Five Stars Divination: The Divination of the Planet Jupiter

辰星占辰星者，玄武之精，宰輔廷尉、褊將之象。其色黑，冬，北方，水，壬癸皆配之。五常曰智，五事曰聽。分為燕、趙、代，七星為員宮，則其廟也。於卦為坎，以其行速於太白，緩則不出，急則不入。非時則占，為盜，為陰，主殺伐戰鬥，刑法得失。亦為蠻夷之星。欲其小而明則吉，小而憒，地大動。動而光明，則刑獄繁；若光明與日相近，其分大水。色虛白，有大喪，人君當之。

"The star known as 'Chen Xing' is Mercury, the essence of the Black Tortoise in the north, symbolizing ministers, judges, and subordinate generals. It corresponds to black, winter, the north, the element of water, and the heavenly stems Ren and Gui; in the Five Constants it represents wisdom, and in the Five Affairs it corresponds to 'hearing.' Its regional association is with Yan, Zhao, and Dai (modern northern Hebei and Shanxi, as well as Beijing and Tianjin). The Southern Seven Star Mansions refer to Yuan Gong, which is its temple. In the Eight Trigrams, it corresponds to Kan. Its movement is faster than that of Tai Bai; when it moves slowly, it may not emerge, and when it moves quickly, it may not enter. Any appearance outside its proper season is used for divination. It presides over bandits, secret matters, and the success or failure of punishment and law. It is also the star associated with barbarians. When it is small but bright, it is auspicious; if it is small and dim, it indicates great earthquakes. If it moves brightly, it signifies the flourishing of legal cases; if it is bright and close to the Sun, it indicates major flooding in its regional area. If its color is pale and floating white, it signifies a great mourning, which the sovereign must bear."

冬時宜順冬令蓋藏，謹循行積聚，無有不斂，相城郭，戒閭閻，修關閉，備邊境，謹關梁，塞蹊徑。若人君失德非道，辰星失度。智虧聽失，違冬令，傷水氣，則罰見辰星。若冬行春令，則歲星之氣干之，色青。凍不密，地氣上洩，人多流亡，蟲蝗為敗，水泉咸竭，人多疫癘，曠夫多傷，人多固疾。行夏令則熒惑之氣干之。色赤，小而昧，則多暴風，方冬不寒，蟄蟲復出，其分乃旱，雷發先聲，水潦為敗，時雨不降，凍冰消釋。

In winter, one should follow the principle of closure and storage: be cautious in inspecting accumulated resources, ensuring that nothing is left uncollected and stored away; examine the city walls, issue orders to the neighborhoods, repair and secure gates, strengthen border defenses, strictly guard the passes, bridges, and cut off small paths and shortcuts. If the sovereign loses virtue and strays from the right path, the planet Mars will lose its normal position. Any deficiency in wisdom, failure in hearing, or violation of the winter principle that harms the water qi will be manifested in the planet Mars. If in winter the spring principle is applied, the planet Jupiter's qi will interfere, and the planet Mars will appear green, indicating that the ice is not properly sealed, the earth's qi is escaping upwards, many people will flee, locusts will cause disaster, springs will dry up, there will be many epidemics, widowers will suffer greatly, and many people will suffer from chronic diseases. If in winter the summer principle is applied, the planet Mars's qi will interfere, and the planet Mars will appear red, small, and dim, indicating frequent storms, winter not being cold, hibernating creatures emerging again, the region experiencing drought instead of rain, thunder heard before it rains, floods causing problems, timely rain not falling, and ice melting prematurely.

行秋令，則太白之氣干之，其色大不明。霜雪不時，小兵時起，土地侵削，冰雪雜下，瓜瓠不成，國有大兵，白露早降，介蟲為妖，四鄙入堡。不救，則必逆亂為謀。其救也，明賞罰，審法度，勿放肆，求賢良，廣思慮，則星辰順度，春不晨見，秋不夕見，此其常也。晨有見則高大，勢必然也。

If the autumn principle is applied in winter, the planet Venus will interfere, and the planet Jupiter will be large but dim. This indicates untimely frost and snow, small-scale military conflicts arising, territorial losses, mixed snow and ice falling, melons and gourds failing to mature, great military movements in the country, early arrival of white dew, and insects with shells turning into monsters. If these signs are not corrected, there will inevitably be plots of rebellion and disorder. The remedy is to clearly establish rewards and punishments, review laws and regulations, avoid indulgence and excess, seek out virtuous people, and widely consult opinions. In this way, the stars will follow their normal courses. By normal reasoning, the planet Jupiter does not appear in the morning in spring or in the evening in autumn; if it appears in the morning, its form must necessarily be large.

