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Shigu, Chapter 1 (Explaining Old Words)

Han (漢) · anonymous (佚名) · Volume 1 / 28

Shigu, Chapter 1 (Explaining Old Words)

Confucian Classics

Start with the Four Books in order: the Great Learning sets the frame, the Analects records the sayings, Mencius develops them, and the Doctrine of the Mean closes the sequence. Then read the Book of Songs, the Book of Documents, the Book of Rites and the Spring and Autumn commentaries. Xunzi, the Chunqiu Fanlu, Reflections on Things at Hand and Instructions for Practical Living show how the school’s thought was later argued and extended.

初、哉、首、基、肇、祖、元、胎、俶、落、權輿,始也。

初、哉、首、基、肇、祖、元、胎、俶、落、权舆: all mean 'beginning'.

林、烝、天、帝、皇、王、後、闢、公、侯,君也。

林、烝、天、帝、皇、王、后、辟、公、侯: all mean 'ruler'.

弘、廓、宏、溥、介、純、夏、幠、厖、墳、嘏、丕、奕、洪、誕、戎、

弘、廓、宏、溥、介、纯、夏、幠、厖、坟、嘏、丕、奕、洪、诞、戎 (continued in the next line; all mean 'great').

駿、假、京、碩、濯、訏、宇、穹、壬、路、淫、甫、景、廢、壯、冢、簡、

骏、假、京、硕、濯、𬣙、宇、穹、壬、路、淫、甫、景、废、壮、冢、简 (continued in the next line; all mean 'great').

、昄、晊、將、業、席,大也。

昄、晊、将、业、席: all mean 'great'.

幠、厖,有也。

幠、厖: both mean 'to have'.

迄、臻、極、到、赴、來、吊、艐、格、戾、懷、摧、詹,至也。

迄、臻、极、到、赴、来、吊、艐、格、戾、怀、摧、詹: all mean 'to arrive'.

如、適、之、嫁、徂、逝,往也。

如、适、之、嫁、徂、逝: all mean 'to go'.

賚、貢、錫、畀、予、貺,賜也。

赉、贡、锡、畀、予、贶: all mean 'to bestow'.

儀、若、祥、淑、鮮、省、臧、嘉、令、類、糹林、彀、攻、穀、介、徽,

仪、若、祥、淑、鲜、省、臧、嘉、令、类、𬘭 (the received text splits this character into two parts)、彀、攻、谷、介、徽 (continued in the next line; all mean 'good, fine').

善也。

All mean 'good, fine'.

舒、業、順,敘也。

舒、业、顺: all mean 'order, sequence'.

舒、業、順、敘,緒也。

舒、业、顺、叙: all mean 'thread, clue, sequence'.

怡、懌、悅、欣、衎、喜、愉、豫、愷、康、妉、般,樂也。

怡、怿、悦、欣、衎、喜、愉、豫、恺、康、妉、般: all mean 'joyful, happy'.

悅、懌、愉、釋、賓、協,服也。

悦、怿、愉、释、宾、协: all mean 'to submit, comply'.

遹、遵、率、循、由、從,自也。

遹、遵、率、循、由、从: all mean 'to follow, to proceed from'.

遹、遵、率,循也。

遹、遵、率: all mean 'to follow, to abide by'.

靖、惟、漠、圖、詢、度、諮、諏、究、如、慮、謨、猷、肇、基、訪,謀

靖、惟、漠、图、询、度、咨、诹、究、如、虑、谟、猷、肇、基、访: all mean 'to plan, to deliberate'.

也。

All mean 'to plan, to deliberate'.

典、彝、法、則、刑、範、矩、庸、恆、律、戛、職、秩,常也。

典、彝、法、则、刑、范、矩、庸、恒、律、戛、职、秩: all mean 'constant law, regular rule'.

柯、憲、刑、範、闢、律、矩、則,法也。

柯、宪、刑、范、辟、律、矩、则: all mean 'statute, standard'.

辜、闢、戾,辠也。

辜、辟、戾: all mean 'crime, guilt'.

黃髮、齯齒、鮐背、耇、老,壽也。

黄发、𫠜齿、鲐背、耇、老: all mean 'long-lived, aged'.

允、孚、亶、展、諶、誠、亮、詢,信也。

允、孚、亶、展、谌、诚、亮、询: all mean 'sincere, trustworthy'.

展、諶、允、慎、亶,誠也。

展、谌、允、慎、亶: all mean 'honest, true'.

謔浪笑敖,戲謔也。

Xue lang xiao ao (谑浪笑敖) means to jest and to joke.

