Chapter 13: Explaining Grasses

豦，迅頭。

Ju (豦) is the one with a swift head (xun tou, 迅头).

蜼，卬鼻而長尾。

Wei (蜼) is the one with an upturned nose and a long tail (ang bi er chang wei, 卬鼻而长尾).

時，善乘領。

Shi (时) is the one good at riding on collars (shan cheng ling, 善乘领).

猩猩，小而好啼。

Xing xing (猩猩) is the small one fond of crying out (xiao er hao ti, 小而好啼), the orangutan.

闕洩，多狃。──寓屬。

Que xie (阙泄) has many toes. That concludes the monkey group (yu shu, 寓属).

鼢鼠。鼸鼠。鼷鼠。鼶鼠。鼬鼠。鼩鼠。鼭鼠。鼣鼠。

Fen shu (鼢鼠), xian shu (鼸鼠), xi shu (鼷鼠), ti shu (鼶鼠), you shu (鼬鼠), qu shu (鼩鼠), tu shu (鼭鼠) and zhou shu (鼣鼠).

鼫鼠。鼤鼠。鼨鼠。豹文鼮鼠。鼰鼠。──鼠屬。

Shi shu (鼫鼠), wen shu (鼤鼠), zhong shu (鼨鼠), bao wen yun shu (豹文鼮鼠) and ling shu (鼰鼠). That concludes the rodent group (shu shu, 鼠属).

牛曰齝，羊曰齥，麋鹿曰齸，鳥曰嗉，寓鼠曰嗛。

A cow that chews its cud is said to chi; a sheep that chews its cud is said to xi; elk and deer that chew the cud are said to yi; a bird is said to su; a beast that lodges its food in cheek pouches, and rodents, are said to qian.

──齸屬。

That concludes the cud-chewing group (yi shu, 齸属).

獸曰釁，人曰撟，魚曰須，鳥曰狊。──須屬。

A beast is said to xin, a person is said to jiao, a fish is said to xu, and a bird is said to ju. That concludes the whiskered group (xu shu, 须属).

騊駼，馬。

Ji tao (𫘦𬳿) is the horse (ma, 马).

野馬。

The wild horse.

駮，如馬。倨牙，食虎豹。

The bo (駮) resembles a horse, with curved tusks, and can eat tigers and leopards.

騉蹄趼，善升甗。

The jue (騉) has hard, thick hooves and is good at climbing steep mountains shaped like a steamer.

騉駼，枝蹄趼，善升甗。

The jue tao (騉𬳿) has split toes and hard hooves and is good at climbing steep mountains shaped like a steamer.

小領，盜驪。絕有力，駥。

One with a slender neck is called dao li (盗骊). One of exceptional strength is called rong (駥).

膝上皆白，惟馵。

One white above the knees is wei zhu (惟馵).

四骹皆白，驓。

One with all four shanks white is zang (驓).

四蹢皆白，首。前足皆白，騱。後足皆白，翑。前右足白，啟。左

One with all four hooves white is called shou. One with white forefeet is called ji (𫘬). One with white hind feet is called yu (翑). One with the right forefoot white is called qi. On the left

白，踦。後右足白，驤。左白，馵。

side, one white is called qi (踦). One with the right hind foot white is called xiang (骧). On the left side, one white is called zhu (馵).

騮馬白腹，騵。驪馬白跨，驈。

A bay horse (liu) with a white belly is called xuan (𫘪). A black horse (li) with white haunches is called yu (驈).

白州，驠。

Bai zhou (白州) is dian (驠).

尾本白，騴。尾白，駺。

One with a white tail root is called quan (騴). One with a white tail is called kuai (駺).

馰顙，白顛。

Di sang (馰颡) is bai dian (白颠), white-faced.

白達素，縣。

Bai da su (白达素) is xian (县).

面顙皆白，惟駹。

One with a wholly white face is wei mang (惟駹).

回毛在膺，宜乘。在肘後，減陽。在幹，茀方。在背，闋廣。逆毛，居馻。

One with a whorl of hair on the chest is called yi cheng. One with a whorl behind the elbow is called jian yang. One with a whorl on the torso is called fu fang. One with a whorl on the back is called que guang. One whose hair grows against the grain is called ju ji (居馻).

騋牝，驪牡。玄駒，褭驂。

A tall mare's mate is a black stallion. A black colt is called niao can (褭骖).

