Duke Cheng (Years 1 to 18)

戰之日，齊國佐、高無咎至於師。衛侯出於衛，公出於壞隤。宣伯通於穆姜，欲去季、孟，而取其室。將行，穆姜送公，而使逐二子。公以晉難告，曰：“請反而聽命。”姜怒，公子偃、公子鉏趨過，指之曰：“女不可，是皆君也。”公待於壞隤，申宮儆備，設守而後行，是以後。使孟獻子守於公宮。

On the day of the battle, Guo Zuo and Gao Wujiu of Qi arrived at the army. The Marquis of Wei set out from Wei, and Duke Cheng set out from Huaiwei. Xuan Bo was having relations with Mu Jiang and wished to remove the Ji and Meng clans and take over their households. As he was about to set out, Mu Jiang saw Duke Cheng off and told him to drive out these two men. Duke Cheng told her about the troubles in Jin, saying, "Please let me return and then hear your command." Jiang was angry, and Prince Yan and Prince Zu hurried past, and she pointed at them and said, "If you cannot, these are all rulers." Duke Cheng waited at Huaiwei, announced the palace prohibitions, took precautions, and set guards before setting out, and so fell behind. He had Meng Xianzi stay behind to guard the ducal palace.

秋，會於沙隨，謀伐鄭也。宣伯使告郤犨曰：“魯侯待於壞隤以待勝者。”

In autumn, they met at Shasui to discuss attacking Zheng. Xuan Bo sent someone to tell Xi Chou, "The Marquis of Lu is waiting at Huaiwei, waiting for whichever side wins."

郤犨將新軍，且為公族大夫，以主東諸侯。取貨於宣伯而訴公於晉侯，晉侯不見公。

Xi Chou commanded the new army and was also a grand officer of the ducal clan, in charge of the eastern feudal lords. He took goods from Xuan Bo and denounced Duke Cheng to the Marquis of Jin, and the Marquis of Jin would not see Duke Cheng.

曹人請於晉曰：“自我先君宣公即位，國人曰：‘若之何憂猶未弭？’而又討我寡君，以亡曹國社稷之鎮公子，是大泯曹也。先君無乃有罪乎？若有罪，則君列諸會矣。君唯不遺德刑，以伯諸侯。豈獨遺諸敝邑？敢私布之。”

The men of Cao made a request to Jin, saying, "Since our former ruler Duke Xuan took the throne, the people said: 'Why have the troubles not ceased?' Yet you attacked our humble ruler and made the prince on whom Cao's altars relied flee; this utterly destroys Cao. Perhaps our former ruler had a crime? If he did, Your Majesty had already listed him among those at the meeting. Your Majesty does not omit either virtue or punishment in leading the feudal lords as hegemon. How could you alone omit our humble state? I dare to state this privately."

七月，公會尹武公及諸侯伐鄭。將行，姜又命公如初。公又申守而行。諸侯之師次於鄭西。我師次於督揚，不敢過鄭。子叔聲伯使叔孫豹請逆於晉師。為食於鄭郊。師逆以至。聲伯四日不食以待之，食使者而後食。

In the seventh month, Duke Cheng joined Yin Wugong and the feudal lords in attacking Zheng. As he was about to set out, Jiang again gave Duke Cheng orders as before. Duke Cheng again announced the guard and set out. The armies of the feudal lords encamped west of Zheng. Our army encamped at Duyang and did not dare pass the capital of Zheng. Zishu Shengbo sent Shusun Bao to ask the Jin army to come to meet them. Food was prepared in the Zheng suburbs. The army came to receive them. Shengbo waited four days without eating, and only ate after having the envoy eat.

諸侯遷於制田。知武子佐下軍，以諸侯之師侵陳，至於鳴鹿。遂侵蔡。未反，諸侯遷於潁上。戊午，鄭子罕宵軍之，宋、齊、衛皆失軍。

The feudal lords moved to Zhitian. Zhi Wuzi, assisting the lower army, led the feudal lords' armies to invade Chen and reached Minglu. Then he invaded Cai. Before they returned, the feudal lords moved to Yingshang. On wuwu, Zihan of Zheng made a night attack, and Song, Qi, and Wei all lost their armies.

曹人復請於晉，晉侯謂子臧：“反，吾歸而君。”子臧反，曹伯歸。子臧盡致其邑與卿而不出。

The men of Cao again petitioned Jin, and the Marquis of Jin said to Zizang, "Go back, and I will return your ruler." Zizang went back, and the Earl of Cao returned. Zizang gave back all his cities and his rank as minister and did not come out again.

