Explanation of the Eyebrow Features

公篤曰：眉為文采之官，禮義出焉，內應肺脈之正繫，肺主憂思，故有愁眉不展之說。然有連帶關係，即名壽，及外財庫、子女宮也，不是專應弟兄。茲特分類如下。一．眉之前半節，均名凌雲，而關係弟兄宮，以清秀疎勻、柔細順生為合格。凡人享大名，有大志，及大壽，皆以此為定論。如逆生者，主弟兄忤逆，失輔而又失睦也。

Chen Gongdu said: eyebrows are the "official of literary grace," from which a person's demeanor of propriety and righteousness is revealed. Within the body, they correspond to the lung meridian system, and since the lung governs worry and thought, there is the saying "worried eyebrows are not spread out." However, eyebrows are also connected to other matters, namely reputation, longevity, the "external treasure house," and the children's palace, not only relating to the brothers' palace. Below is a detailed explanation. First, the front half of the eyebrows is generally called "Lingyun," relating to the brothers' palace. This section is considered good if the eyebrows are clear, elegant, evenly spaced, fine in texture, and grow in one direction. Those who can attain great fame, have great aspirations, and enjoy long life are judged based on this section. If the eyebrows in this section grow in the opposite direction, it indicates that the brothers will be rebellious and uncooperative, neither providing support nor being harmonious with each other.

二．眉之後半節，均名繁霞，而關係子女宮，及外財庫。如後半節高超有勢，亦為貴名而重權也；如後半節環曲秀細，亦為旺子而多女也。三．眉頭之初，左為羅侯曜，右為計都曜，完全關係弟兄宮。如有紋沖，左刑兄姊，右刑弟妹，亦主吐血，及痣漏也；如有曲紋，主弟兄凶死，或悞死一人也。

Second, the lower part of the eyebrows is collectively called "Fan Xia," which relates to the children's palace and the "external wealth store." If this part is high and prominent, it indicates a person who enjoys a prestigious reputation and holds significant power. If this part is curved into a ring and delicate, it suggests many sons and daughters. Third, the starting point of the eyebrows, on the left is called "Luo Hou Yao," and on the right is called "Ji Du Yao" (the original text refers to "Luo Hou" as Luo Hou, derived from the nine bright stars in star divination). This is entirely related to the brothers' palace. If there are markings breaking through here, the left side indicates possible harm to the elder brother or elder sister, while the right side indicates harm to the younger brother or younger sister. It may also indicate symptoms such as coughing up blood and hemorrhoids. If there are curved markings here, it suggests that someone among the brothers may die an untimely death or that one person may die unexpectedly.

四．眉尾之骨，斜橫上一指，即名福堂，主外財庫，而發達異鄉，於桑梓見破也。如福堂骨高超，則進外財庫，而進田宅，亦為有壽徵也。五．眉頭上半指常動處，名曰上勾陳，關乎正當略，直接交涉而有思慮也。如動而不靜，則方寸亂而不定，有憂思不決之態，亦關公文函電之消息往來，以及重要之遠因近因及條約結合之類也。

Fourth, the bone at the end of the eyebrows, which runs obliquely upward for a finger's width, is called the 'Fu Tang' bone, which governs 'external wealth storage'. It indicates success when leaving one's hometown and prosperity away from one's native land, while the native place may be in decline. If the Fu Tang bone is high and prominent, it signifies abundant external wealth, allowing the purchase of land and houses, and also indicates longevity. Fifth, the area half a finger above the eyebrows, which usually tends to twitch, is called the 'Shang Gou Chen'. It relates to serious planning and considerations in direct dealings with others. If this area keeps twitching and does not settle down, it indicates that the person's mind is confused and indecisive, appearing anxious and unable to make a decision. This area also relates to the exchange of official documents, letters, and telegrams, as well as the causes of major events, both distant and near, and matters concerning treaties and alliances.

六．凡眉之下，名曰三陽，即太陽、中陽、少陽也，主壽徵之一部，及子女之一部。故三陽高超者，主大壽；三陽豐滿者，主多子；三陽坑陷者，刑子女；三陽有晦暗枯滯各色，一主瘟疫時疾怪病，一主喪品結怨冷退。七．凡眉尾之成三角式，均名眉稜，即外庫之流通財，及壽，又關骨肉血統戚。每有毫露出，即有瓜葛親血統戚之為累；如有紅燥色，主官訟是非也。

Sixth, the area below the eyebrows is called 'San Yang' (Three Yangs), which is specifically divided into three parts: 'Tai Yang' (Sun Yang), 'Zhong Yang' (Middle Yang), and 'Shao Yang' (Less Yang). These areas are related to parts of longevity and children. Therefore, if the San Yang is high and prominent, it indicates a long life; if it is full and round, it suggests having many sons; if it is sunken, it indicates harm to children. If the San Yang shows dull, dry, or stagnant colors, it indicates either an outbreak of plague, seasonal illness, or strange disease, or that there will be a funeral in the family, disputes with others, or a decline in circumstances. Seventh, the bone at the end of the eyebrows forming a triangular shape is generally called 'Mei Ling' (Eyebrow Ridge). It governs external wealth, also longevity, and relations with close family and relatives. If long hairs appear and are exposed here, it indicates that a relative by blood will come to burden him. If this area shows red and dry coloration, it indicates involvement in lawsuits or causing trouble.

以上七個部位，為眉之正當關係，及附帶關係，則知範圍，明其主因。再分形式如下。一．長眉：長眉者，修長有勢也。古人謂眉長，主昆仲貴而多，又得輔佐也。如長入鬢，則成王霸之大貴，次亦割據一方，主英明智勇，名高權重，蜀人尤重之。

The above seven parts discuss the main and secondary relationships of eyebrows; understanding them makes it clear how extensive the scope of observing eyebrows is, and also clarifies the main causes of their corresponding outcomes. Now I will explain according to the shape of the eyebrows. The first type is called "long eyebrows."the so-called long eyebrows means eyebrows that are long and have a strong appearance. Ancient people said that those with long eyebrows have brothers who are both prosperous and numerous, and can receive their assistance. If the eyebrows are long enough to reach the hairline at the temples, then it indicates a great fortune of imperial and hegemonic power; the next best case is being able to control a region. Such people are wise and brave, with high reputation and great authority. The fortune readers from Sichuan particularly value this type.

二．豎眉：豎眉者，上插有威，即劍眉之謂也。多主武貴，而威權萬里，名垂竹帛，即古之名將儒將也。盛世為師為爵，亂世則超出師旅而上也。三．秀眉：秀眉者，清秀可愛之謂也，前後疎勻而含彩。主聰明智慧，及有特別穎悟，專長技藝，以及美術文學，多文貴，及教育司法、文化政治之例，及文章鳴世。

The second type is called "vertical eyebrows."the so-called vertical eyebrows means eyebrows that slope upward with a fierce appearance, which is commonly referred to as "sword eyebrows." This type of eyebrows often indicates a person who holds a military position of high rank, possesses great authority that can extend over thousands of miles, and has their name recorded in history. They are typically famous generals or scholars with military prowess from ancient times. In a peaceful era, they can lead an army and be granted a title of nobility; in a chaotic era, they hold a position above a military unit. The third type is called "delicate eyebrows."the so-called delicate eyebrows means eyebrows that are clear, beautiful, and可爱, with even spacing and hair that shines with a luster. Such people are intelligent and wise, possess special insight, or specialize in a particular skill, or achieve success in the arts or literature. They usually attain high positions in civil service and often excel in fields such as education, law, culture, and politics. Some become famous through their writings and literary works.

