Duke Xuan

（經十四四）秋，葬曹武公。

(Classic 14.4) In autumn, Duke Wu of Cao was buried.

（經十四五）八月，莒子去疾卒。

(Classic 14.5) Eighth month: Qu Ji, Viscount of Ju, died.

（經十四六）冬，莒殺其公子意恢。

(Classic 14.6) Winter: the people of Ju killed their noble son Yihui.

春，王正月，吳子夷昧卒。

Spring, first month of the Zhou calendar: Yimei, Viscount of Wu, died.

（經十五二）二月癸酉，有事於武宮。

(Classic 15.2) Second month, guiyou day: a sacrifice was held in the Hall of Wu.

（經十五三）龠入，叔弓卒，去樂卒事。

(Classic 15.3) As the flute dancers were coming in, Shu Gong died; the music was removed and the sacrifice was completed.

（傳）其言去樂卒事何？禮也。君有事於廟，聞大夫之喪，去樂，卒事。大夫聞君之喪，攝主而往。大夫聞大夫之喪，屍事畢而往。

(Commentary) What is meant by writing "removed the music and completed the sacrifice"? It was in accord with ritual. When the ruler holds a sacrifice in the temple and hears of the funeral of a grandee, he removes the music and completes the sacrifice. When a grandee hears of the ruler's funeral, the one acting as chief officiant goes. When a grandee hears of the funeral of a grandee, he goes after the impersonation of the dead has been completed.

（經十五四）夏，蔡昭吳奔鄭。

(Classic 15.4) Summer: Zhao Wu of Cai fled to Zheng.

（經十五五）六月丁巳朔，日有食之。

(Classic 15.5) Sixth month, first day, dingsi: a solar eclipse.

（經十五六）秋，晉荀吳帥師伐鮮虞。

(Classic 15.6) Autumn: Xun Wu of Jin led an army to attack Xianyu.

（經十五七）冬，公如晉。

(Classic 15.7) Winter: Duke Zhao went to Jin.

春，齊侯伐徐。

Spring: the Marquis of Qi attacked Xu.

（經十六二）楚子誘戎曼子，殺之。

(Classic 16.2) The Viscount of Chu lured Man, Viscount of Rong, and killed him.

（傳）楚子何以不名？夷狄相誘，君子不疾也。曷為不疾？若不疾，乃疾之也。

(Commentary) Why is the Viscount of Chu not named? When barbarians lure one another, the gentleman does not especially condemn it. Why does he not especially condemn it? Not to condemn it is truly to condemn it.

（經十六三）夏，公至自晉。

(Classic 16.3) Summer: Duke Zhao returned from Jin.

（經十六四）秋，八月己亥，晉侯夷卒。

(Classic 16.4) Autumn, eighth month, jihai day: Yi, Marquis of Jin, died.

（經十六五）九月，大雩。

(Classic 16.5) Ninth month: the great rain sacrifice was held.

（經十六七）季孫隱如如晉。

(Classic 16.7) Jisun Yinru went to Jin.

（經十六八）冬，十月，葬晉昭公。

(Classic 16.8) Winter, tenth month: Duke Zhao of Jin was buried.

春，小邾婁子來朝。

Spring: the Viscount of Xiao Zhulou came to court.

（經十七二）夏，六月甲戌朔，日有食之。

(Classic 17.2) Summer, sixth month, first day, jiaxu: a solar eclipse.

（經十七三）秋，郯子來朝。

(Classic 17.3) Autumn: the Viscount of Tan came to court.

（經十七四）八月，晉荀吳帥師滅賁渾戎。

(Classic 17.4) Eighth month: Xun Wu of Jin led an army and destroyed the Benhun Rong.

（經十七五）冬，有星孛於大辰。

(Classic 17.5) Winter: a bo star appeared at Dachen.

（傳）孛者何？彗星也。其言於大辰何？在大辰也。大辰者何？大火也。大火為大辰，伐為大辰，北辰亦為大辰。何以書？記異也。

(Commentary) What is a bo? It is a comet. What is meant by writing "at Dachen"? It was in Dachen. What is Dachen? It is the Great Fire star. The Great Fire is Dachen, the Fa star is Dachen, and the Polar star is also Dachen. Why was it recorded? To record an anomaly.

（經十七六）楚人及吳戰於長岸。

(Classic 17.6) The people of Chu fought with Wu at Chang'an.

（傳）詐戰不言戰，此其言戰何？敵也。

(Commentary) A battle without an agreed date is not written as "fought," yet here "fought" is written; why? Because the two sides were evenly matched.

春，王三月，曹伯須卒。

Spring, third month of the Zhou calendar: Xu, Earl of Cao, died.

（經十八二）夏，五月，壬午，宋、衛、陳、鄭災。

(Classic 18.2) Summer, fifth month, renwu day: fires broke out in Song, Wei, Chen, and Zheng.

（傳）何以書？記異也。何異爾？異其同日而俱災也。外異不書，此何以書？為天下記異也。

(Commentary) Why was it recorded? To record an anomaly. Where was the anomaly? The anomaly was that they suffered disaster together on the same day. Anomalies abroad are not recorded as a rule; why is it recorded here? It is recording an anomaly on behalf of the whole world.

（經十八三）六月，邾婁人入鄅。

(Classic 18.3) Sixth month: the people of Zhulou entered Yu.

（經十八四）秋，葬曹平公。

(Classic 18.4) Autumn: Duke Ping of Cao was buried.

