The "Military Essentials: Looking Southward to the Southern River" [Tang Dynasty] by Yi Jing

易靜，唐時任武安軍左押衙。著有《兵要望江南》，凡收詞七百卸二首。今編為四卷。(《全唐詩》無易靜詩，事跡據《崇文總目》卷三、《郡齋讀書後志》卷二)

Yi Jing was a person of the Tang dynasty who served as the left commander of the Wu'an military command (a military official in the staff of a military governor). He wrote a book called "Bing Yao Wang Jiang Nan," which consists entirely of poems in the "Wang Jiang Nan" tune. The book contains a total of seven hundred and twenty-two poems, and the currently transmitted edition is compiled into four volumes. This book is divided into volumes according to categories, with each poem describing a sign of a celestial or natural phenomenon and its military implications. (Yi Jing's poems are not included in the "Quan Tang Shi," and his biography is mentioned in the "Chongwen Zongmu" volume three and the "Junzai Du Shu Zhi" volume two.)

兵之道，切忌起無名。不止京本作「正」少功虛效力，逡巡反川本作「及」禍複京本作「複禍」危傾。容易勿言兵。 統軍京本作「兵」帥，不可比鹽(酉咸)據川本、辛本、京本改梅。相政乖虧猶可救，朝綱雖失亦能回，兵敗國傾危。 當權將，其責重如山。社稷存亡全在爾，安危君父一時間。須要立功還川本、辛本作「爵祿帝王頒」。

The fundamental principle of warfare is to avoid fighting without a just cause. Once the cause is unjust, it is not only difficult to achieve success, but also leads to the wasteful loss of troops, and due to hesitating in advance and retreating in retreat, it may bring about calamity, endangering the state. Therefore, war must not be taken lightly. (The phrase 「不止」 in the Jingben version is 「不正」, which emphasizes the importance of a proper cause.) The commander-in-chief cannot be compared to a minister like 「salt and plum」. The term 「salt and plum」 comes from the Shangshu · Shuomingshuo 「If you make a harmonious soup, you are the salt and plum」, referring to the prime minister who manages the state affairs. Although the prime minister may occasionally make mistakes in governing, they can still be corrected, and even if the state affairs temporarily decline, they can still be restored. However, once the commander-in-chief suffers a defeat, the country will directly collapse, so selecting a general is more important than selecting a prime minister. A general who holds the military power bears a responsibility as heavy as a mountain. The survival of the country depends entirely on him, and the safety of the king and the elders is determined in the moment of battle. Therefore, he must establish military achievements to repay the country. (The ending sentence in the Siban and Xinben versions is 「Jue lu Wangzhu ban」, meaning that the rank and salary are bestowed by the emperor, and thus he should be more responsible.)

銓大將京本作「帥」，須要素知京本作「司」兵名據辛本、川本、京本改。非是等閒虛譽職，莫將軍印京本作「兵柄」任辛本、川本作「委」、京本作「付」狂生，輕擁甲兵行。 諸屬幕，必京本作「須」是選賢辛本、川本作「堪」、京本作「沉」良。勿取京本作「使」門高京本作「風」當勢位，無私親舊與鄉邦京本作「同鄉」。曲順京本作「邪曲」定為殃。 攻敵策，謀乃勝之原京本作「源」。勿使辛本、川本、本京作「祗」迎兵京本作「軍」交血刃，休憑角京本作「勇」力靠兵官，勇是禍之端。經曰：善戰者不怒，善勝者不爭。非智者不能行，非賢者不能用也。

Selecting a great general must involve choosing someone who has always been knowledgeable about military affairs and has a good reputation. This is not a mere honorific title for reward, so do not entrust the military seal and command to an arrogant scholar who may recklessly lead troops into battle. Among the subordinates in the military headquarters, one must certainly select virtuous and loyal individuals. Do not appoint someone merely because of their noble background or high position, nor should one favor relatives or fellow townspeople. If one一味 flatters and appoints wicked people, calamity will surely follow. The strategy for attacking the enemy lies in careful planning as the source of victory. Do not allow the two armies to engage in close combat with weapons, nor rely solely on physical strength and brute force to depend on military officers. Bravery without wisdom is the beginning of disaster. The military classics say: "A skilled warrior does not easily become angry; a wise victor does not fight for the sake of fighting." This principle is not something the wise cannot achieve, nor is it something the virtuous do not understand how to use.

統軍帥，智慮有明謀。善識天文能勇敢，更兼威德賞勤勞。士卒自英豪。 為將帥，筮卜識機緣。更用一人高術士，精通占候要知言，凶吉預聞先。 覘彼勢，虛實要先評。兵有正奇將勝敗京本作「關將敏」，有京本作「勢」無強弱在軍精辛本作「情」，料敵不須驚。

The general in command must be prudent and have clear strategies. He should be capable of understanding celestial phenomena and possess courage in battle; additionally, he should be able to reward those who serve diligently. With such a leader, his soldiers will naturally be heroic and capable. As a general, he should also know how to use "divination by yarrow stalks" to seize the right opportunity. The army should also invite a skilled diviner who is proficient in "auspicious and ominous signs" and can interpret the deeper meanings of divination texts. In this way, the fortune of victory or defeat can be foreseen in advance, allowing action to be taken before the event occurs. To understand the enemy's situation, one must first assess its strengths and weaknesses: a large force without defenses is weak, while a small force with strong defenses is strong. In warfare, there are both conventional and unconventional tactics; the key to victory or defeat lies in the general's quickness of mind. The presence and strength of the army actually depend on the quality and discipline of the troops. As long as the enemy is anticipated in advance, there will be no need for panic when faced with unexpected situations.

量彼敵，將勇戒驕盈。整暇正須期死戰，凱旋猶懼有驕辛本、京本作「生」兵，養氣勿輕迎辛本作「臨」。 戰危事，上將戒貪行辛本作「兵」。閫京本作「國」計豈應辛本作「能」、京本作「令」求京本作「圖」小利，師行自古有常經，紀律要精明。 參彼將，德京本作「得」性好攻心。仔細究情辛本作「精」隨彼好，中行離反問據辛本、京本改詭相親，設利誘前擒。覆兵敗將，攻其便，究其情，伐其機。

When assessing the enemy's situation, even a brave general must guard against arrogance. A well-disciplined and composed military appearance is precisely for the purpose of preparing for a decisive battle; even after a victorious return, one must still be wary of the arrogance that may arise from success. On a daily basis, one should cultivate the soldiers' morale and must not rashly engage in battle. War is a matter of life and death, and the main general must first guard against greed and reckless advancement. The strategies outside the gate (the commander's decisions made on the battlefield) cannot be based solely on immediate gains. Since ancient times, military campaigns have followed certain established methods, and discipline must be strict and thorough. To assess the enemy's general, one must understand his virtue and temperament, and approach him by attacking his mind. Carefully investigate the facts, and follow his preferences to gain his favor. Then, use deception and schemes to get close to him, and set a bait to lure him into capture. To defeat his army and capture his general, one must attack his weaknesses, investigate his true situation, and exploit his opportunities.