四．細眉：細眉者，清細疎勻也。大凡眉以柔細為佳，主平安清閒而少累，並且豐衣足食，妻賢子孝，既無內顧之憂，又無外欺之患也。五．柔眉：柔細之眉，不粗不燥也。主性情和平，志識遠大，一生多享福，及少六親之累，而為得心應手，事實行止順遂，而無障礙也。

The fourth type is called "Fine Brows."the so-called fine brows means eyebrows that are light, delicate, and evenly distributed. In general, eyebrows that are soft and fine are considered good, indicating a life of safety, ease, and few troubles, with sufficient food and clothing, a virtuous wife, and filial sons. There are no worries at home and no troubles from others outside. The fifth type is called "Soft Brows."the so-called soft brows means eyebrows that are soft and fine, neither coarse nor restless. The person has a peaceful disposition, broad aspirations and insight, enjoys much happiness in life, and has little trouble from the six relations. Everything goes smoothly, with no obstacles.

六．粗眉：粗眉者，粗燥而不柔細也。主平生多憂慮，事實多勞怨，內務有顧忌之糾纏，外務多仇怒之嫌嫉，恩中成仇，親者反疎，平生難遂，富貴貧賤皆然。七．直眉：直眉者，平橫一字也。亂世多主武貴，而刑傷子女，有三妻四妾，而成附骨疽。然操兵柄，進田宅，多上貴中貴之階級，雖文職亦領武權也。

The sixth type is called "Cū Méi" (thick eyebrows).the so-called thick eyebrows means the eyebrows are coarse, hard, and restless, lacking softness. The person will have a life full of worries, efforts that yield no results, and constant blame from others. Within the family, there are many worries and entanglements, while outside, they often provoke hatred and enmity. They may do good deeds but end up with enemies, and those who were once close may become distant. Throughout their life, they rarely find peace, whether they are rich or poor. The seventh type is called "Zhí Méi" (straight eyebrows).the so-called straight eyebrows means the eyebrows are flat and horizontal, forming the shape of the character "一" (one). This type of eyebrows often indicates a military or high-ranking official position in times of chaos, but they may suffer from injuries to their children, have multiple wives, and suffer from malignant sores such as bone-attached abscesses. However, they can hold military power, establish property and land, and usually attain a high or middle-ranking status. Even if they hold a civil post, they will still wield military authority.

八．曲眉：曲眉者，彎曲而如新月也。盛衰均主文貴，又主子女多，而且貴能，紹箕裘，又繩祖武也。故麻衣法云：眉愛曲兮最忌直也。九．潤眉：潤眉者，清潤而有光彩也，即不枯不燥之謂。主貴名大噪，轟傳一世，又主壽徵豐祿，清閒順遂，前途平安通達，為多成也。

The eighth type is called 「Curved Brows」. Curved brows refer to eyebrows that are curved like a new moon. Such eyebrows indicate a person who will hold an official position in both prosperous and chaotic times, and also signify many children, each of whom will be capable and prominent, able to inherit their father's business and continue along the path of their ancestors. Therefore, the Ma Yi method of physiognomy says: eyebrows should be curved, and it is most undesirable for them to be straight. The ninth type is called 「Lustrous Brows」. Lustrous brows refer to eyebrows that are clear, moist, and radiant, meaning they are neither dry nor restless. This indicates a person whose reputation will be prominent and widely known; it also signifies a long life, generous salary, a peaceful and smooth life, a smooth future, and success in endeavors.

十．短眉：短眉者，短促不長之謂也，及不蓋目之類。一為弟兄少，而多憂思遺累；一為刑剋重，而多勞碌冷退，又主壽弱之例。十一．濃眉：濃眉者，濃重而叢生，似威而鬅鬙之態也。主富而多累，貴而多勞，又主奔馳不定，多招嫉刻，多處嫌疑，多結仇怨，多生暗害，煩惱不休也。

The tenth type is called "Short eyebrows." Short eyebrows refer to eyebrows that are short and not long, including those that do not cover the eyes. Their implications are: first, few brothers, leading to much worry and burdens; second, severe punishments and afflictions, resulting in a life of toil and a bleak fate; additionally, it indicates a weak lifespan. The eleventh type is called "Thick eyebrows." Thick eyebrows refer to eyebrows that are dense and heavy, growing in thick clusters, appearing somewhat formidable, but actually being loose and disordered. Such a person may be wealthy but has many burdens, may be esteemed but has much hardship; they also tend to travel frequently, have no fixed residence, often attract hatred and criticism, frequently find themselves in positions of suspicion, often accumulate grievances, and suffer from secret harm, with constant troubles.

十二．枯眉：枯眉者，焦枯不潤之態也。其人多疾病，其性多猶豫，愛便宜而不收功效，求兩全而反生障礙。小貴者，血液、肺疾；小富者，主冷退刑剋；如出於寒殘之人，亦主勞苦多累，憂愁度日，而夭亡也。十三．散眉：散眉者，散亂不收而不勻，稀斷尾少也。主心亂而妄貪，弄巧反拙，智小大，力輕任重，故多假面目，而虛浮自誇，輕進輕退，多成多敗也。

The twelfth type is called "Ku Mei" (Dry Brows).the so-called dry brows refers to eyebrows that are dry and withered, lacking luster. Such people are often sickly, indecisive in nature; they love to take advantage but fail to achieve results, and their attempts to please both sides lead to obstacles everywhere. If this mark appears on someone of slight importance, it indicates blood disorders and lung diseases; if on someone with some wealth, it suggests a cold and declining situation with conflicts and losses; if on a poor and weak person, it indicates a life of hardship, being burdened, living in constant worry, and ultimately early death. The thirteenth type is called "San Mei" (Scattered Brows).the so-called scattered brows refers to eyebrows that are disordered, unable to be gathered together, uneven in density, sparse, with a break in the middle and a shortage at the end. Such people have scattered thoughts and are prone to reckless desires; they try to take shortcuts but end up making mistakes; their intelligence is limited but their responsibilities are great, their abilities are weak but their burdens are heavy; thus they often wear false appearances, boast extravagantly, act hastily in both advancement and retreat, and throughout their lives experience both gains and losses.

十四．聚眉：聚眉者，清聚而收斂，見底而不散也。其人有遠志而謹守大義，多預而籌晝策，億料必中，為必成，主豐盈之財庫，及有貴名之事業也。十五．旋眉：旋眉者，眉尾有旋螺形也。主刑剋弟兄，又有妨父者，主骨肉忤逆，血統常多官訟，族戚亦有糾紛，又有異母而生，內顧掣肘。其性剛燥量狹，兇悍恃勇，不明大義居多也。

The fourteenth type is called "Juyou" or "聚眉".the so-called Juyou means the eyebrows are clear and gathered together, neither too sparse nor too scattered. Such people have long-term aspirations and adhere to great principles. They think ahead in all matters and are good at planning and strategizing. Whatever they foresee will surely come true, and whatever they do will certainly succeed. This type indicates a wealthy treasury and the ability to achieve renowned accomplishments. The fifteenth type is called "Xuanmei" or "旋眉".the so-called Xuanmei means the end of the eyebrows has spiral hairs. This indicates harm to brothers and possible trouble with the father. It also signifies discord among family members, frequent lawsuits among close relatives, and constant disputes within the same clan. There is also an indication that he was born from a different mother, leading to constant obstacles within the family. Such people are fierce and impetuous, with narrow-mindedness, fierce and relying on bravery, and often fail to understand great principles.