宣伯使告郤犨曰：“魯之有季、孟，猶晉之有欒、範也，政令於是乎成。今其謀曰：‘晉政多門，不可從也。寧事齊、楚，有亡而已，蔑從晉矣。’若欲得志於魯，請止行父而殺之，我斃蔑也而事晉，蔑有貳矣。魯不貳，小國必睦。不然，歸必叛矣。”

Xuan Bo sent someone to tell Xi Chou, "Lu has the Ji and Meng clans, as Jin has the Luan and Fan clans, and government orders are accomplished by them. Now they plan, saying: 'The government of Jin has many gates and cannot be followed. We would rather serve Qi and Chu, at worst we perish, but we will no longer follow Jin.' If you wish to fulfill your aims in Lu, please detain Xingfu and kill him, and I will kill Mie and serve Jin, and Lu will have no double heart. If Lu has no double heart, the small states will surely be at peace. Otherwise, after he returns he will surely rebel."

九月，晉人執季文子於苕丘。公還，待於鄆。使子叔聲伯請季孫於晉，郤犨曰：“苟去仲孫蔑而止季孫行父，吾與子國，親於公室。”對曰：“僑如之情，子必聞之矣。若去蔑與行父，是大棄魯國而罪寡君也。若猶不棄，而惠徼周公之福，使寡君得事晉君。則夫二人者，魯國社稷之臣也。若朝亡之，魯必夕亡。以魯之密邇仇讎，亡而為仇，治之何及？”郤犨曰：“吾為子請邑。”對曰：“嬰齊，魯之常隸也，敢介大國以求厚焉！承寡君之命以請，若得所請，吾子之賜多矣。又何求？”範文子謂欒武子曰：“季孫於魯，相二君矣。妾不衣帛，馬不食粟，可不謂忠乎？信讒慝而棄忠良，若諸侯何？子叔嬰齊奉君命無私，謀國家不貳，圖其身不忘其君。若虛其請，是棄善人也。子其圖之！”乃許魯平，赦季孫。

In the ninth month, the men of Jin seized Ji Wenzi at Tiaoqiu. Duke Cheng returned and waited at Yun. He sent Zishu Shengbo to ask Jin to release Jisun. Xi Chou said, "If you remove Zhongsun Mie and detain Jisun Xingfu, I will give you a city, closer to you than the ducal house." He replied, "You must have heard of the situation of Qiaoru. If you remove Mie and Xingfu, it is greatly abandoning Lu and blaming our humble ruler. If you do not yet abandon us, and are kind enough to pray to the Duke of Zhou for blessing, so that our humble ruler can serve the Marquis of Jin, then those two men are ministers of Lu's altars. If they perish in the morning, Lu will surely perish by evening. With Lu adjoining its enemies, becoming enemies when it perishes, would there still be time to put it in order?" Xi Chou said, "I will ask for a city for you." He replied, "Yingqi is a common menial of Lu; how dare he rely on a great state to seek rich emolument! I receive my humble ruler's command to make this request, and if I obtain what I request, your reward is already great. What more should I seek?" Fan Wenzi said to Luan Wuzi, "Jisun has served two rulers in Lu. His concubines do not wear silk and his horses do not eat grain; can it be said he is not loyal? To heed slander and abandon the loyal and good, what will we do with the feudal lords? Zishu Yingqi carries out his ruler's command without private motive, plans for the state without double-heartedness, and in planning for himself does not forget his ruler. If we let his request come to nothing, it is to abandon a good man. Please consider this!" So they allowed Lu to make peace and pardoned Jisun.

冬十月，出叔孫僑如而盟之，僑如奔齊。

In winter, in the tenth month, they drove out Shusun Qiaoru and made a covenant with the people of the state, and Qiaoru fled to Qi.

十二月，季孫及郤犨盟於扈。歸，刺公子偃，召叔孫豹於齊而立之。

In the twelfth month, Jisun and Xi Chou made a covenant at Hu. On returning, they stabbed Prince Yan to death, and summoned Shusun Bao back from Qi and installed him.

齊聲孟子通僑如，使立於高、國之間。僑如曰：“不可以再罪。”奔衛，亦間於卿。

Sheng Mengzi of Qi had relations with Qiaoru and had his position placed between the Gao and Guo clans. Qiaoru said, "I must not offend again." He fled to Wei, and was also inserted among the ministers.

