The important methods of deriving meanings in the West.
公篤曰：相法有天道之轉機，地形之偏重，山水之鐘靈，盛衰之變化，古法多定論，執而不變矣。剩下萬國共和，全球交通，種族之性質不同，寒熱之地帶各異，故國家法律有臨時之採擇，時勢潮流有趨向之必要。各海口、各商埠，五方雜處，餘留心考查，則有各因地形而取者，其部位相同，事業相異。惜乎餘末遊歷歐美，不窺全豹也。
Chen Gongdu said: The art of physiognomy must take into account the turning points of the heavenly mandate, the emphasis of the terrain, the temperament formed by the convergence of mountains and waters, and the changes in the prosperity and decline of the world. Most ancient physiognomies gave fixed conclusions, adhering rigidly to one view without flexibility. In the present age, with the world in a state of republicanism and global communication, different races have distinct natures, and regions in the cold and hot zones differ greatly. Therefore, national laws must adapt and select accordingly, and the trends of the times have their own direction. At various ports and commercial ports, people from all five directions coexist in one place. I have carefully examined and found that in physiognomy, there are indeed different methods applied according to different terrains: the same body part may indicate vastly different careers. Unfortunately, I have not traveled to Europe and America, so I cannot see the whole picture.
茲以所得者，分別錄後，他日如遂餘願，另有增補。刻下歐美有新相法，然皆偏於一掌，及偏於一骨，此為吾國數千年前之一小部份，研究過程，不足為定法明矣。至於形與聲之考查，為貴賤之必要；神與色之認定，為吉凶之先機，則未聞也。茲以餘之經驗，與其人之事實相應者錄下。
Now I will list the points I have observed regarding the heart score. If in the future I am able to realize my wish to go abroad, I will add more to this list. At present, in Europe and America, there is also a so-called new physiognomy, but it either focuses solely on the palms or on a particular bone. This is merely a small part of the physiognomy techniques from thousands of years ago in our country, still in the exploratory stage, obviously insufficient to be considered a fixed method. As for the examination of "form" and "sound," these are essential skills in determining social status. The identification of "spirit" and "complexion" serves as the initial signs for predicting good or bad fortune—these two aspects are still unknown to them. Below, I will record the content based on my personal experience, verified by the actual circumstances of others.
一．法國人：肥厚而白，以印堂寬突為第一，金睛有威聚瞳為第二，兩顴上聳、土星圓隆為第三，其它部位則為輔佐部位，仍附帶關係也。故相法有舍輕取重之點，分類如下。凡特貴之局，有當時大權顯赫，有身後盛名流芳。其印堂高突方隆，長橫有楞，其骨有三寸四寸，至眉尾稜角止，有此則為大貴；加以金睛有威，此為大貴重柄；如土星豐隆，兩顴高聳，此為國家安危之人材，具有總統資格，次亦內閣各首長之格。其人有大精神、大略，智勇兼全，剛毅英明，機巧遠見，陰險出奇，以成其偉大事業也。
First, the French. The physical features of the French are characterized by thick muscles and fair skin. Observing their faces, the first important feature is the "Yintang" area, which is broad and full. The second is the "Jinjing" (golden eyes), where the eyes emit a golden glow, indicating inner authority and focused pupils. The third is the two "Quan" (cheekbones), which are high and prominent, and the "Tuxing" (nose tip), which is round and full. Other features are secondary and only have a minor relationship. Therefore, physiognomy focuses on the main points, and the classification is as follows. Those with exceptionally noble appearances are either individuals who hold great power and influence in their time or those who leave a lasting legacy. Such people have a high and square Yintang area, which is wide and long with a distinct edge. The Yintang bone extends three to four inches across, reaching the angle of the eyebrows. Having this feature alone indicates great fortune. If this is combined with golden eyes and authority, it signifies great fortune and significant power. If further accompanied by a full nose tip and high cheekbones, it indicates a person who is crucial to national security, possessing the qualifications to be a president. The next level would be the ministers of various government departments. Such individuals are full of spirit, have great strategic abilities, are both intelligent and brave, strong-willed and wise, resourceful with foresight, and can be cunning and unexpected when necessary, achieving great accomplishments through these qualities.
印堂高突寬方，長橫過眉尾，金睛無威煞，土星兩顴堆突有勢，此為民政領袖，次則議會院長、交通大員、外交大臣，及出國領事職務，或臨時公使任命。其人英明多才，遠多智，善應對而有膽識，通權變而逢時機，有安危貢任也。
The forehead is high, prominent, wide and square, and long horizontally beyond the end of the eyebrows, yet the eyes lack a fierce and menacing aura. At the same time, the nose and the two cheekbones are elevated and form a strong, commanding presence — this is the physiognomy of a civil leader. The next level would be capable of holding positions such as speaker of the legislature, key transportation officials, foreign ministers, or ambassadors. They might also be temporarily appointed as envoys. Such individuals are wise and versatile, with long-term vision, abundant intelligence and strategy, skilled in rhetoric and boldness, capable of adapting to circumstances, seizing opportunities, and bearing the responsibility for the safety of the nation (the original text mistakenly writes '贡任' instead of '责任').
印堂高突寬方，長橫過眉尾，金睛有威煞，兩顴上插高聳，此為軍政領袖，陸軍總長、海軍總長，出而為大帥大將，次則航空司令、要塞司令。此為武職，而有拓土之功。其人勇悍剛燥，堅固持久，任勞有恆，貪功涉險，膽智均長，而成其功用也。
The forehead is high, prominent, broad and square, with a horizontal length extending beyond the end of the eyebrows. The eyes are sharp and fierce, radiating a commanding aura. The cheeks are high and rise upward toward the temples, forming a prominent structure. This is the appearance of a military and political leader, capable of serving as commander-in-chief of the army or navy. If appointed outside, he can become a great general or marshal. Even the next level is capable of being an air force commander or a fortress commander. This type belongs to the military profession, capable of achieving great feats of expanding territory. Such people are brave and fierce, with a strong and impetuous temperament. They have firm willpower and perseverance, are willing to endure hardship, have determination, and are eager to seek military achievements, daring to take risks. They possess both courage and intelligence, and achieve their accomplishments through these qualities.
印堂高突寬方，長橫過眉尾，金睛無威而和，土星高起圓隆，年壽有梁，此為財政領袖，及財政總長、財務大員，以及開闢利源，享受盛名。其人機巧知時，英明達物，志向堅固而有恆，見解遠大而預算，心深貪功而任勞也。
The forehead is high, prominent, broad and square, with a horizontal length extending beyond the eyebrows. The eyes are golden but lack a fierce aura, appearing instead gentle. The nose is high, round and prominent, with the middle part of the bridge (the area between the eyebrows and the nose) rising clearly, indicating a bone structure. This is the appearance of a financial leader, capable of serving as a finance minister or financial official, or of establishing new sources of wealth and enjoying a high reputation. Such people are shrewd and adaptable, wise and capable of understanding matters, with firm aspirations and perseverance. They have broad vision, always making budgets for everything, deep inner strategies, a strong desire for fame and success, and are willing to endure hardship and take on responsibilities.