十六．逆眉：逆眉者，為倒生之眉，及上反之眉，皆謂逆眉也。其心性不純而狼，作事蠻橫而毒，剛燥任牲，不守禮義，褊窄見小，不昭信用，多官訟是非之累。上反者輕，倒生者較重也。十七．斷眉：斷眉者，間斷分節，或前後各異，而中斷也。主刑剋人丁，前業衰落，多風塵反覆，冷退消耗，貧苦勞碌居多，常富常貴居少也。

The sixteenth type is called "reverse eyebrows." Reverse eyebrows include eyebrows that grow backward and eyebrows that curl upward and flip back, both of which are considered reverse eyebrows. Such people have impure hearts and are as cruel as jackals; they act tyrannically and use cruel methods, are fierce and impetuous, follow their own whims, and disregard etiquette, morality, and laws. They have narrow minds, short-sightedness, and lack trustworthiness, thus often get involved in legal troubles and disputes. Among these, those with eyebrows that curl upward and flip back have lighter consequences, while those with eyebrows growing backward have heavier consequences. The seventeenth type is called "broken eyebrows." Broken eyebrows refer to eyebrows that are broken and fragmented, appearing in several sections, or having different appearances in the front and back parts with a break in the middle. This indicates the suffering of family members, the decline of ancestral property, and a life filled with hardship and constant toil in the world of turmoil, with a bleak situation and the gradual loss of family wealth. Such people are mostly poor and hardworking, and few can maintain wealth and honor.

十八．鎖眉：鎖眉者，兩眉頭相交，而鎖印堂也。主刑父妨母，又刑妻克子，六親不力，前業不守，破梓離鄉之格；亂世亦有貴名而發達，絕處逢生之格也。十九．沖眉：沖眉者，兩眉頭有紋上沖入華蓋也。主刑弟兄，及多憂愁，而遺累也。一為客欺主，而侵越主權；一為不知足，而好奇舉動。親者反疏，而爭端愈烈；恩者曰仇，而危害尤深，好勝性剛故也。

The eighteenth type is called "Locking Brows."the so-called locking brows means the two eyebrows meet and connect, blocking the "Yintang" area. This indicates harm to the father, trouble with the mother, harm to the wife and children, and the six relations offering no help. It also means the family's ancestral property cannot be preserved, and the person is destined to leave home and travel elsewhere. However, in times of chaos, one might still become prosperous through the reputation of a noble or powerful person, achieving salvation in desperate situations. The nineteenth type is called "Rushing Brows."所谓 rushing brows means there are lines on the two eyebrows that rise upward into the "Huagai" area. This indicates harm to brothers and much worry leading to burdens. Its manifestations are either being bullied by outsiders and losing control of one's own affairs, or being greedy and doing things beyond proper bounds. Close relatives become distant, disputes grow worse, and those who were once kind become enemies, causing especially great harm—this is due to the person's desire to win and being stubborn in nature.

二十．交眉：交眉者，上下相交而如交字形也。主內顧多憂，骨肉有累，妻妾不力，子女不肖。本身雖有名祿產業，然多牽制憂憤，神經受刺激，而顛倒行為也。廿一．毫眉：毫眉者，有時長露寸餘，或二三寸，伸出三四也。主心亂而多焦躁，事與時反，與心違也。左主外務糾紛，右主內政忤逆，前半節主弟兄姊妹損傷，後半節主妻妾子女災刑。常有者，主刑剋不遂，富貴貧賤皆然，煩擾不休也。

The twentieth type is called "Jiaomei."the so-called Jiaomei means the eyebrows cross over each other, growing in the shape of the character "交." This indicates that the person has many worries at home, is burdened by family members, and his wife and concubines are not helpful. His children are also unskilled. Although he may have a good reputation, salary, and property, he is constantly restricted and feels anxious and resentful. His nerves are long-term stimulated, leading to confused and disordered behavior. The twenty-first type is called "Haomei."the so-called Haomei means that sometimes a long hair, one or two inches long, even three or four inches, grows from the eyebrows, with three or four hairs extending out. This indicates a restless and anxious mind, with events always going against the right timing and contrary to one's own intentions. If the long hairs grow on the left side, it indicates disputes in external affairs; if they grow on the right side, it indicates discord within the family. If they grow in the front part, it indicates injury to brothers and sisters; if they grow in the back part, it indicates misfortune and punishment for the wife, concubines, and children. If the long hairs are always present, it indicates a life full of conflicts and constant dissatisfaction, regardless of whether he is rich or poor, with continuous troubles.

廿二．亂眉：亂眉者，紛亂不順，粗細不勻，滯手如麻也。主環境惡劣，牽制最重，常在驚濤惡浪之中，許多內憂外患，而不解除也。毫眉、亂眉，多臨時發生也。廿三．重眉：重眉者，上下兩層，俗呼兩夾眉也。主幼年喪父，倚伯叔至戚而成立，性柔而不斷，庸而兩可，小有耗散，而失前業一半也。廿四．金眉：金眉者，短少而稀疎，直豎而似無，黃柔而高稜也。王享餘蔭之美，又進田宅也。主貴榮而壽祿清閒，子女又貴能又多也。獨相此眉最難也。

The twenty-second type is called "Luan Mei" or "Disordered Brows." Luan Mei refers to brows that are messy and disordered, uneven in thickness, and feel rough and tangled when touched. This indicates that the person's environment is poor, and they face the heaviest restrictions. They have been living in constant turmoil, like in a stormy sea, with internal and external troubles that remain unresolved. Note: Luan Mei and Mao Mei usually appear suddenly and are temporary signs. The twenty-third type is called "Chong Mei" or "Double Brows." Chong Mei refers to brows that are layered, one on top of the other, commonly known as "Two Layers of Brows." This indicates that the person lost their father in childhood and was raised by uncles or other close relatives. They are weak-willed and indecisive, mediocre and indecisive in matters. Their family property is somewhat lost, and they may lose half of their ancestral estate. The twenty-fourth type is called "Jin Mei" or "Golden Brows." Jin Mei refers to brows that are short, sparse, and almost invisible when standing straight, with a yellowish color, soft texture, and high brow ridge. This indicates that the person can benefit from the legacy of their ancestors and can establish land and property. They are destined for high status, honor, long life, and generous wealth, with a comfortable and leisurely life. Their children are both capable and numerous (the original text's "Wang Xiang" should be "Zhu Xiang," meaning "the person's children"). This type is the most difficult to interpret based solely on the brows.

公篤曰：性者心之苗，情者神之使。性無心不存，神無情不用。有心有性，有神有情，然後為事實，行止動靜，皆包括其中矣。解：性從心出，情從神發。心為靈臺之根，神為靈物之品，變化不測，其用最大。性為善惡之原，情為交易之機。性情乃心神之使者，事實之引導也。

Chen Gongdu said: Nature is the sprout that grows from the heart, and emotion is the messenger sent by the spirit. Without a heart, nature cannot exist; without emotion, the spirit cannot function. Only with a heart can there be nature, and only with a spirit can there be emotion, and then specific actions can be formed. All of a person's movements and behaviors are included within this. Explanation: Nature arises from the heart, and emotion originates from the spirit. The heart is the root of the spiritual platform, and the spirit is the rank of the spiritual essence, which is unpredictable and has the greatest effect. Nature is the source of good and evil, and emotion is the channel for interaction with the outside world. Nature and emotion are merely messengers sent by the heart and spirit, and they are also the guides for all specific actions.