統軍將辛本、川本作「兵帥」，剛暴自殘兵。有勇有勞無賞罰，卻將傲慢事行刑，彼將定欺凌。 審向道京本作「彼將」，測京本作「斥」，辛本作「情」候要分明。莫為時多蒙辛本作「朦」躁進京本作「莫與兵徒萌躁進」，勿從剛暴速兼程，慮京本作「虞」彼伏潛兵。 途頓止，調節要京本作「力」均停。力若有餘兵有京本作「軍自」銳，縱逢強賊京本作「卒逢賊馬」亦堪徵，不致有惶驚。

A general who is stubborn and cruel is like harming his own troops. Soldiers who are brave and have meritorious deeds do not receive rewards, while those who commit mistakes are not punished. Instead, he treats them with arrogance and arbitrarily inflicts punishments. In this case, the enemy commander will surely look down upon him and bully him. When examining the path forward, both "reconnaissance" and "scouting" must be clearly understood. Do not rashly advance because the situation is confused and unclear, nor should you blindly push forward solely based on impetuousness. Be cautious of the enemy's ambushes. When resting and staying in the camp during the journey, the balance between movement and rest, labor and leisure should be properly adjusted. If the soldiers have sufficient strength, they will naturally maintain their fighting spirit. In this way, even if they suddenly encounter a strong enemy with swift cavalry, they can still engage in battle without being frightened or disordered.

量強弱，彼我孰優長？敵若勢雄兵將廣辛本作「兵將廣大」，吾軍衰弱亦京本作「何弱力」難當，主帥要參詳京本作「奇計可施張」。 將權柄，識務辨京本作「職務長」春秋。須是先施仁與惠，後行刑戮京本作「獄」擇其尤辛本作「由」，威令辛本、京本作「愛」自然收。 賞與罰，須是要均平。不可(狗去句改旬)辛本作「循」私行喜怒，稍京本作「私」偏親舊失軍情，如此辛本、京本作「否則」禍災生。

To assess strength and weakness, one must determine who holds the upper hand. If the enemy is strong with many troops and we are weak and unable to resist, the commander must repeatedly deliberate and plan carefully. (In the Jingben version, it says 'strange strategies can be employed,' meaning that this is precisely the time to use unconventional tactics.) A general in command must understand the times, be reasonable, and adapt to circumstances. He must first practice benevolence and kindness, and only then use punishment, and even then, only the most serious offenses should be punished. In this way, his authority and commands will naturally gain the loyalty of his troops. Rewards and punishments must be fair and consistent. One must not act on personal favor or anger; even slight partiality towards relatives or friends will lose the support of the entire army, leading to disaster.

水與陸，兩勢作艟(舟朋)。陸有勢形水京本作「湖」亦有，舟車捷力京本作「利」不相爭，專在將能明。 統軍帥，不可妄行刑。莫以軍威行殺戮，人生一失永無生，誤損命天嗔。 統軍帥，職爵受皇恩。莫以暫時輕賞罰，休生外意信奸人，叛智據辛本、川本補怎成名？

Naval warfare and land warfare are two different situations, both requiring warships such as "mengchong" and chariots to be effectively used. On land, there are terrain and elevation; on water, there are water currents and shapes. Boats and chariots each have their own advantages, and there is no need to force a comparison of superiority or inferiority. The key lies in the general's ability to clearly understand and apply these effectively. The commander of the troops must not recklessly use punishment. Do not rely on military might to kill indiscriminately, for once a life is lost, it can never be recovered. Killing the innocent will invite divine wrath. The rank and honor of the commander come from the imperial grace. Do not become arrogant due to temporary success and neglect the proper use of rewards and punishments. Do not harbor rebellious thoughts or believe in wicked people. Once one betrays, even with wisdom and strategy, how can one achieve success?

如信佞，叛背事皆訛。自古兩邦難並立辛本、川本作「立廟」，當朝忠孝賜恩多，世代盡包羅。 狂京本作「徵」寇走辛本、川本、京本作「定」，乘馬複還京京本作「軍」。結局奏京本作「有」功須均京本作「當」賞，莫將親識京本作「舊」冒功升，反及據辛本、川本、京本改掩勇無名。 鋒辛本、川本作「蜂」、京本作「封」城壘，謹守保邊隅。莫恃雄強侵彼境，複從奸佞起兵夫。虛國死無辜。

If one listens to flatterers, betrayal will arise from false rumors. Since ancient times, two rival states have been difficult to coexist. It is better to remain loyal and filial to the court rather than flee to another country. The favors bestowed by the court are already abundant and sufficient to benefit generations to come. The rebellious enemy has already retreated in defeat; the soldiers may then return to the capital on horseback. When reporting military achievements upon the conclusion of the war, rewards must be distributed fairly. Do not allow close associates to claim military merit and receive promotions, thereby overshadowing the truly brave who remain unnoticed. The fortifications on the border should be strictly guarded and carefully defended to protect the frontier. Do not rely on a strong military to invade the territory of other states, nor should one heed the words of villains and recklessly conscript soldiers. Such actions would drain the nation's strength and cause the innocent to die in vain.

太平世，積食京本作「粟」養雄兵。不可輒忘征戰意京本作「備」，常時論武京本作「常須講習」使兵辛本、川本作「令」精，防寇犯京本作「彼寇」邊庭。 吾勢銳，人馬總精雄。財寶京本作「貨」滿盈軍用足辛本、川本、京本作「足用」，更詳天象審蒼穹，災禍免辛本、川本、京本作「那」軍中。經曰：「用兵者，非信義不立，非陰陽不順，非奇正不列，非詭譎不戰。謀藏於心，事見於跡，心與跡同者敗，心與跡異者勝。」

In times of peace, one must still store grain and maintain a strong military force. One must never forget the preparations for war, and during peacetime should practice military skills to keep soldiers disciplined and ready, to prevent enemy invasions. Our army is strong and well-equipped, with ample supplies of both money and military provisions. On top of this, if we carefully examine celestial phenomena and observe the heavens, we can avoid calamities in the army. The military classics say: A general must have integrity to stand, must follow the principles of yin and yang to succeed, must distinguish between the unusual and the standard to form an army, and must use deception to win battles. Strategy should be kept in mind, but actions should be shown outwardly. When mind and action are the same, it is easy to be discovered and defeated. When mind and action differ, it is hard to predict and thus leads to victory.