晉侯使郤至獻楚捷於周，與單襄公語，驟稱其伐。單子語諸大夫曰：“溫季其亡乎！位於七人之下，而求掩其上。怨之所聚，亂之本也。多怨而階亂，何以在位？《夏書》曰：‘怨豈在明？不見是圖。’將慎其細也。今而明之，其可乎？”

The Marquis of Jin sent Xi Zhi to the Zhou house to present the Chu prisoners, and he spoke with Shan Xianggong, repeatedly boasting of his own merits. Shanzi said to the grand officers, "Wenji will probably perish! His rank is below seven men, yet he seeks to cover those above him. Where resentment gathers is the root of disorder. To have many resentments and build the steps to disorder, how can he hold his position? The Book of Xia says: 'Is resentment only in what is plain? What is unseen should also be planned for.' This means being careful of the slight. Now he makes it conspicuous; can that do?"

【經】十有七年春，衛北宮括帥師侵鄭。夏，公會尹子、單子、晉侯、齊侯、宋公、衛侯、曹伯、邾人伐鄭。六月乙酋，同盟於柯陵。秋，公至自會。齊高無咎出奔莒。九月辛丑，用郊。晉侯使荀罃來乞師。冬，公會單子、晉侯、宋公、衛侯、曹伯、齊人、邾人伐鄭。十有一月，公至自伐鄭。壬申，公孫嬰卒於貍脤。

[Classic] In the seventeenth year, in spring, Bei Gong Kuo of Wei led an army to invade Zheng. In summer, Duke Cheng joined Yinzi, Shanzi, the Marquis of Jin, the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, and the men of Zhu in attacking Zheng. In the sixth month, on yiyou, they made a covenant together at Keling. The base text's "yiqiu" is "yiyou." In autumn, Duke Cheng returned from the meeting. Gao Wujiu of Qi fled to Ju. In the ninth month, on xinchou, the suburban sacrifice was held. The Marquis of Jin sent Xun Ying to ask for troops. In winter, Duke Cheng joined Shanzi, the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Cao, and the men of Qi and Zhu in attacking Zheng. In the eleventh month, Duke Cheng returned from the attack on Zheng. On renshen, Gongsun Yingqi died at Lizhen. The base text's "Gongsun Ying" is "Gongsun Yingqi."

十有二月丁巳朔，日有食之。邾子玃且卒。晉殺其大夫郤錡、郤犨、郤至。楚人滅舒庸。

On the first day of the twelfth month, dingsi, there was an eclipse of the sun. Jue Ju, Viscount of Zhu, died. Jin killed its grand officers Xi Qi, Xi Chou, and Xi Zhi. The men of Chu destroyed Shuyong.

【傳】十七年春，王正月，鄭子駟侵晉虛、滑。衛北宮括救晉，侵鄭，至於高氏。

[Commentary] In the seventeenth year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, Zisi of Zheng invaded Xu and Hua of Jin. Bei Gong Kuo of Wei relieved Jin and invaded Zheng, reaching the Gao clan.

夏五月，鄭大子髡頑、侯孺為質於楚，楚公子成、公子寅戍鄭。公會尹武公、單襄公及諸侯伐鄭，自戲童至於曲洧。

In summer, in the fifth month, the heir of Zheng, Kunwan, and Hou Ru were hostages in Chu, and Prince Cheng and Prince Yin of Chu garrisoned Zheng. Duke Cheng joined Yin Wugong, Shan Xianggong, and the feudal lords in attacking Zheng, from Xitong to Quwei.

晉範文子反自鄢陵，使其祝宗祈死，曰：“君驕侈而克敵，是天益其疾也。

Fan Wenzi of Jin returned from Yanling and had his ancestral priest pray for him to die, saying, "The ruler is arrogant and extravagant yet has defeated the enemy; this is Heaven adding to his illness.

難將作矣！愛我者惟祝我，使我速死，無及於難，范氏之福也。”六月戊辰，士燮卒。

(Fan Wenzi continued:) Disaster is about to break out! Those who love me should pray only for me, that I may die soon and not live to see the disaster; this is the blessing of the Fan clan." In the sixth month, on wuchen, Shi Xie died.

乙酉，同盟於柯陵，尋戚之盟也。

On yiyou, they made a covenant together at Keling, to renew the covenant of Qi.