性者，先天之真機也；情者，後天之實用也。又從形質，定其性情，論其事實。故印堂寬正，其性英賢；神清正視，其性忠良。解：印堂為全局之元首，英明賢良，印寬而正，有才而復量大也。凡忠厚慈良，神清正視，多管而復遠見也。二者兼有，則為上品也。

Nature is the true essence inherited from the Earlier Heaven, while emotion is the practical function expressed in the Later Heaven. Additionally, one must judge a person's nature and temperament based on their physical form and body, and use this to infer their actions throughout their life. Therefore, those whose forehead is broad and upright possess an intelligent and virtuous nature; those whose eyes are clear and gaze levelly towards others have a loyal and kind disposition. Explanation: The forehead is the central part of the face, representing wisdom and virtue; a broad and upright forehead indicates both ability and capacity. Those who are loyal and benevolent usually have clear eyes and steady gaze, and they are diligent in their duties with a long-term vision. Those who possess both qualities are of the highest moral character.

眉細目慈，主溫和而孝順；五嶽端正，主厚而正大。解：眉為肺絡，眉細而無憂；目為肝絡，目慈不動氣，故溫和孝順也。五嶽正者心正，行為亦正，故厚而正大也。眉目有威，主嚴格而志大；眉秀目平，主慈和而有智。解：眉目以威而有權，故威重之人權重，綱紀嚴明，志向遠大矣。眉秀主聰敏，目平主和蘊，及慈和而有特智，常有先見之明，而不妄舉也。

A person with thin eyebrows and a kind gaze is gentle in nature and filial; those with the Five Mountains properly formed have a sincere character and upright mind. Explanation: eyebrows correspond to the lung meridian inside the body, so thin eyebrows indicate less worry; eyes correspond to the liver meridian, so a kind gaze means one does not get angry easily, hence being gentle and filial. Those with the Five Mountains—forehead, chin, nose, left and right cheekbones—properly formed have a righteous heart and upright behavior, thus being sincere and upright. Those who appear stern in their eyebrows and eyes are strict in nature and have lofty aspirations; those with clear and elegant eyebrows and calm eyes are gentle and wise. Explanation: eyebrows and eyes that appear stern indicate authority, so those who are imposing have great authority, and their rules and regulations are strict and well-ordered, hence their aspirations are lofty. Clear eyebrows indicate intelligence, and level eyes indicate harmony and subtlety; such people are gentle yet possess outstanding wisdom, often foreseeing things and not acting recklessly.

眉長上豎，主恃勇而拔負；耳厚垂珠，主明敏而靈巧。解：眉長主大貴而操兵柄，眉上豎主剛勇而負氣，故拔負而驕傲。耳厚主持重又有恆，垂珠主偏好多材藝，不學而成，故明敏而又靈巧也。眉濃目露，主剛暴而好殺；眉高印寬，主遠而多才。解：眉濃主剛燥而尤貪，目露主驕淫而不仁。愛之者，則越軌不已；惡之者，則毀滅不休，故好殺也。眉高主敏而好名，印寬主正而遠見，故遠多才也。

A person with long eyebrows that slope upward is bold and competitive; someone with thick ears and hanging earlobes is quick-witted and skillful. Explanation: Long eyebrows indicate great importance and the ability to command military power, while eyebrows that stand upright show strength and bravery, and a tendency to be quarrelsome. Therefore, together they indicate competitiveness and arrogance. Thick ears suggest stability and perseverance, while hanging earlobes indicate a special talent and versatility, capable of achieving things without learning. Therefore, they are described as quick-witted and skillful. A person with thick eyebrows and a sharp gaze is fierce and cruel, and fond of killing; someone with high eyebrows and a broad forehead has a long-term vision and many talents. Explanation: Thick eyebrows indicate a fierce and impetuous nature, especially greedy for gains. A sharp gaze suggests arrogance and indulgence without compassion. For those he likes, he will go to extremes to fulfill their desires; for those he dislikes, he will destroy completely. Therefore, he is described as fond of killing. High eyebrows indicate agility and a desire for reputation, while a broad forehead indicates integrity and foresight. Therefore, together they indicate a long-term vision and many talents.

神清顴聳，主豪慨而奢華；眉高神秀，主清廉而好名。解：神清主多貴名而豪慨，顴聳主有作為而輕財，乃俠義之勇為，志不群也。眉高主而務名，神秀主慧而務德，故清廉好名，而多福壽也。髮低骨粗，其性愚魯燥急而尖酸；形清目痴，其性庸拘泥而無用。解：髮低主妨父，失於栽培；骨粗主勞碌，失於能力。二者合有，則愚魯妄行，情同尖酸，失其正義也。形清為外表，目痴為內愚，故措施之輕重不宜也。

A person with clear eyes and prominent cheekbones is generous and lives a luxurious life. Someone with high eyebrows and clear eyes is upright and values reputation. Explanation: Clear eyes indicate a person who is respected and generous, while prominent cheekbones suggest someone who is capable and not concerned with wealth, showing a heroic and unconventional character. High eyebrows indicate ambition and pursuit of reputation, while clear eyes show intelligence and emphasis on virtue, so together they represent a person who is upright and values reputation, and is likely to have good fortune and longevity. A person with a low hairline and thick bones is dull, impulsive, quick-tempered, and sharp-tongued. Someone with a refined appearance but dull eyes is mediocre, rigid, and of little use. Explanation: A low hairline indicates interference from the father and lack of early cultivation, while thick bones suggest a life of toil due to lack of ability. When these two traits are present together, the person becomes foolish and reckless, speaks sharply and bitterly, losing proper integrity. A refined appearance is only superficial, while dull eyes indicate inner dullness, so the person is always unable to handle matters properly.

目凹鼻曲，其性貪侫刻薄而寡情；蛇睛馬面，其性殘酷毒忍而尤驕。解：目凹主刻薄寡恩，鼻曲主貪侫心深，蛇睛主殘毒兇狠，馬面主驕傲矜誇。上二形為成敗之陰，有惡劣環境，逼迫而為之；下二形為格局之生成，通達窮困皆殘毒，有意而為之。

People with deep eye sockets and crooked nose bridges are greedy, flattering, and unkind, treating others harshly and lacking in emotion. Those with snake-like eyes and horse-like faces are cruel and vicious, and especially arrogant. Explanation: Deep eye sockets indicate a nature that is harsh and ungrateful, while a crooked nose bridge suggests a greedy and scheming character. Snake-like eyes indicate cruelty and ferocity, and a horse-like face indicates arrogance and self-pride. The first two traits are manifestations of a dark side that appears with success and failure—these are negative environments that have shaped them in this way. The latter two traits, however, are formed by their innate disposition—such people are cruel and vicious regardless of their circumstances, and they intentionally act this way.

骨粗肉流，其性剛燥自用而殘忍；狼顧斜視，其性奸險多疑及行邪。解：骨粗主弄巧反拙而多勞，肉流主燥亂狂妄而自私，合而為殘忍兇狠。狼顧主奸而多疑，斜視主毒而邪淫，其性既貪，其心又不正故也。眉頭逢沖，其性輕躁負氣；眉皺上視，其性驕傲任性。解：眉關氣質，凡有氣憤不平，憂疑不決，則兩眉燥亂，緊急上沖。上視主驕傲，舍本求末故也。

A person with thick bones and loose muscles is impetuous, stubborn, and cruel. Someone who can look sideways like a wolf is cunning, suspicious, and engages in improper actions. Explanation: Thick bones indicate a person who tries to be clever but ends up clumsy, wasting much effort. Loose muscles suggest restlessness and selfishness. Combined, they result in cruelty. "Wolf gaze" indicates deceit and suspicion, while a sidelong glance shows cruelty and improper behavior, because such a person is naturally greedy and has an unrighteous heart. A person whose eyebrows are broken by markings is impulsive, quarrelsome, and easily irritated. Someone who frequently frowns and looks upward is proud and任性. Explanation: The eyebrows relate to a person's temperament. When someone is troubled by grievances or troubled thoughts, their eyebrows become restless and tense, rising upward. Looking upward frequently indicates pride, because such a person focuses on secondary matters rather than the essentials.

