Sun · Day Auspicious Response

日瑞應凡日之應：主於君而司陽，人君德政皆得，則日色精明而揚光；揚光者，光異於常也。五政不失，政令必行，陰陽和順，則光黃而明。君有盛德，朝有善政，則行中道，躔次不差。君德應上，天下和平，人君王字，日中王字也。聖人在位，群臣奉職，則乘土而王。

The following discusses the auspicious signs of the Sun. The Sun's manifestations are associated with the sovereign, who governs the yang aspect. When the sovereign's virtue and governance are all proper, the sunlight becomes clear and radiant—this radiance is different from the usual. If the five administrative affairs are all appropriate, the decrees can be effectively implemented, and yin and yang are in harmony, the sunlight will appear yellow and bright. When the sovereign's virtue is great and the court is clear and upright, the Sun will travel along the middle path, its position precise without error. When the sovereign's virtue corresponds with heaven and the world is at peace, the sun's surface will display the shape of the character "wang," which is called "the Wang character of the sovereign." When a sage is on the throne and all ministers fulfill their duties, the Sun will rule by the virtue of earth.

其政太平，則無色無虧，五行之色備，其光耀不止於一也。若人君有德，天下大豐，則有四彗。彗者，其光芒出入彗也，天下大慶。一歲再赦，則有二彗。有封禪之慶，則重重有光，而其外一重，亦謂重光。人福昌有壽，則有黃。天下太平，則其芒如舉火。外國入貢，則有二黃人守之。君聖臣賢，天下順心，則氣龍、鳳、龜、鶴等形圍抱之。人主宮中有喜。

In times of political peace and prosperity, the sun's face is neither skewed in color nor lacking, with the five phases' colors all present and its light not of a single kind. If a sovereign is virtuous and the world is abundant, four streams of light called 'comets' will appear beside the sun. These comets radiate like a broom, indicating great celebration throughout the land. If there are two major pardons in a year, two such comets will appear. For grand ceremonies such as the worship at Mount Tai, the sunlight will be layered, with the outermost layer called 'repeated brightness'. When the people are prosperous and long-lived, a yellow light will appear from the sun. When the world is at peace, the sun's light resembles a raised torch. If foreign envoys come to present tribute, two yellow lights shaped like human figures will appear beside the sun. When the sovereign is wise and the ministers are virtuous, and the whole world is united, clouds will gather around the sun in the forms of dragons, phoenixes, turtles, and cranes, indicating joy in the sovereign's palace.

日凶變日變異狀：日出三竿，亭口無光，日月病。又曰，黃色無光占，侯王病。日未入亭無光，日月死。朔日色紫，為喪，為侯王死。日久不明，上蔽剋塞，臣恣而專刑。日過中時無光，德政不明也。天下雲盡赤白色無光，一月間有兵。日無光，四散，陰陽皆昏，亂君道，有陰謀。日失色，或赤而無光，所臨之下不昌。又曰，臣逆君濁。日色青，則君弱，赤則無智，黃則君聞喜不與，黑則君惡見於昏。

The following discusses the ominous changes of the Sun. When the sun has risen three poles high but remains stagnant and lacks brightness, it indicates illness among the sun and moon; another interpretation is that if the sun appears yellow without brightness, it signifies illness among the princes and kings. If the sun becomes stagnant and lacks brightness before it sets, it indicates the sun and moon are about to die. On the first day of the month, if the sun appears purple, it foretells mourning and the death of the princes and kings. If the sun remains dim for a long time, it signifies that the superior is obscured and blocked, leading to the ministers acting recklessly and enforcing punishments arbitrarily. If the sun is past noon but lacks brightness, it indicates that the virtue of governance is unclear. If the clouds in the sky turn entirely red and white and the sun lacks brightness, there will be military conflicts within a month. If the sun lacks brightness and its light spreads out, with both yin and yang obscured, it indicates disorder in the ruler's way and the presence of conspiracies. If the sun's color is abnormal, or red without brightness, it indicates that the region it illuminates will not flourish; another interpretation is that it signifies rebellious ministers and the ruler's virtue being murky. If the sun appears blue, it indicates the ruler is weak; if red, the ruler is foolish; if yellow, the ruler hears only good news but cannot enjoy it; if black, the ruler's faults become evident in the darkness.

中有黑子，奪天，不順之異也。黑氣者，亦為日薄，皆陰也。臣不掩，君惡見，乃百姓怨而惡君。若乍三乍五，則臣下有謀，亦曰臣蔽主明。日赤如火光，或光如赭色，大將戰死。日赤如血，其下有喪，臣叛國亂。齒足，其下叛。日形如虹，其下暴師，其下必亂。日出如大影照地，其宿國亂。兩日並出，天下有兵，無道者亡。

A dark spot appears in the middle of the sun, indicating a theft of heavenly light and disorder above and below (this is what modern people call solar spots). Dark clouds are also considered 'dimming of the sun,' and both belong to yin energy. When a minister's mistakes cannot be concealed and the ruler's evil deeds become evident, the people will resent and despise the ruler. If the number of dark spots suddenly changes from three to five, it indicates ministers have conspiracies, also called 'ministers obscuring the ruler's wisdom.' If the sun appears red like fire or its light resembles reddish earth, it indicates a general's death. If the sun appears red like blood, it indicates a calamity in that region, rebellion by ministers, and great chaos in the country. If teeth-like or foot-like rays appear around the sun, it indicates rebellion in that region. If the sun appears like a rainbow, it indicates military action and chaos in that region. If the sun rises with a large shadow covering the ground, it indicates chaos in the country corresponding to the star position where the sun is located. If two suns appear at the same time, it indicates warfare across the country and the downfall of an unjust ruler.

又曰，是謂陽明。假主抗衡，並起爭其一國亂。三日並出，不過三旬，諸侯爭。象日俱出，天下分。若兩軍相當，數日並行，有戰，拔城，分營以應之，天有妖孽，十日同時俱並出。象日者，似日之形而非日也。日月斗者，別有假於非常。後世始悟惟數可以推算，乃雲應歷者則不占。

Another explanation says that when two suns appear together, it is called "Yangming," indicating the presence of a false ruler and a true ruler opposing each other, leading to great chaos in that country. When three suns appear simultaneously, the feudal lords will begin to fight within thirty days. When the false sun and the true sun appear together, it signifies the fragmentation of the world. When two armies face each other and multiple suns appear for several days, it foretells warfare and the fall of cities, and one should arrange camps and formations accordingly. During times of demonic occurrences, there are even records of ten suns appearing at the same time. The so-called "phantom sun" refers to an object that appears like the sun but is not actually the sun (modernly called a halo). As for the phenomenon of the sun and moon fighting, it is formed by an extraordinary aura imitating such an event. Later generations came to understand that most of these phenomena can be calculated using the calendar system, so any occurrence that conforms to the calendar calculations does not need to be used for divination.

日食日為至陽之精，人君之象。前世儒者以為苦君行緩急，則日為之疾遲。稍距常度，乃為月之所掩，即陰侵陽。猶君臣同道，逼迫其主而掩其明。君道有失，國無善政，男子不修陽事，陽事不得成，或驕佚自用，聰明閉塞，親戚干政臣，下專恣，上德不宣，人民懷怨，陰氣奪明而陽不克，君不覺悟，則日食有咎，謫見於天。不救，則有謀亂之萌。

The section on solar eclipses. The Sun is the essence of the extreme yang, symbolizing the sovereign. Former Confucian scholars believed that if the sovereign acted too slowly or too hastily, the Sun would move accordingly, slow or fast. Once it slightly deviated from its normal course, it would be obscured by the Moon, which is considered a case of yin overpowering yang. Just as the sovereign and ministers should walk together on the same path, the minister would reverse the situation by forcing the sovereign and obscuring his light. Whenever the sovereign's conduct was flawed and the country lacked good governance, men failed to cultivate yang affairs and thus failed to achieve yang matters, or when the sovereign was arrogant and self-willed, his ears and eyes were closed off, the royal relatives interfered in state affairs, and ministers acted tyrannically and recklessly, the virtue of the sovereign could not be proclaimed, and the people harbored resentment. In such cases, yin would seize the light and yang would not prevail. If the sovereign did not realize his mistake, a solar eclipse would occur as a heavenly condemnation. If no corrective measures were taken, there would be the emergence of plots for rebellion.