（經十八五）冬，許遷於白羽。

(Classic 18.5) Winter: Xu moved to Baiyu.

春，宋公伐邾婁。

Spring: the Duke of Song attacked Zhulou.

（經十九二）夏，五月戊辰，許世子止弒其君買。

(Classic 19.2) Summer, fifth month, wuchen day: Zhi, heir of Xu, killed his ruler Mai.

（經十九三）己卯，地震。

(Classic 19.3) Jimao day: an earthquake.

（經十九四）秋，齊高發帥師伐莒。

(Classic 19.4) Autumn: Gao Fa of Qi led an army to attack Ju.

（經十九五）冬，葬許悼公。

(Classic 19.5) Winter: Duke Dao of Xu was buried.

（傳）賊未討，何以書葬？不成於弒也。曷為不成於弒？止進藥而藥殺也。止進藥而藥殺，則曷為加弒焉爾？譏子道之不盡也。其譏子道之不盡奈何？曰：樂正子春之視疾也。復加一飯則脫然愈，復損一飯則脫然愈；復加一衣則脫然愈，復損一衣則脫然愈。止進藥而藥殺，是以君子加弒焉爾，曰「許世子止弒其君買」，是君子之聽止也；「葬許悼公」，是君子之赦止也。赦止者，免止之罪辭也。

(Commentary) The rebel had not yet been punished; why is the burial written? Because it did not amount to regicide. Why did it not amount to regicide? Zhi offered medicine, and the medicine poisoned the ruler. Zhi offered medicine and the medicine killed; why is "regicide" nonetheless added? It censures him for not fulfilling the way of a son. What does it mean to censure him for not fulfilling the way of a son? The answer: Yuezheng Zichun attended a patient's illness. Adding one more meal, the patient would be cured at once; reducing one meal, he would also be cured at once; adding one more garment he would be cured at once; reducing one garment he would also be cured at once. Zhi offered medicine and the medicine killed, so the gentleman added "regicide," writing "Zhi, heir of Xu, regicided his ruler Mai"; this is the gentleman hearing Zhi's guilt. Writing "Duke Dao of Xu was buried" is the gentleman pardoning Zhi. Pardoning Zhi is wording that releases Zhi from guilt.

春，王正月。

Spring, first month of the Zhou calendar.

（經二十二）夏，曹公孫會自鄸出奔宋。

(Classic 20.2) Summer: Gongsun Hui of Cao fled from Yan to Song.

（傳）奔未有言自者，此其言自何？畔也。畔則曷為不言其畔？為公子喜時之後諱也。《春秋》為賢者諱。何賢乎公子喜時？讓國也。其讓國奈何？曹伯廬卒於師，則未知公子喜時從與？公子負芻從與？或為主於國？或為主於師？公子喜時見公子負芻之當主也，逡巡而退。賢公子喜時，則曷為為會諱？君子之善善也長，惡惡也短，惡惡止其身，善善及子孫。賢者子孫，故君子為之諱也。

(Commentary) Fleeing is never written with "from," yet here "from" is written; why? It was a rebellion. Why is the rebellion not written as rebellion? To conceal it for the descendants of Prince Xishi. The Spring and Autumn Annals conceals for the worthy. Where was Prince Xishi worthy? In yielding the state. How did he yield the state? When Lu, Earl of Cao, died in the army, it was not known whether Prince Xishi was following him, or Prince Fuchu. Some governed in the capital, and some in the army. Prince Xishi saw that Prince Fuchu should be the one to govern, and so he held back and yielded. If he was thought worthy, why then conceal for Hui? The gentleman's praise of goodness is long-lasting, while his condemnation of evil is brief; condemnation of evil stops at the person himself, but praise of goodness extends to descendants. They are the descendants of a worthy man, and so the gentleman conceals for him.

（經二十三）秋，盜殺衛侯之兄輒。

(Classic 20.3) Autumn: bandits killed Zhe, elder brother of the Marquis of Wei.

（傳）母兄稱兄，兄何以不立？有疾也。何疾爾？惡疾也。

(Commentary) An elder brother by the same mother is called "brother"; why was the elder brother not established as ruler? Because of illness. What illness? A foul disease.

（經二十四）冬，十月，宋華亥、向寧、華定出奔陳。

(Classic 20.4) Winter, tenth month: Hua Hai, Xiang Ning, and Hua Ding of Song fled to Chen.

（經二十五）十有一月辛卯，蔡侯廬卒。

(Classic 20.5) Eleventh month, xinmao day: Lu, Marquis of Cai, died.

春，王三月，葬蔡平公。

Spring, third month of the Zhou calendar: Duke Ping of Cai was buried.

（經二一二）夏，晉侯使士鞅來聘。

(Classic 21.2) Summer: the Marquis of Jin sent Shi Yang on a diplomatic visit.

（經二一三）宋華亥、向寧、華定自陳入於宋南里以畔。

(Classic 21.3) Hua Hai, Xiang Ning, and Hua Ding of Song entered Nanli in Song from Chen in rebellion.

（傳）宋南里者何？若曰：因諸者然。

(Commentary) What is Nanli of Song? It is like saying "Yinzhu."

（經二一四）秋，七月壬午朔，日有食之。

(Classic 21.4) Autumn, seventh month, first day, renwu: a solar eclipse.

（經二一五）八月乙亥，叔痤卒。

(Classic 21.5) Eighth month, yihai day: Shu Cuo died.

（經二一六）冬，蔡侯朱出奔楚。

(Classic 21.6) Winter: Zhu, Marquis of Cai, fled to Chu.