金睛而和，神充而收，土星圓隆，兩額高聳，此為專門人材，及教務司繹、文化之家、開辦學校、淵博之士、發明物品，最高者為司法院長，以及法官律師、警察廳長，以及縣政市政，勷助政治人材之例。此為中貴下責之局。其人聰明多才，機巧多智，明利害，知是非，通常智識，與出類拔萃不一也。
The eyes have a golden glow but the expression is gentle, the gaze full yet restrained and not overly outwardly displayed, the nose is round and prominent, and the cheekbones are high. This is the appearance of a special type of person, who can serve as an official in educational administration, a renowned figure in the cultural field, establish schools, become a learned scholar or an inventor and creator. The highest position they can reach is the head of the Judicial Yuan; others such as judges, lawyers, police chiefs, and officials involved in county and city governance, all fall into this category. This is a medium to lower level of noble destiny. Such people are intelligent and talented, skillful and resourceful, understanding the advantages and disadvantages, and able to distinguish right from wrong. However, among them, some only have ordinary insight, while others truly stand out and are exceptional, varying from person to person.
土星圓隆，兩顴敦厚，眉低壓目，印堂窄小，此為經濟專家，營利源，及實業礦務，遠商近賈，作富而不貴之局。其人深通社會情形，迎合時人心理，任勞貪利，用機行詐，以成其功用也。印堂窄小，兩顴平厚，邊城陷弱，中嶽勻圓，此為農工技藝而有職業，充足衣祿之局。如神充和斂，土星植隆，方可發達而致富。其性則有賢愚不等，巧拙不齊，慎細勤勞，此為中下之格也。
A round and full nose, thick and solid cheekbones, eyebrows low over the eyes, and a narrow and small forehead — this is the appearance of an economic expert, capable of managing finances, running industries or mining, or engaging in long-distance or local trade. This type tends to be wealthy but not necessarily high-ranking. Such people are well-versed in social relationships, skilled at understanding and catering to people's psychology, willing to work hard and greedy for profit, and accustomed to using cunning and deceit to achieve their goals. If the forehead is narrow and small, the cheekbones are flat and thick, the 'border city' (the area near the hairline on the forehead) is sunken and thin, and the 'central mountain' (the nose) is even and round — this indicates a person who earns a living through farming, manual labor, or craftsmanship, with a stable occupation and sufficient livelihood. If they also have bright and full eyes, a gentle and restrained expression, and a straight and prominent nose bridge, they may achieve prosperity. This type of person varies in character, some wise and some foolish, some skillful and some clumsy, but they all share the traits of being cautious, meticulous, and hardworking, belonging to a middle or lower rank.
印堂方楞高突長橫，此合地形重要，他部陷弱不足，亦為貴格，而有驚人事業矣。如加金睛有威煞，則智勇全備，而權重矣。如兩顴上插高聳，又進一級，舉足輕重，而有安危關係。再有土星圓隆，或地閣上仰，或兩腮方突，此為特貴大貴之格，而有特殊事業也。
The area of the forehead is square, with distinct edges, high and broad. This is exactly in line with the meaning of the terrain of France, which is most important; even if other parts are low and insufficient, it still counts as a noble face structure, capable of achieving remarkable achievements. If it is further accompanied by golden eyes and a fierce look, then it indicates both wisdom and bravery, with great authority. If both cheekbones are high and rise upward toward the temples, it becomes an even higher level, making the person of great importance, relating to the safety of the country. If it is further combined with a round and full nose tip, or a chin that rises upward to meet the face, or square and prominent cheeks, then it is a very noble and extremely noble face structure, capable of achieving special and outstanding achievements.
血印堂陷弱窄小，皆非大富貴之局，雖他部奇特，亦不過中下之貴，衣祿充足，而無驚人事業，亦無大權盛名，又無建樹發明也。加以中嶽尖墜，兩顴低弱，此為風塵流落，駁雜奔馳，雖有才智，而不發達也。如中嶽斷節，顴紋沖破，此為苦工雜役、奴僕下人、倚人度日之格也。法國人之厄牢行，男子以九年為一厄，女子以八年為一厄，但以提後二年及三年為驗。其氣色認定，大體與中國同，細則稍異，推論可也。氣色詳解，錄第三集中。
In reverse, if the印堂 is low, thin, narrow and small (the original text's '血印堂' has '血' as a mistake for '如'), then it is not a pattern of great wealth and high status; even if other parts are peculiar, it would only be of medium or lower status, with sufficient clothing and food but no remarkable achievements, neither great power nor fame, nor any contributions or inventions. If further, the nose is sharp and drooping, and the cheeks are weak, then it is a fate of wandering and a life of disorder and hardship, even with intelligence, it is difficult to succeed. If the middle of the nose bridge is broken and there are markings on the cheeks breaking through, then it is a pattern of working hard labor, serving as a servant, and living by others' means. As for the method of determining bad years for French people: men have an ill year every nine years, women every eight years, but the effect comes two to three years later. The determination of complexion is largely the same as in China, with slight differences in details, which can be inferred accordingly. The detailed explanation of complexion is included in the third volume of this book.
二．英國人：高頎而紫，以兩眉清細修長、高起有稜為第一，口闊腮方為第二，山根高起成王柱為第三，金睛藍烏珠而聚瞳為第四。其它部位奇特，皆是輔佐，關係頗輕，當以前四項為標準。按英人於五大洲均有地土，其它小區別，則從各地山水性質而認定之。茲將各類錄後。
Second, the British. The physical appearance of the British is tall and slender with a tendency towards a purplish skin tone. Observing their facial features, the first feature is the eyebrows which are clear, fine, dense, long, and high with distinct edges. The second is a broad mouth and square cheeks. The third is the 'mountain root' (the upper part of the nose bridge) which is high and straight, extending upward to the forehead forming a 'jade pillar' (the original text mistakenly says 'king pillar', which should be 'jade pillar'). The fourth is eyes that emit a golden glow, with blue pupils that gather together. Other parts of their face, even if they are peculiar, are merely supplementary and of minor importance; the above four features should be taken as the standard. The British have territories in all five continents, and the minor differences between regions should be determined according to the nature of the local mountains and waters. Below is a classification of the various types.