凡日食，少半，災輕，大半，災重。食既，則國憂，君咎其非。朔望及交而食，或近朔、望、氣凌迫，或無光，黃赤，匿氣，薄暑，皆謂之薄，其災輕於日食。日薄食者，人君誅罰不以理，奸臣謀兵，此謂下凌僭迫而侵其權，陰侵陽覆而陰氣盛。掩日光其下憂，近期一年，遠期三年，大抵薄與食皆是人君失德之變。日食，占於君或驗在臣，此乃君能德而移其咎也。

Whenever there is an eclipse of the sun, if the eclipse does not cover more than half the sun, the disaster is light; if it covers more than half, the disaster is severe; if the entire sun is obscured (food ji), it indicates that the country will have worries and the ruler should reflect on his own faults. If an eclipse occurs on the new moon day, the full moon day, or during the time of a conjunction, or if it occurs near the new or full moon with the atmosphere pressing in, the sun appearing dim, its color turning yellow or red, its light hidden, and the heat oppressive, these are all called "thin" eclipses. The disasters caused by thin eclipses are lighter than those of a full eclipse. When a thin eclipse occurs, it indicates that the ruler is unjust in punishment and that ministers are plotting to use force. This is due to subordinates overstepping their bounds, encroaching upon the ruler's authority, with yin overpowering yang and yin being dominant. When the sun's light is obscured, it indicates that the region will have worries, and the time of occurrence is either within one year or three years. In summary, whether it is a thin eclipse or a full eclipse, they are all signs of the ruler's loss of virtue. Although an eclipse is supposed to indicate the ruler's fault, sometimes it is verified in the ministers, because if the ruler cultivates virtue, he can transfer the calamity to the ministers.

出軍而日食，軍傷將亡。食既者大人憂，其下臣有謀，夷兵起。所謂前後將大，後事又大。則食當既，宜破陰謀，黜邪，修邊，嚴號令，則其災止。若食正旦，所謂三朝受朔之辰；夏四月而食，是謂孟夏純陽之月，皆王者惡之。前世得者，占於食。又占於分野，又占於宿次，又占其色，又占其所起之方異狀。

When an army goes to war and encounters an eclipse of the sun, it indicates that the army will suffer losses and the general may die. When the eclipse is complete, it signifies that the nobleman will have worries, the officials in the region will plot secretly, and foreign tribes will raise troops. It is said that both the previous and later events will be significant, but the later events will be even more serious. Since the eclipse has completely obscured the sun, one should eliminate conspiracies, remove corrupt ministers, repair the borders, and enforce strict commands, so that the calamity will be stopped. If the solar eclipse occurs on the first day of the first lunar month, that is the beginning of the year, month, and day, and it is the day of the new moon; or if it occurs in the fourth month of summer, which is the month of pure yang in the early summer, the king would most dislike it. In ancient times, those who interpreted solar eclipses considered five factors: first, the degree of the eclipse; second, the region affected; third, the star constellation where the sun was located; fourth, the color observed during the eclipse; fifth, the direction from which the eclipse began and any unusual phenomena.

天氣之差，在四時：春；女喪；夏；諸侯死；秋，兵；冬，相死。以十干占，則春庚辛，夏壬癸，秋丙丁，冬戊己，皆下謀上。甲乙，四海之外，不占；丙丁，江淮，海岱；戊己，為中州、河、濟；庚辛，華山以西；壬癸，常山以北。其下君長當之。在十二時，寅、卯、辰，木域也，昭謀者，司徒也。已、午、未，火域也，昭謀者，乃太子。申、酉、戌，金域也，昭謀者，司馬也。亥、子、丑，水域也，昭謀者，司空也。

First, divide by the four seasons: if the event occurs in spring, it indicates a woman's death; in summer, the death of a feudal lord; in autumn, military affairs; and in winter, the death of a prime minister. Then, consider the heavenly stems: in spring, if the day is marked by Geng or Xin; in summer, by Ren or Gui; in autumn, by Bing or Ding; and in winter, by Wu or Ji, it indicates that those below will plot against those above. Each stem and branch is also associated with a region: Jia and Yi pertain to beyond the four seas and do not require interpretation; Bing and Ding pertain to the Yangtze and Huai rivers and the areas around the eastern Shandong region; Wu and Ji pertain to the central plains and the areas around the Yellow and Ji rivers; Geng and Xin pertain to west of the Hua Mountains; Ren and Gui pertain to north of Changshan Mountain. The consequences will be borne by the rulers of those regions. Furthermore, consider the twelve hours: Yin, Mao, and Chen belong to the wood domain, and the plotter is the Minister of Works; Si, Wu, and Wei belong to the fire domain, and the plotter is the Crown Prince; Shen, You, and Xu belong to the metal domain, and the plotter is the Minister of Military Affairs; Hai, Zi, and Chou belong to the water domain, and the plotter is the Minister of Works.

又十二國占在十二時：日出至辰為宋、鄭，辰至已為楚，已至未為秦，未至申為魏，申至酉為燕，酉至戌為代。皆期三年，其下畏。

There is also a method of divination that matches the twelve hours of the day with the twelve states: from sunrise to the first hour (Chen), it corresponds to Song and Zheng (modern-day eastern and central Henan); from the first to the second hour (Si), it corresponds to Chu (modern-day Hubei and Hunan); from the second to the fourth hour (Wei), it corresponds to Qin (modern-day Guanzhong); from the fourth to the sixth hour (Shen), it corresponds to Wei (modern-day northern Henan and southern Shanxi); from the sixth to the seventh hour (You), it corresponds to Yan (modern-day Beijing and Tianjin area); from the seventh to the eighth hour (Xu), it corresponds to Dai (modern-day northern Shanxi). The period of influence is within three years, and people in that region should be cautious.

又以十二月占：正月、四月，大臣凶，民病。二月，大夫死，或旱、喪。三月，其分叛，亦大水。五月，諸侯死，亦為旱。六月，人主有謀，其下分士、大臣死。七月，大水，歲惡。八月，天下有大變，兵起，期三年。九月，有自立者，不成；米大貴。十月，奸臣在朝。十一月，其下亡地，糴貴，牛死。十二月，天下有兵，牛死，水災，麥不成熟。

There is also a method of divination based on the months: in January and April, there are eclipses, indicating that ministers may suffer misfortune and common people may fall ill. In February, it signifies the death of a high official or drought and mourning events. In March, it indicates rebellion in the corresponding region and major flooding. In May, it signifies the death of a feudal lord and drought. In June, it indicates the ruler's plans, with the people in the region splitting apart and high officials dying. In July, it indicates major flooding and poor harvests. In August, it signifies great changes in the world and the outbreak of war, expected to occur within three years. In September, it indicates someone attempting to establish themselves but failing, with grain prices rising sharply. In October, it signifies the presence of corrupt officials in court. In November, it indicates the loss of territory, high grain prices, and the death of cattle. In December, it signifies war, the death of cattle, flooding, and poor wheat harvests. This method of divination by month focuses on the correlation between eclipses and the agricultural seasons and government policies: eclipses in spring and summer are often associated with ministers, feudal lords, and droughts or floods, while those in autumn and winter are associated with loss of territory, grain prices, and livestock. Readers can first determine the general category based on the month and then narrow down the specific situation by referring to the corresponding regions and star positions mentioned earlier.