其星行始與日同度，名合伏。經一十六日三十分，去日一十四度外，夕見於西方而順，順三十六日，行三十六度而留，留三十日，去日二十一度內為夕退，復經十三日九十四分，行八度六分復與日同度為順合。其前為前變，其後為後變。又十二日十四分，行八度六分乃晨留，去日二十一度晨見於東方，三日乃晨順。經二十六日，行三十六度復與日同軌同度而合，積一百一十五日八十八分，計行一百一十五度八十八分與短合，周而復始。其行常附於日所在之分，有權智，用兵革。失位，則下降為婦人。

The movement of the planet Chén Xīng can be calculated in this way. It first appears in conjunction with the Sun, called "hé fú" (conjunction and concealment); after sixteen days and thirty parts, when it is more than fourteen degrees away from the Sun, it appears in the west in the evening and moves forward; it moves forward for thirty-six days, covering thirty-six degrees, then stops; it remains stationary for thirty days, and when it is within twenty-one degrees of the Sun, it begins to move backward in the evening, called "xī tuì" (evening retreat); after thirteen days and ninety-four parts, covering eight degrees and six parts, it again joins the Sun, called "shùn hé" (forward conjunction). The first part of the conjunction is called "qián biàn" (preliminary change), and the latter part is called "hòu biàn" (subsequent change). Then, after twelve days and fourteen parts, covering eight degrees and six parts, it becomes "chén liú" (morning stationary); when it is twenty-one degrees away from the Sun, it appears in the east in the morning, and three days later it begins to move forward in the morning, called "chén shùn" (morning forward movement); after twenty-six days, covering thirty-six degrees, it again joins the Sun in the same path and degree. From one conjunction to the next, it takes a total of one hundred and fifteen days and eighty-eight parts, covering one hundred and fifteen degrees and eighty-eight parts, and this cycle repeats. Its movement is always closely following the division of the sky where the Sun is located, symbolizing someone with cunning strategies and military prowess. If it loses its proper position, its energy descends to the human world, manifesting as the image of a woman. Since Chén Xīng is closest to the Sun, it is rarely visible throughout the year, only briefly appearing at dawn and dusk. Therefore, ancient people placed great importance on phenomena such as "dāng chū bù chū, dāng rù bù rù" (when it should appear it does not, when it should disappear it does not), which indicate delays or missed appearances.

當出不出，謂之擊卒，兵大起。當入不入，為災。法律若行失簡，宗廟廢，祭祀則不以時，當寒反溫，當溫反寒。在黃道，多水潦。又曰，春不見，大風，秋則不實，夏旱，又六十日月食。秋不見，有兵。春則不生，冬不見陰雨。六十日有流色，夏則不長。辰星不出，太白為客；其出，太白為主。若出東方，太白出西方，出西方，太白出東方，為格野。

When the planet named Chen Xing (the Morning Star) should appear but does not, it is called "Ji Zu," indicating the outbreak of large-scale military conflicts; when it should enter but does not, it signifies calamity. At this time, the implementation of laws is necessarily careless and hasty, the ancestral temples are neglected, and worship is not conducted at the proper times. The weather becomes warm when it should be cold and cold when it should be warm. When Chen Xing travels along the Yellow Path, it indicates excessive flooding. It is also said that if Chen Xing is not seen in spring, there will be a great wind, and also a poor harvest of grain in autumn, drought in summer, and a lunar eclipse within sixty days. If Chen Xing is not seen in autumn, there will be warfare, and also a failure of growth in spring and no rain in winter. Within sixty days, there will be a flowing color, and also a failure of growth in summer. When Chen Xing does not appear, the star Tai Bai (Venus) is in the guest position; when Chen Xing appears, Tai Bai is in the host position. If Chen Xing rises in the east while Tai Bai rises in the west, or Chen Xing rises in the west while Tai Bai rises in the east, the two stars are opposite each other, called "Ge Ye," indicating mutual resistance and confrontation.

或出而大白不相從，野雖兵，不戰。其入太白中而上出，破軍殺將，客軍勝；下出，客亡也。辰星來抵太白，太白不出，將死；正行上出，破軍殺將，客勝；不出，客亡也。視其所指以命破軍。其環繞太白若與斗，大戰，客勝；繞過太白間，可亟斂兵小戰。繞居太白前，軍罷；出太白左，小戰；摩太白右，數萬人戰，吏人死；去太白右，去之三尺，軍急約戰。

If the planet Chén Xīng appears but the planet Tài Bái does not accompany it, then although there are troops stationed in the outskirts, there will be no battle. If the Chén Xīng enters the area of the Tai Bai and then emerges from above, it indicates that the general marked by the star Pò Jūn will be killed, and the guest army will win; if it emerges from below, the guest army will be defeated. If the Chén Xīng blocks the Tai Bai and the Tai Bai does not move, the general will die; if the Chén Xīng moves straight and emerges from above, the general marked by Pò Jūn will be killed and the guest army will win; if it does not emerge, the guest army will be defeated. One should look at the direction pointed by the light of the Chén Xīng to determine which side's army will be defeated. If the Chén Xīng circles around the Tai Bai as if fighting, it indicates a major battle with the guest army winning; if it passes around the Tai Bai, it is advisable to quickly withdraw and engage in a minor battle; if it circles and stops before the Tai Bai, it indicates an end to hostilities; if it appears on the left side of the Tai Bai, it indicates a minor battle; if it brushes past the right side of the Tai Bai, it indicates a battle involving tens of thousands of soldiers with many casualties among the troops; if it leaves the right side of the Tai Bai about three feet away, it indicates urgent military situations and a scheduled decisive battle between both sides.