兩眉清細修長，高起有稜，或上豎有勢，有此即貴，而作驚人事業。加以水星闊大、方稜、勻厚、上仰，大貴之格成矣，為國家柱石之臣，卿相之職。再加山根上貫，主大功受爵，裂土封王。如又金睛藍烏珠，主英明多才智，勤能又陰險，上則為帝為王，次則內閣宰輔，其最低下者，亦各首長之格也。
If one's eyebrows are clear, fine, long, high and have a distinct edge, or if the eyebrows stand upward with a commanding appearance, this indicates a noble destiny and the ability to achieve remarkable accomplishments. If this is further accompanied by a broad and square mouth with a distinct edge, even thickness, and a slightly upward-turned mouth corner, then the person possesses a great and noble destiny, capable of becoming a pillar of the state, holding a position of prime minister or chancellor. If the mountain root is also prominent and connects to the heavenly court, it signifies achieving great feats and receiving a noble title and territory, becoming a king. If the eyes also shine with golden light and the pupils appear blue, it indicates wisdom, intelligence, diligence, and deep strategy. The highest level can become an emperor or king, the next level can be a cabinet minister or chancellor, and even the lowest level can attain the rank of a head of a ministry.
兩眉清細修長，高起有稜，金睛藍烏珠，加以水星闊大四字口，或仰月色弓口，此為民政長、吏治樞紐、議院大臣、外交大臣，次則出國領事、臨時公使。其人英敏多才，勇能多智，陰險機巧，以成其功也。兩眉清細修長，上豎有勢，金睛藍烏珠，加以山根高貫伏犀，而成玉柱，此為軍政人材，而握兵柄，軍機大臣、陸軍總長、海軍總長，次則航空司令、要塞司令，已成功之上將侯爵，現任之中將邊鎮。其人剛勇好爭，任勞有恆，冒險成功尤多，有特殊事業也。
The eyebrows are clear, fine, long, and high, with a distinct edge. The eyes have golden light but the pupils are blue. Combined with a broad and square mouth shape, resembling the character "four," or a mouth that curves upward at both corners like an upturned moon or a bent bow — this is the appearance of a civil servant, a central official in administration, a parliamentary minister, or a foreign affairs minister. These people are intelligent, sharp-minded, and talented, brave in taking responsibility, and full of strategy. They also have a secretive and cunning side, which helps them achieve great success. If the eyebrows are clear, fine, long, and rise upward with strength, the eyes have golden light and blue pupils, and the mountain root is high and straight, forming a jade pillar that connects to the "伏犀骨" (a bone resembling a jade pillar) — this is the appearance of a military and political talent. They can hold military power and become a military minister, commander-in-chief of the army, or commander-in-chief of the navy. Those of a slightly lower rank may become an air force commander or a fortress commander. Those who have already achieved success may be awarded the rank of general or a marquess, while those currently in office may be a colonel or a general stationed at the border. These people are passionate, brave, and eager to win. They are willing to endure hardship and have perseverance. They often achieve success through taking risks, and can accomplish unique feats.
兩眉勻細長稜，兩腮椅角成勢，水星方仰，山根高起，土星圓厚，此為財政大臣、財務專員，次則開闢利源、督理關稅。其人慎細機巧，深遠見，而為用也。水星闊大，方厚勻仰，山根高大，金睛藍烏珠，神活潑清充，此為教育總長、司法院長、驚察大臣、交通大臣、工商大臣，勷助政治人材之例，次則高級校長、專門人材、法官律師、牧師縣政，此為中貴下貴，及各過於權。其人明是非，有才智，而出類拔萃占少數也。
Two eyebrows are even, fine, long, and have a distinct edge; the cheeks are spread wide like horns, forming a strong appearance. The mouth is square and upright, the bridge of the nose is high, and the nose is round and thick — this is the appearance of a Finance Minister or a Commissioner of Finance. The next level would be those involved in opening up new sources of revenue and supervising customs duties. Such people are cautious, meticulous, and resourceful, with deep thinking, hence they are used by others. If the mouth is broad, square, and evenly proportioned, with an upward tilt, the bridge of the nose is high and prominent, the eyes have a golden glow, the pupils are blue, and the eyes are lively, clear, and full — this is the appearance of a Minister of Education, Chief Justice, Minister of Police (the original text mistakenly writes 'jīng chá' instead of 'jīng chá' for 'police'), Minister of Transportation, and Minister of Industry and Commerce. These people belong to the category of assistants in politics. The next level would be those serving as senior school principals, specialized talents, judges, lawyers, ministers, or county administrators. This is the medium and lower level of noble character, where the person's reputation exceeds their actual power. Such people are capable of distinguishing right from wrong, possess talent and wisdom, but only a few truly stand out.
水星闊大，方厚勻仰，兩目活潑清充，中嶽長植豐勻，邊城上插高突，此為經濟致富之格，遠商近賈，開闢利源，經營實業，發明物品，作富而不貴論。其人機巧有勝算，貪利任勞怨，智拙不一也。中嶽高長，兩顴上聳，天倉陷而地庫弱，眉短促而口反小，此為工業雜技、小商佃農之格，因勞動而足衣食。如水星稍厚大，方可發達致富。其人巧拙不等，賢愚不一，良莠不齊，勤懈亦不一也。
A broad, square and evenly proportioned face with the upper part elevated, bright and lively eyes, a long and straight nose that is full and well-proportioned, and the bone known as 'biancheng' on the sides of the forehead prominently rising upwards — this is the pattern of someone who becomes wealthy through economic means. They can engage in trade over long distances, open up sources of wealth, run industries, and invent things. This type is rich but not necessarily noble. Such people are resourceful and have no mistakes in their calculations. They are greedy for profit but are also willing to work hard and endure hardships. Among them, some are shrewd while others are clumsy, and they are not all the same. If the nose is high and long, and the cheeks rise upwards, but the 'tiancang' (the corner of the forehead) is low and sunken, and the 'diku' (the sides of the chin) are thin, with short eyebrows and a small mouth — this is the pattern of someone engaged in industry, miscellaneous trades, small-scale business, or tenant farming, earning a living through hard work. Such people can become wealthy if their mouth is slightly thick and large. Among them, some are skillful and some are not, some are wise and some are foolish, some are good and some are bad, and there are both diligent and lazy individuals.
兩眉修長有勢，清細高起有稜，雖他部陷弱，亦可發達。至於事業大小，則又考查山根、水星、目神、兩顴各部。如兩眉合格，則為中貴；如加四字口，或仰月口，則成中上之貴；再加上貫玉柱，則為大貴之局；如目又好，則貴不可言，為當時顯赫，及百代流芳也。
Two eyebrows that are long and strong, clear and high, with sharp edges, even if other parts of the face are low and thin, can still indicate success. As for the scale of one's career, it is necessary to examine further the areas of the mountain root, mouth, eyes, and the two cheekbones. If only the eyebrows are good, it indicates a medium level of wealth and status. If in addition the mouth is either a four-character mouth or an upturned moon mouth, it becomes a higher level of wealth and status. If the mountain root is strong and forms a jade pillar, it indicates a great level of wealth and status. If the eyes are also good, then the status is beyond measure, meaning that one will be prominent in their time and also be remembered for generations.