在二十八宿占：在角則王惡之，司農之官有憂。亢則為下有謀。氐則卿相讒諛，君后惡之。房則王者憂疾，大臣專政。心則法令有失，將相相疑。尾則後宮不安，戒遊幸；或大風折木而飢疫皆作，燕地兵喪。箕則怒風發屋，後有災而疫癘行。

Again, according to the mansion where the Sun is located, the effects are divided. If an eclipse occurs in the Horn mansion, it indicates the monarch's displeasure and worry for the officials in charge of agriculture. If it occurs in the Neck mansion, it signifies plots by those in lower positions. If it occurs in the Root mansion, it indicates flattery and sycophancy among the ministers and prime ministers, and the monarch and queen consort should be cautious. If it occurs in the Room mansion, it indicates the monarch's worry and illness, and the ministers' monopolization of power. If it occurs in the Heart mansion, it indicates the corruption of laws and mutual suspicion among generals. If it occurs in the Tail mansion, it indicates instability in the harem, and one should avoid excessive royal outings; or there may be a great wind breaking trees, leading to famine, plague, and disease, and military disaster and loss of life in the Yan region (modern Beijing, Tianjin, and western Liaoning). If it occurs in the Winnowing Basket mansion, it indicates a violent wind tearing off roofs, followed by disasters and the spread of epidemic diseases.

斗乃君后不安，將相及其分有憂。牛其下有叛兵。女則後宮戒巫祝，后妃憂疫。虛則其分有喪。危乃有哭泣。室則人主遊幸不節，外戚擅權。壁則為王者教禮不行，陰陽不和，男女多傷。

The star Dipper mansion indicates that the sovereign and the empress will be uneasy, and there will be worries in the regions corresponding to the state of Wu, concerning the ministers and the Dipper mansion. The Ox mansion indicates that there will be rebellious troops in that region. The Girl mansion indicates that the palace should be cautious of sorcerers and prayers for calamity, and the empresses will be anxious about epidemic diseases. The Emptiness mansion indicates that there will be mourning in the region corresponding to the state of Qi. The Rooftop mansion indicates that there will be matters of weeping. The Encampment mansion indicates that the sovereign will travel without restraint and that the maternal relatives will seize power. The Wall mansion indicates that the sovereign's rites and teachings cannot be implemented, yin and yang will be out of harmony, and there will be much harm to men and women.

奎乃魯分凶，宜邊戎。婁亦在邊臣，或郊祀不謹。胃有轉輸之事，其分飢疫，邊兵作，大臣坐罪。畢則邊將士亡，遠國謀亂，獄官有憂。觜則臣有謀議，宜察主邊之臣。參則大臣相譖，陰國多事。參為井之分，臣有謀不成，而旱，民流。

The food is in the mansion of Kuī Xù, indicating that there will be misfortune in the area of modern southern Shandong and northern Jiangsu. One should be cautious about military affairs on the borders. If it is in the mansion of Lóu Xù, the verification will be on the officials who guard the borders, possibly due to disrespect during the sacrificial rites at the outskirts. If it is in the mansion of Wèi Xù, it indicates there will be tasks related to the transportation of grain along the canals, with the region experiencing famine, plague, the mobilization of border troops, and the punishment of high-ranking officials. If it is in the mansion of Bì Xù, it indicates the death of soldiers on the border, unrest in distant countries, and troubles for the officials in charge of the judiciary. If it is in the mansion of Zī Xù, it indicates that ministers may have secret plans, and one should pay attention to the officials responsible for border affairs. If it is in the mansion of Cān Xù, it indicates that high-ranking officials may slander each other, and there will be many disturbances in the northern shadowy country. Since Cān Xù is adjacent to the mansion of Jǐng Xù, it also indicates that there are secret plots among the ministers that will not succeed, along with drought and the migration of the people.

鬼為喪，或貴臣憂，天下憂疫。柳則宮室不安，廚官憂。星當禁兵，大臣黜，賢者憂；或其下兵亂。張乃山澤之官災，或掌御膳及財庫之官憂。翼則王者失禮，宗廟不親，法官代太常施德令，則無咎。軫則在主車駕之臣，或將相坐法；一曰后有喪。

The food is in the Ghost Mansion, indicating mourning affairs, or a high official having worries, or the whole country suffering from an epidemic. If it is in the Willow Mansion, it indicates instability in the palace and worries for those in charge of the royal kitchen. If it is in the Star Mansion, it should prohibit military actions, indicating the dismissal of high ministers, worries for the virtuous, or military disturbances in that region. If it is in the Extended Net Mansion, it indicates disasters for officials in charge of mountains and marshes, or worries for those in charge of the royal food and treasury. If it is in the Wings Mansion, it indicates the king losing propriety and neglecting ancestral temple worship. If the law officials carry out the decrees of the Minister of Rites, there will be no misfortune. If it is in the Chariot Mansion, it indicates the minister in charge of the royal carriage or the prime ministers being punished by law; another interpretation suggests mourning for the empress.

又占五色：青則弱於任善，下生怨患；赤則君不隆禮，不問學之所致；黃則掩善之政；白則弱於誅罰，不坐仇讎；黑則宗廟鬼神失享。其所起，則從上失其道，君當之亦為失君；從旁者失於令，相當之曰失臣；從中者，內有伏謀。又以色占：青則謀者止，赤則事成，黃則謀者誅，白則事覺，黑則其謀作。

According to the five colors observed at the time of the food hour: if the color is green, it indicates the ruler is unable to employ virtuous people, leading to resentment and calamity below; if the color is red, it suggests the ruler does not value propriety and does not inquire about learning; if the color is yellow, it implies the concealment of good governance; if the color is white, it indicates the ruler is not resolute in punishment and refuses to pursue enemies; if the color is black, it suggests the ancestral temples and spirits are not properly worshipped. Now observe from which direction the deficiency originates: if it starts from above, it indicates a loss of the Way, which is the ruler's responsibility, and also signifies the loss of the ruler; if it starts from the side, it indicates failure in governance, which is the minister's responsibility, also called 'loss of the minister'; if it starts from the center, it indicates there is hidden conspiracy within. Furthermore, according to the colors to determine the success or failure of plans: if the color is green, the plot will be abandoned; if the color is red, the matter will succeed; if the color is yellow, the conspirators will be executed; if the color is white, the matter will be exposed; if the color is black, the plot will succeed.

從下者為失民。又曰失於事，將當之。又曰皆於貴不在民。又占：色青則民相譖，後有疫疾、蟲蝗、大旱；黃則民失其君，後有土工；白則民相殘害，後有小兵；黑則小民多怨，後有水災。

The loss comes from below, indicating the loss of popular support; another interpretation suggests failure in governance, which is borne by generals and commanders; yet another view holds that such omens always fall upon the nobleman rather than the common people. There is also a method of divination through color: a green color indicates mutual accusations among the people, followed by plague, locusts, and severe drought; a yellow color indicates the people losing their leaders, followed by construction projects; a white color indicates mutual harm among the people, followed by minor military conflicts; a black color indicates widespread resentment among the common people, followed by floods.

有大風，四方有雲者，宰相專權，欲叛。地動，昧而寒者，公侯專恣。大寒則夷兵動；或有暈珥者，后妃有謀。四邊有黑雲者，臣有盡忠。其妖氣如虹在日上者，近臣犯上。如暈鳥夾日者，名曰天雞守日，后妃有謀。如白兔守日，民叛謀，舉兵。或有二珥四珥而食，或有白雲中出。以日占：甲乙，天下有兵；丙丁，天下疫；戊己，有兵喪；庚辛，下迫上；壬癸，有土功事。日食之占，自十干至妖氣，星經各具占驗，驗術者宜參考詳察焉。

If during an eclipse the wind is strong and there are clouds in all directions, it indicates that the prime minister is exercising exclusive power and may intend to rebel. If there is an earthquake and the sky is dark and cold, it suggests that the lord and marquises are acting tyrannically. If the cold air is oppressive, it indicates that there will be military movements by foreign tribes. If both a halo and a pendant appear at the same time, it suggests that the queen consort has conspiracies. If there are black clouds on all sides, it indicates that the ministers are loyal. If an ill omen appears like a rainbow pressing on the sun, it suggests that the close ministers will offend the sovereign. If there is a halo shaped like a bird surrounding the sun, it is called "Heavenly Rooster Guarding the Day," indicating that the queen consort has conspiracies. If there is a white rabbit-like appearance surrounding the sun, it indicates that the common people will plot rebellion and raise armies. Some eclipses may have two or four halos, or may begin to be obscured from white clouds. Then, according to the heavenly stem of the day of the eclipse: if it is a Jia or Yi day, it indicates that there will be war throughout the country; if it is a Bing or Ding day, it indicates that there will be an epidemic throughout the country; if it is a Wu or Ji day, it indicates that there will be military disasters and deaths; if it is a Geng or Xin day, it indicates that the lower ranks will pressure the upper ranks; if it is a Ren or Gui day, it indicates that there will be large-scale construction projects. The method of divination for solar eclipses, from the heavenly stems to the ill omens, varies according to different star texts. Those who practice this art should compare and verify these methods, and carefully examine them.