楚子重救鄭，師於首止。諸侯還。

Zichong of Chu relieved Zheng and encamped at Shouzhi. The feudal lords went back.

齊慶克通於聲孟子，與婦人蒙衣乘輦而入於閎。鮑牽見之，以告國武子，武子召慶克而謂之。慶克久不出，而告夫人曰：“國子謫我！”夫人怒。國子相靈公以會，高、鮑處守。及還，將至，閉門而索客。孟子訴之曰：“高、鮑將不納君，而立公子角。國子知之。”秋七月壬寅，刖鮑牽而逐高無咎。無咎奔莒，高弱以盧叛。齊人來召鮑國而立之。

Qing Ke of Qi had relations with Sheng Mengzi, and with the woman, covered in clothing, rode in a carriage into the small gate of the palace. Bao Qian saw it and told Guo Wuzi, and Wuzi summoned Qing Ke and spoke about this. Qing Ke did not come out for a long time and told his wife, "Master Guo has reproached me!" His wife was angry. Guozi went to the meeting as assistant to Duke Ling, and the Gao and Bao clans stayed to guard. When they returned, as they were about to arrive, they closed the city gates and examined the guests. Mengzi complained, "Gao and Bao are going to refuse to admit the ruler, and install Prince Jiao. Guozi knows it." In autumn, in the seventh month, on renyin, Bao Qian's feet were cut off and Gao Wujiu was driven out. Wujiu fled to Ju, and Gao Ruo held Lu in rebellion. The men of Qi came to summon Bao Guo and installed him.

初，鮑國去鮑氏而來為施孝叔臣。施氏卜宰，匡句須吉。施氏之宰，有百室之邑。與匡句須邑，使為宰。以讓鮑國，而致邑焉。施孝叔曰：“子實吉。”對曰：“能與忠良，吉孰大焉！”鮑國相施氏忠，故齊人取以為鮑氏後。仲尼曰：“鮑莊子之知不如葵，葵猶能衛其足。”

Earlier, Bao Guo had left the Bao clan and came to serve as a retainer of Shi Xiaoshu. The Shi clan divined for the steward, and Kuang Juxu was auspicious. The Shi steward had a city of a hundred households. They gave the city to Kuang Juxu and made him steward. He yielded the post to Bao Guo and returned the city. Shi Xiaoshu said, "You are indeed auspicious." He replied, "To be able to give to the loyal and good, is there any greater auspiciousness than this!" Bao Guo served the Shi clan loyally, and so the men of Qi took him as heir of the Bao clan. Zhongni said, "Bao Zhuangzi's wisdom did not equal the sunflower's; the sunflower can still protect its own feet."

冬，諸侯伐鄭。十月庚午，圍鄭。楚公子申救鄭，師於汝上。十一月，諸侯還。

In winter, the feudal lords attacked Zheng. In the tenth month, on gengwu, they besieged Zheng. Prince Shen of Chu relieved Zheng and encamped on the banks of the Ru. In the eleventh month, the feudal lords went back.

初，聲伯夢涉洹，或與己瓊瑰，食之，泣而為瓊瑰，盈其懷。從而歌之曰：“濟洹之水，贈我以瓊瑰。歸乎！歸乎！瓊瑰盈吾懷乎！”懼不敢占也。還自鄭，壬申，至於狸脤而占之，曰：“餘恐死，故不敢占也。今眾繁而從餘三年矣，無傷也。”言之，之莫而卒。

Earlier, Sheng Bo dreamed that he was crossing the Huan River on foot, and someone gave him qionggui gems; he ate them, and his tears turned into qionggui gems that filled the front of his robe. Then he sang: "Crossing the Huan River, give me qionggui gems. Return! Return! The qionggui gems fill my robe!" Frightened, he did not dare to have it divined. Returning from Zheng, on the renshen day he reached Lizhen and only then had it divined, saying: "I was afraid of dying, so I did not dare to divine. Now many people follow me, and three years have passed without harm." Having said this, he died that same night.

齊侯使崔杼為大夫，使慶克佐之，帥師圍盧。國佐從諸侯圍鄭，以難請而歸。

The Marquis of Qi made Cui Zhu a high officer, with Qing Ke assisting him, and led an army to besiege Lu. Guo Zuo accompanied the feudal lords in besieging Zheng and asked to return because of trouble in the state.