唇掀齒露，其性輕浮見小；神漫言遲，其性猶豫心深。解：唇掀好爭不讓，齒露口快妄語，皆不明大義，惟利是從，故見小也。神漫猶豫有思，言遲心深而貪，畏嫌不免，疑累終受，而多晝蛇添足之勞也。神清血足，其性安閒瀟灑；面廣神驚，其性憂鬱背義。解：神清泰然無思，血足悠然無累；面廣失敗多憂，神驚嫉妒背義。上二者為自然，下二者為勉強。

A person whose lips are upturned and teeth are exposed is impetuous and has a narrow vision; someone with scattered eyes and slow speech is indecisive and secretive. Explanation: Upturned lips indicate a person who likes to quarrel and refuses to yield, while exposed teeth suggest a person who speaks quickly and often says things without basis. Both are lacking in understanding great principles and are only concerned with personal gain, hence their narrow vision. A person with scattered eyes hesitates in matters and thinks a lot, while a slow speaker is deep-minded and greedy. He fears being suspected but cannot avoid it, eventually being dragged down by suspicion and wasting much effort in unnecessary actions. A person with clear eyes and abundant vitality is calm and carefree; someone with a broad face but frightened eyes is melancholic and disobeys righteousness. Explanation: A person with clear spirit is at ease and free from worries, while one with sufficient blood is relaxed and without burdens. A person with a broad face but frequent failures has more worries, and someone with frightened eyes is envious and breaks trust. The first two are natural, while the last two are forced.

面青眉重，其性謹慎拘執；輔角高寬，其性文雅好道。解：面青主聰敏虛浮，眉重主憂愁拘執，故有畏難苟安，而似謹慎也。輔角高寬，其人清雅多文，好古愛道，是為慧根仙姿之質，清高不俗之品也。鼻仰神亂，其性慳悋痴迷；眉低印窄，其性宵小好勝。解：鼻仰愛財而不積，神亂妄舉而偏重，合而為痴貪迷惑，惜小慳悋矣。眉低主貪多而好勝，印窄主器狹而不容。上二者有倉猝失足，而成千古之恨；下二句有力輕任重，而為崩潰之俟也。

A person with a pale blue complexion and thick eyebrows is cautious and stubborn; someone with a high and broad 'auxiliary angle' is refined and fond of esoteric studies. Explanation: A pale blue complexion indicates intelligence but superficiality, while thick eyebrows suggest worry and stubbornness. Therefore, such a person retreats when faced with difficulties and seeks safety at the expense of principles, appearing cautious on the surface. A high and broad auxiliary angle indicates refinement and literary talent, a love for antiquity and esoteric knowledge, indicating a nature with wisdom and a spiritual disposition, belonging to a refined and unconventional character. A person with upturned nostrils and scattered eyes is stingy and obsessed; someone with low eyebrows and a narrow forehead is petty and quarrelsome. Explanation: Upturned nostrils indicate a love for wealth but an inability to retain it, while scattered eyes suggest erratic behavior and stubbornness. Together, these traits result in being both greedy and痴 (obsessed), stubborn and unable to see the bigger picture, being overly concerned about small amounts of money. Low eyebrows indicate a tendency to desire too much and be overly competitive, while a narrow forehead indicates a narrow mind and an inability to tolerate others. The first two traits may lead to a great regret in a single moment of misstep; the latter two indicate a small capacity but a heavy burden, waiting only for collapse.

神麗肉流，其性淫亂邪行兼嫉姤；骨多肉少，其性矜奇，自誇又剛愎。解：神麗男女皆主淫亂多病而不壽，肉流主偏愛邪行，兼有，則淫亂中生嫉妒，變為殘毒矣。骨多者元氣充，故矜奇誇大；肉少者失輔助，故剛愎自用。

A person with bright and alluring eyes and loose and floating muscles tends to have a licentious nature and perverse behavior, and also harbors jealousy. A person with many bones but little flesh tends to be fond of being unconventional, self-conceited, and stubborn. Explanation: A person with bright and alluring eyes, regardless of gender, is prone to licentiousness, illness, and a short lifespan. A person with loose and floating muscles tends to favor perverse behavior. When both characteristics are present, licentiousness gives rise to jealousy, which then turns into cruelty and harshness. Those with many bones have abundant vital energy, so they like to be unconventional and make exaggerated claims. Those with little flesh lack support, so they become stubborn and self-willed.

眉墜肩削，其性輕浮偏僻；眼神活潑，其性機巧好奇。解：眉墜有偏僻之才，肩削無厚重之福，故薄言而輕舉，偏好而妄行，主多挫折也。神活潑主靈巧機智，不學而成之技藝，用功歧路，勇於偏取也。神玄露光，其性狼毒任勞能冒險；日圓齒掀，其性兇悍驕橫有異志。解：神玄露光，為亂世之權貴，臨險為機會，冒險為事業，盛世不吉。日圓主驕橫不顧信義，齒掀主招嫉不矜細行，貪而無止境故也。

People with drooping eyebrows and thin shoulders are fickle-minded and eccentric; those with lively eyes are clever and curious. Explanation: Those with drooping eyebrows possess a talent in unusual fields, while those with thin shoulders lack substantial fortune. Therefore, they speak lightly and act recklessly, acting on their own whims and facing many difficulties in life. Those with lively eyes are quick-witted and skilled, able to master a craft without much learning; however, they focus their efforts on unusual pursuits, constantly striving in unconventional directions. Those with dark and bright eyes that appear outwardly are cruel, willing to endure hardship, and bold in taking risks; those with round eyes and protruding teeth (the original text '日圆' should be '目圆') are fierce, arrogant, and have ulterior motives. Explanation: A bright and revealing gaze indicates the appearance of a powerful figure in times of chaos; when danger arises, it is his opportunity, and冒险 itself becomes his career. This characteristic is not auspicious in peaceful times. Round eyes indicate arrogance and disregard for trust and righteousness, while protruding teeth suggest being hated and lacking in small details, all due to boundless greed.

髮低神昧，其性愚妄模糊；冷笑口撮，其性陰險奸惡。解：髮低主愚，加以神昧，主每事有頭無尾，言不顧行，事不量力，輕諾寡信也。冷笑主機深陰險，加以口撮，則得隴望蜀，奸惡而不知足也。眼神如醉，多誑語而疎懶；五官開展，多堅忍而有恆。解：神醉主記憶力弱，而多忘，又愛便宜，疎忽懶惰，德怨不分，恩仇不明。五官開展，主任勞有恆，堅固其心志，耐勞其行為，終為發達之品也。

People with a low hairline and dull eyes are dull-witted and reckless, acting without clear purpose. Those who often sneer and curl their lips are sly and wicked. Explanation: A low hairline indicates a dull mind, and combined with dull eyes, such a person starts things but fails to complete them, speaks without considering if they can fulfill their words, acts without assessing their own strength, makes promises easily but rarely keeps them. Those who often sneer have deep schemes and are sly, and when they curl their lips, they are greedy and never satisfied. People whose eyes look as if they are drunk are talkative and lazy, while those with broad facial features are usually persistent and determined. Explanation: People whose eyes look as if drunk have poor memory, are forgetful, love to take advantage, are careless and lazy in their work, and cannot distinguish between kindness and hatred, nor can they tell friends from enemies. Those with broad facial features are willing to endure hardship and have perseverance, are determined in their will, can endure labor, and eventually possess the character to achieve success.