總敘月為至陰之精，盈極而闕，主夜，為陰，為臣，為妻，為水。說曰照為光，不照為魄。稟日之光，近日則斂，猶臣近君恭而屈也。遠日則滿而明，其守道循法，蒙君榮華而體舒也。當日而食，猶臣僭君，而禍至於覆滅也。盈極必缺，示其不可久也。行有弦、望、晦、朔、遲、疾、陰陽，刑政之等。不行日道，不敢與君同列也。臣修禮而奉君則月揚光明，天下太平，其色光大。君乘五德而王，其政太平，則色如其德而明。月望之夕，日月相望，人居其間，盡睹其明，故其形圓。

First, a general discussion. The moon is the essence of yin, reaching its fullest roundness and then beginning to wane. It governs the night, symbolizing yin, the minister, the wife, and water. Old sayings state that the illuminated part is called "light," and the unilluminated part is called "shadow." The moon's light is derived from the sun; when it is close to the sun, its light is dim, like a minister near the sovereign who must be respectful and humble; when it is far from the sun, it becomes full and bright, indicating that it follows the path and receives the sovereign's grace, thus appearing radiant. If the moon directly faces the sun and an eclipse occurs, it is like a minister overstepping the sovereign's authority, leading to disaster and destruction. When the moon is at its fullest, it inevitably begins to wane, indicating that excess cannot last. The moon's movement has phases such as the upper and lower crescents, the full moon, the new moon, and variations in speed, as well as its position inside or outside the Yellow Path, reflecting the distinctions in law and governance. The moon does not follow the Yellow Path of the sun, for it dares not be equal to the sovereign. When ministers observe proper rites and serve the sovereign, the moon shines brightly, and the world is peaceful with the moon's light flourishing; when the sovereign rules the world with one of the five virtues, governance is harmonious, and the moon's light reflects the virtue, appearing bright. At sunset on the full moon day, the sun and moon are exactly opposite, and people are between them, seeing only the illuminated side, thus the moon appears round.

上弦之夕，日照其側，人觀其傍，半明半晦。晦、朔之日，日照其表，人在裡，故形不見。不見常率。日平行十三度百分度之三十七。初行遲，日行一十二度微強，自後益遲。至十三日大強，行十四度大弱。自後損疾，又行十三度大強。復行十二度微弱，遲極則漸疾，疾極漸遲，二十七日半強遲疾一終，周而復始。

On the evening of the waxing moon, the sun illuminates only the side of the moon facing away from us, so when viewed from the side, half of the moon appears bright and half dark. On the new moon and the dark moon, the sun shines on the side of the moon opposite to us, so the moon's shape is not visible. The following is how you can calculate the moon's movement: the moon's average daily motion is thirteen degrees and thirty-seven percent. Initially, it moves slowly, about twelve degrees slightly more each day; then it slows further; on the thirteenth day, it reaches its fastest speed, moving about fourteen degrees slightly less each day; afterward, it slows again, returning to about thirteen degrees slightly more; then it slows further to about twelve degrees slightly less. When it slows to the extreme, it gradually speeds up again; when it speeds to the extreme, it gradually slows down again. It takes about twenty-seven and a half days to complete one cycle of speeding up and slowing down, and this process repeats continuously.

當合朔加時，與日同度。以平行之經七日有奇，去十九日一度少強。光魄分半為弦，直為上弦。又經七日有奇，去日一百八十二度半強，光魄圓滿，與日對望，為望。又經八日有奇，二十二日向日九十一度少強，光魄復半如弦，直為下弦。又經七日有奇，二十九日復與日會。日有盈縮，月有進退，不能盡如其數，以多少通率之則，皆二十萬分其日五千三百有六也。所行之道謂之白道，斜帶黃道，出入內外，不過六度，出則為表為陽，入則為裡為陰。

At the moment of the new moon, the moon and the sun are in the same degree. According to the average motion, after about seven days, the moon is about 91 degrees away from the sun (the original text has an error in the number), with half bright and half dark, forming a crescent, which is the upper crescent. After another seven days, the moon is about 182 and a half degrees away from the sun, with the bright side fully facing the sun, and it is opposite the sun, which is the full moon. After another eight days, around the 22nd day, the moon is slightly more than 91 degrees away from the sun, again half bright and half dark, forming a lower crescent. After another seven days, around the 29th day, the moon meets the sun again. Because the sun has its periods of speeding up and slowing down, and the moon has its periods of advancing and retreating, the actual positions do not exactly match these whole numbers. By using the method of common denominators, a synodic month is approximately 29 days and 5306 parts out of 200,000. The path that the moon travels is called the "White Path," which is inclined relative to the Yellow Path, and it deviates from the Yellow Path by no more than six degrees: when it is outside the Yellow Path, it is called the "outer path" and is yang; when it is inside the Yellow Path, it is called the "inner path" and is yin.

又行九道：則春行青道二，出黃道東；夏行赤道二，出黃道南；秋行白道二，出黃道西；冬行黑道二，出黃道北。自交之宿，月當黃道外經十三日半強；月之宿亦當黃道；自後入黃道內。又經十三日半復會交初之宿，而不及一度半弱，及為退交之度。日月交，當朔望則日食。前史以為，凡月之行合則月在日後，若晦而月見西方，是謂日前，為大疾。日朏食舒緩，臣下驕淫專權之象。

The Moon's path is further divided into nine paths: in spring, it travels along two green paths east of the Yellow Path; in summer, two red paths south of the Yellow Path; in autumn, two white paths west of the Yellow Path; and in winter, two black paths north of the Yellow Path. Together with the Yellow Path itself, these make nine paths. Starting from the position of the intersection point, the Moon travels outside the Yellow Path for thirteen and a half days, during which the Moon's position in the constellations coincides with the Yellow Path. After that, it enters inside the Yellow Path and takes another thirteen and a half days to return to the starting constellation of the intersection point, but it is now one and a half degrees behind. This difference is the degree of the intersection point's retrograde motion. When the Sun and Moon are at the intersection point and coincide with a new moon, an eclipse occurs. Former historians believed that whenever the Moon joins the Sun, the Moon should be after the Sun. If the Moon appears westward on the day of the new moon, it is said to have moved ahead of the Sun, called "great speed." Conversely, if the Moon appears late and the eclipse occurs slowly, it is considered an omen of ministers being arrogant, indulgent, and monopolizing power.