牡曰騭，牝曰騇。

A stallion is called zhi (骘), and a mare is called ting (騇).

騮白，駁。黃白，騜。

A bay horse mottled with white is called bo (驳). A yellow horse mottled with white is called huang (騜).

騮馬黃脊，騝。驪馬黃脊，騽。

A bay horse with a yellow spine is called zhi (騝). A black horse with a yellow spine is called ye (騽).

青驪，駽。青驪驎，驒。

A bluish-black horse is called xuan (駽). A bluish-black one with scale-like markings is called tuo (驒).

青驪繁鬛，騥。

Qing li fan lie (青骊繁鬛) is xing (騥).

驪白雜毛，駂。

Li bai za mao (骊白杂毛) is bao (駂).

黃白雜毛，駓，陰白雜毛，駰。

A horse mottled yellow and white is called pi (𬳵); one mottled gray and white is called yin (骃).

蒼白雜毛，騅。彤白雜毛，騢。白馬黃鬛，駱。白馬黑唇，駩。

A horse mottled gray-green and white is called zhui (骓). One mottled red and white is called xia (騢). A white horse with a yellow mane is called luo (骆). A white horse with a black muzzle is called luo (駩).

黑喙，騧。

Hei hui (黑喙) is gua (䯄).

一目白瞯，二目白魚。

Yi mu bai xian (一目白瞯) is er mu bai yu (二目白鱼), fish-eyed.

“既差我馬”，差，擇也。

"We have chosen our horses": cha (差) means to select.

宗廟齊毫，戎事齊力，田獵齊足。──馬屬。

For sacrifices in the ancestral temple, horses must be uniform in coat; for war, uniform in strength; for hunting, uniform in speed. That concludes the horse group (ma shu, 马属).

犘牛。

The mo ox (犘牛).

牛。

(Only the single character "ox" remains in this entry in the base text, and a passage seems to be missing above.)

犤牛。

The pei ox (犤牛).

犩牛。

The huan ox (犩牛).

犣牛。

The zhi ox (犣牛).

犝牛。

The tong ox (犝牛).

犑牛。

The yi ox (犑牛).

角一俯一仰，觭；皆踴，觢。

When one horn bends down and the other bends up, it is called ji; when both horns stand straight up, it is called ji (觢).

黑唇，犉。黑眥，牰。黑耳，犚。黑腹，牧。黑腳，犈，其子犢。

One with a black muzzle is called chun. One with black eye sockets is called ying. One with black ears is called wei. One with a black belly is called mu. One with black feet is called yu. The young is called du, calf.

體長，牬。絕有力，欣犌。──牛屬。

One with a long body is called ji (牬). One of exceptional strength is called xin jie (欣犌). That concludes the ox group (niu shu, 牛属).

羊，牡羒，牝牂。

Yang (羊), the sheep: the male is called fen (羒), the female is called zang (牂).

夏羊，牡羭，牝羖。

Xia yang (夏羊), the summer sheep: the male is called yu (羭), the female is called gu (羖).

角不齊，觤。角三觠，羷。

One whose two horns are uneven is called gui (觤). One whose horns have three rings is called xian (羷).

羳羊，黃腹。未成羊，羜。絕有力，奮。──羊屬。

The chan sheep (羳羊) has a yellow belly. A sheep not yet grown is called zhu (羜). One of exceptional strength is called fen. That concludes the sheep group (yang shu, 羊属).

犬生三猣，二師，一犭蘄。

A dog's litter of three is called zong (猣), a litter of two is called shi, and a litter of one is called qi (蕲).

未成毫，狗。長喙，獫。短喙，猲獢。絕有力，狣。

One not yet grown its stiff hair is called gou. One with a long muzzle is called xian (猃). One with a short muzzle is called xie xiao (猲獢). One of exceptional strength is called tiao (狣).

尨，狗也。──狗屬。

Mang (尨) is a dog (gou, 狗). That concludes the dog group (gou shu, 狗属).

雞，大者蜀，蜀子雓。

The chicken: a large one is called shu (蜀), and the chick of a shu is called qiu (雓).

未成雞僆。絕有力，奮。──雞屬。

A chicken not yet grown is called luan (僆). One of exceptional strength is called fen. That concludes the chicken group (ji shu, 鸡属).

馬八尺為駥。

A horse eight chi tall is called rong (駥).