廓尖輪大，主聰明不足，而邪淫有餘；神定眉亂，主惡能引惑，而善偏軟化。解：耳廓尖小，主志小量窄，加以耳輪大，雖然聰明，多為邪淫蒙蔽。神定主有把握，加以眉紛亂，則方寸不一，可以為善，又可以為惡，隨流軟化也。

People with small earlobes and large ear wheels are not very intelligent but have excessive improper desires; those whose eyes are calm but eyebrows are disordered are easily tempted by wicked people and cannot be softened by good influences. Explanation: Small earlobes indicate a narrow-minded and shallow character, and large ear wheels suggest some degree of intelligence, but this is mostly obscured by improper thoughts. Calm eyes suggest inner confidence, but disordered eyebrows indicate indecisiveness, making them susceptible to being influenced by their surroundings, either towards good or evil.

準大眉高，其性忠實耿介；形勻聲秀，其性正直率真。解：準大心無毒，眉高忠而謹，主不妄舉，又不苟且故也。形勻主正大和蘊，聲秀主抱一信，故不欺詐，又不虛浮，而純正率真也。先觀其形質，次查其聲音，更視其精神，再考其骨肉，則可知其性倩，明其志向，覺其心理，驗其事實，則明瞭而如指掌焉。

A person with a large nose tip and high eyebrows is sincere, honest, and straightforward. Someone with a well-proportioned body and a clear voice is upright and sincere. Explanation: A person with a large nose tip does not harbor harmful intentions, and someone with high eyebrows is honest and cautious, so he does not act recklessly or be careless. A person with a well-proportioned body has a broad mind and a gentle, restrained nature, while someone with a clear voice is consistent and trustworthy, so he does not deceive or exaggerate, and is pure and straightforward. In summary, the order of judging a person's appearance is: first observe his body and bone structure, then listen to his voice, next examine his spirit, and finally look at his bone structure and muscles. In this way, one can understand his nature, know his aspirations, perceive his mind, and verify his actions throughout his life, all clearly and clearly, as if looking at one's own palm.

公篤曰：鼻為審判官，又名中嶽，外號土星，而居全面之中故也。據醫家考證，是為肺竅而屬金也，或為土是金之母，而有連帶關係耶。余考丹經，則稱不屬土，又不屬金，是為腎竅，則曰屬水。按鼻外為兩孔，內為四竅：兩側竅通肺管，此醫家之所謂肺絡也；兩直竅入腦海，下督脈，此丹道家之所謂腎絡也。準頭在全面之中心，配以中嶽，此風鑑家之所謂脾格也，皆有原理存焉。故準頭紅燥，即君相二火浮出，此通腎脈之證也。茲將各區段之主要與附帶，分類如下。

Chen Gongdu said: The nose is called the "Judge" in physiognomy, also known as the "Central Mountain," and is given the nickname "Saturn," because it is located at the center of the entire face. According to medical sources, the nose is the orifice of the lungs and belongs to metal; perhaps because earth is the mother of metal, there is this connection between the two. When examining Daoist alchemical texts, however, it is said that the nose is neither earth nor metal, but rather the orifice of the kidney, thus belonging to water. In terms of structure, the nose has two external nostrils, but inside there are four passages: the passages on the left and right connect to the lungs, which is what medical texts refer to as the lung meridians; the two straight passages lead into the brain and connect downward to the governing meridian, which is what Daoist alchemists call the kidney meridians. As for the tip of the nose being located at the center of the entire face and being called the "Central Mountain," this is the position associated with the spleen according to the physiognomical school of Fengjian. Each of these viewpoints has its own reasoning. Therefore, when the tip of the nose becomes red and dry, it indicates that both the sovereign fire and the minister fire have risen to the surface, which is evidence that the nose is connected to the kidney meridian. Below is a classification of the main and secondary relationships of different parts of the nose.

一．山根：山根者，根基之謂也，又為命宮，而應疾厄，亦稱為壽根可也。凡山根高起，不享受祖業，則為壽徵；山根坑陷，不失敗祖業，則為夭亡也。二．準頭：準頭者，為正財之專部也，又名土星，土能旺財，而命名也。凡能享受正財祿，及坐守財，皆以此為標準，故有問富在鼻之說，為千古定法也。

The first is the "mountain root," which means the foundation. It is also called the "life palace," and it relates to diseases and calamities, so it might also be called the "longevity root." Those whose mountain root is high and prominent are either inheriting property from their ancestors or are signs of long life. Those whose mountain root is sunken are either losing their ancestral fortune or are signs of a short life. The second is the "bridge," which refers to the tip of the nose. The bridge is the area that governs "proper wealth," and it is also called the "earth star," because earth generates and strengthens wealth. Therefore, it is named this way. Whether one can enjoy proper wealth and status, or whether one can hold onto wealth, is judged by this area. Therefore, in physiognomy, there is a saying: "To ask about wealth, look at the nose," which is an unchanging rule from ancient times.

三．蘭臺：蘭臺者，左鼻孔之全部，為偏浮財之專部，又名井灶，即內庫之地，又為內輔佐也。闌臺收而不露，財入庫而豐盈；如露而不收，其財雖多，而漏巵不塞，終為虛花，而失敗也。四．廷尉：廷尉者，右鼻孔之全部也，交際財之專部，亦名井灶，即內庫也。如露而不收，財亦耗散不聚。又主內輔佐，如薄弱不收，財弱而內輔不力也。

The third is the "Lantai," which refers to the left side of the nose including the nostril, and it is specifically responsible for managing windfall or speculative wealth. It is also called the "Well and Stove," representing the internal treasury within the family. It also symbolizes the inner helper of the household. If the Lantai is contained and not exposed, wealth enters the treasury and is abundant; however, if the nostril is exposed and cannot be contained, then even though wealth comes in, it is like a vessel with a leaky bottom, and in the end, it is all wasted and ultimately leads to failure. The fourth is the "Tingwei," which refers to the right side of the nose including the nostril, and it is specifically responsible for wealth obtained through social interactions and dealings. It is also called the "Well and Stove," and it is also an internal treasury. If the nostril is exposed and cannot be contained, wealth will also be scattered and not accumulated. This area also represents the inner helper; if it is weak and cannot be contained, it indicates a lack of financial strength and the inner helper is not effective.

五．分尸紋：分尸紋者，準頭當中一直紋，主凶死；如骨破直痕，亦凶死。即古之車裂慘刑，言尸分而不全也。紋痕深長者無救，紋短者，刑剋破敗也。六．年上：年上者，鼻樑中段，接近山根也，內為膽絡，故名疾厄宮。膽俯有水汁，有火氣，故能消化飲食，如有障礙則病苦，此為疾厄專部也。

The fifth is called "Split Body Mark." This refers to a vertical line in the center of the bridge of the nose, indicating death by misfortune; if there is a straight mark left from a broken nasal bone, it also signifies a violent death. The name comes from the ancient punishment of splitting the body, meaning the corpse is split and not whole. If the mark is deep and long, it is fatal; if it is short, it indicates suffering from illness or misfortune. The sixth is called "Year Position," referring to the middle section of the nose bridge near the mountain root. It corresponds to the gallbladder meridian within the body, hence called the "Disease and Misfortune Palace." The gallbladder contains bile and heat, which enable humans to digest food; once there is an obstruction here, one suffers from illness. Therefore, this area is specifically used to examine diseases and misfortunes.