陽則行遲，陰則行疾。又曰：侯王恣意專事，臣不忠，急，月行疾也。行疾則君所緩。合朔則與日合而月見東方，是在日後，太陽陰遲，日側匿，人君嚴肅，臣下危殆恐懼之象。急則陽行疾，陰行遲。又曰，縮者王侯縮肭不任事，臣下強縱，故日月行遲則君行急。

When the moon appears outside the Yellow Path, it belongs to yang and moves slowly; when it enters within the Yellow Path, it belongs to yin and moves quickly. It is also said that when a prince or king acts arbitrarily and tyrannically, and ministers are disloyal with urgent decrees, the moon moves quickly. If the moon moves quickly, it indicates that the ruler's affairs are actually slack. If during the new moon the moon joins the sun but appears in the east, it is behind the sun, and both the sun and yin energy are slow. The sunlight is hidden on the side, which is an omen of the sovereign being stern and ministers being fearful and trembling. When decrees are urgent, yang moves quickly and yin moves slowly. It is also said that "retracting" refers to princes and dukes being timid and avoiding responsibilities, unwilling to act. Ministers then become arrogant and unrestrained. Therefore, the slow movement of the sun and moon reflects the ruler's impatience.

又日月順軌道，由乎天街中平道，是謂安寧。人主益壽，民和歲豐，不利舉兵。行出陽道，則旱風；陰道則陰雨。聖明在上，則行依九道。若上不明，臣下、女后、外戚擅權，則月多失道而進退不常。是故月有變則肆赦宥，寬刑獄，則可免咎。

The sun and moon each follow their regular paths, passing through the central level of the celestial path, which is called "peaceful and tranquil." This brings about the prolongation of the sovereign's life, harmony among the people, and a bountiful harvest, but it is unfavorable for military campaigns. When the moon appears in the yang path (outside the Yellow Path to the south), it indicates drought and strong winds; when it enters the yin path, it signifies prolonged darkness and heavy rain. A wise and virtuous sovereign in power ensures the moon follows the nine paths in order. However, if the sovereign is not enlightened, and ministers, empresses, or relatives of the emperor dominate, the moon often deviates from its path, moving without consistency. Therefore, whenever the moon shows unusual changes, the ruler should issue a general pardon and lighten the criminal punishments, thus avoiding calamities.

月變異若君道昌，后妃喜，則月有黃芒，或戴氣。國有喜則正月有偃月者，此數古者以為瑞。若變也，青為飢為憂，赤為亂為旱。黃為德為善，白為兵喪，黑為病為水，皆以其宿分占之。一曰將有憂。凡朝無忠臣，小人進用，則月行當望而不望，主不昌，攻人地者有殃。未當望而望，主更令，攻他人地者昌。

This passage discusses the variations of the moon. If the sovereign's rule is flourishing and the queen consort is pregnant, the moon will display a yellow halo or a luminous aura. If the country experiences joyous events, the first lunar month will show a 'reclining moon' (a crescent moon lying flat), which ancient people regarded as an omen of good fortune. If the moon exhibits unusual phenomena, they are interpreted according to its color: green signifies famine and calamity, red signifies chaos and drought, yellow signifies virtuous governance and good deeds, white signifies military disaster and loss of life, and black signifies disease and flooding. These interpretations should be combined with the division of the constellations corresponding to the moon's position to determine the affected region. Another interpretation suggests that such variations indicate concern for military leaders. If there are no loyal ministers in court and wicked people are promoted, the moon should be full but is not, indicating the sovereign's decline, and attacking others' territories will bring misfortune. Conversely, if the moon should not be full but becomes so, it signifies changes in government policies, and attacking others' territories will result in favorable outcomes.

未當缺而缺，大臣黜；當滿而不滿，賤臣為害。當弦而不弦，是謂大安，未當弦而弦，兵起。望前西缺，望後東缺，名曰反月。臣不奉法，侵奪其上，勢不救，則小兵起其中。當出不出，有陰謀，其下亂。未當晦而盡，其分亡地。望而月中蟾蜍不見，其分水，城陷，民流，亦為女后宮中不安。

The moon should not be missing when it should not be missing, indicating that high officials will be dismissed; when it should be full but is not, it signifies harm caused by low-ranking officials. When it should form a crescent but does not, it is called "Great Peace"; when it should not form a crescent but does, it indicates military action. Before the full moon, if the moon wanes westward, and after the full moon, if it wanes eastward (contrary to the usual pattern), this is called "Reverse Moon," indicating that ministers will not obey laws and will encroach upon the sovereign's authority, leading to inevitable small-scale warfare within the realm. If the moon should appear but does not, it indicates conspiracy and rebellion in a certain area. If the moon's light disappears before the new moon, it signifies loss of territory in its corresponding region. If on the full moon the shadow of the moon's central dark spot (the "crater" of the moon) is absent, it indicates flooding, collapse of cities, and migration of people in its corresponding region, as well as unrest among the queen consort and the palace.

凡初出，若盛明者，女后恃政。無光者，其下有死亡。大而無光者，其下亦有死亡。大而無光，其下城不降，臣下教令不行，民飢。小而無光，其城降，君上，二旬米賤。若先出而後沒，天下亂。始出而偃，有兵則兵罷，無兵則兵起。

When the moon rises at the beginning of the month, if it appears exceptionally bright, it indicates that the empress will use her power to interfere in government affairs. If it has no light, it signifies death in that region. A large moon without light also indicates death in that area; a large moon without light also suggests that a surrounded city will not surrender, that the ruler's orders cannot be carried out, and that there will be famine. A small moon without light indicates that the city will surrender and the ruler will gain advantage, with the price of rice dropping within twenty days. If the moon rises early and sets late (beyond the usual time), it indicates great disorder throughout the country. If the moon rises at the beginning of the month and appears as a bow lying on its back, forming a crescent shape, then if there was originally a military conflict, it will cease; if there was no military conflict, it will start.

出地若始生見東方，天下交兵；見南方，米貴；始生而半者，女妃強；晝見，臣專政，奪君之明，外國兵強，中國飢，天下誅譖。若生齒，有賊臣，群下相殘；若生足芒刺，昏亂。德政不平，則生足、芒之類也。

When the new moon first appears, it should be seen in the west. If it rises in the east instead, it indicates warfare throughout the land. If it appears in the south, it signifies a sharp rise in grain prices. If the new moon is already half-formed when it appears, it suggests that the concubines will be powerful. If the moon is visible during the day, it indicates that ministers will seize power, overshadowing the sovereign, with foreign troops strong and the central plains suffering from famine, and the world filled with executions and slander. If the moon has tooth-like notches at its edge, it indicates the presence of a traitorous minister and mutual destruction among the lower ranks. If it has foot-like or bristle-like light rays, it indicates chaos and confusion. In summary, if virtue and just governance are not upheld, the moon will display strange phenomena such as feet or bristles.

芒色赤，有禍，後戚擅權。光若爪，諸侯謀叛，或其下垂軍敗。又曰，爪，四方所指。若有事，諸侯強而群下附，則舉足垂爪為兩段，將相有謀；三段、四段者，天下分亂。色赤如赭，大將死野。分為三道，譖道者亡。墜入地，大國臣亡國憂。月角各有一星，在軍、在外，有名賊主。

When the moon's light is red, it indicates there will be calamities and the royal family or the imperial relatives will seize power. If the moonlight resembles an animal's claw, it suggests that the feudal lords will plot rebellion, or there will be military defeats at the place where the moonlight appears to hang down. Another interpretation is that the direction indicated by the claw will be where the event occurs. If there is an actual war and the feudal lords are strong with their subordinates supporting them, then the raised foot and the hanging claw will split into two parts, indicating that ministers and generals will conspire. If they split into three or four parts, it signifies great chaos and division throughout the country. If the moon's color is as red as raw earth, it indicates that a major general will die in the open field. If the moon is split into three parts, it means that those who spread false information will be defeated. If the moon falls to the ground, it indicates the downfall of a great minister in a powerful state and national troubles. If there are two stars beside the moon's two horns, and there is a military campaign or troops are stationed outside, it indicates that there will be a famous bandit leader who will be the main culprit.

日月相去二寸，大亂。兩月並見，其下兵起國亂。地陷水湧，三月四月及數月，皆出其下，為異姓爭，為破之亡。見日中，其下失土。星入中，其下有兵，喪亡。

The sun and moon are only two inches apart, indicating great chaos. If two moons appear at the same time, it signifies warfare and turmoil in that region, with land sinking and water surging. If three, four, or more moons appear simultaneously in the sky over a certain area, it indicates conflict between different families for the throne, leading to the downfall of the state. If the moon appears within the sun's surface, it indicates that the region will lose its territory. If a star enters the moon's circle, it signifies military conflict and loss of life in that area.

