of Song, Sun Linfu of Wei, Gongsun Chai of Zheng, the men of Ju and the men of Zhu at Qi.

十有五年春，宋公使向戌來聘。二月己亥，及向戌盟於劉。

In the spring of the fifteenth year, the Duke of Song sent Xiang Xu to make a friendly visit. On the jihai day of the second month, a covenant was made with Xiang Xu at Liu.

三月，公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子於湨梁。戊寅，大夫盟。湨梁之會，諸侯失正矣！諸侯會而曰大夫盟，正在大夫也。諸侯在而不曰諸侯之大夫，大夫不臣也。

In the third month, Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhu at Jueliang. On the wuyin day, the senior officials made a covenant. At the meeting of Jueliang, the lords lost the right way! The lords met, yet it was written as the senior officials making a covenant; the right way had fallen into the hands of senior officials. The lords were still there, yet it is not written "senior officials of the lords"; this is because the senior officials did not act like ministers.

叔老會鄭伯、晉荀偃、衛寧殖、宋人，伐許。

Shu Lao met with the Earl of Zheng, Xun Yan of Jin, Ning Zhi of Wei and the men of Song, and attacked Xu.

秋，齊侯伐我北鄙，圍桃。齊高厚帥師伐我北鄙，圍防。

In autumn, the Marquis of Qi attacked the northern border town of our state of Lu and besieged Tao. Gao Hou of Qi led an army to attack the northern border town of Lu and besieged Fang.

夏，晉人執衛行人石買。稱行人，怨接於上也。

In summer, the men of Jin seized Shi Mai, an envoy of Wei. Calling him an "envoy" means the resentment was passed up to the top.

冬，十月，公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子，同圍齊。非圍而曰圍，齊有大焉，亦有病焉。非大而足同與，諸侯同罪之也，亦病矣。

In the tenth month of winter, Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhu, and together besieged Qi. It was not actually a siege yet is written as "siege," because Qi was both regarded as large and also regarded as sick. If it were not regarded as large, how would "together" be worth writing? The lords jointly laid a charge against him, and that too was his sickness.

公至自伐齊。《春秋》之義，已伐而盟，復伐者，則以伐致；盟不復伐者，則以會致。祝柯之盟，盟復伐齊與？曰：非也。然則何為以伐致也？曰：與人同事，或執其君，或取其地。

Duke Xiang returned from the army that attacked Qi. The principle of the Spring and Autumn Annals: when one has attacked and then made a covenant, or made a covenant and then attacked, the return is written according to "attack"; when one made a covenant and did not attack again, the return is written according to "meeting." The covenant at Zhuke, was it a covenant followed by attacking Qi? The answer: no. Then why is the return written according to "attack"? The answer: acting together with others in the same matter, some seized another's ruler, and some seized another's land.

晉士丐帥師侵齊。至谷，聞齊侯卒，乃還。還者，事未畢之辭也。受命而誅，生死無所加其怒，不伐喪，善之也。善之，則何為未畢也？君不屍小事，臣不專大名。善則稱君，過則稱己，則民作讓矣！士丐外專君命，故非之也。然則為士丐者宜奈何？宜墠帷而歸命乎介。

Shi Gai of Jin led an army to invade Qi, and on reaching Gu, hearing that the Marquis of Qi had died, he turned back. "Huan" (to return) is a word for a matter not finished. Commissioned to punish, whether the other lives or dies, one does not add a degree to one's anger, and does not take advantage of a funeral to attack; this is approved. Since it is approved, why is it said the matter was not finished? A ruler does not personally do small things, and a minister does not claim a great name alone. To credit the ruler with good and take the fault on oneself would make the people rise to modesty! Shi Gai decided the ruler's orders alone while outside, so he is blamed. Then what should Shi Gai have done? He should have set up a tent on the spot and handed the order to his deputy to carry back and ask for instructions.

二十年春，王正月辛亥，仲孫速會莒人，盟於向。

In the spring of the twentieth year, the first month of the Zhou calendar, on the xinhai day, Zhongsun Su met with the men of Ju and made a covenant at Xiang.

夏，六月庚申，公會晉侯、齊侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子，盟於澶淵。秋，公至自會。

In the sixth month of summer, on the gengshen day, Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhu, and made a covenant at Chanyuan. In autumn, Duke Xiang returned from the meeting.

陳侯之弟光出奔楚。諸侯之尊，弟兄不得以屬通。其弟雲者，親之也。親而奔之，惡也。

Guang, younger brother of the Marquis of Chen, fled to Chu. Lords are of high rank, and brothers cannot be addressed by kin relation. Here "his younger brother" is written, showing closeness to him. Though close to him, he fled; this is evil.