興兵道，風角最為先。若是逆風辛本、川本作「迎風」權且住，後來風助合蒼天，大戰我當先。 春屬木，風自震方來。才起微微聲不大，終無禍福不須猜。疑慮卻成災。 離與兌，壬癸子辛本、川本、京本作「自」三方。飄作如春依逐分，不須多慮與張惶，有寇整兵當。

The method of employing troops and military strategy begins with the divination technique known as "Wind Divination" (风角). If the wind is blowing against the army when they go out, they should temporarily hold back; wait until the wind changes direction to support them, which aligns with the will of Heaven, then launch a major battle, and the army will be able to take the initiative. In spring, the Five Phases belong to wood, which corresponds to the east, the direction governed by the "Zhen" trigram. If the wind is blowing from the Zhen direction, starting weak and with a quiet sound, then there is no need to worry about good or bad fortune, and there is no need to be suspicious. However, if the commander is doubtful and acts in a disordered manner, this will instead bring disaster. If the wind is blowing from the "Li" (south), "Dui" (west), or the northern water direction governed by Ren and Gui (壬癸) and Zi (子), and the wind is gentle and soft like spring breeze, then one should analyze according to the characteristics of each direction, without excessive worry or panic; even if enemies attack, one can just整顿 the troops and fight back.

四季內，或京本作「忽」有猛風聲。倒京本作「卷」瓦揚沙急京本作「幾」似箭，隨來方所擺京本作「擁」精兵，急備彼軍情辛本、川本作「人」、京本作「急急備軍人」。 猛風過，如箭便京本作「更」無蹤。名曰(昔風)(革風)當速備，風聲才斷賊來攻，曰後京本作「日入」愈為凶。 兵行次，黯黯點點據辛本、京本改久陰沉。不雨又無光色現，下人謀上恨情深，細意要搜尋。

In the four seasons of a year, if a fierce wind suddenly arises, howling and roaring, overturning roof tiles and sweeping up dust, coming on swiftly like an arrow, one should deploy elite troops according to the direction from which the wind comes and quickly prepare for the enemy in that direction. When the fierce wind passes by swiftly, as fast as an arrow and then disappears without a trace, this kind of wind is called 'Rou Biao', a sudden and violent wind. When it appears, one must quickly prepare for defense: once the sound of the wind stops, the enemy will attack. If the wind arises after sunset, the danger is especially severe. When marching or encamping, if the sky is dark and cloudy, with shifting shadows, and it remains gloomy for a long time without rain or sunlight, this is a sign that the subordinates are plotting against the commander and harbor deep resentment. One must be cautious and carefully investigate.

軍出京本作「離」國，風自背邊生京本作「興」。大則大贏為大勝京本作「吉兆」，小風小勝總堪徵，天意助吾行。 軍京本作「兵」大舉，方出帝王城。逆面風來軍恐懼，合將人馬結營停，守過待時更京本作「行」。 軍行次，風猛逆狂吹。出陣若逢如此兆，不如抽退得全歸，免損將兵辛本、川本作「軍」危。

When the army sets out from the border, the wind blows from behind, which is a sign of favorable winds aiding the troops. A strong wind indicates a great victory, a weak wind suggests a minor victory; in any case, the army can proceed, indicating that heaven supports this campaign. When the army begins its campaign, just after leaving the capital, it encounters headwinds that strike against the army, causing fear among the soldiers. In this case, the troops should camp and remain stationed, holding firm and waiting for the right time, proceeding only when the wind changes to a favorable direction. During the march, a strong headwind blows fiercely. If such a sign appears when the army is about to go into battle, it is better to retreat and withdraw the troops, ensuring the safety of all soldiers and avoiding loss of men and danger to the army.

吾擊彼，參審京本作「審彼」主人方。莫問四時並氣候，風來後助便辛本、川本作「得」無妨京本作「休論刑殺旺衰鄉」，逆面主災殃辛本、川本作「迎面莫徵狂」，京本作「風要細推詳」。 敵居所，風起自他方。便有精兵宜固守，若言舉動禍之殃，實語莫猜量。 假令京本作「今」法，且論在三冬。彼國守干吾欲討，風生辛本、川本、京本作「顛」西北不堪徵京本作「攻」，以此較餘宮。

When attacking the enemy, we should first consider and examine the position where the enemy is stationed. We need not be bound by the four seasons, the theory of the five elements' strength and decline, or the concept of killing and destruction. If the wind comes from behind us, then the attack will have no obstacles; but if the wind comes directly towards us, it indicates disaster. If the enemy's position is such that the wind is coming from another direction and does not support us, then even if we have a strong army, we should remain defensive. Any rash action at this time will bring disaster. This is a fact, and there is no need for further hesitation or speculation. Let me give an example for calculation: suppose the time is in the three coldest months. The enemy is stationed and we wish to attack. If the wind comes from the northwest, which is the direction of the dry earth and the season of water's strength, and the wind supports the enemy's position, then it is not advisable to attack. The other directions can be compared and inferred in the same way.

雖是應京本作「風雖應」，還則京本作「即」應他方。也是彼贏吾負象，候京本作「當」其風止或攻傍京本作「成殃」，不可不參詳京本作「量」。 假令法，彼國在離間。我擁軍前辛本、川本作「前軍」、京本作「全軍」時正夏，南征辛本、川本、京本作「侵」北敵京本作「狄」苦冬寒。隨象擊傾京本作「急摧」殘。 八方法，推辛本、川本、京本作「準」此定成功。好事京本作「是」急乘他事辛本、川本、京本作「氣」逆，勿拘朝暮速吞攻京本作「功」，莫放彼從容。

The wind may show some indication, but it corresponds to another direction, which is also an omen of defeat. One should wait until the wind stops before taking action, or change to attack from the side. This point must be carefully considered. Take another example: the enemy is located in the 'Li' palace, which is the southern direction. When my army advances in the height of summer, when the heat is at its peak, the southern campaign will gain the advantage of favorable weather. Conversely, the northern enemy suffers from severe winter cold and finds it difficult to sustain. By attacking according to such seasonal signs, one can weaken the enemy's strength. The calculation of wind directions in all eight directions can be determined by following the above example. It is best to launch a rapid attack when the enemy's season and position are unfavorable. There is no need to be overly concerned with the time of day or night, and one should swiftly conquer and seize the opportunity, leaving no time for the enemy to prepare.