兩眉短促低弱，口小薄反不勻，山根陷弱，皆非富貴之局，而無驚人事業，亦無留名機會。假定他部奇特，凸突有勢，亦不過充足衣祿而已。如他部平常，或不足，則為風塵流落，挫折勞碌，而無立身之地。再加土星尖露，神驚光濁，肉浮而流，則為苦工雜役、奴僕下人、倚人度日之格也。英國人之厄牢行，大抵與中國同，男子九年為一厄，女子八年為一厄，其傍厄之加數較重，正厄輕而無咎。紋痕氣色，大體則相同，細則又稍異，又以風俗法律推想可也。
The eyebrows are short, abrupt, and drooping, the mouth is small and thin with lips that turn outward unevenly, and the mountain root is low and sunken, thin and weak—these are not the patterns of wealth and honor. One cannot achieve remarkable achievements or have the opportunity to be remembered. Even if other parts of the face are peculiar, prominent, and powerful, they can only ensure sufficient food and clothing. If other parts are ordinary or lacking, then it is a fate of hardship and wandering, with a life full of obstacles and toil, without a stable position. If the nose is sharp, narrow, and exposed, the eyes are startled and the gaze is dull, the muscles are loose and lack strength, then it is the pattern of working hard labor, serving as a servant, and relying on others for a living. As for the method of calculating bad years used by British people, it is largely the same as in China: men have an ill year every nine years, women every eight years. However, the years that are considered secondary are given more weight, while the main ill years are less severe and do not cause great disaster. The interpretation of markings and colors is generally the same, with slight differences in details. One should also refer to local customs and laws for further understanding.
三．美國人：紅紫精幹而堅，有南美北美之分，種族不一，均以地閣上仰朝天、兩腮方突重城為第一，伏犀骨方拱圓突為第二，福堂骨高超三角、上連邊城為第三，蚯蚓盤烏珠、瞳人縮小成聚瞳為第四，其它部位則為附帶之輔佐。茲特詳錄如下。
Third, the Americans. The physical appearance of Americans is characterized by a reddish-purple complexion and a sturdy, compact build. They can be further divided into North Americans and South Americans, and their races are not entirely uniform. When examining their facial features, the first priority is a chin that points upward toward the sky and square, prominent cheeks that resemble overlapping city walls. The second priority is a square, arched, and rounded prominence on the forehead known as the 'Fu Tang bone.' The third priority is a high, triangular prominence on the forehead that connects upward to the 'Bian Cheng.' The fourth priority is white eyes with blood vessels resembling worms coiling around the eyeball and pupils that contract and focus light. Other features are merely supplementary. The following is a detailed breakdown.
地閣凸仰朝天，兩腮方突犄角，有此一點，已成貴局，及作偉大事業。加以伏犀骨高突方拱，則成大貴之格，而操全國安危之柄。再加福堂上插，蚓盤烏珠，則具總統資格，名達九州島，流芳百代。其人英明有決，智勇均備，以成其大功也。
A prominent and upward-facing chin, with the face arching upward toward the sky, and square and prominent cheeks like horns, merely having these features already indicates a noble destiny capable of achieving great accomplishments. If further accompanied by a high, square, and arched ridge bone (伏犀骨), it forms a great nobility destiny, capable of holding the power to control the safety of the entire country. If further combined with a bone called the "Futang bone" (福堂骨) rising upward into the forehead, and blood vessels resembling earthworms winding around the eyeballs, then one possesses the qualifications to become a president, whose reputation spreads throughout the nine provinces and whose name is celebrated for generations. Such people are wise and decisive, possessing both intelligence and courage, and achieving great accomplishments through these qualities.
地閣朝天，兩腮犄角方大，突於耳後，加以伏犀骨方拱圓突，上貫百會之巔，此為民政領袖、吏治樞紐、內閣總理、國務院長，次則國議院長、立法院長、交通部長、外交部長，以及出國領事、臨時公使之例。其人有大志而有恆，有遠見而多才，英明有決，堅固任勞，以成其盛名事業也。
He who has his chin raised upward, with square and broad cheeks protruding backward to the ears, and a prominent, rounded ridge of bone running from the forehead up through the top of the head to the "Baihui" point—is the appearance of a civil leader, central authority of administration, prime minister, and secretary of state. The next level may become a speaker of the national legislature, head of the legislative branch, minister of transportation, minister of foreign affairs, or a consular officer or temporary ambassador abroad. Such people have lofty aspirations and perseverance, broad vision and many talents, are wise and decisive, have firm will and are willing to endure hardship, and achieve great fame through these qualities.
地閣朝天，兩腮犄角方突，加以蚓盤烏珠，瞳人聚銳有威，此為軍政領袖、軍機大師、陸軍總司令、海軍總司令、航空總司令，已成功之大將上將，次則要塞司令、邊鎮司令。其人剛直守信，好勝勇為，堅決任勞，陰險有恆，以成其功用也。
His chin is raised upward, with square and prominent cheeks, and his eyes have blood vessels coiled around the eyeballs like earthworms, while his pupils are sharp and focused, radiating authority — this is the appearance of a military and political leader. Such a person can become a military strategist, commander-in-chief of the land forces, commander-in-chief of the navy, or commander-in-chief of the air force. Those who have already achieved great feats may be granted the rank of grand marshal or marshal, while those of a slightly lower rank may become commanders of important fortresses or border town garrisons. These individuals are upright and honest, competitive yet brave in taking responsibility, decisive and willing to endure hardship. They also possess deep inner strength and perseverance, which enable them to achieve great accomplishments.
地閣朝天，兩腮犄角，加以福堂高起三角，上接邊城，此為財政領袖、財政總長、財務專員，次則開闢財源，督理關稅。其人慣細聰明，機巧正慧，有新思想，收遠效果，以成其功用也。伏犀骨圓拱凸突，中嶽高隆有梁，目凹深而活潑，此為勷助政治人材，縣政市政、教育實業、法官警政、校長牧師，一切中貴下貴，次則名重權輕。其中智巧與愚拙不一，慈良與陰險不一也。
He who arches his chin upward, opens his cheeks like horns, and has a high, triangular forehead that rises to meet the brow bone—this is the appearance of a financial leader, suitable for positions such as Minister of Finance or Commissioner of Finance. Even those of a lower rank may be entrusted with tasks like opening new sources of revenue or overseeing customs duties. Such people are meticulous and intelligent (the original text says "惯细" but should be "慎细"), skillful yet upright and wise, often have new ideas, and can achieve results with long-term benefits. If one has a rounded, arched ridge of bone on the forehead, a high and prominent nose with a bone structure, and deep eye sockets with lively eyes—this is the appearance of someone who assists in politics, suitable for positions such as county magistrate, city administrator, educator, industrialist, judge, police officer, or school principal and pastor. These belong to the middle and lower ranks of the noble type. Those of a lower rank may have great reputation but little real power. Among such people, the intelligent differ from the dull, and the kind-hearted differ from the sly and cruel.
