Chapter 13: Explaining Grasses

鳥鼠同穴，其鳥為鵌，其鼠為鼵。

When a bird and a rodent share one burrow, the bird is called tu (鵌) and the rodent is called tu (鼵).

鸛鷒，鶝鶔，如鵲短尾，射之銜矢射人。

Guan yu (鹳鷒) is huan zhi (鶝鶔); it resembles a magpie but has a short tail, and when shot at, it holds an arrow in its beak and shoots people with it.

鵲醜，其飛也翪。

Magpies and their kind, when flying, draw in their wings.

鳶烏醜，其飛也翔。

Kites and crows and their kind, when flying, wheel in circles.

鷹隼醜，其飛也翬。

Hawks and falcons and their kind, when flying, beat their wings and dart swiftly.

鳧雁醜，其足蹼，其踵企。

Wild ducks and geese and their kind have webbed feet and walk with the heel raised.

烏鵲醜，其掌縮。

Crows and magpies and their kind have the soles of their feet drawn in.

亢，鳥嚨。其粻，嗉。

Kang (亢) means the bird's throat. Its crop is called su (嗉).

鶉子鳼。

The young of the quail is called ru (鳼).

鴽子鸋。

The young of the ru (鴽) is called ning (鸋).

雉之暮子為鷚。

A late-hatched young of a pheasant is called liu (鹨).

鳥之雌雄不可別者，以翼右掩左雄，左掩右雌。

When the sex of a bird cannot be told, the one whose right wing presses on the left is male, and the one whose left wing presses on the right is female.

鳥少美長醜為鶹鷅。

A bird that is beautiful when young and ugly when grown is called liu li (鹠鷅).

二足而羽謂之禽，四足而毛謂之獸。

Those with two feet and feathers are called qin (birds); those with four feet and fur are called shou (beasts).

鵙，伯勞也。

Ju (鵙) is the shrike (bo lao, 伯劳).

倉庚，黧黃也。

Cang geng (仓庚) is li huang (黧黄), oriole.

麋，牡麔，牝麎，其子{鹿夭}，其跡躔，絕有力狄。

Mi (麋), the elk: the male is called jiu (麔), the female is called you (麎), the young is called ni (麑), its footprint is called chan, and one of exceptional strength is called di.

鹿，牡麚，牝麀，其子麛，其跡速，絕有力{鹿幵}。

Lu (鹿), the deer: the male is called jia (麚), the female is called you (麀), the young is called mi (麛), its footprint is called su, and one of exceptional strength is called jian (麙).

麕，牡麌，牝麜，其子{鹿旦}，其跡解，絕有力。

Jun (麕), the river deer: the male is called yu (麌), the female is called you (麜), the young is called dan (麠), its footprint is called jie, and one of exceptional strength is (a word missing in the base text).

狼，牡貛，牝狼，其子，獥，絕有力，迅。

Lang (狼), the wolf: the male is called huan (貛), the female is called lang, the young is called (a word missing in the base text), also called jiao (獥), and one of exceptional strength is called xun.

兔子，嬎，其跡迒，絕有力，欣。

The hare is called fan (嬎); its footprint is called heng, and one of exceptional strength is called xin.

豕子，豬。，。么，幼。奏者。豕生三豵，二師，

The young of a pig is called zhu. (Two characters are missing in the base text here.) The smallest is called yao, also called you. One with wrinkled skin is called zou. A litter of three is called zong, a litter of two is called shi,

一特。所寢，橧。四豴皆白，豥。其跡刻，絕有力。牝豝。

and a litter of one is called te. A pig's den is called zeng. One with all four hooves white is called gai. Its footprint is called ke, and one of exceptional strength is (a word missing in the base text). A sow is called ba.

虎竊毛謂之虦貓。

A tiger with pale fur is called zhan mao (虦猫).

貘，白豹。

Mo (貘) is bai bao (白豹), the white leopard.

甝，白虎。，黑虎。

Jian (甝) is bai hu (白虎), the white tiger. (A character is missing in the base text here) is the black tiger.

，無前足。

(The headword is missing in the base text), has no forefeet.

鼳，鼠身長鬚而賊，秦人謂之小驢。

Wu (鼳) has the body of a rat, a long beard and a fierce nature; the people of Qin call it the little donkey.

熊，虎醜，其子狗，絕有力麙。

The bear is of the tiger kind; its young is called gou, and one of exceptional strength is called jian (麙).

貍子，。

The young of the fox-cat (li, 狸) is called (a word missing in the base text).

貈子，貆。

The young of the he (貈) is huan (貆).

貒子，貗。

The young of the tuan (貒) is xun (貗).

貔，白狐。其子豰。

Pi (貔) is the white fox. Its young is called hu (豰).

麝父，麕足。

She fu (麝父) is jun zu (麕足).

豺，狗足。

Chai (豺) is gou zu (狗足), dhole.

貙，似貍。

Chu (䝙) is si li (似狸).

羆，如熊，黃白文。

The pi (罴), the brown bear, resembles a bear and has yellow-white markings.

麢，大羊。

Ling (麢) is da yang (大羊), the large sheep.

麠，大麃，牛尾一角。

Jing (麠) is da pao (大麃), with an ox tail and a single horn.

{鹿旨}，大麕，旄毛狗足。

Jiu (麔) is da jun (大麕), with long hair and dog's feet.

魋，如小熊，竊毛而黃。

The tui (魋) resembles a small bear, with pale yellow fur.

猰貐，類貙，虎爪，食人，迅走。

The ya yu (猰貐) resembles a chu, with tiger claws; it eats people and runs fast.

狻麑，如虦貓，食虎豹。

The suan ni (狻麑) resembles a zhan mao (虦猫) and can eat tigers and leopards.

驨，如馬，一角，不角者騏。

The xun (驨) resembles a horse and has a single horn; the one without a horn is called qi (骐).

羱，如羊。

Yuan (羱) is ru yang (如羊), wild sheep.

麐，麕身牛尾一角。

Lin (麐) has the body of a river deer, the tail of an ox and a single horn.

猶，如麂，善登木。

You (犹) resembles a muntjac and is good at climbing trees.

貄，脩毫。

Gu (貄) is xiu hao (修毫), long-furred.

貙，似貍。

Chu (䝙) is si li (似狸).

兕，似牛。

Si (兕) is si niu (似牛), the wild buffalo.

犀，似豕。

Xi (犀) is si shi (似豕), the rhinoceros.

匯，毛刺。

Hui (汇) is mao ci (毛刺), the hedgehog.

狒狒，如人，被髮，迅走，食人。

The fei fei (狒狒) resembles a human, with hair draped over its head; it runs fast and eats people.

貍、狐、貒，貈醜。其足蹯，其跡。

Li (狸), fox (hu, 狐) and tuan (貒) are of the he (貈) kind. The sole of the foot is called fan, and the footprint is called (a word missing in the base text).

蒙頌，猱狀。

Meng song (蒙颂) is nao zhuang (猱状).

猱蝯，善援。

Nao yuan (猱蝯) is the one good at climbing (shan yuan, 善援).

貜父，善顧。

Jue fu (貜父) is the one good at looking back (shan gu, 善顾).

威夷，長脊而泥。

Wei yi (威夷) is the one with a long spine and muddy color (chang ji er ni, 长脊而泥).

麔麚，短脰。

Jiu jia (麔麚) is the short-necked one (duan dou, 短脰).

贙，有力。

Xuan (贙) is the strong one (you li, 有力).