遂如盧師，殺慶克，以谷叛。齊侯與之盟于徐關而復之。十二月，盧降。使國勝告難於晉，待命於清。

He then reached the army besieging Lu, killed Qing Ke and rebelled, holding Gu. The Marquis of Qi made a covenant with him at Xu Pass and restored him to his position. In the twelfth month, Lu surrendered. He sent Guo Sheng to report the trouble to Jin and await orders at Qing.

晉厲公侈，多外嬖。反自鄢陵，欲盡去群大夫，而立其左右。胥童以胥克之廢也，怨郤氏，而嬖於厲公。郤錡奪夷陽五田，五亦嬖於厲公。郤犨與長魚矯爭田，執而梏之，與其父母妻子同一轅。既，矯亦嬖於厲公。欒書怨郤至，以其不從己而敗楚師也，欲廢之。使楚公子伐告公曰：“此戰也，郤至實召寡君。以東師之未至也，與軍帥之不具也，曰：‘此必敗！吾因奉孫周以事君。’”公告欒書，書曰：“其有焉！不然，豈其死之不恤，而受敵使乎？君盍嘗使諸周而察之？”郤至聘於周，欒書使孫周見之。公使覘之，信。遂怨郤至。

Duke Li of Jin was extravagant and had many favorites outside. After returning from Yanling, he wished to get rid of all the high officers and set up the men around him. Xu Tong resented the Xi clan because Xu Ke had been dismissed, and he had gained Duke Li's favor. Xi Qi seized the fields of Yiyang Wu, and Wu too had gained Duke Li's favor. Xi Chou quarreled with Changyu Jiao over fields, seized him, put him in fetters and tied him to the same chariot shaft as his parents and wife. Later Jiao too gained Duke Li's favor. Luan Shu resented Xi Zhi because he had not followed his advice yet had defeated the Chu army, and wished to remove him. He had Prince Fa of Chu tell Duke Li: "In this battle it was actually Xi Zhi who summoned our ruler. Because the eastern armies had not yet arrived and the army commanders were not all present, he said: 'This is sure to fail! I will take the occasion to set up Sun Zhou and serve Your Majesty.'" The Duke told Luan Shu, who said: "Perhaps there is something in it! Otherwise, would he not fear death and yet accept an envoy from the enemy? Why does Your Majesty not try sending him to the Zhou court to observe?" Xi Zhi went to the Zhou court on a visit, and Luan Shu had Sun Zhou meet him. The Duke sent someone to spy, and believed it. He then resented Xi Zhi.

厲公田，與婦人先殺而飲酒，後使大夫殺。郤至奉豕，寺人孟張奪之，郤至射而殺之。公曰：“季子欺餘。”

Duke Li went hunting, and he and the women first hunted and drank, and only afterward let the high officers hunt. Xi Zhi presented a boar, the eunuch Meng Zhang snatched it, and Xi Zhi shot him dead. The Duke said: "Jizi insults me."

厲公將作難，胥童曰：“必先三郤，族大多怨。去大族不逼，敵多怨有庸。”

The Duke was about to start the attack, and Xu Tong said: "We must first deal with the three Xi, whose clan is large and whose resentments are many. If we remove a large clan, there is no pressure; if we deal with those with many resentments, there is merit."

公曰：“然。”郤氏聞之，郤錡欲攻公，曰：“雖死，君必危。”郤至曰：“人所以立，信、知、勇也。信不叛君，知不害民，勇不作亂。失茲三者，其誰與我？死而多怨，將安用之？君實有臣而殺之，其謂君何？我之有罪，吾死後矣！若殺不辜，將失其民，欲安，得乎？待命而已！受君之祿，是以聚黨。有黨而爭命，罪孰大焉！”壬午，胥童、夷羊五帥甲八百，將攻郤氏。長魚矯請無用眾，公使清沸魋助之，抽戈結衽，而偽訟者。三郤將謀於榭。矯以戈殺駒伯、苦成叔於其位。溫季曰：“逃威也！”遂趨。矯及諸其車，以戈殺之，皆屍諸朝。