邊城骨有樑上插入山林，下接福堂，三稜角凸起，加以土星圓隆長植，兩顴高突上插，地庫平正朝仰，此為經濟人材，及富有產業、遠商近賈，以及工藝專利，因時發達，作富而不貴論。其人靈巧堅決，持重穩見，作豐衣足食之例。
The bone on the side of the forehead rises upward to meet the "mountain and forest" (the hairline sides), then descends to receive the fortune hall. Three sharp angles are clearly prominent. Additionally, the nose is round and full, the nose bridge is long and straight, and the cheekbones are high and protruding upward. The "earth warehouse" is flat and rises upward in an arched manner. This is the appearance of a person with economic talent, capable of possessing substantial wealth, engaging in business both near and far, or relying on craftsmanship and patents to prosper with the times. They belong to the category of being rich but not noble. Such people are skillful and decisive, steady in character, and have sound judgment, making them typical examples of those who enjoy a comfortable and sufficient life.
地閣尖削而陷弱，南嶽窄小而低凹，兩目呆滯而神定，福堂平而不起稜，此為勞工雜役，依人度日。再加肉浮而流，中嶽尖露，天倉地庫沖陷，此為飄流無依，挫折耗散，衣祿欠缺，勞苦下賤之流。其人愚拙而貪妄，輕浮而顛倒，以及聰明自誤，惑於偏邪，而用之不正也。
The chin is sharp and low, thin and weak; the forehead, or "South Mountain," is narrow and low, sunken. The eyes are dull and lifeless, and the forehead is flat without any distinct edges — this is the appearance of someone who will work hard labor and depend on others for a living. If furthermore the muscles are loose and flowing, the nose is sharp and exposed, and both the Heavenly Granary and Earth Store are eroded and damaged, then this person will be one who is homeless, constantly meets with setbacks, loses family wealth, and lacks sufficient food and clothing. Such people may be either dull-witted and greedy, or superficial and careless in their actions. Some may have been intelligent but have ruined themselves through their own mistakes, being misled by improper ways and using their intelligence in improper ways.
地閣豐隆凸突朝天，兩腮犄角方突，有此即為大貴；再加伏犀骨圓拱方隆，則為驚人事業；加以兩目玄黃，蚓盤烏珠，瞳人縮小，則具元首總統資格，握一國安危之柄，及流芳百代也。美國人之厄年行，大體與中國同，男子以九年為一厄，女於以八年為一厄，但多以提前二年之應證厄為重，傍厄加數均輕。其氣色之大體，亦與中國相同，惟紅紫二色容易混亂也。
The lower jaw is full and prominent, protruding upward, with the two cheeks having square and prominent corners; if this is present, it indicates great fortune. If further accompanied by a rounded and arched伏犀 bone, one can achieve remarkable achievements. If, in addition, the eyes are clearly black and white with a hint of玄黄 color, with blood vessels resembling earthworms winding around the eyeballs and the pupils contracting to focus light, then one possesses the qualifications of a supreme leader, capable of holding the power to govern the safety and stability of a country, and achieving fame that endures for generations. As for the method of determining the unlucky years for Americans, it is largely the same as in China: men face an unlucky year every nine years, while women face one every eight years. However, the one that occurs two years earlier is considered most significant, while the other accompanying unlucky years carry less weight. The major points of complexion are also similar to those in China, except that the colors red and purple are most easily confused and require careful distinction.
四．德國人：高隆堅露而方白，以兩顴上插高聳入玉堂為第一，兩目細長上豎、玄黃有威煞為第二，華蓋骨長橫過邊城為第三，兩耳長厚貼輪垂珠、兩眉平長上豎有勢為第四，其它部位皆附帶之輔佐，而無足輕重也。茲將各類分別如下。
Fourth, the Germans. The physical features of Germans are characterized by high, hard, and prominent bones that are visible, square facial features, and pale skin. When observing their physiognomy, the first feature is the two cheekbones rising upward and piercing into the 'Jade Hall' (the area in the middle of the forehead). The second feature is the eyes being long and narrow with upward-slanting corners, and black eyes with a yellowish tint that display a commanding and fierce spirit. The third feature is the 'Huagai bone' being long and horizontal, extending over the 'Biancheng'. The fourth feature is the ears being long and thick, with the ear lobes closely attached to the head and having hanging pearls, and the eyebrows being level and long, rising upward with a sense of power and气势. Other parts are merely auxiliary and not significant. The following is a classification and enumeration.
兩顴高聳上插玉堂，下近魚尾，有此即能貴名，而作驚人事業。加以兩日長豎，烏珠玄黃，銳光有威煞，則操全國安危大權。再加垂蓋骨長橫，輔角骨高起，則具元首總統資格，次則內閣總理大元帥之例。如兩耳長大垂珠，兩眉長豎有威，則有遠大思想，特別英明，而流芳百代也。
Both cheekbones are high and rise upward to the Jade Hall, descending closely toward the "fish tail" (the outer side of the eye corner). Having this feature alone can bring fame and achieve remarkable accomplishments. If further, the eyes are narrow and long with upward slanting eyelashes, the pupils are dark with a yellowish tinge, and the gaze is sharp and commanding, then one can take charge of the nation's security and stability. If there is also a long and prominent "Huagui bone" and a high "Fujiao bone," then one is qualified to be a head of state, and even the next level would be a prime minister or a great general. If, in addition, the ears are long and large with hanging lobes, and the eyebrows are long and upright with a commanding presence, then one's thoughts are far-reaching and exceptionally wise, capable of being remembered for generations.
兩顴高聳上插玉堂，下近魚尾，加以兩目長豎，烏珠玄黃清充，此為政治人材、民政領袖、內閣總理、國議院長，次則外交部長、交通部長、立法院長、教育部長，又次則為出國領事、臨時公使。其人英明而勇，堅決而剛，堅忍耐勞，持久有恆也。
Both cheekbones are high and rise upward to the Jade Hall, descending closely toward the fish tail, and further enhanced by long, upward-slanting eyes with dark, yellowish pupils that are clear and full — this is the appearance of a political talent, capable of serving as a civil affairs leader, cabinet prime minister, or parliament speaker. The next level can serve as foreign minister, transportation minister, legislative chairman, or education minister. The next level still can be an overseas consul or temporary ambassador. Such people are wise and courageous, with firm decisions and a strong character. They are able to endure hardship, persist in their work, and have perseverance.