七．壽上：壽上者，鼻樑中段，接近準頭也，亦為膽絡，名疾厄宮也。兩側即下勾陳，主水氣泛流、溼氣痞脹等病，及其它有形之病，又主妻妾子女之刑剋也。八．危險紋：危險紋者，左蘭臺之曲紋，沖出準頭也。主有危險驚恐之事實經過，紋深，則疤痕破相，男格重兩女格輕也。如左右之紋均沖，亦主凶死也。

The seventh is called 'Shou Shang', referring to the middle section of the nasal bridge near the tip, which corresponds to the gallbladder meridian and is also known as the Ji E Palace. On both sides of this are 'Xia Gou Chen', which indicate water swelling, dampness forming lumps and fullness, and other visible diseases; they also indicate harm to wife, concubine, and children. The eighth is called 'Xian Huan Wen'.the so-called 'Xian Huan Wen' refers to a curved line on the left Lan Tai that reaches towards the tip. It indicates that the person has experienced dangerous or frightening events; if the line is deep, it may leave a scar and cause disfigurement. For men, this line is more significant, while for women, it is less so. If the lines on both sides reach towards the tip together, it also indicates death by misfortune.

九．驚險紋：驚險紋者，廷尉之曲紋，沖出準頭也。主有凶危挫折之事實經過，如紋深，則疤痕破相，女格重兩男格輕也。如左右之紋均沖，亦主凶死也。十．井灶：井灶者，即兩孔也。如洩露，財不入庫，而有六親之累；如仰露，則有妻妾之相欺，子女之隱患，血統之內爭，骨肉之殘害，破財冷退之例也。

The ninth is called "Jingxian纹" or "startling danger pattern." This refers to a curved line on the right廷尉 that extends toward the准头. It indicates that the person has experienced dangerous and difficult situations; if the pattern is deep, it may leave a scar and disfigure the face. For women, this pattern is more significant, while for men, it is less so. If the lines on both sides extend toward the准头 simultaneously, it signifies a death by misfortune. The tenth is called "Jingzao," which refers to the two nostrils. If the nostrils are exposed and leak outward, wealth will not enter the treasury, and there will be troubles from the Six Relations. If the nostrils are turned upward and exposed, the person will be deceived by the wife or concubine, face hidden dangers from children, internal conflicts among relatives, harm among family members, financial loss, and a decline in fortune.

以上十則，為中嶽之關係，區段之界限，為鼻相之第一步。而各項形式，分類應徵，茲特詳解如下。一．長植：長植者，鼻長如樑柱，而有勢也。主豐足衣祿，而多田宅；又主完善貴榮，而多厚福。凡長植之中嶽，多為數代富庶餘蔭，承繼正受之祖業，平生安享，亦主有大壽之根也。

The above ten points discuss the various relationships and boundaries of the "Zhong Yue" area, which is the first step in examining the nose's appearance. As for the different shapes of the nose and their corresponding meanings, they will be explained in detail below. The first type is called "Chang Zhi," which refers to a nose that is long and upright, resembling a beam or pillar, exuding a strong and imposing presence. This type of nose indicates abundance in food, clothing, salary, and property, as well as numerous fields and houses. It also signifies high status, honor, and completeness, along with deep blessings. Noses of this kind are usually inherited from generations of wealthy families, allowing one to legitimately inherit ancestral property and enjoy a peaceful life throughout one's years; this is also the foundation for longevity.

二．豐大：豐大者，準頭豐隆，而復高起也。凡準頭豐隆高大，其人正直和平，有大志遠見，享受特別財利，而為特富，及上等富業也。或為繼起之產業，或為創立之產業，又考其各部可也。三．勻配：勻配者，準頭與蘭臺、廷尉，三部勻大而相配也。主心氣和平，耿介不妄，所有之財羞既多，享受之衣祿尤厚，亦主貴名，而厚祿清福也。

The second type is called "Feng Da," meaning the bridge of the nose is full and prominent, and it is high. Those whose bridge of the nose is full and high are upright and peaceful in character, with great aspirations and a long-term vision, and they can enjoy special wealth, belonging to either extraordinary richness or upper-class prosperity. Whether this fortune is inherited from ancestors and then revived, or created from scratch by oneself, it must be determined by examining other parts of the face. The third type is called "Yun Pei," meaning the bridge of the nose, LanTai, and TingWei are all full and harmonious with each other. The person is calm and composed, straightforward without recklessness; they have abundant wealth in their hands, and their clothing, food, andofficial stipend are especially plentiful. They also indicate a reputation of nobility and enjoyment of generous salaries and a peaceful life.

四．圓厚：圓厚者，準頭圓而如珠，不見蘭臺廷尉也。其形有名虎鼻者，主剛執好勇，任勞務功，及有勇毅之行為，膽識兼長，文武兼併，而立豐功偉業也。五．貫印：貫印者，山根高起上貫印堂也。其形有名玉柱上貫伏犀者，為特貴創業之帝王也，次亦為裂土分封，出將入相也。又有上貫印堂者，主智勇雙全，為上貴，文為政柄領袖，武為屏潘總戎，亦有壽也。

The fourth type is called "Yuanhou" (Round and Thick).the so-called Yuanhou means the bridge of the nose is round like a pearl, round enough that the LanTai and TingWei on either side are almost invisible. This nose shape is also called "Hunose" (Tiger Nose). Such a person is strong-willed and stubborn, likes to take bold actions, is willing to endure hardship, and is determined to achieve success. He is brave and resolute in his actions, possessing both courage and insight, capable of handling both literary and military affairs, thus achieving great accomplishments. The fifth type is called "Guan Yin" (Piercing the Seal).the so-called Guan Yin means the mountain root is high and prominent, extending upward all the way to the seal area. This shape is also called "Yu Zhu Shang Guan Fu Xi" (Jade Pillar Piercing the Seal), which is the appearance of an extraordinary noble and illustrious emperor who establishes a country and lays the foundation; the next level can become a marquis with territory, serving as a great general or a prime minister. There is also a type that only reaches up to the seal area, indicating wisdom and bravery, belonging to the upper class of nobility: if he follows the literary path, he becomes a leader in governance; if he follows the military path, he becomes a commander who defends a region, and it also indicates longevity.

六．有梁：有梁者，鼻樑之中段，高而不露，圓骨無節也。主有大壽，又旺人丁，而妻妾子女均賢能也，此為中興衰之一大關鍵也。七．仰露：仰露者，井灶上仰而露孔也。主財不入庫，多成多敗也。又主內顧多憂，而牽制其事業也。貧而勞碌者居多，貴而勞碌者居少也。

The sixth type is called "You Liang."the so-called "You Liang" refers to the middle part of the nose being high but not prominent, with a round and smooth bone structure without any bumps. This indicates a long life and a prosperous family with capable wives, concubines, and children. This type is a major key in determining whether a family will rise or decline in the middle of their development. The seventh type is called "Yang Lu."the so-called "Yang Lu" refers to the "Well and Stove," meaning the nostrils pointing upward and exposed. This indicates that wealth cannot be stored, leading to both great gains and losses in life; it also signifies many worries at home, which hinders one's career. People with this nose shape are mostly poor and hardworking, and few become wealthy and busy.