星芒角，民多疾。隨用所之，有喪，則不昌。若黑，三芒，天下有喪。又曰，有兵，兵起；無兵，兵罷。若出入依期，光明潤澤，歲豐民樂。不爾，則水旱並作，獄訟不平。出太南，則大潦，太北，則大旱。當留而去也，色白為旱，黃為五穀熟，赤黑，水。若出東方，東方有兵於外，解；常在東方其中赤，中國勝，其外赤，外國利。無兵於外而出，兵起。與太白俱出而赤，出而用兵；若出東方，中國勝；出西方，外國利。

The planet Chén Xīng appears with a bright horn, indicating that the common people will suffer from many diseases. If it moves towards a direction and military action is taken there, there will be losses and decline. If it has a dark color and three bright horns, it signifies that there will be mourning throughout the country; another interpretation says that if there was originally war, war will break out, and if there was no war, war will cease. If it appears and disappears on time and shines brightly and moistly, it indicates a bountiful harvest and people's happiness; otherwise, there will be drought and flood at the same time, and disputes will not be settled. If it appears too far to the south, there will be a great flood; if it appears too far to the north, there will be a great drought. If it should stay but instead departs, a white color indicates drought, a yellow color indicates abundant grain harvests, and a red or black color indicates flooding. If it appears in the east, it signifies that the military forces outside the eastern region will disband. If it remains in the east and the inner side is red, it indicates victory for the central region; if the outer side is red, it indicates advantage for foreign countries. If there are no military forces outside the region but it appears, it signifies the outbreak of war. If it appears at the same time as Tàibái and has a red color, it indicates military action and the use of force; if it appears in the east, the central region will prevail, and if it appears in the west, foreign countries will benefit.

辰星在冬曰王色，比奎大星，精明有光，冬至之時有芒角。在秋曰相色，精明無芒角，不搖光。在春曰休，其色蒼黃，微小無精光。在夏曰囚，其色小黑如不明。在四季，其色青赤，小而不明。當王而有相色，大臣專政，令不行；休色，冬不冰；囚色，冬無霜雪；死色，夏無雨露；白不明，雷電行。其留守也，其分不祥。其進舍也，五星合其地，天下有謀。其退舍也，五星及之，不可舉事用兵。

The star Chen Xing is at its prime in winter (Wang), appearing bright and clear like the great star of the mansion of Kui Xiu, with a brightpointed rays at the winter solstice; in autumn it is in the phase of 'Xiang', appearing bright but withoutpointed rays and with steady light; in spring it is in the phase of 'Xiu', appearing pale yellow, small and without bright light; in summer it is in the phase of 'Qiu', appearing small and dark, like unclear light; at the end of each season it is in the phase of 'Si', appearing greenish-red, small and unclear. If it appears in the color of 'Xiang' during its prime, it indicates that ministers are taking over power and the government's orders are not carried out; if it appears in the color of 'Xiu', it indicates that ice does not form in winter; if it appears in the color of 'Qiu', it indicates that there is no frost or snow in winter; if it appears in the color of 'Si', it indicates that there is no rain or dew in summer; if it appears white but unclear, it indicates that thunder and lightning occur at inappropriate times. If it stays in one place, it indicates that the corresponding region is ominous; if it moves forward to the next mansion, and the five planets gather there, it indicates that there is conspiracy in the world; if it retreats to the previous mansion, and the five planets approach it, then it is not advisable to take military action or make important decisions.

當相而有王色，君弱臣強；休色，政令不行；囚色，秋不霜；死色，谷不成，雷電不藏。其留守也，其分亡地。其進舍也，與五星合，其下有殃；其退舍也，五星及之，不可舉事用兵。休而有王色，是謂不祥。主令失，大臣縱橫；相色，君臣不和；囚色，夏不雨，大旱；死色，六月病傷，貴人有土工。其留守也，其分小兒有多死者。其進舍也，與五星合，天下有水災；其退舍也，五星及之，不可舉事用兵。

When the planet appears in the "Xiang" phase but shows the color of the king, it indicates the ruler is weak and the ministers are strong; if it shows the "Xiu" color, it means the government orders cannot be carried out; if it shows the "Qiu" color, it signifies that autumn does not bring frost; if it shows the "Si" color, it means the grain is not ripe and thunder and lightning should be hidden but are not. If the planet is stationed here, it indicates that the corresponding region will lose territory; if it advances one mansion and joins the five planets, it means there will be calamity in that area; if it retreats one mansion and the five planets approach closely, military action and undertakings should not be taken. These are the general rules for the planet Chen Star: whenever it retreats and is caught up by another planet, regardless of the color it shows, it is considered unfavorable for military campaigns. When the planet appears in the "Xiu" phase but shows the color of the king, it is called "unfavorable omen," indicating the ruler's decree is ineffective and the ministers act recklessly and unlawfully; if it shows the "Xiang" color, it means the ruler and ministers are not in harmony; if it shows the "Qiu" color, it signifies that summer does not bring rain and there is a great drought; if it shows the "Si" color, it means there will be an epidemic in June that harms people and the nobleman will start construction projects. If the planet is stationed here, it indicates that the corresponding region will have many young children dying prematurely; if it advances one mansion and joins the five planets, it means there will be floods throughout the country; if it retreats one mansion and the five planets approach closely, military action and undertakings should not be taken.