己亥角，辰戌成從辛本、京本改便為商。丑未寅甲皆京本作「俱」屬徵子據辛本、京本改，宮音子午正相當，卯酉羽為方京本作「旁」。 占風法，申京本作「甲」子是貪狼。丑戌謂之公正位，奸邪辰位自然當。細審辛本、川本、京本作「審細」看來方。 亥卯位辛本、川本作「未」，陰賊內京本作「在」中藏。己酉辛本、川本、京本作「巳酉」謂之寬大日京本作「位」，廉貞寅午位辛本、川本作「未」其方，知京本作「加」意細推詳。

This is the mnemonic for matching the five tones with the heavenly stems and earthly branches: Ji and Hai belong to the "Jue" tone; Chen and Xu belong to the "Shang" tone; Chou, Wei, Yin, and Jia belong to the "Zhi" tone; the "Gong" tone corresponds to Zi and Wu; Mao and You belong to the "Yu" tone. When divining wind direction, first determine the tone of the direction from which the wind comes, then match it with the tones of the host and guest surnames to judge fortune and misfortune. The method of divining wind also assigns star deities to each direction: Shen and Zi are associated with "Tanlang"; Chou and Xu are called "Gongzheng"; Chen is naturally "Jianxie". One must carefully examine the direction from which the wind comes to determine its fortune or misfortune. Hai and Mao are associated with "Yinzei", indicating hidden schemes; Si and You are called "Kuanda"; "Lianzhen" corresponds to Yin and Wu. The diviner must carefully consider and thoroughly examine, without being hasty.

占飄起，客認納音風。徵羽宮商並角姓，盡為主客辛本、川本、京本作「位」辨方蹤，勝負在其中。 納音土，欲得角來風。土是客軍水京本作「木」是主，風從己亥發來沖，客敗主收功。 納音土，風向羽來吹。卯酉位也。水被土凌能克伏，定知主敗客來追，莫要展旌旗。

When the wind first begins to rise, the guest army should identify the Five Phases attribute of the wind according to the Nayin sound element. The five tones, Zheng, Yu, Gong, Shang, and Jue, each correspond to certain surnames, which are all used to determine the directions and movements of both the host and the guest armies, and the outcome of victory or defeat is revealed in this process. The guest army's Nayin belongs to Earth, and they originally hoped to receive the Jue tone wind for assistance. However, the Jue tone belongs to Wood, and since Earth is the guest and Wood is the host, the wind originates from the Jihai Jue position, with Wood reversing to overcome Earth. As a result, the guest army suffers defeat, and the host army gains the victory. (In the Beijing edition, "water is the main" is written as "wood is the main," which aligns with the principles of the Five Phases.) The guest army's Nayin belongs to Earth, and the wind comes from the Yu tone position. The Yu tone corresponds to the卯 and酉 positions. Yu belongs to Water, which is overcome and subdued by Earth. This indicates that the host army will suffer defeat, and the guest army will pursue the victory. The host side should no longer raise flags for battle.

軍營內，忽有旋風來京本作「卯酉羽風吹」。吹折槍旗並倒屋，奸謀惡黨並來推辛本、川本、京本作「欲來摧」，暗有賊兵欺京本作「來」。又防火。京本注：「風從內起謀在裡，風從外入賊在內。」 風來處，如式辛本作「遇」作泥人。葦箭挑弓披髮向，望空搭箭射來蹤。禳厭禍消鎔。 泥人子，手執木桃弓。披髮仰頭風上指，張弓搭箭射來蹤，禳厭禍消鎔。禳惡風法。

Within the military camp, a whirlwind suddenly arose, breaking the spears and flags, and overturning the tents. This is a sign that wicked conspirators intend to undermine our forces, and that enemy soldiers are secretly attacking. It is also necessary to be on guard against fire. The commentary from the capital says: if the wind rises from within the camp and blows outward, it indicates that treachery originates from within; if the wind blows in from outside, it means the enemy has already infiltrated the camp. This is the method used in ancient military practices to ward off evil winds: in the direction from which the evil wind comes, shape a clay figure according to the prescribed method, letting it have loose hair and holding a reed arrow in its hand as if drawing a bow. Face the wind direction, and shoot an arrow into the air toward the trace of the wind's origin. By using this method of "propitiation and exorcism," the calamity can be dispelled. The clay figure holds a peachwood bow, has loose hair and looks upward, pointing to the upper direction where the wind arises, drawing the bow and shooting an arrow toward the trace of the wind's origin, and the calamity is thus dispelled. This is the method of exorcising evil winds.

風衣起京本作「動」，晝則不聞聲。寇賊夜行明則伏，遣人窺辛本、川本作「探」視京本作「伺候」莫教停，防備夜偷營。 邦京本作「郡」與邑，風猛似雷聲。折木飛沙並京本作「兼」走石，搖門拔戶禍應生，第一怕三刑。京本注：「寅申己亥辰戌丑未之類。」 軍營內，風猛突然來。若在歲刑憂歲內，月刑之內必為災，準備莫遲回。

A gentle breeze only slightly moves the sleeves, and during the day there is no sound of wind. This is a sign that the enemy is marching at night and will hide themselves at dawn. One should send people to keep constant watch and be on guard against the enemy's nighttime attack. When there is a strong wind above a city, state, or county, it is as loud as thunder, breaking trees, causing flying sand and stones, and shaking doors and windows. This indicates that misfortune is about to occur. Among these, the most dangerous is when the day involves "three punishments." The commentary in the main text says: "Three punishments" refer to combinations of punishments and clashes such as寅 and申,巳 and亥, or 辰 and戌,丑 and未. If a sudden strong wind attacks the military camp, and if the day is exactly the "annual punishment," one should worry about something happening within the year. If it is the "monthly punishment," then disaster will occur within the month. One must prepare early and must not hesitate or retreat.