兩顴高突上插玉堂，下近魚尾，加以華蓋骨長橫，輔角骨圓拱，此為軍政人材、軍機大元帥、陸軍總司令、海軍總司令、航空總司令，已成功之大將上將，次則要塞司令、邊鎮司令、衛戍司令之例。其人任勞有恆，堅決勇為，剛燥好勝，以成其功用也。
Both the cheeks are high and prominent, with the Jade Hall extending upward and approaching the fish tail. Additionally, the Huagai bone is long and horizontal, and the Fu angle bone is round and arched — this is the appearance of a military and political talent. Such a person can hold positions such as Grand Military Commander, Chief of the Army, Chief of the Navy, and Chief of the Air Force. Those who have already achieved success may be granted the rank of Grand General or Senior General, while those of a slightly lower rank may become Commanders of Fortresses, Border Towns, or Garrison Commanders. These individuals are willing to endure hardship and have perseverance. Their decisions are firm, and they are brave in taking responsibility. Their temperaments are fiery, impetuous, and competitive, and they achieve their accomplishments through these traits.
兩顴上突入邊城，下近魚尾，加以兩耳垂珠而長大，兩眉細長上豎，此為財政人材、財政總長、財務專員，次則開闢利源、督理關稅、創辦實業之例。其人明敏多才，查隱知微，遠見貪功，任勞穩見也。兩目長豎而清，烏珠玄蚓而充，加以華蓋骨長橫，兩耳垂珠，兩眉長拂，此為教育人材、文化大家、哲學博士，以及司法律師、警察官佐、縣治市政，一切勷助政治人物，中下之貴也。其人賢愚不等，巧拙不一，皆具中常智識也。
The two cheekbones are prominent, rising upward and extending toward the temples, while descending toward the inner corners of the eyes. Combined with long ears that have hanging lobes and eyebrows that are fine, long, and upright, this is the appearance of a person with talent in finance. Such a person can serve as Minister of Finance or Financial Officer, and even if slightly less capable, can still manage tasks like opening new revenue sources, supervising customs duties, or establishing industries. These individuals are intelligent, quick-witted, and multi-talented, skilled at observing subtle details and foreseeing things from small signs. They have a long-range vision, are enthusiastic about achieving accomplishments, are willing to endure hardships, and have steady judgment. If the eyes are narrow, long, and upward-slanting with clear gaze, the pupils are dark and bright, the whites of the eyes have red veins resembling worms, and the spirit is full and vigorous, combined with a long and horizontal "Hua Gai Bone" (a bone on the head), hanging earlobes, and eyebrows that are long and spread out, this is the appearance of a person with talent in education, culture, or philosophy. Such a person can also serve as a lawyer in the judiciary, an officer in the police force, or an administrative official at the county or city level. These are all people who assist in politics, belonging to the middle or lower ranks of the noble class. People of this type vary in wisdom and skill, but generally possess average or ordinary insight.
輔角骨高起，天倉豐滿，水星闊仰，地庫厚朝，兩耳垂珠，兩眉修長，此為富而不貴，享受餘業，經濟利源，以及遠商近賈，工業技藝，因時而發達之格，具有通常智識，機巧任勞，穩見有恆也。兩觀平小下墜，或紋痕沖破，雖他部奇特，亦不過中下之貴，而作尋常事業。如兩目短矩圓，烏珠小淡，華蓋不起，此為勞碌奔馳、挫折失業；再加眉短低促，耳小短弱，則為風塵無依、衣祿不足，次則勞工舌役、奴僕下人之格也。
The auxiliary angles are high, the Heavenly Granary is full, the mouth is wide and upwardly turned, the Earth Store is thick and upwardly supporting, both ears have hanging pearls, and both eyebrows are long and well-shaped — this is the appearance of someone who is rich but not noble: he can inherit the remaining property of his ancestors, manage wealth, or engage in business, industry, or craftsmanship, and prosper according to the times. Such a person has common sense, is shrewd and willing to work hard, has steady insight and perseverance. If the two cheekbones are flat and small, or if they are drooping (the original text mistakenly says 'two views' instead of 'two cheekbones'), or if they are cut by wrinkles, then even if other parts are peculiar, he can only be of medium or lower rank in nobility, and can only engage in ordinary occupations. If the eyes are short and shapeless, with small and pale pupils, and the bone above the forehead is not prominent, then he will be hardworking and often meet with setbacks and unemployment; if further accompanied by short and low eyebrows and small, thin ears, he will have a life of wandering without a home, insufficient livelihood, and even worse, he will be of the rank of laborers or servants.
兩顴高聳上插玉堂，下近魚尾，有此足可發達，離他部陷弱，亦作驚人事業。再加兩目長豎，玄明充聚，更進名級。如華蓋長橫，則有全國安危權柄。如兩耳垂珠而長大，兩眉修長而上豎，則英敏過人，志向遠大，而作非常事業，流芳千古也。德國人之厄牢行，與中國稍異，男子以七年為一厄，女子以六年為一厄。至於九年之厄，皆發達之期，又以加數之傍厄為刑剋破敗也。其氣色之吉凶，大體與中國同。
If both cheekbones are high and rise up to the Jade Hall, and descend close to the fish tail, this alone is sufficient for success and prosperity. Even if other parts are low and thin, one can still achieve remarkable achievements. If in addition the eyes are long and slant upwards, with bright black pupils and concentrated spirit, the person's status will rise even further. If the Huagui bone is long and horizontal, they will hold power concerning the safety of the entire country. If the ears are large and long with hanging pearls, and the eyebrows are long and upright, then the person will be exceptionally intelligent, with great ambitions, capable of achieving extraordinary feats and leaving a lasting legacy. As for the German method of calculating bad years, it differs slightly from China's: men have a bad year every seven years, and women every six years. The nine-year cycle in Germany is actually a period of success and prosperity. The so-called "side bad years" calculated by the Five Phases theory, however, are the ones that bring misfortune, calamity, and decline. The auspicious or inauspicious signs indicated by complexion and color are largely the same as in China.
五．俄國人：高大敦厚，以五嶽高突如峰、骨倍於肉為第一，水星闊大斂角上仰為第二，兩目長大灰藍、神充聚而威煞為第三，山根高起貫印為第四，其它皆輔佐部，無足輕重也。茲特分類如下。五嶽高突如峰，敦厚雄大，骨過於肉，有此即為大貴之局。加以水星闊大斂角上仰，此為大貴而操國柄，及作驚人事業。再加兩目長大，烏珠藍明，神充有威煞，山根高起貫印，此為貴不可言，立身後盛名，具有全國首長資格，次亦特別重心人物。其人剛勇果敢，任勞務功，堅決勤能，持久有恆也。
Fifth, Russians. The physical appearance of Russians is tall and solidly built. Looking at their faces, the first level, the "Five Mountains" (forehead, chin, nose, and both cheekbones), are high and prominent like mountain peaks, with bones heavier than flesh. The second level is a broad mouth with lips that converge upward. The third level is large eyes with gray-blue pupils, full and concentrated eyes that carry a commanding look. The fourth level is a high bridge of the nose connecting to the forehead. Other features are merely supplementary and not significant. Below is a specific classification and listing. The Five Mountains being high and prominent like mountain peaks, solid and majestic, with bones surpassing flesh, indicates a great and noble destiny. If this is combined with a broad mouth and lips that converge upward, it signifies a great and noble destiny with the ability to hold power and achieve remarkable achievements. If further combined with large eyes, gray-blue and bright pupils, full and commanding eyes, and a high bridge of the nose connecting to the forehead, then the person is of unparalleled nobility, capable of establishing a lasting legacy and possessing the qualifications of a national leader. Even the next level is a person of national significance. Such people are strong, brave, and resolute, willing to endure hardship, seeking practical results, firm in decision-making, diligent, and persistent in their work.