囚而有王色則憂，夏雨霜雪，蟄蟲咸伏，雷電不行；相色，秋有暴兵；休色，同之。又曰，流水滂。死色，暴有獄，大臣受其咎。其進舍也，五星合，有德令；其退舍也，五星及之，不可舉事用兵。死而有王色，貴人病；休色，庶人疾；囚色，大旱。其進舍也，與五星合，其年不登；其退舍也，五星及之，國有兵不成行。

When the state is in the "captivity" phase but displays the color of the sovereign, it indicates there will be troubles and worries. In summer, if frost and snow fall, and insects remain hidden, and thunder and lightning do not occur, it is an omen. If the color of the sovereign appears, it indicates there will be sudden military actions in autumn. If the color of the phase appears, the interpretation is the same, but another interpretation suggests there will be great floods. If the color of death appears, it indicates a sudden rise in legal cases, and the ministers will bear the blame. If at this time the state advances one mansion and the five planets conjoin, it indicates there will be a decree of benevolence and virtue. If it retreats one mansion and the five planets approach closely, it is not advisable to undertake military actions or other enterprises. When the state is in the "death" phase but displays the color of the sovereign, it indicates the nobleman will fall ill. If the color of the phase appears, it indicates common people will suffer from illness. If the color of captivity appears, it indicates a great drought. If at this time the state advances one mansion and the five planets conjoin, it indicates the country will have a poor harvest. If it retreats one mansion and the five planets approach closely, it indicates the country will have military action but it will not be organized properly.

其與四星相犯，其犯歲星，后有謀；熒惑，則上妨太子、孽子，下妨太尉、司馬；填星，則憂雨雪，妨後；太白則相叛敗。其合，熒惑，則為悴，不可舉事。用兵，必受其殃，必破軍殺將。不利起，為主勝。填星，則主令不行，為壅阻，所在之分不可舉事，用兵必受其殃，覆軍殺將；太白，則為變謀，若起，為兵憂。其觸熒惑，則天子不安。其出入，則填星出，兵失地；入，兵得地。若有兵車，必賊，客敗。四星與辰星斗，皆為戰，兵不在外，皆為內亂。

When the planet Chén Xīng (Morning Star) conflicts with the other four stars: if it conflicts with Suì Xīng (Year Star), it indicates the empress has secret plots; if it conflicts with Yíng Huò (Flame Star), it causes harm to the crown prince and the younger sons above, and harm to the Grand Minister and the Commander of the Army below; if it conflicts with Zhèn Xīng (Steadfast Star), it brings worry due to snow and rain and harms the empress; if it conflicts with Tài Bái (White Star), it indicates the prime minister rebels, fails, and perishes. When Chén Xīng combines with other stars: if it combines with Yíng Huò, it is called "Cuì" (water and fire clash causing exhaustion), which is unfavorable for initiating actions; if military action is taken, it will bring disaster and lead to the defeat of generals and the death of soldiers; it is unfavorable for initiating actions, but the defending side will win. If it combines with Zhèn Xīng, it indicates the sovereign's orders cannot be carried out, called "Yōng Zǔ" (blockage), and no actions should be taken in the corresponding region; if military action is taken, it will bring disaster and the army will be destroyed, the generals will perish. If it combines with Tài Bái, it indicates changes in plans and strategies; if action is taken, there will be worries related to military affairs. When Chén Xīng meets Yíng Huò, it indicates the emperor is restless. Regarding its appearance and disappearance: when Zhèn Xīng appears, it indicates military campaigns will lose territory; when Zhèn Xīng disappears, it indicates military campaigns will gain territory. If there is also an image of war chariots, there will certainly be bandits and the guest army will be defeated. If any of the four stars conflict with Chén Xīng, it indicates warfare; if the army is not outside the country, it indicates internal disorder.

五星總占五星者，五德之主。昔人以謂其行也，象人臣以序，不敢亂常。猶月之弦望晦朔，或入黃道里，出黃道表。不失其行，則年穀豐；若失其行，則大臣非其人，賢不肖並立，臣亂於下。其星錯於上，過有道之分，則順行，吉昌，民庶豐；經無道之分，則犯斗，變色逆行，會舍環守其宿分。或太白環而不周，徘徊不去，如此者兵之所攻，國家凶，又有喪。

The five stars represent the five virtues of wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Former people believed that their movements were orderly, just like ministers keeping their ranks and not violating the established rules; they also resembled the moon, which has waxing and waning phases, and at times enters within the Yellow Path and at times goes beyond it. When the five stars follow their regular paths, it indicates a bountiful harvest; but if they deviate from their usual courses, it signifies that ministers are not fulfilling their duties, virtuous and unworthy people are mixed together in court, and subordinates are breaking the laws below, causing disorder in the heavens. When the five stars pass over the territory of a virtuous state, they move in a regular, forward direction, bringing good fortune, prosperity, and abundance for the people. However, when they pass over the territory of an unjust state, they clash and fight, change colors, move backward, or gather, stay, or circle around in a particular star's territory. For example, if the star Tai Bai moves around without forming a circle or hesitates to leave, these are signs of impending military calamities, indicating national misfortune and mourning.

