Shigu, Chapter 1 (Explaining Old Words)

曰樓。

is called a lou (楼).

木豆謂之豆，竹豆謂之籩，瓦豆謂之登。

A wooden dou is called dou (豆), a bamboo dou is called bian (笾), and a ceramic dou is called deng (登).

盎謂之缶，甌瓿謂之瓵，康瓠謂之甈。

An ang (盎) is called fou (缶), vessels of the ou and bu kinds are called yi (瓵), and a hollow, broken gourd is called qi (甈).

斪劚謂之定，斫謂之，謂之疀。

A hoe-like tool is called ding (定), a chopping hoe is called zhu (斸; the source text uses a variant form of this character), and (a character is missing in the source text) is called zhi (疀).

緵罟謂之九罭，九罭，魚網也。

A zong net (緵罟) is called jiuyu (九罭). Jiuyu means a fishing net.

嫠婦之笱謂之罶。

A fish trap used by a widow is called liu (罶).

罺謂之汕。

Cao (罺) is called shan (汕), a kind of dip net.

篧謂之罩，槮謂之涔。

Yue (篧) is called zhao (罩), and shen (椮) is called cen (涔); all are fishing implements or methods.

鳥罟謂之羅，兔罟謂之罝，麋罟謂之罞，彘罟謂之羉，魚罟謂之罛。

A net for catching birds is called luo (罗), a net for catching rabbits is called ju (罝), a net for catching elk is called mi (罞), a net for catching boars is called ji (羉), and a net for catching fish is called gu (罛).

繴謂之罿。罿，罬也。

Bi (繴) is called chong (罿). Chong means zhuo (罬).

罬謂之罦。罦，覆車也。

Zhuo (罬) is called fu (罦). Fu means fuche (覆车), a net that flips over like an overturned cart to catch birds.

絇謂之救。

Qu (絇) is called jiu (救), an ornament on the toe of a shoe.

律謂之分。

Lü (律) is called fen (分). This sense is found mainly in this book.

大版謂之業。

A large board is called ye (业).

繩之，謂之縮之。

To bind with rope is called suo (缩).

彝、卣、罍，器也。

Yi (彝), you (卣) and lei (罍) are all vessels.

小罍謂之坎。

A small lei is called kan (坎).

衣裗謂之衤皃，黼領謂之襮，緣謂之純，袕謂之。

The hanging part of a garment's front is called chou (裯; the source text writes this character with the clothing radical beside mao), an embroidered collar with an axe pattern is called bo (襮), a garment's border is called chun (纯), and xue (袕) is called (the explanatory character is missing in the source text).

衣{此目}謂之襟，衱謂之裾，衿謂之袸。

The crossed collar of a garment is called jin (襟; the source text writes this character as a combination of two components), the back of a garment is called ju (裾), and the tie is called chan (袸).

佩衿謂之褑。

The sash for hanging jade pendants is called yuan (褑).

執衽謂之袺，扱衽謂之襭，衣蔽前謂之襜。

Lifting up the skirt of a garment is called jie (袺), tucking the skirt into the belt is called xie (襭), and the garment that covers the front is called chan (襜).

婦人之褘謂之縭。縭，緌也。

The hui (袆) of a married woman is called li (缡). Li means the hanging ribbon.

裳削幅謂之。

A skirt cut with its widths trimmed is called (the explanatory character is missing in the source text).

輿革，前謂之鞎，後謂之笰；竹，前謂之御，後謂之蔽。

On a cart covered with leather: the front is called yin (鞎) and the back is called fu (笰); with bamboo: the front is called yu (御) and the back is called bi (蔽).

環謂之捐，鑣謂之钀，載轡謂之轙，轡首謂之革。

A ring is called juan (捐), a horse's bit is called yi (钀), the ring that holds the reins is called yi (轙), and the leather of a bridle is called ge (革).

餀謂之餯，食饐謂之餲。

Food that has changed taste is called ai (餯), and cooked rice that has gone sour is called ai (餲).

摶者謂之，米者謂之糪，肉謂之敗，魚謂之餒。

What has clumped together is called (the explanatory character is missing in the source text), spoiled rice is called bei (糪), spoiled meat is called bai (败), and spoiled fish is called nei (馁).

肉，曰脫之；魚，曰斮之。

Meat is said to be tuo (脱), and fish is said to be zhuo (斮). This means removing the bones and skin, or cutting into pieces.

冰，脂也。

Bing (冰) means grease that has congealed.

肉謂之羹，魚謂之鮨，肉謂之醢，有骨者謂之臡。

A meat soup is called geng (羹), a fish paste is called qi (鮨), a meat paste is called hai (醢), and a meat paste with bones is called ni (臡).