凡有異氣，若始出時有雲居其中，似禽獸狀，名白纂。所見之日，德王之方受其害。若其下有氣如人相隨，是謂惡城，其分諸侯王當之。若其中有如人行，兩爭，客勝。若其傍多雲如人頭，其色赤，為大戰；白為兵，黑為水。若有雲刺之，亦占其色，青，賊害，君長多殃，五穀不熟，亦為破軍相攻。

Whenever unusual clouds appear near the moon: at the beginning of the month, if clouds remain stationary within the moon's light, forming the shape of birds or beasts, known as "White Clusters," the day they appear, the direction ruled by the current season's favorable virtue will suffer harm. If there are clouds beneath the moon appearing like people following one after another, it is called "Evil City," and the regional ruler in that area will bear the consequence. If there are clouds within the moon resembling people walking, it indicates conflict between two sides, with the visiting army winning. If there are many clouds around the moon forming human heads, red clouds indicate a great battle, white clouds indicate military affairs, and black clouds indicate flooding. If clouds pierce towards the moon, their color determines the outcome: green clouds indicate theft and harm, troubles for rulers, and poor harvests, and also signify the defeat of armies and mutual attacks.

黃則女主憂，白則君長亡，黑則陰雨逾時。若有赤黑交臨者，其分喪軍。若其傍有白雲大如杆抵月，期六十日外，有戰，破軍死將，亡。乃若有雲，一白二黑三蒼，其大如厚布抵貫月，圍城拔邑。赤雲大如杵，戴之，其占如日。

A yellow cloud covering the moon indicates trouble for the female ruler; a white cloud signifies the defeat and death of the ruler or high officials; a black cloud indicates continuous rain beyond the usual season. If red and black clouds overlap and press upon the moon, it foretells loss of troops in the corresponding region. If there is a white cloud as large as a pole blocking the moon, there will be warfare in sixty days, leading to the defeat of generals and deaths. If there are three layers of clouds—white on top, black in the middle, and blue at the bottom—thick as cloth, covering and piercing through the moon, it indicates a siege and the capture of cities. A red cloud shaped like a pestle on top of the moon has the same interpretation as the Star of brightness and prestige's covering cloud.

月暈氣月暈者，臣下專權之象。國不安，七日內欲有風雨。又曰，終歲無暈，天下有兵，鄰國不和。重暈，大風起。若有背在外，則私成於內。三重，天下受兵。若有赤色雲貫之，其下亡地，四重六重亦如之。五重女主憂。六重其下失政。七重其下主凶。九重其下兵起，流血亡地。十重有大變。

When the moon is surrounded by a halo, it indicates that ministers will act independently, leading to instability in the country and rain and wind within seven days. It also says that if there is no moon halo throughout the year, it foretells war in the country and discord with neighboring states. If there are two halos, it signifies a great wind is coming; if there is a halo outside with a reverse aura, it means secret plots within will succeed. If there are three halos, it indicates war across the country; if there is also a red cloud stretching across, it means the land will lose territory. Four or six halos also indicate the same. If there are five halos, it means the female ruler will have worries; six halos mean the government is in disorder; seven halos mean the ruler will face misfortune; nine halos mean war and bloodshed will occur, and territory will be lost; ten halos mean there will be a major calamity.

以正月占暈：甲乙民多病，丙丁旱而金帛貴，戊己歲豐，庚辛有赦，壬癸多水旱。無精光，是謂大蕩，有喪其下。暈有光者，主起兵降。軍在外，暈師上，戰必勝。暈有黃色，將軍益祿。有交章赤光其下，不出三年遇兵。暈而珥，從珥擊之勝。又曰，期六十日兵起。又曰，五穀豐登，歲序，則月有暈珥；若不暈珥，人主有喜，兵大勝於外。月有珥，占其色，青憂，赤兵，黃喜，白喪，黑國凶。

Using the lunar halo in the first month to predict the year: if it occurs on a Jia or Yi day, it indicates many people will be sick; if on Bing or Ding day, it signifies drought and high prices for gold and silk; if on Wu or Ji day, it indicates a bountiful harvest; if on Geng or Xin day, it suggests an amnesty; if on Ren or Gui day, it indicates both drought and flood occurring. If the halo lacks brilliance, it is called 'Great Turmoil,' indicating calamity in that region. If the halo has light, it suggests military action with the enemy surrendering; if the army is outside, and the halo is directly over the army, the battle will be victorious. If the halo has a yellow color, it indicates the general will receive increased rank and salary. If there are red, interwoven lights beneath the halo, there will be military conflict within three years. If the halo produces a pendant, attacking in the direction the pendant points will result in victory; another interpretation suggests military action within sixty days; yet another says that when grain is abundant and the year is orderly, the moon should have a halo and pendant, but if it does not, it indicates the ruler will be happy and the army outside will achieve a great victory. The color of the pendant on the moon indicates different meanings: blue signifies worry, red signifies military action, yellow signifies joy, white signifies mourning, and black signifies national calamity.

期月有兩珥，十日有三珥，兩珥國喜，四珥女后憂，不則憂必主侯王。又曰國安君喜，皆能如是。兩珥有半，喜。夜半兩珥邊，有恐；抱珥在暈外赤者，外人勝，白珥其下為降。珥且戴，不出兩月，主有喜。兩珥而白貫之，天下大戰。

Within a single month, if two halos appear, and within ten days three halos appear, two halos indicate joy in the state, four halos indicate sorrow for the queen, otherwise the sorrow will be on the marquises and dukes; another view holds that all such occurrences indicate national peace and royal joy. If one side of the two halos is only half-formed, it still indicates joy. If two halos appear beside the moon at midnight, it indicates something to be feared. If the embracing cloud and the halo fall outside the晕 and are red, it indicates victory for the foreign forces; if the halo is white, it indicates that people from that area will come to surrender. If the halo is accompanied by the embracing cloud, the emperor will have joy within two months. If two halos are accompanied by a white cloud spanning across, it indicates a great war throughout the country.

不暈有四璚，臣其有謀，不成；背璚者，臣下弛縱，欲自相殘，宜備左右，吉。暈不外合，有四背璚外，其有謀不成。暈有背氣，所臨者敗。有四提，天子無，其下憂。暈而多白氣從外入，有拔城。暈而有蜺雲來乘之，以戰，從蜺所擊，大勝。暈而虹蜺，直指至月，破暈殺將。白暈貫之，其下有亂。暈如連環，有虹指不及月，女貴人有陰謀。白虹貫月，大兵起，將軍戰于野。

When the moon does not form a halo but has four streams of bright light, it indicates that ministers and subordinates have plots that cannot succeed. If the bright light is on the back side of the moon, it suggests that the ministers and subordinates are slack and indulgent, with intentions of mutual destruction; at this time, one should be cautious about the attendants and close advisors, which would be auspicious. If the halo is on the outer side and not closed, with four streams of bright light outside, it indicates that the conspiracy will not succeed. If there is a halo with bright light behind it, the area indicated by the bright light will suffer defeat. If there are four streams of lifting light on the halo, it indicates that the emperor has some deficiency and there will be worries in that region. If there are many white lights invading from outside the halo, it indicates that cities can be captured. If there is a rainbow cloud pressing down on the halo, when fighting, one should attack in the direction indicated by the rainbow, which will lead to a great victory. If the rainbow directly points at the moon, the halo will break and the general will be killed. If white light crosses the moon's halo, there will be chaos in that area. If the halo is like a chain and a rainbow points to it but cannot reach the moon, it indicates that a noblewoman has a conspiracy. If a white rainbow directly passes through the moon, it indicates that a large army will be mobilized, and the general will fight in the outskirts.