故歲星修仁，熒惑修禮，填星修信，太白修義，辰星修智。從之則喜，逆之則怒。以斷其形，明五色之變，以知吉凶。五星並見，其年必惡。若政失於春，則歲星不居常；失政於夏，熒惑逆行；政失季夏，填星失度；政失於秋，太白失行政；失於冬，辰星不效其鄉。五政失則五星不明，年不登。

Therefore, when the planet Jupiter (岁星) appears, one should cultivate benevolence; when the planet Mars (荧惑) appears, one should cultivate propriety; when the planet Saturn (镇星) appears, one should cultivate trustworthiness; when the planet Venus (太白) appears, one should cultivate righteousness; when the planet Mercury (辰星) appears, one should cultivate wisdom. If one follows these, auspicious signs will appear; if one violates them, ominous signs will appear. Those who interpret omens can judge good or bad fortune by observing their shapes and distinguishing their five colors. When all five planets appear together, that year will certainly be bad. If governance is flawed in spring, Jupiter will not remain in its proper position; if governance is flawed in summer, Mars will retrograde; if governance is flawed in late summer, Saturn will lose its proper course; if governance is flawed in autumn, Venus will lose its usual path; if governance is flawed in winter, Mercury will not appear in its proper place. If governance is improper in all five seasons, all five planets will become dim and unclear, and the harvest will be poor.

若王者玉曆不正，諸氣不和，五音不調，則熒惑出入不常，太白逆行晝見，是謂大凶。五音和則五星如度，太白不經天熒惑不逆行，不反明，五星皆順度。秦曆始有金火之逆，甘、石並時有差異，漢初測候，乃知五星皆有逆行。魏末張子信學術精通，三十餘年專以圓儀測候，以算步之，始悟日月交道有表裡遲疾盈縮，五星見伏。

If the king's calendar is incorrect, the various energies are not in harmony, and the five tones are not in tune, then the planet Mars appears erratically and the planet Venus moves retrograde and can be seen during the day, which is called a great calamity. Conversely, if the five tones are in harmony, all five planets will follow their normal paths: Venus does not cross the sky in a straight line, Mars does not move retrograde or become abnormally bright, and all five planets move in accordance with their regular courses. In the history of calendars, it was only during the Qin dynasty that records of the retrograde motion of the planets Venus and Mars first appeared. Gan De and Shi Shen observed them at the same time, but their records differed slightly. It was not until the early Han dynasty that actual measurements revealed that all five planets can retrograde. In the late Northern Wei dynasty, Zhang Zixin was particularly skilled in this field. For over thirty years, he exclusively used the round armillary sphere to observe and calculated using formulas, and only then did he understand the principles of solar and lunar eclipses, including their inner and outer aspects, their slow and fast movements, their expansion and contraction, and the regular patterns of the appearance and disappearance of the five planets.

見伏向背，東行曰順，西行曰逆。順則疾，逆則遲。通而率之，經東行。不東不西曰留，留與日相近而不見曰復，與日同度曰合。其留、行、逆、順、掩、合、凌、犯、變色，芒角，凡其所主，皆依時政五常、五官、五事之得失而見其變，遲疾皆有常數。

Regarding the concepts of visibility and concealment and their directions, the terms are as follows: moving eastward is called "shun" (smooth), and moving westward is called "ni" (reverse); moving smoothly is swift, while moving in reverse is slow, but overall, the trend remains eastward. Not moving east or west and remaining still is called "liu" (stay); staying still and approaching the Sun to the point of being unseen is called "fu" (return); being in the same degree as the Sun is called "he" (conjunction). All phenomena such as their staying still, moving smoothly, moving in reverse, visibility, conjunction, eclipsing, and transgressing, as well as changes in color and the appearance ofpointed rays (hairs or spikes), their corresponding effects are determined by the gains and losses of the five constants, five officials, and five affairs in the current political affairs. As for the speed of their movement, there are fixed constants that can be calculated.

五星合，是謂同有德者受慶，子孫蕃昌，亡德者受殃。五星皆大，其事亦小。若四星合，是謂大蕩。其下兵喪並起，君子憂，小人流。三星合，是謂驚立絕行，其分國內外有兵喪，民飢，改立侯王。又曰，歲星、熒惑、填星、陽也，太白、辰星、陰也。陽自外邦，陰自內邦。陽與陰合，中外邦相連以兵；陰與陽合，兵謀在內；陽與陰合，兵謀在外。

When all five planets congregate, it is called "Tong." A virtuous ruler will thus receive blessings and have numerous descendants, while an unvirtuous ruler will suffer calamity. Although the five planets are large in size, the affairs they presage are not great. When four planets congregate, it is called "Da Dang," indicating that warfare and loss will occur in that region, with the virtuous worrying and the petty people wandering. When three planets congregate, it is called "Jing Li Jue Xing," indicating that the country in that region will face internal and external warfare, famine among the people, and a change in the appointment of princes and kings. It is also said that the planet Jupiter, Mars, and Saturn belong to the Yang category, while the planet Venus and the star Tan belong to the Yin category. Yang planets presage matters concerning foreign states, while Yin planets presage matters concerning the inner state. When Yang and Yin planets congregate, it indicates warfare between the central state and foreign states. If Yin planets first congregate with Yang planets, it indicates that military schemes will originate internally. If Yang planets first congregate with Yin planets, it indicates that military schemes will originate externally.