粵、於、爰,曰也。

粤、于、爰: all mean 'to say'; they are also often used as particles.

爰、粵,於也。

爰、粤: both mean 'at, in' (the particle 于).

爰、粵、於、那、都、繇,於也。

爰、粤、于、那、都、繇: all mean 'at, in' (the particle 于).

合攵、郃、盍、翕、仇、偶、妃、匹、會,合也。

敤 (the received text splits this character into two parts)、郃、盍、翕、仇、偶、妃、匹、会: all mean 'to join, to meet'.

仇、讎、敵、妃、知、儀,匹也。

仇、雠、敌、妃、知、仪: all mean 'to match, to be a counterpart'.

妃、合、會,對也。

妃、合、会: all mean 'to face each other, to form a pair'.

妃,媲也。

妃 means 'to match, to be a mate'.

紹、胤、嗣、續、纂、緌、績、武、系,繼也。

绍、胤、嗣、续、纂、緌、绩、武、系: all mean 'to inherit, to continue'.

、諡、溢、蟄、慎、貉、謐、顗、頠、密、寧,靜也。

谥、溢、蛰、慎、貉、谧、𫖮、𬱟、密、宁: all mean 'quiet, still'.

隕、磒、湮、下、降、墜、摽、蘦,落也。

陨、磒、湮、下、降、坠、摽、蘦: all mean 'to fall'.

命、令、禧、畛、祈、請、謁、訊、誥,告也。

命、令、禧、畛、祈、请、谒、讯、诰: all mean 'to tell, to petition'.

永、悠、迥、違、遐、逷、闊,遠也。

永、悠、迥、违、遐、逷、阔: all mean 'far'.

永、悠、迥、遠,遐也。

永、悠、迥、远: all mean 'far'.

虧、壞、圮、垝,毀也。

亏、坏、圮、垝: all mean 'to ruin, to collapse'.

矢、雉、引、延、順、薦、劉、繹、屍、旅,陳也。

矢、雉、引、延、顺、荐、刘、绎、尸、旅: all mean 'to set out, to array'.

屍、職,主也。

尸、职: both mean 'to take charge of'.

屍,寀也。

尸 means something like 'an official's fief'.

寀、寮,官也。

采、寮: both mean 'official post'.

績、緒、採、業、服、宜、貫、公,事也。

绩、绪、采、业、服、宜、贯、公: all mean 'affair, duty'.

永、羕、引、延、融、駿,長也。

永、羕、引、延、融、骏: all mean 'long, far-reaching'.

喬、嵩、崇,高也。

乔、嵩、崇: all mean 'high'.

崇,充也。

崇 means 'full, to fill'.

犯、奢、果、毅、剋、捷、功、肩、戡,勝也。

犯、奢、果、毅、克、捷、功、肩、戡: all mean 'to overcome'.

勝、肩、戡、劉、殺,克也。

胜、肩、戡、刘、杀: all mean 'to conquer'.

劉、獮、斬、刺,殺也。

刘、狝、斩、刺: all mean 'to kill'.

亹亹,蠠沒、孟、敦、勖、釗、茂、劭、勔,勉也。

亹亹、蠠没、孟、敦、勖、钊、茂、劭、勔: all mean 'diligent, to exert oneself'.

騖、務、昏、,強也。

骛、务、昏、(one character is missing here in the received text): all mean 'to strive, to make an effort'.

卬、吾、臺、予、朕、身、甫、餘、言,我也。

卬、吾、台、予、朕、身、甫、余、言: all mean 'I, me'.

朕、餘、躬,身也。

朕、余、躬: all mean 'oneself'.

臺、朕、賚、畀、卜、陽,予也。

台、朕、赉、畀、卜、阳: all mean 'yu' (予), whether in the sense of 'to give' or 'I'.

肅、延、誘、薦、餤、晉、寅、藎,進也。

肃、延、诱、荐、餤、晋、寅、荩: all mean 'to advance, to recommend'.

羞、餞、迪、烝,進也。

羞、饯、迪、烝: all mean 'to present, to advance'.

詔、亮、左、右、相,導也。

诏、亮、左、右、相: all mean 'to guide'.

詔、相、導、左、右、助,勴也。

诏、相、导、左、右、助: all mean 'to help'.

The original text is in the public domain. The English is a machine-assisted translation of this library’s own Chinese paraphrase, checked against a fixed glossary so that technical terms match the definitions used elsewhere on this site. It is a reading aid and does not replace the original.