暈而有雲貫之，左右吏死。若虹橫貫之，起兵者勝。若暈而有雲如布匹，若三若四貫抵月，戰者勿當，當者破。月暈五星若春木，夏火，秋金，冬水，四季土，其下兵亂。五星相近，相聚一舍，暈盡及之，其下君長惡之。

If there is a cloud spanning across the halo around the moon, it indicates the death of officials on either side. If an arc or rainbow spans the halo, it suggests that the side which initiates the attack will prevail. If there are clouds resembling cloth strips stretching across the halo in straight lines all the way to the moon, then during battle one should not engage directly; those who do will surely lose. If the moon's halo encompasses the five planets, and the planet it encompasses is the one currently in command—wood in spring, fire in summer, metal in autumn, water in winter, and earth at the end of each season—it indicates turmoil in that region. If the five planets are close to each other, gathered within the same constellation, and the moon's halo surrounds them all, it is something that the local ruler should beware of.

五星色不明，主人勝；反之，客勝。又曰，暈土星所在之分，兵起，不勝，必死，不則亡地。又曰，暈金星，其野受兵，戰不勝。又曰，若入暈中星色不明，客敗；若有角，客勝。暈水星，其下有水。又曰，春夏，民有寒熱疾，兵起；冬，其下主憂。一曰，在春大旱，在夏主死；在秋大水，在冬大喪。凡月暈，流星出暈中，其舍貴人出。又曰，國有憂。其色赤，拔地；黃，益地；白，來年熟；黑，軍敗；入暈，有使入。

If the five planets within the halo appear dull in color, it indicates that the defending side will win; conversely, if the planets are bright, the attacking side will win. It is also said that if the halo covers the planet Jupiter, there will be warfare in the region corresponding to Jupiter, and the side will not be victorious, there will be casualties, or else the territory will be lost. If the halo covers the planet Venus, it indicates that the region will be involved in warfare and will not be victorious. If a planet enters the halo and appears dull in color, the enemy army will be defeated; if the planet has a brightpointed rays, the enemy army will win. If the halo covers the planet Saturn, it indicates that there will be water disasters in that region. Another interpretation says that during spring and summer, the people will suffer from fevers and there will be warfare; in winter, the ruler of that region will have worries. Another interpretation says that in spring there will be great drought, in summer there will be deaths, in autumn great floods, and in winter great losses. If there are shooting meteors within the lunar halo, it indicates that a nobleman will appear in the region corresponding to that star, or that the country will face troubles. If the meteor is red, it indicates the taking of land; if yellow, it indicates the gaining of land; if white, it indicates a good harvest next year; if black, it indicates the defeat of the army. If the meteor enters the halo, it indicates that an envoy will arrive.

月食古人以謂［為］：在日之沖其大如日，日光不照，謂之暗虛。逢月則月食，值星則星亡。當望與交會，而暗虛之氣掩之。今曆家月望行黃道，直暗虛，有表裡深淺，故食而南北多少。又曰，烏兔抗衡，光盛威重，數盈，理危之災一時頓盡，遂使太陽奪其光華，暗虛虧其禮體，質小僭則小虧，大驕則大減。或臣行刑直法，中怨氣盛溢，害及良善；或人君行適過專，受所制，則月食不救，則水旱壞。

The section on lunar eclipses. Ancient explanations state that in the area directly opposite the sun in the sky, there is a shadow of the same size as the sun that is not illuminated by sunlight, called "dark void" (i.e., the modern term for the Earth's shadow). When the moon enters this shadow, a lunar eclipse occurs, and when star mansions collide with it, they disappear. When the moon is full and coincides with the intersection point, the dark void's energy covers the moon. Today, astronomers calculate that the moon, on the full moon day, is near the Yellow Path, directly facing the dark void. Since the moon's path has variations in its position relative to the inside and outside of the Yellow Path, the extent of the eclipse varies, being more or less, and偏向 north or south. Another explanation says that the golden bird in the sun and the jade rabbit in the moon are in opposition. When the moon's light reaches its peak and its power becomes too strong, the number of its fullness is complete. A long-accumulated danger suddenly appears, so the sun takes away its brilliance, and the dark void reduces its form. If the moon's excess is slight, the eclipse is small; if it is arrogant and excessive, the eclipse is greater. Regarding human affairs, it may be due to ministers wielding power unjustly and wrongfully, with internal resentment filling up, causing harm to the virtuous, or due to the sovereign acting too autocratically, leading to being controlled by others. If a lunar eclipse is not corrected, it will manifest as drought or flood disasters.

月食，糴貴，大臣失刑，其國有大戰。所宿分，貴人死。兵常在內。月食者，其分受殃。兵來而食者，所當之分戰不勝。又曰，食，出則軍折傷。又曰，修六宮之職與刑事，月食戒在臣下，防夷狄，察陰謀。一曰，食盡，女后當之；兵在外，兵罷；不盡，則大官應之。又曰，月食損光明。咎女后，破軍殺將。少破半，災輕；大半，災重。食既，大臣有咎，女后退；若薄，則為女后憂，大臣失其所理。凡軍行遇之，宜將軍；不出，有謀叛。

A lunar eclipse indicates rising grain prices, improper enforcement of laws by high officials, and war in the country. The region corresponding to the moon's position in the star fields will experience the death of a nobleman, and many military conflicts will arise internally. Whenever there is a lunar eclipse, the corresponding region will suffer calamity. If enemy troops are approaching and a lunar eclipse occurs, the region corresponding to the eclipse will suffer defeat in battle. Another interpretation says that if the moon is rising during the eclipse, it indicates heavy losses and injuries to the army. It is also said that during a lunar eclipse, one should整顿 the duties of the six palaces and the judicial affairs, because the warning of the eclipse falls upon the officials, and one should guard against foreign tribes and detect plots. Another view states that if the eclipse leads to a complete darkness of the moon, the empress should bear the blame; if there are military forces outside, it is advisable to cease military actions; if the eclipse is not complete, the blame falls upon the high officials. It is also said that the moon's loss of brightness indicates fault upon the empress, leading to the defeat of generals. If the eclipse does not cover more than half the moon, the disaster is minor; if it covers more than half, the disaster is severe. A complete eclipse indicates fault among the ministers and the empress stepping down from power; if the moon's light is merely dim, it indicates worry for the empress and the ministers losing their governance. If a military campaign encounters a lunar eclipse, it is favorable for the general; but if the army remains inactive, there may be plots of rebellion.

凡月食，七日內則有風雨。解占：其所起變色，四時與方所暈五星而食，或變異，及二十八宿，其所起從上，謂之失道。又曰，君親國，君當之。從旁謂之失體，相當之。從下謂之失法，將軍當之。又曰，從下起，謂之赤子食其陽，及起南方，男子惡之。〔食其陰，及起北方，女子惡之。東方，少者惡之。西方，老者惡之。若未望而食，從上食而盡，無光，天子惡之。〕

Whenever there is a lunar eclipse, there will be rain and wind within seven days. The method of interpretation involves observing where the moon begins to wane, the color it takes during the eclipse, the season and direction, whether the five planets are involved and eclipsed, and whether there are any other anomalies. Also, the position among the twenty-eight constellations should be considered. If the eclipse begins from above, it is called "losing the path," which indicates that the sovereign should bear the blame. If it begins from the side, it is called "losing the form," which indicates that the prime minister should bear the blame. If it begins from below, it is called "losing the law," which indicates that the general should bear the blame. Another interpretation says that if it begins from below, it is called "the young child eats its yang," and if it also begins from the south, it is unfavorable for men. The text in the brackets is a note added by Song dynasty scholars: if it eats its yin or begins from the north, it is unfavorable for women; if it begins from the east, it is unfavorable for young people; if it begins from the west, it is unfavorable for the elderly; if the eclipse occurs before the full moon and completely darkens from above without any light, it is unfavorable for the emperor.