五嶽高突如峰，敦厚雄大，骨過於肉，加以水星闊大，斂角上仰，此為政治人物、行政首長、黨務領袖，次則外交主任、交通主任、農工主任、司法主任、財政主任，又次則出國領事、臨時大使之例。其人英明多才，智勇雙全，志大任勞，堅忍持久也。
The Five Mountains appear high and sharp like peaks, solid and imposing, with bones prominent over flesh. Combined with a broad mouth shape and lips that converge upward, this is the facial appearance of a political leader, suitable for positions as head of administration, party leader, or next in rank for roles in foreign affairs, transportation, agriculture, industry, justice, and finance. Those of a lower rank may serve as consuls abroad or temporary ambassadors. Such individuals are intelligent and versatile, possessing both wisdom and courage, with grand aspirations and a willingness to endure hardship, capable of perseverance and endurance. It is evident that when the Five Mountains and the mouth are properly formed in Russians, they can excel in both civil and military fields.
五嶽高突如峰，敦厚雄大，骨倍於肉，加以兩目藍烏珠，神充有威煞，此為軍政人材、全國軍事首長、陸軍總司令、海軍總司令、航空總司令，次則要塞司令、邊鎮司令之例。其人剛直勇悍，任勞務功，好勝涉險，勤能自恃，以成其功用也。
The Five Mountains are tall and sharp like peaks, solid and massive, with strong bones far exceeding the flesh. Their eyes are blue and full, with a commanding gaze—this is the appearance of a military and political talent. Such a person can become the national military leader, commander-in-chief of the army, navy, or air force. Even the next level can be a fortress commander or border garrison commander. These people are upright and honest, brave and fierce, willing to endure hardship, seeking practical achievements, competitive, daring to take risks, diligent and capable, and confident in their abilities. They achieve their accomplishments through these qualities.
五嶽高突如峰，骨倍於肉，加以山根高起貫印，印堂骨長橫，此為財政人物、財政首長、財務專員，次則開闢利源、督理關稅、創辦實業，以及會計全國金融、預革新生產之格也。水星闊大斂斂角，北嶽方突朝仰，兩目藍睛神清充足，此為上智中智、勷助政治人材、文化大家、高等技師、教育職員、司法官佐、縣政警務、市政鐵道之類。其人巧拙不一，優劣不等也。
The Five Mountains appear high and sharp like peaks, with bones more prominent than flesh. If the mountain root is high and rises upward to connect with the forehead, and the bone across the forehead is long and horizontal—this is the appearance of a person related to finance. Such a person can hold positions as a chief financial officer or financial specialist. Those of the next level can manage opening new sources of revenue, supervising customs duties, establishing industries, and overseeing the national financial and accounting systems, as well as planning production reforms. If the mouth is broad but the corners are inwardly drawn, and the lower jaw (North Mountain) is square and prominent, pointing upward toward the forehead, with blue eyes and clear, full gaze—this indicates a person of superior or medium intelligence, suitable for assisting in politics. Such individuals can become cultural celebrities, senior technicians, educational staff, judicial assistants, or hold positions in county-level administration, police, municipal affairs, and railway management. These people vary in skill and quality, with uneven levels of ability.
土星高起圓隆，兩顴上插敦厚，兩眉細長有稜，印堂窄小紋沖，此為遠商近賈、工業枝藝，因時能進展，衣食有盈餘，具有通常智識也。五嶽平小不拱，肉多而浮，雖他部奇特，亦不過中下之貴。加以口小唇紋，目小神呆，此為挫折無成、流離辛苦之格；再加山根陷弱，印堂窄紋，此為衣食不足、困苦受制，以及苦工賤役、奴僕下人。其人愚魯而拙，常識不充，或有聰明市自悞也。俄國人之厄年行，男子以九年為一厄，女子以八年為一厄，而加數之傍厄較重。其氣色之吉凶，大體與中國同。
The nose is high and round, the cheeks are prominent and thick, the eyebrows are fine and long with clear edges, and the area between the eyebrows is narrow with markings crossing over — this is the appearance of someone engaged in trade, commerce, or industrial skills, capable of adapting to changing circumstances and achieving progress. They will have surplus food and clothing and possess ordinary common sense. If the Five Mountains are flat, low, and not raised, and the skin and flesh are loose and flabby, then even if other parts are peculiar, they will only be of medium or lower status. If further features such as a small mouth with many lines on the lips, small eyes with a dull expression appear, this indicates repeated setbacks, failure in all endeavors, and a life of hardship and wandering. If the bridge of the nose is low and thin, and the area between the eyebrows is narrow with markings, then they will have insufficient food and clothing, suffer from hardship and be controlled by others, eventually becoming laborers or servants. Such people are dull and clumsy, lacking common sense; some are originally intelligent but have ruined themselves. As for the method of calculating the years of misfortune for Russians: men face misfortune every nine years, women every eight years, and the additional misfortunes calculated according to the Five Phases are more significant. The auspicious or inauspicious signs indicated by complexion are generally the same as in China.
六．日本國人：清秀白潤，以神清有威煞、蚯蚓盤烏珠為第一，兩顴高聳上插入邊城為第二，兩眉修長上豎有威為第三，土星植隆、口闊腮方為第四，其它皆輔佐部位，無足輕重也。茲特分類如下。兩目長大上豎，玄清有威煞，蚯蚓盤烏珠，有此即可貴名，而作驚人事業。加以兩顴高聳，上插邊城，此為大貴盛名，而操國柄。再加兩眉修長，上豎有威，此為公侯將相之格。再加土星植隆，口闊腮方，此為帝王之格，及百代流芳之事業也。
Sixth, the Japanese. The physical features of the Japanese are clear and delicate, with fair and smooth skin. Observing their faces, the first feature is clear eyes with a commanding look, and the white part of the eyes has blood vessels resembling earthworms coiling around the pupil. The second feature is high cheekbones rising upward to the temples. The third feature is long, upright eyebrows with a commanding presence. The fourth feature is a straight and prominent nose, broad mouth, and square cheeks. The rest of the features are merely supplementary and not significant. Below is a specific classification and listing. Large eyes with upward-slanting corners, bright and clear pupils with a commanding spirit, and blood vessels in the white part of the eyes resembling earthworms coiling around the pupil; possessing this feature alone can bring fame and achieve remarkable achievements. If further accompanied by high cheekbones rising upward to the temples, it indicates great fortune and widespread renown, with the ability to hold power over the country. If additionally the eyebrows are long and upright with a commanding presence, it indicates the pattern of a marquis, general, or high-ranking official. If further matched with a straight and prominent nose, broad mouth, and square cheeks, it indicates the pattern of an emperor, capable of achieving a lasting legacy.