木、火、土三星以逆行，勿以為凶。其遲，夜半經天。其始，皆與日合度，合順行，漸遲，迫日不及，晨見於東方。行去日稍遠，朝時近中則留，留隅中則逆，行逆多時，近中則凶。留而又順，先進漸速，以至於夕伏西方，乃更與日合。

The three stars of wood, fire, and earth naturally move retrograde, so one should not immediately judge them as ominous just because they appear to be retrograde. Their movement is slow, allowing them to cross the meridian during the night. Their process is as follows: they initially share the same position as the sun, then move forward gradually, slowing down, and are overtaken by the sun, appearing in the east in the morning. After moving slightly away from the sun, they stop near the middle of the sky in the morning. When they reach the position near noon, they begin to move retrograde. Retrograde movement continues for some time, and when they approach the meridian, it indicates an ominous sign. After stopping, they resume forward movement, first slowly and then gradually faster, until they set in the west in the evening, rejoining the sun.

太白則以出入不時為凶。辰星則以不效為凶。速而不經天，自始與日合之後，行速而先日，夕見西方，去日前稍遠，夕時近南方則漸遲，遲極而留，留而近日則逆行而合。日在於後，晨見東方。逆則留，留而後遲，遲極去日稍遠。日一時欲近南方，則運行以迫日，晨伏於東方，復與日合。此五星合、見遲、速、逆、順流行之大經也。

The star Tai Bai is considered ominous when it appears or disappears out of season. The star Chen Xing is also ominous when it appears when it should not or fails to appear. These two stars move quickly but do not cross the meridian: after they join with the Sun, they move swiftly and get ahead of the Sun, appearing in the west in the evening. As they move slightly further away from the Sun, by the time it is near the south in the evening, they slow down, slow to a stop, then approach the Sun again, moving backward and joining the Sun. After that, when the Sun is behind them, they appear in the east in the morning. They move backward, then stop, then slow down, slow to a stop, then move further away from the Sun. When the Sun is near the south, they speed up to catch up with the Sun, disappearing in the east in the morning, and then rejoining the Sun. This is the general summary of the conjunctions, appearances, and the slow, fast, retrograde, and direct movements of the five stars.

南方春，太陽之位，天地之經也。月星之行，當天地之經。則遠日失留，逆行而不居焉。故三星經天，二星不經天。陰星，是臣道也，日去而隱，臣不得專也。晝而見上者為經天，其占為下臣為變；更經天，為肅霜至，為旱。備五星經天，天變所未有也。五星應歷度，曰為政令有常。若違歷錯度逆行盈縮者，為亂行，亂行則為失矣，彗孛焉。

The south and spring are the positions of the Star of brightness and prestige, also the constant order of heaven and earth. When the moon and stars reach this constant order, if they are too far from the Star of brightness, they lose their proper place and can only move backward, not remain in position. Therefore, the stars of wood, fire, and earth can cross the meridian, but the stars of metal and water cannot. The stars of metal and water are yin stars, representing the way of ministers: when the Star of brightness moves, they disappear, just as ministers should not act independently. If these stars are seen in the sky during the day, it is called "crossing the sky," and the divination indicates ministers in lower positions and disturbances. If they cross the sky repeatedly, it signifies the early arrival of frost and drought. If all five stars cross the sky, it is an unprecedented heavenly change. If the five stars align with the degrees calculated by the calendar, it indicates that government orders are constant. If they violate the calendar and move erratically, expanding or contracting, it is called "disordered movement," which is disorder, and comets and孛 stars will follow as a result.

五星雜占五星有色，大小不同，各依其行而順時應節。色變青，比參右肩；赤比心大星，黃比參左肩，白比狼，黑比奎大星。不失常色而應其央者，吉。色害行，凶。所去所宜之辰，其分得位。歲星以德，熒惑以禮，填星有禍，太白兵強，辰星陰陽合。所行所宜之辰，順其色而有角者勝，其色變者敗。居實有德也，色勝位；行勝色，行盡勝之。

Each of the five planets has its own color and varies in size. They all follow their own paths and align with the seasons and solar terms. There are standard stars to determine the color changes: when it turns blue, refer to the star on the right shoulder of the Three Stars mansion; when it turns red, refer to the Great Star of the Heart mansion; when it turns yellow, refer to the star on the left shoulder of the Three Stars mansion; when it turns white, refer to the star Wolf; when it turns black, refer to the Great Star of the Legs mansion. If the color remains normal and aligns with its appropriate position, it is auspicious; if the color conflicts with its movement, it is inauspicious. Whenever a planet departs or arrives at a certain time or direction, that region is considered to be in its proper position. The effects of being in the proper position vary: the planet Jupiter signifies virtue, Mars signifies propriety, Saturn signifies calamity, the bright star signifies military strength, and the water star signifies the union of yin and yang. When a planet appears at the appropriate time and its color matches with a bright edge, that direction is victorious; if the color changes, that direction is defeated. When a planet is in its actual position, it signifies virtue. In terms of importance, color is superior to position, movement is superior to color, and ultimately, movement decides the outcome.