干與坎，艮震巽離宮。坤兌八方真正位，敵軍京本作「人」居守起方風，狂辛本、川本、京本作「枉」戰我無功攻據辛本、川本、京本改。 吾攻彼，審令看風情。令不順方兵辛本、川本、京本作「吾」莫京本作「可」擊，風如京本作「仍」順我必攻城京本作「成」，降虜出前迎。 營下畢，風卒似雷聲。吹倒槍旗並辛本、川本、京本作「旗槍飄」帳幕，須防敵騎欲偷辛本、川本作「棄」、京本作「奪」營，大戰血交並。天風起，有雷聲吼，三朝五日同。

The eight trigrams, Qian, Kan, Gen, Zhen, Xun, Li, Kun, and Dui, represent the eight cardinal directions. If the wind blows strongly from the direction where the enemy is stationed, it indicates that the wind supports the enemy's position. If our side insists on attacking under such circumstances, it will be in vain, and the attack will fail. When we plan to attack the enemy, we must first examine the season and observe the wind direction. If the season and direction are not aligned, we should not launch an attack. If the wind supports us, then attacking the city will surely succeed, and the enemy will come out to surrender and welcome us. If the camp is just set up and a sudden strong wind arises, roaring like thunder, blowing down weapons and flags and overturning tents, we should be on guard against enemy cavalry stealing our camp, leading to a bloody battle. If there is a great wind with thunderous sounds, this omen will be effective within three to five days.

兵行次，風卒亂辛本、京本作「突」軍旗。人馬驚奔皆恐懼京本作「悸恐」，前程必有廟堂期京本作「基」，祭拜免災危。 臨陣次京本作「處」，風向後飄京本作「頭」來。旗幟翩翩吹向敵京本作「從敵上」，天威默助凱歌回，賊敗息京本作「悉」塵埃。 臨陣次京本作「處」，風起四維間。兵近塞京本作「寨」邊先備敵，更辛本、京本作「便」從豹尾擊黃幡。殺敵京本作「賊」不為難。

While marching through the army, a sudden storm arises, disturbing the military banners, causing horses and soldiers to panic and the whole army to be in fear. This is a sign that there must be a shrine or temple ahead; by offering sacrifices there, the disaster can be averted. When facing the enemy in battle, if the wind blows from behind our army and the banners flutter towards the enemy, this indicates that heavenly power is secretly aiding us. Our army will surely achieve a great victory, the enemy will scatter, and all dust will be cleared away. When in battle, if the wind arises from the four cardinal directions — Qian, Kun, Gen, and Xun — and the army is already close to the enemy's camp, we must first be on guard against an enemy attack. Then, we should attack according to the positions of the two divine omens, "Bao Wei" and "Huang Fan," and defeating the enemy will not be difficult.

兵若進，先辛本、京本作「須」要京本作「是」識浮雲。雲氣順時京本作「隨」當急京本作「速」戰，毋京本作「勿」令雲散後交兵，莫問晝陰晴。 商音姓，軍陣見雲從從營從辛本、京本改。白與黑時京本作「兮」吾大吉，青雲亦京本作「主」勝赤雲凶，黃者兩平蹤。辛本注：「主取天子姓，不主出帥姓。」京本注：「天子出，取天子姓，不出則以主將。」 角音姓，青氣見辛本作「寓」晴空。黃赤二雲軍京本作「兵」亦勝，黑雲陰助喜先鋒，白色定為凶。

When the army is about to advance, the first thing is to identify the floating clouds in the sky. If the clouds indicate favorable conditions for our side, we should seize the opportunity to fight decisively; we must not wait until the clouds disperse before engaging in battle. Whether it is day or cloudy does not matter. If the general's surname belongs to the 'Shang' tone (metal), then when clouds rise from the camp, white clouds and black clouds indicate great fortune, and green clouds also signify victory. Red clouds are ominous, and yellow clouds suggest a balanced situation between both sides. Xin's commentary says: the tone should be taken from the emperor's surname, not from the commander's. Jing's commentary says: if the emperor personally leads the army, the emperor's surname is used; if the emperor does not lead, then the commander's surname is used for divination. If the general's surname belongs to the 'Jue' tone (wood), then if green clouds appear in clear skies, it indicates the general's tone is in harmony with the atmosphere, which is favorable. If yellow or red clouds appear, the army can still achieve victory. If black clouds appear in darkness, they assist the vanguard in attacking. However, if white clouds appear, metal will overcome wood, which is definitely ominous.

宮音姓，黃色京本作「赤」要先逢。青色氣京本作「雲」來軍大敗，更兼兵死將無功，黑氣利先攻京本作「鋒」。 徵音姓，赤色火燒金。非火京本作「是」克金成大器，青雲京本作「贏」黃助黑雲凶辛本作「白雲黑氣現黃雲」。軍將禍京本作「盡」殃深。 羽音姓，惟是辛本作「事」要青京本作「黑雲」青。列陣賊來先自京本作「是」走，赤黃白黑京本作「赤雲遍處」總非贏，宜退京本作「去」不宜徵。

The general's surname belongs to the "Gong" tone (five tones belong to earth). First, he should encounter yellow clouds, as yellow is the natural color of earth. If blue clouds appear, wood will overcome earth, leading to a great defeat, with casualties among soldiers and the general achieving no success. If black clouds appear, it is favorable for a preemptive attack. The general's surname belongs to the "Zheng" tone (five tones belong to fire). Red clouds belong to fire, which can melt metal and stone. Although fire overcomes metal, it can make metal more refined, so it is not entirely凶. If blue or yellow clouds appear, they will assist and bring good fortune. However, if black clouds appear, water will overcome fire, causing great misfortune to the general. The general's surname belongs to the "Yu" tone (five tones belong to water). It is most suitable to see blue clouds, as water generates wood and wood is the child of water, which is a mutual generation and brings good fortune. If this appears, the enemy will retreat before battle when the army is arranged. If red, yellow, white, or black clouds appear, the army will not be able to win, and retreat is advisable rather than advancing for battle.

雲起處京本作「氣至」，形色辛本、川本作「行色」重而烏。暗伏賊兵京本作「師」軍不見，露其形體京本作「體象」在高隅，一半是番胡。 雲起處京本作「氣至」，低覆似人形。此是賊軍辛本作「兵」謀我象京本作「重」，須防入境起征凶京本作「凶徵」，遣將用精兵。 雲似虎，或若豹行形京本作「形行」。及似穿連走匹練首本注：「一作驄」。辛本、川本作「絹」。暴師入境卻偷營，排京本作「(□□去)」陣整兵迎。

Clouds rising in a certain place, dark and heavy in color, indicate that the enemy is secretly ambushing and our army is not yet aware of it; the heavy and turbid clouds do not disperse, revealing the form of the hidden troops in a corner of the high ground, suggesting that about half of the invading force consists of foreign troops. The diviner should follow the direction of the clouds to search for the hidden path. Clouds rising low, pressing down and forming the shape of a person, with clouds hanging low as if a person is crouching and looking around, indicates that the enemy is plotting against us. One should be on guard against the enemy crossing the border and causing calamity, and should dispatch capable generals and use well-trained troops to attack, without waiting for them to arrive. The shape of the clouds resembles a tiger or a leopard moving, or like white silk bands racing past. Tigers and leopards symbolize warfare, while white silk bands symbolize weapons, indicating that a powerful army is crossing the border to attack the camp. One should prepare the formation and organize the troops in advance to meet them, and must not be careless or neglectful of vigilance. (The term '匹练' is noted in the first edition as '骢', and in the Xin edition and Chuan edition as '匹绢'.)