The Duke said: "Right." The Xi heard of it, and Xi Qi wished to attack the Duke, saying: "Even if we die, the ruler will certainly be in danger." Xi Zhi said: "That by which a man stands is good faith, wisdom and courage. Good faith means not betraying the ruler, wisdom means not harming the people, and courage means not making disorder. If we lose these three, who will cling to us? Dead, we would also be much resented; what use would that be? If the ruler truly has ministers and kills them, what will become of the ruler? If I have committed a crime, my death is already late! If he kills the innocent, he will lose the people; would he be able to find peace? Let us just wait for orders! We received the ruler's salary and therefore gathered followers. Having followers and then fighting the command, is there any crime greater than that!" On the renwu day, Xu Tong and Yiyang Wu led eight hundred armored soldiers to attack the Xi clan. Changyu Jiao asked not to use the crowd, and the Duke sent Qingfei Tui to help him; they drew their dagger-axes and tucked up their robes, pretending to be litigants in a quarrel. The three Xi were about to plan on the terrace. Jiao used his dagger-axe to kill Ju Bo and Kucheng Shu on their seats. Wen Ji said: "Avoid their power!" and ran fast. Jiao caught up with his chariot and killed him with the dagger-axe; all their bodies were laid out in the court.

胥童以甲劫欒書、中行偃於朝。矯曰：“不殺二子，憂必及君。”公曰：“一朝而屍三卿，餘不忍益也。”對曰：“人將忍君。臣聞亂在外為奸，在內為軌。御奸以德，御軌以刑。不施而殺，不可謂德。臣逼而不討，不可謂刑。德刑不立，奸軌並至。臣請行。”遂出奔狄。公使辭於二子，曰：“寡人有討於郤氏，既伏其辜矣。大夫無辱，其復職位。”皆再拜稽首曰：“君討有罪，而免臣於死，君之惠也。二臣雖死，敢忘君德。”乃皆歸。公使胥童為卿。

Xu Tong used armored soldiers to seize Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan in the court. Jiao said: "If these two are not killed, trouble will surely come upon the ruler." The Duke said: "In a single morning three ministers have been laid out dead; I cannot bear to add more." Jiao answered: "Others will be able to bear it against Your Majesty. I have heard that disorder outside is called villainy, and disorder inside is called treachery. To resist villainy one uses virtue, and to resist treachery one uses punishment. To kill without showing virtue cannot be called virtue. When ministers press and one does not punish them, it cannot be called punishment. If virtue and punishment are not established, villainy and treachery arrive together. I ask to leave." He then fled to the Di. The Duke sent a message to the two, saying: "I punished the Xi clan, and they have already submitted to their guilt. The high officers have not been shamed; return to your posts." Both bowed twice with their heads to the ground and said: "Your Majesty punishes the guilty and saves your servants from death; this is your kindness. Even if we two should die, would we dare forget Your Majesty's virtue?" So they both returned. The Duke made Xu Tong a minister.

公遊於匠麗氏，欒書、中行偃遂執公焉。召士匄，士匄辭。召韓厥，韓厥辭，曰：“昔吾畜於趙氏，孟姬之讒，吾能違兵。古人有言曰：‘殺老牛莫之敢屍。’而況君乎？二三子不能事君，焉用厥也！”舒庸人以楚師之敗也，道吳人圍巢，伐駕，圍釐、虺，遂恃吳而不設備。楚公子櫜師襲舒庸，滅之。

The Duke was amusing himself at the Jiangli clan's house, and Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan then seized the Duke. They summoned Shi Gai, but Shi Gai declined. They summoned Han Jue, but Han Jue declined, saying: "In the past I was raised in the Zhao household, and when Meng Ji slandered them, I was able not to use arms. The ancients have a saying: 'When killing an old ox, nobody dares to take responsibility.' How much more so a ruler? You gentlemen could not serve your ruler; what need is there of Jue!" The people of Shuyong, because the Chu army had been defeated, led the men of Wu to besiege Chao, attack Jia and besiege Li and Hui, and then relied on Wu and did not set up defenses. Prince Gaoshi of Chu attacked Shuyong by surprise and destroyed it.

閏月乙卯晦，欒書、中行偃殺胥童。民不與郤氏，胥童道君為亂，故皆書曰：“晉殺其大夫。”

In the intercalary month, at the end of the month on the yimao day, Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan killed Xu Tong. The people did not cling to the Xi clan, but Xu Tong had led the ruler into disorder, and so the Spring and Autumn Annals in each case records: "Jin killed its high officer."

