Chapter 13: Explaining Grasses

常棣，棣。

Chang di (常棣) is di (棣).

檟，苦荼。

Jia (槚) is the ku tu (苦荼), bitter tea.

樕樸，心。

Su pu (樕朴) is xin (心).

榮，桐木。

Rong (荣) is the tong mu (桐木), paulownia.

棧木，幹木。

Zhan mu (栈木) is the gan mu (干木).

檿桑，山桑。

Yan sang (檿桑) is the shan sang (山桑), mountain mulberry.

木自弊，柛。立死，椔。弊者，翳。

A tree that falls of itself is called shen (柛). One that dies standing is called zi (椔). One that has fallen is called yi (翳).

木相磨，。

When trees rub against one another it is called (a word missing in the base text).

棤，皵。

Chuo (棤) is que (皵).

梢，梢棹。

Shao (梢) is the shao zhao (梢棹).

樅，松葉柏身。

Cong (枞) is the pine-leaved, cypress-bodied tree.

檜，柏葉松身。

Gui (桧) is the cypress-leaved, pine-bodied tree.

句如羽，喬，下句曰朻，上句曰喬。如木楸曰喬，如竹箭曰苞，如松柏

One curved like a feather is called qiao; one bending downward is called jiu, one bending upward is called qiao. One like the qiu tree is called qiao, one like bamboo arrows is called bao, one like pine and cypress is called mao, and one like the huai tree is called

曰茂，如槐曰茂。

mao.

祝州木。

Zhu zhou mu (祝州木). This entry is too short, and its meaning is unclear.

髦柔英。

Mao rou ying (髦柔英). This entry is too short, and its meaning is unclear.

槐、棘，醜喬；桑、柳，醜條；椒、樧，醜莍；桃、李，醜

Trees of the huai and ji kind have crowns that rise upward; trees of the mulberry and willow kind have branches that droop downward; trees of the pepper (jiao) and shaoyu (榝) kind bear cone-like clusters; trees of the peach and plum kind

核。

bear stone fruits.

瓜曰華之，桃曰膽之，棗李曰疐之，樝梨曰鑽之。

For melons one says "hua zhi" (华之), for peaches "dan zhi" (胆之), for jujubes and plums "zhi zhi" (疐之), for hawthorns and pears "zuan zhi" (钻之). All refer to removing the stem and the core.

小枝上繚為喬。無枝為檄。

A small branch twisting upward is called qiao. One without side branches is called xi (檄).

木族生為灌。

Trees growing in clumps are called guan.

螜，天螻。

Gu (螜) is the tian lou (天蝼), mole cricket.

蜚，蠦蜰。

Fei (蜚) is the lu fei (蠦蜰).

螾，入耳。

Yin (螾) is the ru er (入耳), earwig.

蜩，螂蜩，螗蜩。

Tiao (蜩) includes the lang tiao (螂蜩) and the tang tiao (螗蜩), cicadas.

蚻，蜻蜻。

Zha (蚻) is the qing qing (蜻蜻).

，茅蜩。

(The headword is missing in the base text) is the mao tiao (茅蜩).

蝒，馬蜩。

Mian (蝒) is the ma tiao (马蜩), horse cicada.

蜺，寒蜩。

Ni (蜺) is the han tiao (寒蜩), cold cicada.

蜓蚞，螇螰。

Ting yu (蜓蚞) is the xi xi (螇螰).

蛣蜣，蜣螂。

Jie qiang (蛣蜣) is the qiang lang (蜣螂), dung beetle.

蠍，蛣。

Xie (蝎) is jie (蛣).

蠰，齧桑。

Rang (蠰) is the nie sang (啮桑).

諸慮，奚相。

Zhu lü (诸虑) is the xi xiang (奚相).

蜉蝣，渠略。

Fu you (蜉蝣) is the qu lue (渠略), mayfly.

蛂，蟥蛢。

Ban (蛂) is the huang bing (蟥蛢).

蠸輿父，守瓜。

Quan yu fu (蠸舆父) is the shou gua (守瓜).

蝚，蛖螻。

Rou (蝚) is the fen lou (蛖蝼).

不蜩，王蚥。

Bu tiao (不蜩) is the wang gu (王蚥).

蛄{施蟲}，強。

Gu shi (蛄施, the latter character written in the base text with the insect radical over "shi") is qiang (强).

不過，蟷蠰，其子蜱蛸。

Bu guo (不过) is the mantis (tang lang, 螳螂); its egg case is called pi shao (蜱蛸).

蒺藜，蝍蛆。

Ji li (蒺藜) is the ji ju (蝍蛆).

蝝，蝮蜪。

Yuan (蝝) is the fu tao (蝮蜪).

蟋蟀，蛩。

Xi shuai (蟋蟀) is qiong (蛩), the cricket.

蟼，蟆。

Qing (蟼) is ma (蟆), the toad.

螁，馬。

Tui (螁) is ma (马), of the horsefly kind.

蛗螽，蠜。

Fu zhong (蛗螽) is fan (蠜).

草螽，負蠜。

Cao zhong (草螽) is fu fan (负蠜), grasshopper.

蜤螽，蜙蝑。

Xi zhong (蜤螽) is song xu (蜙蝑).

蟿螽，螇蚸。

Qi zhong (蟿螽) is xi li (螇蚸).

土螽，蠰谿。

Tu zhong (土螽) is rang xi (蠰溪).

螼蚓，蜸蠶。

Qian yin (螼蚓) is jian can (蜸蚕), earthworm.

莫貈，螳螂，蛑。

Mo he (莫貈) is the mantis (tang lang, 螳螂), also called mou (蛑).

虰蛵，負勞。

Ting ling (虰蛵) is fu lao (负劳).

蜭，毛蠹。

Min (蜭) is mao du (毛蠹).

蟔，蛅蟴。

Qiu (蟔) is zhan si (蛅蟴).

蟠，鼠負。

Pan (蟠) is shu fu (鼠负), pill bug.

蟫，白魚。

Yin (蟫) is bai yu (白鱼), silverfish.

蛾，羅。

E (蛾) is luo (罗).

螒，天雞。

Han (螒) is tian ji (天鸡).