四方現，雲色京本作「氣」競騰過。黯淡相親京本作「侵」來我寨，賊來請命未為和，賢將莫蹉跎。 雲起現，片片或舒長。有似舒繩排椽木，名為愁氣不相當，現處將憂喪。 雲氣赤，尤更接連綿。有似長藤無京本作「並」斷續，外邦賊起入京本作「及」中原，主戰在秋天京本作「前」。

Clouds appear in all four directions, rising and surging past each other, dark in color and pressing upon our camp. At this time, if the enemy comes to surrender and beg for mercy, it is not sincere peace, and a wise general should not delay the opportunity. Clouds appear in patches, spreading and extending like ropes laid out or like rafters arranged. This kind of cloud is called "grief cloud," a portent of ill omen; wherever it appears, the general in that direction will suffer misfortune and loss. Red clouds stretch continuously, unbroken like a long vine. Red is the color of military fire, and its continuous stretch indicates recurring military calamities. This is a sign that foreign forces will rise up in rebellion and invade the Central Plains. Such events often occur in the autumn when the metal element is dominant. Border generals should prepare in advance.

雲氣赤，那更滿蒼京本作「青」天。必定賊來侵我界，黑雲中赤亦徒然，吾將必京本作「莫」遷延。 雲來往，有似兩爭龍龍爭從辛本、川本改，京本作「兩條龍」。只在外軍盤頂上，賊邦兵將必逢凶，我帥顯英雄。 軍似鳥，盤繞在其京本作「軍」中。此時京本作「是」上方天京本作「蒼加」助順，不宜複見黑雲峰，連赤亦為凶。

Red clouds spread across the entire sky, indicating that enemy forces are surely coming to invade our territory; even if black clouds contain red hues, it will still be in vain, and our generals must prepare early and not delay. Clouds moving and crossing each other resemble two dragons fighting, and if they only swirl above the enemy's camp, the enemy's troops will certainly suffer misfortune, allowing our commander to display his heroic nature. Clouds above the camp forming the shape of birds circling around the army signify heavenly assistance for our cause; however, it is not advisable for black clouds resembling peaks to appear again, as black clouds mixed with red hues are ominous signs.

甲乙日，大辛本、川本作「將」忌白雲前。若奔吾軍還勢急，理當速退京本作「去」舍平川，守固在京本作「固守險」高原。 丙丁日，若京本作「前」遇黑雲攔辛本、川本作「閒」。莫恃兵多兼將勇，也宜堅守京本作「壁」引師還。征戰京本作「伐」必遭殘殃從京本改。 戊己日，前面有雲青。忽止忽行權且住辛本、川本作「急止匆行權住在」，京本作「急止勿行權住寨」，似以京本為長，軍人訛辛本、川本作「須」語審詳聽，施德惠於京本作「其」兵辛本、川本作「施惠得中旌」。

On days when the Heavenly Stems are Jia and Yi, which belong to wood, the most unfavorable condition is when white clouds appear in front. White is the color of metal, and metal overcomes wood. If the white clouds rush swiftly towards the army and come with great force, by principle one should quickly retreat, abandon the flat plains, and retreat to high and dangerous ground to hold firm. On days when the Heavenly Stems are Bing and Ding, which belong to fire, if black clouds appear in front to block the way, black is the color of water, and water overcomes fire. At this time, one should not rely on a large army and brave generals; instead, one should firmly hold the camp and retreat with the troops. If one insists on fighting, certain defeat is inevitable. On days when the Heavenly Stems are Wu and Ji, which belong to earth, if green clouds appear in front, green is the color of wood, and wood overcomes earth. If the clouds suddenly stop and then move again, one should temporarily halt and remain stationed. Military rumors and false words should be carefully listened to, and kindness and benefits should be given to the soldiers to stabilize the army's morale. This sentence has many variant texts in different versions, and the meaning of the Beijing version, "urgent stop, do not move, stay in the camp," is the most comprehensive.

庚辛日，前忌赤雲來。勢緊迫京本作「迎」吾須大戰，彼軍得勝我軍摧，守險固顛危。過旬(京本作「日」)中卻行。 壬癸日，雲忌暗京本作「色」而黃。此兆主災軍京本作「兵」將損辛本、川本作「迎老將」，無緣兵廣恣猖狂，謀者審京本作「貴密」而詳。 觀現從辛本、京本改雲氣，擇士細詳京本作「汝當」看。晝夜用同從辛本改心精審究京本作「卻須精細審」，莫將此事以京本作「擬」為閒，風色便辛本作「辨」，京本作「旺」相干。

On days of Geng and Xin, which belong to the metal element, it is most unfavorable for red clouds to appear in front. Red represents the fire element, and fire overcomes metal. If the situation is urgent and pressing, leading to a fierce battle, the enemy will win and our forces will suffer defeat. We should hold firm at strategic positions to stabilize the critical situation, and wait until the ten days of the fortnight have passed before advancing again. On days of Ren and Gui, which belong to the water element, it is most unfavorable for the clouds to appear yellow. Yellow represents the earth element, and earth overcomes water. This omen indicates disaster and the loss of military officers and commanders. Even with a large army, one must not become reckless or arrogant because of this. The planners must be meticulous and thorough in their strategies. Observing the clouds should be done by a designated person, carefully and thoroughly. Attention must be given both day and night, with careful and precise analysis. Do not treat this matter as a trivial one. Wind direction and cloud color are inherently connected; only by considering both together can an accurate judgment be made.

軍營上，雲若似飛烏。有似蓋來並伏虎，此為勝氣不須疑，攻則定疏虞。 軍營上，雲若死灰揚。若似辛本、川本作「蓋」臥魚或乍見，此為衰氣不須張，不動將兵辛本、川本作「軍」亡。移寨遠處吉。 城頭上，突出赤色雲。或是黃紅雲上現，城中不久喜來臻，以此得和平。

If clouds above the military camp resemble flying birds, or look like Huagai covering over or a fierce tiger lying down, this is called "victory energy." There is no need to hesitate; if there is such an appearance and one attacks, the enemy will certainly be unprepared. If clouds above the military camp resemble dead ashes rising up, or look like fish lying horizontally and appearing and disappearing suddenly, this is called "declining energy." One should not make a show of military action; if it does not move, the soldiers will surely perish. At this time, it is auspicious to move the camp to a distant place. If red clouds suddenly appear on the city walls, or if red and yellow clouds appear above, red and yellow together indicate fire and earth mutually generating, which is a color of prosperity rather than one of warfare. Therefore, there will be good news soon within the city. Based on this omen, warfare can be transformed into peace, and the side surrounding the city does not need to continue attacking.