邾庶其以漆閭丘來奔。以者，不以者也。來奔者，不言出，舉其接我者也。漆閭丘不言及，小大敵也。

Shu Qi of Zhu came to seek refuge, bringing Qi and Luqiu. The use of "yi" (with) shows precisely that they should not have been used so. His coming to seek refuge is not written "leaving," which raises the side of his dealing with our state of Lu. "Ji" (and) is not used between Qi and Luqiu because they are matched in size.

公會晉侯、齊侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子於商任。庚子，孔子生。

Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju and the Viscount of Zhu at Shangren. On the gengzi day, Confucius was born.

冬，公會晉侯、齊侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子於沙隨。公至自會。

In winter, Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhu at Shasui. Duke Xiang returned from the meeting.

陳殺其大夫慶虎，及慶寅。稱國以殺，罪累上也。及慶寅，慶寅累也。

Chen killed its senior official Qing Hu, and also Qing Yin. Recording a killing in the name of the state means the guilt extends to those above. Writing "and Qing Yin" shows Qing Yin was implicated.

八月，叔孫豹帥師救晉，次於雍渝。言救後次，非救也。

In the eighth month, Shu Sun Bao led an army to rescue Jin and camped at Yongyu. Writing rescue first and then camping means it was not a true rescue.

冬，十月乙亥，臧孫紇出奔邾。其日，正臧孫紇之出也。蘧伯玉曰：「不以道事其君者，其出乎！」

In the tenth month of winter, on the yihai day, Zang Sun He fled to Zhu. Recording the day makes Zang Sun He's flight appear justified. Qu Boyu said: "One who does not serve his ruler by the right way is probably the one who will flee!"

公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子於夷儀。

Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhu at Yiyi.

大飢。五穀不升為大飢。一谷不升謂之嗛，二谷不升謂之飢，三谷不升謂之饉，四谷不升謂之康，五穀不升謂之大侵。大侵之禮，君食不兼味，臺榭不塗，弛侯，廷道不除，百官布而不制，鬼神禱而不祀。此大侵之禮也。

Great famine. When the five grains all fail to ripen, it is called a great famine. Failure of one is called "qian," failure of two is called famine, failure of three is called "jin," failure of four is called "kang," and failure of all five is called "great scarcity." The ritual for great scarcity: the ruler does not take two flavors at a meal, terraces and pavilions are no longer painted, lookouts are relaxed, the roads in the courtyard are not repaired, the hundred officials stay in their usual ranks and make nothing new, and to ghosts and spirits one only prays and does not sacrifice. This is the ritual for great scarcity.

夏，五月乙亥，齊崔杼弒其君光。莊公失言，淫於崔氏。

In the fifth month of summer, on the yihai day, Cui Zhu of Qi killed his ruler Guang. Duke Zhuang was careless in speech and also committed adultery with the Cui family.

公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子於夷儀。

Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhu at Yiyi.

十有二月，吳子謁伐楚門於巢，卒。以伐楚之事門於巢，卒也。於巢者，外乎楚也。門於巢，乃伐楚也。諸侯不生名，取卒之名，加之「伐楚」之上者，見以伐楚卒也。其見以伐楚卒，何也？古者大國過小邑，小邑必飾城而請罪，禮也。吳子謁伐楚至巢，入其門，門人射吳子，有矢創，反舍而卒。古者雖有文事，必有武備。非巢之不飾城而請罪，非吳子之自輕也。

In the twelfth month, Ye, Viscount of Wu, attacked Chu, attacked the gate at Chao, and died. It was in the matter of attacking Chu that he died attacking the gate at Chao. Writing "at Chao" places Chao outside Chu. Attacking the gate at Chao was how he went to attack Chu. A lord is not called by name while alive; the name used for death is added above "attacked Chu," in order to show that he died because of attacking Chu. Why show that he died because of attacking Chu? In ancient times, when a great state passed a small town, the small town would surely repair its defenses and plead for pardon, which accorded with ritual. When Ye, Viscount of Wu, attacked Chu and reached Chao and entered its gate, the gatekeeper shot the Viscount of Wu, who had an arrow wound and died on returning to his lodging. In ancient times, even where there was civil affairs, there were surely military preparations. It blames Chao for not repairing its defenses and pleading for pardon, and also blames the Viscount of Wu for taking his own person too lightly.

二十有六年春，王二月辛卯，衛寧喜弒其君剽。此不正，其日何也？殖也立之，喜也君之，正也。

In the spring of the twenty-sixth year, the second month of the Zhou calendar, on the xinmao day, Ning Xi of Wei killed his ruler Piao. This man's succession was originally not by the right way, yet the day is recorded here; why? It was Zhi who set him up, and Xi who took him as ruler, so it is recorded by the regular form.

衛孫林父入於戚以叛。甲午，衛侯衎復歸於衛。日歸，見知弒也。

Sun Linfu of Wei entered Qi and rebelled. On the jiawu day, Kan, Marquis of Wei, returned again to Wei. Recording the day of return shows that he knew of the killing of the ruler.