月食而變色，人多死殺，糴貴。赤則君有咎，不出一年。黃則有立候王者。白失地，或有喪。黑有疾病，以其下宿分占之。又曰，月已食。青色為憂，赤兵，黃財，白喪，黑水。其在四時並其方：春歲惡，夏旱，秋兵，冬女喪。又曰，其於德王之方，皆為其下君憂。又曰，食東方，其日中惡風，四方，主人為客。

When a lunar eclipse occurs and the moon's color changes, it indicates many deaths, injuries, and killings, along with rising grain prices. If the color is red, it suggests the ruler will have misfortune, within a year; if yellow, it indicates the appointment of a marquis or king; if white, it suggests loss of territory or mourning; if black, it indicates an outbreak of disease. These interpretations should be combined with the division of the constellations where the moon is located. It also says that after a lunar eclipse has ended, if the color is green, it indicates worry; if red, it indicates war; if yellow, it relates to wealth; if white, it indicates mourning; if black, it indicates water-related issues. According to the four seasons and directions: an eclipse in spring indicates poor harvests, in summer indicates drought, in autumn indicates war, and in winter indicates mourning for women. It also says that whenever an eclipse occurs in the direction ruled by the current season's dominant element, the ruler of that region will face trouble. Additionally, if the eclipse begins in the east, there will be evil winds at noon that day; if changes occur in all four directions, the defending side will turn into the attacking side.

其暈五星，木則天下大戰，火則其下破車，土乃土工興金為兵強，若大將有志；水則為水喪。其變異則明食中，不出五年，國有兵喪。食而斗，有軍，必戰；無軍，兵起。隨所食，戰利；兩月兵起，天下大亂。若有氣出入，從外入則主憂；從中出則客憂，若從南方者南軍，三方亦如之。有彗星入，其下有喪。

When an eclipse occurs and the five planets are seen to form a halo, a halo around Jupiter indicates great warfare across the land, a halo around Mars indicates damage to vehicles and carriages in that area, a halo around Saturn indicates the commencement of earth and wood construction projects, a halo around Venus indicates a strong military force and generals with determination, and a halo around Mercury indicates floods and funerals. If during the eclipse there is a bright and unusual phenomenon, there will be military disaster and loss of life in the country within five years. If during the eclipse there is an image of fighting, if there is an army, there will certainly be war; if there is no army, war will be started. It is advantageous to deploy troops in the direction of the eclipse's waning. If two moons appear at the same time and war breaks out, it indicates great chaos throughout the land. If during the eclipse there is a movement of air entering or exiting the moon's disk, air coming from outside to inside indicates worry for the defending side; air coming from inside to outside indicates worry for the opposing side; air coming from the south indicates trouble for the southern army, and the same applies to the other three directions. If a comet is seen shooting into the moon, it indicates loss of life in that area.

又占二十八宿：角，大臣憂獄事，法官黜，其下不實；亢，刑法之臣黜，其分憂；氏，則后妃惡之，大臣黜，其分疫；房，乃大臣憂或臣下專政；心，則王者公卿憂，或曰有賊及喪；尾、箕，樂官黜，後惡之，或暴兵作而車騎滿野。斗、牛，乃後、夫人、姪娣黜，或兵起，而所起之分飢；女，則宮中巫祝咒詛，當有黜者，或女后憂而女工廢，及為兵旱；虛，則為刑及掌金玉之官憂，又曰陰道數傷不能化生，或有黜削之罪；壁，則不用文章，大臣災，后憂；一曰民廢而乳婦不安。

Again, according to the mansion where the month resides, the implications are divided. If an eclipse occurs in the Horn mansion, it indicates that ministers will be troubled by legal disputes, judges may be dismissed, and many affairs in that region will be untrue. If it occurs in the Neck mansion, it indicates that officials in charge of criminal law will be dismissed, and there will be worries in that region. If it occurs in the Root mansion (the original text says '氏'), it indicates that the empress will be jealous, ministers will be dismissed, and there will be an epidemic in that region. If it occurs in the Room mansion, it indicates that ministers will be troubled or that subordinates will seize power. If it occurs in the Heart mansion, it indicates that the sovereign and ministers will be troubled; one interpretation suggests there will be bandits and funerals. If it occurs in the Tail mansion or the Winnowing Basket mansion, it indicates that music officials will be dismissed, the empress will be jealous, or that sudden military action will occur with armies filling the fields. If it occurs in the Dipper mansion or the Ox mansion, it indicates that the empress, the concubine, and their cousins and sisters will be dismissed, or that war will break out and the area where the war begins will suffer from famine. If it occurs in the Girl mansion, it indicates that there will be sorcery and curses in the palace, someone will be dismissed, or the empress will be troubled while female workers will be idle, and it also indicates war and drought. If it occurs in the Emptiness mansion, it indicates that officials in charge of punishment and those in charge of gold and jade will be troubled; one interpretation suggests that the vagina will be repeatedly injured and unable to bear children, or there will be punishments and loss of position. If it occurs in the Wall mansion, it indicates that cultural education will not be promoted, ministers will suffer disasters, and the empress will be troubled; one interpretation suggests that common people will lose their jobs and pregnant women will be anxious.

奎，乃將戰死陣之糧，一曰民散，聚斂之臣憂，其分兵喪；不爾，大臣黜；婁，則后有憂，民飢，軍罷不戰；胃，則君后有憂，民飢，或委任之臣當黜；昴，則貴臣凶，女后憂，諸侯黜，門戶之臣有事，或雲將軍死邊地，不安邊，兵大起；畢，乃有邊兵或邊將有誅，不則獄官黜，其分君臣憂，邊人大疫；觜，則旱災，貴臣、大將憂，或其下有叛者；參，則臣有謀，貴人凶，或主兵之臣黜，其分飢；

When the food is in the mansion of Kuí, it indicates that soldiers will die in battle and military provisions will be insufficient; another interpretation suggests that the common people will scatter, and officials who hoard wealth will have worries, or there will be military disasters and losses in the corresponding region, otherwise high officials will be dismissed. When the food is in the mansion of Lóu, it indicates that the empress will have worries, the people will suffer from famine, and the army will return without engaging in battle. When the food is in the mansion of Wèi, it indicates that the sovereign and the empress will have worries, the people will suffer from famine, or the officials entrusted with important tasks will be dismissed. When the food is in the mansion of Mǎo, it indicates that noble officials will face misfortune, the empress will have worries, the princes will be dismissed, and officials in charge of the household will have problems; another interpretation suggests that a general will die on the border, the border will be unstable, and large-scale military actions will arise. When the food is in the mansion of Bì, it indicates that there will be military conflicts on the border or that a border general will be executed, otherwise the officials in charge of justice will be dismissed, and in the corresponding region, the sovereign and ministers will have worries, and there will be a major epidemic among the border people. When the food is in the mansion of Zī, it indicates drought, worries for noble officials and generals, or rebellion in the corresponding region. When the food is in the mansion of Cān, it indicates that ministers will plot secretly, noble officials will face misfortune, or the officials in charge of military affairs will be dismissed, and in the corresponding region, there will be famine.

井，則大臣黜，后有憂，谷不登，其分兵喪；鬼，則貴臣、后憂，宮室不安，大臣憂百姓，貴臣以語言坐罪；星、張，則大臣皇后暴憂，歲飢：翼，則忠臣被讒，皇失禮，北邊兵動；軫，則後惡之，大臣憂。

The food is in the Well mansion, indicating that high officials will be dismissed, the empress will have worries, there will be a poor harvest of grain, and there will be military disasters and loss of life in the corresponding region; in the Ghost mansion, it indicates that high officials and the empress will have worries, the palace will be unstable, and high officials will worry about the people, with high officials being punished for their words; in the Star mansion and Extended Net mansion, it indicates that high officials and the empress will suddenly face troubles and there will be famine; in the Wings mansion, it indicates that loyal officials will be slandered, the king will lose propriety, and troops in the north will be mobilized; in the Chariot mansion, it indicates that the empress will be jealous, and high officials will have worries.