占候法，雞羽作為車。二者勿惟牙帳內，敵人千里外須圖，知辨在須臾。 將軍善，識得氣妖祥。風角鳥占能總解，心無機巧計從長，報國效忠良。既有其象，當隨其景，就謀術，以破其軍。

The method of divination by observation involves using chicken feathers to detect wind and a wind wheel cart, both of which must not be separated from the central military headquarters. With these two tools, one can predict enemy situations thousands of miles away and discern auspicious or inauspicious signs in a moment. The strength of a capable general lies in his ability to recognize strange and auspicious cloud formations. He should be proficient in various methods such as wind divination and bird omens, without harboring any cunning or personal intentions. His strategies will then be long-term and sincere, allowing him to serve his country with loyalty. When such heavenly phenomena appear, one should follow their indications, combine them with strategies and techniques, and attack the enemy.

占氣色辛本作「法」，雞羽為輪車。二者勿離牙帳內，敵人千里外須知，圖變在須臾。 軍既舉，惟以氣為先。兵若精雄加氣銳，超關投石可攻前，鼓作在英賢。 將軍善一作「位」，識得一作「善識」氣妖祥。風角鳥雲能總解，機籌策謀略又應均從辛本改相當，取勝應功良一作「征討又功強」。

Divination by observing the appearance and color requires the use of two instruments: chicken feathers for measuring wind and the wind wheel cart. These instruments must not be left behind the central military headquarters; with them, one can know about enemy situations thousands of miles away and detect any changes in their plans within moments. Once the army has set out, observing the clouds becomes the top priority. If the soldiers are strong and vigorous with a sharp and resolute spirit, they can advance by overcoming passes and breaking through fortifications; whether this sharp spirit can be inspired depends entirely on the wisdom and virtue of the commander. The strength of a good general lies in his ability to discern the auspicious or ominous signs in the clouds. He should be skilled in various methods such as wind divination, bird omens, and cloud observation, and his on-the-spot calculations and strategies should be appropriate. In this way, achieving victory and establishing merit will naturally proceed smoothly.

軍辛本、川本、京本作「兵」進擊，睹京本作「觀」氣合參詳。不似京本作「必」攻城並野戰，度其形狀自京本作「細」斟量，稍錯便乖張。 城營內，氣似鳳京本作「似鳳或」如龍。更若大京本作「太」山並類蓋，猶如辛本作「人」火京本作「人大」赤降城中，其下不堪攻。下必有貴人。 高空現，拂拂又微微。透闕京本作「秀潤」輕籠煙靉靉，一般黃氣色依依，慶賀兩朝期。

When the army is advancing, they should observe the clouds and carefully consider their appearance. Whether attacking a city or engaging in open field combat, one must carefully examine the shape of the clouds and make careful judgments; even a slight error can lead to completely wrong conclusions. Within the city and military camps, if the clouds appear like a phoenix, a dragon, or like Mount Tai or Huagai, or if there is a red flame descending into the city, then the city should not be attacked — there must be a nobleman guarding beneath it. If clouds appear high in the sky, gently moving and faintly visible, enveloping the city gates like a light mist; if there is a yellow cloud with a gentle and swirling appearance, this is a sign of auspiciousness, indicating that both courts will have something to celebrate.

猛將氣，龍虎兩京本作「氣」相連。掛翳蔽天兼掠地，蔓瓜蓋路京本作「地」覆平川，堅守莫爭先。 猛將氣，樓閣及旌幢。或似長堤形淼淼，更如華京本作「兵」蓋與王良京本作「蟲狼」，其下莫能當。 猛將氣，黑色似龍形。或似辛本、川本、京本作「類」虎形京本作「熊」並猛獸，當京本作「形」其敵上或城營，不可向前徵。

The aura of a fierce general is like a dragon and a tiger connected together, hanging down to cover and obscure, blocking the sky above and sweeping across the ground below. It also resembles a gourd vine covering a road and spreading across flat land. If this aura is present in the enemy's area, one should hold firm and not rush to fight. The aura of a fierce general appears like a building or a pavilion, or like banners and flags, or like a long embankment with a vast mist, or like the shape of the Huagai star and the Wangliang star. The area under this aura is invincible. The aura of a fierce general is black in color and shaped like a dragon, or like a tiger, or like a bear. If this aura is directly over the enemy's army or their camp, one should not advance to attack.

猛將氣，顯赫京本作「象」又衝天。或似雙蛇山嶽辛本、川本作「兵」樣，又如倉廩及濃煙，休戰最為先。 猛將氣，持戟京本作「戈」又辛本、川本、京本作「或」持刀。林下森森弓弩樣，色兼青白若脂膏，將士盡雄豪。 猛將氣，如虎黑霞遮。或似門樓旗立內，又如氣出若蛟蛇，其下將堪誇。

The aura of a fierce general is brilliant and prominent, rising straight toward the heavens, resembling two snakes, mountains, granaries, or thick smoke. When such an aura is observed, the first priority is to cease hostilities and avoid its sharp edge. The aura of a fierce general resembles a person holding a long spear and a large sword, or rows of bows and arrows arranged beneath a forest. Its color is a mixture of blue and white, moist and glossy like fat. This indicates that the soldiers on that side are all heroic and powerful. The aura of a fierce general resembles a tiger hidden beneath dark clouds, or flags raised inside a gatehouse, or a flow of air spewing out like a dragon or a snake. The general beneath such an aura possesses considerable strength and is worthy of mention.

暴兵氣，如火又如煙。或似旗旛並戰京本作「五」馬，低頭仰京本作「傾」尾面從辛本、川本、京本改向軍前京本作「前軍」，觸戰血成川。 伏兵氣，渾渾又能圓。黑京本作「赤」氣中間環赤色辛本、川本作「色」，京本作「含黑氣」，又如赤杵黑霞連京本作「邊」，其下立戈鋋。狀如赤杵在黑氣中也(據京本補)。 降兵氣，叉手盡低頭。形似成行相把手，三朝五日敵兵辛本、川本、京本作「來」求，指日倒戈矛。

The aura of an army in battle appears as something like fire and smoke, or like banners and war horses, with their heads low and tails upturned, facing our front lines. Once battle begins, blood will flow like a river. The aura of hidden troops appears as a solid mass that can form a circle, with black clouds surrounding a red center, resembling a red wooden mallet connected to dark clouds. This aura indicates hidden soldiers armed with spears and spears. Its appearance is like a red mallet placed within black clouds. The aura of surrendering troops appears as a group of people with hands spread out, all bowing their heads, or like rows of people holding hands. Seeing this aura indicates that enemy soldiers will surrender within three or five days, and they will turn against their own side within a day.