【經】十有八年春王正月，晉殺其大夫胥童。庚申，晉弒其君州蒲。齊殺其大夫國佐。公如晉。夏，楚子、鄭伯伐宋。宋魚石復入於彭城。公至自晉。晉侯使士匄來聘。秋，杞伯來朝。八月，邾子來朝，築鹿囿。己丑，公薨於路寢。冬，楚人、鄭人侵宋。晉侯使士魴來乞師。十有二月，仲孫蔑會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、邾子、齊崔杼同盟於虛朾。丁未，葬我君成公。

[Classic] In the eighteenth year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, Jin killed its high officer Xu Tong. On the gengshen day, the men of Jin murdered their ruler Zhoupu. Qi killed its high officer Guo Zuo. Duke Cheng went to Jin. In summer, the Viscount of Chu and the Earl of Zheng attacked Song. Yu Shi of Song entered Pengcheng again. Duke Cheng returned from Jin. The Marquis of Jin sent Shi Gai on a visit. In autumn, the Earl of Qi came to court. In the eighth month, the Viscount of Zhu came to court, and the Park of Deer was built. On the jichou day, Duke Cheng died in the main hall. In winter, the men of Chu and Zheng invaded and attacked Song. The Marquis of Jin sent Shi Fang to ask for troops. In the twelfth month, Zhongsun Mie joined the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Viscount of Zhu and Cui Zhu of Qi in a covenant at Xuting. On the dingwei day, our ruler Duke Cheng was buried.

【傳】十八年春，王正月庚申，晉欒書、中行偃使程滑弒厲公，葬之於翼東門之外，以車一乘。使荀罃、士魴逆周子於京師而立之，生十四年矣。大夫逆於清原，周子曰：“孤始願不及此。雖及此，豈非天乎！抑人之求君，使出命也，立而不從，將安用君？二三子用我今日，否亦今日，共而從君，神之所福也。”

[Commentary] In the eighteenth year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, on the gengshen day, Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan of Jin sent Cheng Hua to murder Duke Li, and he was buried outside the east gate of Yi with a single chariot. They sent Xun Ying and Shi Fang to the capital to meet Zhouzi and set him up; he was already fourteen. The high officers met him at Qingyuan, and Zhouzi said: "The wish I once had did not reach this point. Even if it has, is it not Heaven's doing! But people seek a ruler in order that he issue commands. If they set him up and do not obey, what will they use a ruler for? You gentlemen use me today, and may not use me today; respectfully obeying the ruler is what the spirits bless."

對曰：“群臣之願也，敢不唯命是聽。”庚午，盟而入，館於伯子同氏。辛巳，朝於武宮，逐不臣者七人。周子有兄而無慧，不能辨菽麥，故不可立。

They answered: "It is the wish of your servants; how dare we not obey your command alone." On the gengwu day, they made a covenant and then entered the city and stayed at the house of the Bozitong clan. On the xinsi day, he held court in the Wu Palace and drove away seven men who did not act like ministers. Zhouzi had an elder brother who was without wisdom, unable to tell beans from wheat, so he could not be set up.

齊為慶氏之難故，甲申晦，齊侯使士華免以戈殺國佐於內宮之朝。師逃於夫人之宮。書曰：“齊殺其大夫國佐。”棄命，專殺，以谷叛故也。使清人殺國勝。

Because of the trouble with the Qing clan in Qi, at the end of the month on the jiashen day, the Marquis of Qi sent Shi Huamian to kill Guo Zuo with a dagger-axe in the court of the inner palace. The troops fled into the lady's palace. The Spring and Autumn Annals records: "Qi killed its high officer Guo Zuo," because he abandoned orders, killed on his own authority and rebelled holding Gu. He had the men of Qing kill Guo Sheng.

國弱來奔，王湫奔萊。慶封為大夫，慶佐為司寇。既，齊侯反國弱，使嗣國氏，禮也。

Guo Ruo came to take refuge, and Wang Qiu fled to Lai. Qing Feng became a high officer and Qing Zuo became Minister of Justice. Later the Marquis of Qi had Guo Ruo return and succeed to the Guo clan, which accords with ritual.

二月乙酉朔，晉悼公即位於朝。始命百官，施捨、己責，逮鰥寡，振廢滯，匡乏困，救災患，禁淫慝，薄賦斂，宥罪戾，節器用，時用民，欲無犯時。使魏相、士魴、魏頡、趙武為卿。荀家、荀會、欒黶、韓無忌為公族大夫，使訓卿之子弟共儉孝弟。使士渥濁為大傅，使修範武子之法。右行辛為司空，使修士蒍之法。弁糾御戎，校正屬焉，使訓諸御知義。荀賓為右，司士屬焉，使訓勇力之士時使。卿無共御，立軍尉以攝之。祁奚為中軍尉，羊舌職佐之，魏絳為司馬，張老為候奄。鐸遏寇為上軍尉，籍偃為之司馬，使訓卒乘親以聽命。程鄭為乘馬御，六騶屬焉，使訓群騶知禮。凡六官之長，皆民譽也。舉不失職，官不易方，爵不逾德，師不陵正，旅不逼師，民無謗言，所以復霸也。