木、火、土、金、水五星守其子，則陽氣不足，歲多水災，民飢；守其母，有陰謀者必敗，或曰陰氣不足，水災。守所勝，賦役擊，強凌弱，眾暴寡，多盜，兵起。若圓而色變白，喪，旱。赤則中不平，為兵；青為夏水，黑為疾；黃。若用角，亦占其色。赤角犯我城，黃角地之爭，白哭泣之聲，青兵憂，黑角水困，窮兵之所終。五星同色，天下偃兵，百姓安寧，歌舞以行，不見災疾，五穀豐登。其主時侯以其月，色變則所行失矣。

According to the principles of the Five Phases, the presence of the Five Stars in different positions indicates various outcomes. If a star is stationed in the position of the star that generates it (its child), it signifies insufficient yang energy, frequent water disasters in the year, and famine among the people. If a star is stationed in the position of the star that it generates (its mother), it indicates that those who plot in secret will surely fail; another interpretation suggests it indicates insufficient yin energy and water disasters. If a star is stationed in the position of the star it overcomes (its conqueror), it signifies heavy taxation and conscription, the strong oppressing the weak, the many mistreating the few, numerous bandits, and the outbreak of military conflicts. If the star appears round with a white color, it indicates death and drought; if it is red, it signifies internal unrest and military conflict; if it is green, it indicates major flooding in summer; if it is black, it indicates disease and plague; if it is yellow, it is a special case (the original text here is missing). If the star has a sharp angle, its color should also be considered: a red angle indicates enemy forces attacking the city, a yellow angle indicates territorial disputes, a white angle indicates mourning, a green angle indicates military worries, and a black angle indicates water-related difficulties and hardships, which are the consequences of excessive military campaigns. When all five stars appear with the same color, it signifies peace throughout the land, the people living in security and happiness, celebrations and joy, no disasters or epidemics, and abundant harvests of grain. In summary, when each star is in charge, its influence should be determined according to the month it is in. A change in the star's color indicates that its function has become abnormal.

占期五星休時，四序不同，各於其時而為主焉。及其見罰降祥，則大小異其體，並殊其色。或光潤澤明爭，或暗微芒角凌犯有異，即可消息之。水、火、土有吉祥，則常明。期季月，若主色見祥，則應在合月。福德之祥，以王時在乎合月、王日、王辰。若為不及之祥，則應在沖月。若王月見祥，應在刑月。

On the timing of fulfillment. The five planets each have their periods of decline and prosperity, varying with the four seasons, and each occupies the main position during its own ruling season. When they display punishment or auspicious signs, the size and color vary: some appear bright and luminous, while others are dim and faint, with spikes or strange phenomena, by which we can estimate and infer. The stars of water, fire, and earth, when showing auspicious signs, usually remain bright. The time of fulfillment is determined in the season months (third, sixth, ninth, and twelfth months). If the main color of the star appears as an auspicious sign, the time of fulfillment is in the month corresponding to that color. For auspicious signs related to virtue and fortune, the time is determined by the period of prosperity, occurring in the corresponding month, prosperous day, and prosperous hour. If the sign is weak, the time of fulfillment is in the month opposing it. If an auspicious sign appears in the prosperous month, the fulfillment occurs in the month of conflict.

期發者於所勝之日。金、水二星即以殺月、殺日、時以期遠近，刑亦如之。凡災大，事大而期遠，災小，事小而期近。近即一日、十日，遠或一紀十年。論兵殺，論誅戮以刑，論德以德，生死亦爾。

The date when an event occurs is determined by the day that restrains the star in question. For the stars of metal and water, the time is determined by the month and day of severity and the hour, to measure the nearness or distance of the response. The method for mutual punishment is the same. Generally, if the disaster is great, the event will be significant and the response will be distant; if the disaster is minor, the event will be minor and the response will be near: near responses occur within one day or ten days, while distant ones may take up to twelve years or a decade. When discussing warfare and military actions, or execution and punishment, the method of mutual punishment is used. When discussing benevolence and grace, the method of mutual generation is used. When discussing the death or life of people, the same method is applied.

五星期應五星凶吉期應日數：木星應以木日，又甲乙日。火應火日，或丙丁日。他同。日月星期災變應期殺將日、月、星期十二辰候，其災變吉凶之期，殺將甲乙日，應在一金，餘皆然，以制然也。二十八宿災期二十八宿以十二辰災變期：星木應在金，以受制言也。又曰木十二，火十三日，土十八日，金八，水十。

The number of days for the auspicious and inauspicious effects of the Five Stars: the Wood Star should be on days of Wood, that is, Jia and Yi days; the Malefic of violence should be on days of Fire, that is, Bing and Ding days; the other three stars follow the same pattern. As for the Sun, Moon, and the other stars, their auspicious and inauspicious periods are determined by observing the twelve earthly branches for signs of calamity or fortune, as well as the days for cutting off generals. For example, if a general is cut off on a Jia or Yi day, the corresponding day should be of Metal, because Metal overcomes Wood. The same principle applies to the twenty-eight mansions: the Wood star's corresponding day is of Metal, because Wood is overcome by Metal. There is also a set of days: the Wood Star corresponds to twelve days, the Malefic of violence to thirteen days, the Earth Star to eighteen days, the Metal Star to eight days, and the Water Star to ten days.