伏兵氣，仿(上髟下弗)狀如樓。兼有似人形黑赤，或如京本作「如逢」山嶽立辛本、川本、京本作「覆」崗丘京本作「頭」，其下有戈矛。 兵發京本作「發兵」日，天氣久陰沉。不雨又無光彩色，奸人謀事京本作「士」恨懷心，仔細速京本作「早」推尋。 觀現從京本、辛本、川本改氣色，日月氣來沖。北面氣來還北壯，氣南南壯或西東，常京本作「俱」以此為宗。

The aura of hidden troops appears as if shaped like a building, mixed with forms resembling black and red human figures, or like mountains pressing down upon hills. Beneath this aura, there are hidden soldiers holding spears and spears. On the day of military deployment, the sky remains dark for a long time, neither raining nor showing any brightness. This indicates the presence of wicked people harboring resentment and plotting secretly. One must carefully and swiftly investigate and trace this. When observing the visible aura, one should also consider its conflict or opposition with the energies of the sun and moon. If the aura comes from the north, the north is strong; if it comes from the south, the south is strong, and the same applies to the east and west. All divination based on aura follows this principle as its fundamental rule.

城上氣，結似犬羊京本作「作犬頭」形。象主血流圍邑破，好持降類出門迎，方免血京本作「死」殘兵。 占蒙氣，鬱鬱達辛本作「繞」城營。其氣周迴如帛繞，分毫不入此城中，休擊此般城。 城營寨，有氣入城中。必主奸謀事已定，安排大戰奪吾城，謹守令嚴明。

Clouds gathered on the city walls forming the shape of dogs and sheep, indicating a portent of blood flowing like a river and the city being surrounded and broken. The defending force should best prepare surrender documents and send envoys out of the city to accept submission, in order to avoid the calamity of soldiers dying in bloody combat. Observing the 'Meng Qi' (veil of mist), if it appears thick and swirling around the camp, with an aura encircling the city like a piece of silk wrapped around the walls without penetrating into the city, this indicates that the city is protected by divine spirits. Do not attack such a city. If foreign air invades the city walls of our own camp, it certainly signifies that the enemy has already set their schemes in motion, preparing for a major battle to seize our city. One should be cautious in defense and maintain strict orders.

軍上氣，漸漸變成雲。或作山形於直上，內中將有大辛本作「大有將」機謀，要擊且休休。 臨陣次，赤氣後前生。必有伏兵埋氣下，事須雖從辛本、川本改謹慎探其情，固守莫胡行。 占敗氣，如綱又如蛇。赤氣照天營上起，又如破屋壞氈車，其下死如麻。

The atmosphere above the military camp gradually turns into clouds or forms the shape of a mountain directly overhead, indicating that the general of this army has a significant plan. It is uncertain whether to attack or to hold back for now. At the moment of battle, if red energy arises in front and behind, there must be hidden troops beneath that energy. One must be cautious, first investigate the actual situation, remain firm and wait for the right opportunity, and must not act rashly. When observing the defeated energy, its shape resembles a net or a long snake. The red energy shines against the sky and rises from the camp, also resembling ruined houses and damaged tents. Under such energy, there will be many casualties among the troops.

占敗氣，卷京本作「掃」帚似豬羊。藤蔓死蛟並京本作「蛇兼」死狗，塵埃走鹿又京本作「及」驚獐，不戰自奔亡。 占敗氣，群鳥似低頭。或類揚灰魚臥樣辛本、京本作「死」，懸鐘映暈或牽牛，才戰若星流。 占敗氣，掃京本作「如」帚又如虹。卷席京本作「鑼鼓」懸衣灰色樣，臥尸無首覆船同，戰彼不須攻。

Divination of a defeated army's aura shows a shape like a broom, or like pigs and sheep, or like vines, or like a dead dragon snake and a dead dog, or like a deer fleeing through dust, or like a startled deer. When this aura appears, the side that displays it does not need to fight; it will naturally scatter and flee. Divination of a defeated army's aura shows a shape like a flock of birds bowing their heads, or like rising dust, or like a dead fish lying still, or like a hanging bell reflecting a halo, or like a cow being led. When this aura appears, upon engaging in battle, the army will scatter like a meteor and collapse. Divination of a defeated army's aura shows a shape like a broom or a long rainbow, like a rolled-up mat or a hanging garment, appearing dark and gloomy, or like a corpse without a head, or like a capsized boat. When the enemy displays this aura, one need only wait for it to collapse naturally, without needing to attack forcefully.

敗軍京本作「占敗」氣，鳩尾及鷹京本作「鸚」飛。或似壞山並破屋，彼軍形京本作「有」現敗無疑，一戰自京本作「才戰便」奔馳。 敗軍氣，乍有京本作「大」乍微纖京本作「微」。一去一來皆斷續，又如霞氣入青天京本作「在平田」，俱是敗之先京本作「亡原」。 敗軍氣，千萬似人頭。更有京本作「似」偃魚零落樹，如灰京本作「又如」瓦礫覆城樓，其下血交流。 黑氣現，其象若胡人。又似虜兵京本作「軍」排列陣，八方夷夏京本作「狄」起煙塵，民戮屋燒焚。

The aura of a defeated army appears like a dove's tail or an eagle flying, or like a collapsed mountain or a fallen house. When this shape appears above the enemy's army, defeat is certain, and once battle begins, they will flee. The aura of a defeated army suddenly becomes prominent and then thin, coming and going intermittently, like dissipating morning mist vanishing into the blue sky. Since the aura cannot coalesce into a definite form, it indicates scattered morale and an inability to sustain fighting spirit, hence these are all omens of defeat. The aura of a defeated army appears in thousands, like crowds of people, or like fish lying on their backs, or like withered trees, or like ashes and rubble pressing down on city walls. Under such an aura, there will certainly be widespread bloodshed. Black clouds appear, resembling barbarians, or like enemy forces arranging their formations, with smoke and fire rising from all directions between the eight regions. This portends the slaughter of common people and the burning of houses.