兩日長大上豎，玄清有威煞，蚓盤烏珠，加以兩顴高聳，上插邊城，此為政治人材、民政首長、內閣總理，又次為內務省、外交省各首長之格。其人英明陰險，機巧不測，深任勞，好勝貪功也。兩目長大，玄明有威煞，蚓盤烏珠，加以兩眉修長，上豎有勢，此為軍政人材、陸軍省、海軍省，次則航空司令、要塞司令，已成功之大將上將。其人剛勇好爭，貪功務名，負氣冒險，任勞有恆也。
Two eyes long and upward slanting (the original text mistakenly says 'two suns' instead of 'two eyes'), with dark, bright, and clear pupils that carry a commanding spirit, and white of the eye with blood vessels winding around the pupil; combined with high cheekbones and prominent temples — this is the appearance of a political leader, capable of serving as a chief administrator of civil affairs or prime minister. Even the next level can be leaders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Such people are intelligent yet somewhat dark in temperament, shrewd and hard to read, with deep inner resolve and willing to endure hardship. They are ambitious, eager to compete and achieve success. Two eyes long and upward slanting, with dark, bright, and clear pupils that carry a commanding spirit, and white of the eye with blood vessels winding around the pupil; combined with long and upward-pointing eyebrows that project a strong presence — this is the appearance of a military and political leader, capable of commanding the Army Ministry or Navy Ministry. Even the next level can be commanders of air forces or fortress commanders, and those who have achieved success can be promoted to grand marshal or marshal. Such people are strong-willed and brave, eager for military achievements and fame, impulsive yet willing to take risks, willing to endure hardship and persistent.
兩目長大玄明有威，加以土星豐隆，口闊腮方，此為財政大臣之藏相、警察大臣、出國領事、臨時大使，次則督理關稅，開闢利源。其人機巧奸詐，慎細深，具有中上才智，深通各國情形也。兩顴高突近魚尾，加以兩眉秀細修長，土星圓隆，口闊腮力，此為勷助政治人物、教育人材、哲學博士、縣治市政、司法律師，一切中下之貴。其人巧拙不等，良莠不一，具有通常才智也。
A person with large eyes, dark and bright pupils full of authority, a full and prominent nose, a broad mouth and square cheeks—this is the appearance of a finance minister (called 'Zangxiang' in Japan), police minister, consul abroad, or temporary ambassador. Those of the next level may be in charge of customs, opening up financial resources. Such people are shrewd and cunning, cautious and meticulous, with deep inner thoughts, possessing medium to high intelligence and a thorough understanding of foreign countries. If the two cheekbones are high and close to the corners of the eyes, and the eyebrows are fine, long, and well-shaped, with a round and prominent nose, broad mouth and strong cheeks—this is the appearance of someone who assists in politics, suitable for educational talents, philosophers, or county and city administrators and lawyers. These all belong to the middle to lower level of noble appearance. Such people vary in skill and quality, possessing ordinary intelligence.
兩眉細長，福堂高稜，土星圓齊，口勻厚仰，地庫方隆，此為經濟大家、銀行人材，以及遠商近賈、工業技藝，因時發達，衣食充足，又進田宅，富而不貴之格。其人聰明任勞，機巧狡詐，深遠見也。兩目濁淡流光，兩顴低小，兩眉短促，土星尖墜，水星小反，此為勞工苦役、奴僕下人、衣食不充、依人度日之格。其人巧拙不一，虛浮不定也。日本國人之厄年行，男子九年一厄，女子八年一厄，亦有加數傍厄，但以提前之應證厄為用居多，氣清故也。其氣色吉凶，完全與中國同。
A person with fine and long eyebrows, a high and prominent bone in the forehead, a round and well-shaped nose, a uniform and thick mouth that is slightly upward, and a square and elevated area beneath the nose is the facial appearance of a person who will become a financial expert or a banker. Such a person can engage in business, industry, or craftsmanship, and can prosper according to the times, enjoying sufficient food and clothing, and even acquiring land and property. This is a pattern of being rich but not noble. Such people are intelligent and willing to work hard, with cleverness mixed with cunning, and deep thinking. On the other hand, a person with dull and pale eyes that lack focus, low and small cheekbones, short eyebrows, a sharp and downward-pointing nose, and a small mouth with lips that turn outward is the facial appearance of someone who will work hard labor, serve as a servant, and have insufficient food and clothing, relying on others for survival. Such people may have both skill and clumsiness, but they share the common trait of being mentally unstable and fickle. Regarding the method of determining bad years for Japanese people: men face a bad year every nine years, and women every eight years. There are also additional bad years calculated according to the Five Phases, but usually the earlier one is used for prediction, because Japanese people have a clear constitution. The auspicious or inauspicious signs indicated by complexion are the same as in China.
公篤曰：西人之相，大體如上論，亦有相連之國，以此類推可也。餘以其人事實，又據多數像片考查，參合而定也。他日餘能遊歷，另補細則。至於寒帶之人，形質與精神有餘，而氣色不足；熱帶之人，精神與氣色不足，而形質有餘。故寒帶之人多壽，而入較遲；熱帶之人多夭，而暫較早。
Chen Gongdu said: The physical characteristics of people from Western countries are generally as discussed above; there are also neighboring countries to these, which can be similarly inferred. My conclusions are based on actual deeds of these people, combined with extensive examination of photographs, and verified through cross-referencing. If I have the opportunity to travel personally in the future, I will add more detailed descriptions. As for differences in climate zones: people from the frigid zone have ample physique and spirit, but lack vitality; people from the tropical zone lack vitality and spirit, but have ample physique. Therefore, people from the frigid zone tend to live longer and age more slowly; people from the tropical zone tend to have shorter lifespans and age more quickly.
溫帶之人，精神與氣色有餘，而形質不足，則盛世多壽，而平穩持久；亂世多夭，而暴發多變。故用相法，先查其何形體，次查其何地形，分其氣候之寒熱，取其主客之衰旺，自容易分別其貴賤，知其貧富，定其壽夭也。
People in the temperate zone have sufficient spirit and color, but their physical form is somewhat lacking. Therefore, in times of peace, they tend to live long lives, with a steady and enduring existence; but in times of chaos, they are more likely to die young, and even if they become successful, it tends to be sudden and changeable. Therefore, when using physiognomy, one should first determine which physical type (metal, wood, water, fire, earth) the person belongs to, then examine the type of terrain they reside in, assess the cold or heat of the local climate, and balance the strength of the 'main' (the person's inherent constitution) and the 'guest' (the environmental influences of water and soil). In this way, it becomes easy to distinguish their status, know their wealth or poverty, and determine their lifespan.