康謂之蠱，澱謂之垽。

Chaff is called gu (蛊), and sediment is called yin (垽).

鼎絕大，謂之鼐；圜弇上，謂之鼒；附耳外，謂之釴；款足者，謂之鬲；

A tripod that is extremely large is called nai (鼐), one that is round with a small mouth is called zi (鼒), one with its ears attached on the outside is called tuo (𬬩), one with hollow legs is called li (鬲),

謂之鬵。鬵，鉹也。

and one called xin (鬵). Xin means yi (鉹).

璲，瑞也。

Sui (璲) means jade of good omen.

玉十，謂之區。

Ten pieces of jade are called qu (区).

羽本，謂之翮。一羽謂之箴，十羽謂之縳，百羽謂之緷。

The base of a feather is called he (翮). One feather is called zhen (箴), ten are called zong (䌸), and a hundred are called gun (緷).

木謂之虡。

The wooden frame for hanging bells and chime stones is called ju (虡).

旄謂之{艹罷}。

The yak-tail ornament is called pi (罴; the source text writes this character with the grass radical above ba).

菜謂之簌。

A vegetable is called su (簌), meaning a seasoning vegetable.

白蓋謂之苫。

A cover of white thatch is called shan (苫).

黃金謂之璗，其美者謂之鏐。

Yellow gold is called huang (𬍡), and the finest of it is called liu (镠).

白金謂之銀，其美者謂之鐐。

White metal is called yin (银, silver), and the finest of it is called liao (镣).

鉼金謂之鈑，錫謂之鈏。

Gold in the form of cakes is called ban (钣), and tin is called yin (鈏).

象謂之鵠，角謂之觷，犀謂之剒，木謂之剫，玉謂之雕，金謂之鏤，

Working ivory is called hu (鹄), working horn is called zhi (觷), working rhinoceros horn is called cuo (剒), working wood is called kui (剫), working jade is called diao (雕), working metal is called lou (镂),

木謂之刻，骨謂之切，象謂之磋，玉謂之琢，石謂之磨。

and for wood it is also called ke (刻), for bone it is called qie (切), for ivory it is called cuo (磋), for jade it is called zhuo (琢), and for stone it is called mo (磨).

璆琳，玉也。

Qiulin (璆琳) means jade.

簡，謂之畢；不律，謂之筆；滅，謂之點。

A bamboo slip is called bi (毕); bulü (不律) is called bi (笔, the writing brush); wiping out written marks is called dian (点).

絕澤謂之銑。

A metal with a very bright luster is called xian (铣).

金鏃翦羽，謂之鍭；骨鏃不翦羽，謂之志。

A metal arrowhead with trimmed feathers is called zhi (𬭤), and a bone arrowhead with untrimmed feathers is called zhi (志).

弓有緣者謂之弓，無緣者謂之弭。

A bow with a decorated edge is called gong (弓), and one without decoration is called mi (弭).

以金者謂之銑，以蜃者謂之珧，以玉者謂之珪。

One decorated with metal is called xian (铣), one decorated with clam shell is called yao (珧), and one decorated with jade is called gui (珪).

珪大尺二寸，謂之玠；璋大八寸，謂之琡；璧大六寸，謂之宣。

A gui one foot two inches long is called jie (玠), a zhang tablet eight inches long is called shu (琡), and a bi disk six inches in diameter is called xuan (宣).

肉倍好，謂之璧；好倍肉，謂之瑗；肉好若一，謂之環。

A disk whose rim is twice the width of its hole is called bi (璧), one whose hole is twice the width of its rim is called yuan (瑗), and one whose rim and hole are equal is called huan (环).

繸，綬也。

Bian (䍁) means shou (绶), a ribbon.

一染謂之縓，再染謂之赬，三染謂之纁。

Dyed once, it is called quan (縓), dyed twice it is called cheng (赪), and dyed three times it is called xun (𫄸).

青謂之蔥，黑謂之黝。

Blue-green is called cong (葱), and black is called you (黝).

斧謂之黼，邸謂之柢，雕謂之琢，蓐謂之茲，竿謂之箷。

The axe pattern is called fu (黼), di (邸) is called di (柢), diao (雕) is called zhuo (琢), a grass mat is called zi (兹), and a pole is called yi (箷).

簀謂之笫。

The bamboo mat on a bed is called zi (笫).

革中絕，謂之辨；革中辨，謂之韏。

Leather split down the middle is called bian (辨), and when divided further on the bian it is called juan (韏).

鏤，鎪也。

Lou (镂) means to carve and engrave.