八．反吟：反吟者，鼻樑側曲露節，而左右有三曲兩曲，皆名反吟式。主虛偽聰敏，偏見自用，顛倒是非，混亂恩怨，又主疾厄冷退，官訟刑剋，及刑子女也。九．伏吟：伏吟者，鼻樑直曲露節，而上下有三曲兩曲，皆名伏吟式。主有子女，多成敗，其性憂柔不斷，私心自用，貪念不休，虛張誇大，輕重不當，措施不宜，以致一敗塗地，憂愁至死也。

The eighth type is called "Reverse Chant."the so-called Reverse Chant refers to a nose bridge that bends sideways and reveals knuckles, with three or two bends in the left and right directions, which is called the Reverse Chant pattern. This person is deceitful and cunning, stubborn and self-willed, inverts right and wrong, and mixes up kindness and hostility; it also indicates illness and misfortune, a bleak situation, decline, legal troubles, and punishment of children. The ninth type is called "Hidden Chant."the so-called Hidden Chant refers to a nose bridge that stands upright and bends, revealing knuckles, with three or two bends in the upper and lower directions, which is called the Hidden Chant pattern. This person has children, but experiences many ups and downs in life; he is indecisive and lacks firmness, has private intentions and is self-opinionated, constantly greedy, likes to boast, misjudges things, handles affairs inappropriately, and ends up in complete failure, dying in sorrow.

十．稜節：稜節者，鼻樑有角形之骨凸露，上下分節也。主刑人丁，及結仇怨，其性疑是疑非，猶豫不決，認人不足，有驚險暗害，而多冷退，及痼疾也。十一．根陷：根陷者，山根低陷弱而不起也。主幼小多病，先天遺傳有疾根也。如眼神充足，主前業破敗，而不守也；如眼神不足，或有祖業，則不壽，而死於四十二歲之前也。

The tenth is called "Lengjie" (棱节).the so-called Lengjie is when there is a bony protrusion on the bridge of the nose with sharp angles, divided into sections above and below. This indicates the possibility of harming family members and causing enmity; such people are suspicious, doubting everything, indecisive in matters, and have poor judgment of people. They experience danger and betrayal throughout their lives, often face isolation and decline, and are prone to chronic illnesses that are difficult to cure. The eleventh is called "Genxian" (根陷).the so-called Genxian refers to the root of the nose being low, weak, and unable to stand upright. This indicates frequent illness in childhood, a hereditary illness from the ancestors. If the person has bright eyes, it indicates the loss of ancestral property; if the eyes are also dull, then even if there is ancestral property, the person will not live long and is likely to die before the age of forty-two.

十二．弧峰：孤峰者，準頭高超，而無兩顴也。此主能致富業，而進田宅，惟人丁最弱而刑剋，妻宮二三或不力，子女不立或夭殤，此主螟蛉承繼，或一女也。十三．準失：準尖者，鼻尖起楞而勾也。古法有稱鷹形之鼻者，主陰險機巧，刻薄無信，財不入庫，亦有貴名而權祿，多從危害逼迫者，發達不久，又失敗也。

The twelfth type is called "Gu Feng" (the original heading is "Hu Feng," but the main text refers to "Gu Feng"). "Gu Feng" refers to a nose that is high and prominent, but with no cheekbones to match on both sides, making the nose stand alone. Such a person is capable of acquiring wealth and property, but the family lineage is weak and subject to misfortunes. The person may need to marry two or three wives, or even if married, they may not be helpful. Children may not survive or may die young. Such people often have to adopt children from others or may only have one daughter. The thirteenth type is called "Zhen Jian" (the original heading is "Zhen Shi," but the main text refers to "Zhen Jian"). "Zhen Jian" refers to a nose that has a sharp edge and slopes downward. Ancient physiognomy called this type of nose "Ying Nose." The person with such a nose is cunning and deceitful, harsh in dealing with others, and untrustworthy. They may not accumulate wealth easily. However, they might attain a high status and official rank, but often achieve these positions through hardship and pressure. Their success does not last long and they tend to fail again soon.

十四．洩反：洩反者，蘭臺廷尉露孔而洩氣，準頭反仰而不齊也。其人智小大，力輕任重，妄舉而貪，輕去而就，主一成一敗，六親遺累，煩擾不休，難立家也。十五．墜鼻：墜鼻者，土星豐圓而下墜，蓋過人中半節也。此為土星剋制水星，雖豐隆而無用，晚景蕭條也。亦主貴名多材藝，虛浮儒弱，刑妻有壽，而無祿也。

The fourteenth type is called "Lei Fan," which refers to the nasal openings of the LanTai and TingWei being exposed and leaking air, with the nose tip pointing upward and growing crooked and uneven. Such people have limited intelligence but a wide range of responsibilities, weak ability but heavy burdens; they act recklessly and have insatiable greed, being impulsive and changing their mind quickly, leading to alternating success and failure. They are burdened by their six relations, causing constant disturbances and making it difficult to establish a stable family. The fifteenth type is called "Chui Bi," which refers to the nose, represented by the "Earth Star," being full and round but drooping downward, covering half of the person's middle. In the system of the Five Stars, this is a case of the Earth Star overcoming the Water Star (the mouth is represented by the Water Star, and the person's middle connects to the mouth), so although the nose is full, it is of no use, leading to a bleak end in later years. Such people may have a reputation of nobility and be talented in many areas, but they are superficial and weak in character. They may suffer from conflicts with their spouses, have a long life, but lack official salary.

十六．鼻毫：鼻毫者，兩鼻孔之毫毛露出也。有常露出者，則主刑妻克子，而傷骨肉；如臨時露出者，即為損人丁而憂愁不遂、哭泣之先兆也。十七．蒜鼻：蒜鼻者，土星三瓣而如蒜形也。主致富居多，而有開闢利源，經營富業，為上富甲富，大壽而厚祿，以富業而成其貴名也。

The sixteenth type is called 「nose hair」.the so-called nose hair refers to the long hairs in the nostrils that grow outwards. If these hairs are always visible, it indicates that one will suffer from marital problems, loss of children, and harm to close family members. If the hairs grow out suddenly, it signifies that there will be loss of family members, worries and frustrations, and sorrow in the household. The seventeenth type is called 「garlic nose」.the so-called garlic nose refers to a nose that is divided into three parts, resembling the shape of a garlic bulb. This type of nose is often associated with great wealth, capable of opening up sources of income and establishing a prosperous business, indicating top-level wealth and being the richest in a region. It also signifies a long life and abundant official salary, achieving a distinguished reputation through this wealth.

十八．截筒：截筒者，鼻形如捲筒之圓長，而齊截之勢也。此主暴發而為特富上富之格，及速帶之貴名也。亂世亦有武權而發達，以貴力而輔其大用也。十九．獅鼻：獅鼻者，豐隆而短，準頭蘭臺廷尉勻配，而露孔也。主上等富貴，而文武兼併，及遙領之頭銜也。然子女最少，僅子女各一成立，及庶出也。

The eighteenth type is called "Jie Tong" (截筒).the so-called Jie Tong means the nose is shaped like a rolled cylinder, round and long, with the end appearing as if it were cut off neatly. This type of nose indicates sudden wealth and prosperity, representing the highest level of wealth and the upper level of wealth. Fame comes quickly. Those born in times of chaos can gain military power and achieve success, relying on authority to support their great potential. The nineteenth type is called "Shi Bi" (狮鼻).the so-called Shi Bi means the nose is full and short, with the bridge of the nose, Lan Tai, and Ting Wei all proportionate in size, and the nostrils slightly exposed. This type indicates upper-level wealth and honor, capable of achieving success in both literary and military fields, and can also hold the title of remote appointment. However, it often results in few children, usually only one son and one daughter being able to stand firm, and they are mostly illegitimate.