五星守犯列舍應期五星守犯列舍應期：守則在春、在秋前後；冬夏應期法，隨氣所制前後；夏冬應其法，隨氣所在制前後；犯乃前春後秋，左冬右夏，應以王處為前，其對為後，左右縱之。又云災祥發見，應在沖月甲乙日，有災期百二十日；丙丁，八十日；戊己，六十日；庚辛，四十日；壬癸，二十日。凡占侯災變期，應參詳大小、災福、淺深、四時，休王，審而用之。

The calculation of the timing for the influence of the Five Stars on the constellations: For those that are "guarding" (守), the timing occurs before and after spring and autumn; for those in winter and summer, the timing before and after depends on the relationship of control between the solar terms. The method for summer and winter is similar, with the timing before and after determined by the relationship of control of the prevailing atmospheric energy. For those that are "offending" (犯), spring is considered the beginning, autumn the end; winter is the left, summer the right; the flourishing place is the beginning, and the opposing place is the end; the left and right can be flexibly adjusted. It is also said that calamities and auspicious events appear in the month of opposition. If it occurs on a Jia or Yi day, the calamity lasts 120 days; on a Bing or Ding day, 80 days; on a Wu or Ji day, 60 days; on a Geng or Xin day, 40 days; on a Ren or Gui day, 20 days. When predicting the timing of calamities or changes, one must consider the size of the matter, whether it is a calamity or blessing, the depth of the effect, the season it occurs in, and the strength or decline of the star, and then carefully weigh and decide.

流星犯五星凡流星犯歲星也，蒼黑，大司農死；赤，歲病飢，黃白，歲樂食足。赤光直窮歲星過，或曰光而銳刺，過害也。黃潤行緩，頭尾端直，去歲星一二寸減者，其地有福，四夷來。

The method of divination when a shooting star interferes with the five planets. If a shooting star encounters the planet Jupiter, a dark blue color indicates the death of a high-ranking official in charge of finances and grain; a red color signifies plague and famine in the current year; a yellow or white color indicates peace and abundance in the current year. If the red light is straight and reaches the end of Jupiter's position before passing, or if the light is sharp like a spear, it is a sign of great harm. If the shooting star is yellow and moist, moves slowly, and has a straight and proper head and tail, and loses its light and slows down within one or two inches of Jupiter, it indicates that the region will have good fortune and that foreign tribes will come to submit.

犯熒惑，則其下有福，若光明映熒惑者，鄰國有大使者至，權威有奸謀。抵則大早歲飢。沖而無光，其分有憂，歲荒民流。入乃國多讒臣，天子備災。犯填星，則外奸人或夷狄來。色赤，有兵；黑有水，或有喪。又為民多事。若其星有大芒，色黃，主德昌。無光，其下主有憂。

A falling star encountering the planet Mars indicates that the land will have good fortune. If the falling star shines brightly and illuminates Mars, it signifies that a great envoy will arrive from a neighboring state, and there will be treachery among those in power. If the falling star blocks Mars, it indicates a severe drought and famine. If the falling star directly opposes Mars without light, it indicates sorrow in the corresponding region, poor harvests, and the migration of people. If the falling star enters Mars, it indicates many slanderous ministers within the country and the emperor should beware of calamities. A falling star encountering Saturn indicates that there will be disturbances from external villains or invasions by barbarians. A red color indicates military conflict, a black color indicates flood or death, and also indicates many troubles among the people. If the falling star has a bright glow and a yellow color, it indicates flourishing virtue and prosperity. If the falling star has no light at all, it indicates sorrow in the region.

抵而相去一寸許，凌填星，光潤者，其分有德也。入太白，其分軍敗。無兵，兵起；強國以戰，亡。沖而無光，其軍憂將死。前後有角，光銳而穿太白，其下有德令。犯辰星，德令施於四方。水官憂，又為大水。奪辰星光者，有外邦使者論得失事。入則天下水，大理御史多死。

A meteor approaching and passing near the planet Zhèn Xīng, at a distance of about an inch, indicates that the region corresponding to that star will have virtue. If a meteor enters the direction of Tàibái, it signifies that the region will suffer military defeat; if there is no existing military conflict, war will break out; if a powerful country starts a war because of this, it will ultimately suffer defeat and destruction. If the meteor directly confronts Tàibái without any light, it indicates that the army will face difficulties and the generals may die. If the meteor has horns in front and sharp light piercing through Tàibái, it indicates that the region will issue benevolent decrees. If a meteor approaches Chénxīng, it signifies that virtue will be implemented throughout the land, but officials responsible for water affairs will face worries, and there will be major floods. If the light of Chénxīng is taken away, it indicates that envoys from foreign states will come to evaluate and discuss matters. If a meteor enters Chénxīng, it signifies widespread flooding across the land, and many officials in judicial and supervisory positions will die.