In the second month, on the first day, yiyou, Duke Dao of Jin took the throne in the court. He began by appointing the officials, gave relief and cancelled debts, extended kindness to widowers and widows, promoted those who had been dismissed or stalled, corrected want, relieved calamity, forbade licentiousness, lightened levies, pardoned offenses, moderated the use of utensils, used the people's labor according to the farming seasons, and did not let desires interfere with the seasons. He made Wei Xiang, Shi Fang, Wei Jie and Zhao Wu ministers. Xun Jia, Xun Hui, Luan Yan and Han Wuji became high officers of the ducal clan, and he had them teach the ministers' sons to be respectful, frugal, filial and fraternal. He made Shi Wozhuo Grand Tutor and had him restore the regulations of Fan Wuzi. Youhang Xin became Minister of Works, and was to restore the regulations of Shi Wei. Bian Jiu drove the war chariot, with the Correctors under him, and was to teach the drivers to know righteousness. Xun Bin became chariot-right, with the Controllers of Soldiers under him, and was to teach men of courage and strength to be used in due season. The ministers had no fixed drivers, and military commandants were set up to act in their place. Qi Xi became Commandant of the Central Army, with Yangshe Zhi assisting; Wei Jiang became Marshal, and Zhang Lao the Scout Officer. Duo E Kou became Commandant of the Upper Army, with Ji Yan as his Marshal, and they were to teach the infantry and chariot troops to be close and obedient to commands. Cheng Zheng became Master of the Riding Horses, with the six grooms under him, and was to teach the grooms to know ritual. All the heads of the six offices were those praised by the people. Appointments did not lose their functions, offices did not change their constant ways, rank did not exceed virtue, divisions did not overstep the proper chief, brigades did not press upon divisions, and the people had no complaints, and so Jin was able to become hegemon again.

公如晉，朝嗣君也。

Duke Cheng went to Jin to pay court to the newly enthroned ruler.

夏六月，鄭伯侵宋，及曹門外。遂會楚子伐宋，取朝郟。楚子辛、鄭皇辰侵城郜，取幽丘，同伐彭城，納宋魚石、向為人、鱗朱、向帶、魚府焉，以三百乘戍之而還。書曰“復入”，凡去其國，國逆而立之，曰“入”；復其位，曰“復歸”；諸侯納之，曰“歸”。以惡曰復入。宋人患之。西鉏吾曰：“何也？若楚人與吾同惡，以德於我，吾固事之也，不敢貳矣。大國無厭，鄙我猶憾。不然，而收吾憎，使贊其政，以間吾釁，亦吾患也。今將崇諸侯之奸，而披其地，以塞夷庚。逞奸而攜服，毒諸侯而懼吳、晉。吾庸多矣，非吾憂也。且事晉何為？晉必恤之。”

In summer, in the sixth month, the Earl of Zheng invaded and attacked Song as far as outside the Cao Gate. He then joined the Viscount of Chu in attacking Song and took Chaojia. Zixin of Chu and Huang Chen of Zheng invaded and attacked Chenggao, took Youqiu, and together attacked Pengcheng, bringing Yu Shi, Xiang Weiren, Lin Zhu, Xiang Dai and Yu Fu back into Song, and returned after garrisoning it with three hundred chariots. The Spring and Autumn Annals records "entered again." Whenever one who has left his own state is welcomed and set up by his own state, it is called "entering"; restoring his former position is called "returning"; being sent in by a feudal lord is called "returning" (gui); and using force is called "entering again." The men of Song were worried. Xi Chuwu said: "What is there to worry about? If the men of Chu shared our hatreds and gave us virtue, we would naturally serve them and would not dare to have a divided heart. A great state is insatiable and would regret it if we were treated only as a border town. Otherwise, taking in those we hate and letting them assist in government in order to exploit our weaknesses is also a trouble for us. Now they will exalt the villains among the feudal lords and give them land, blocking the main roads of travel. This lets villains succeed and makes the obedient disaffected, poisons the feudal lords and makes Wu and Jin afraid. We shall be of more use, and this is not our worry. Besides, what is the point of serving Jin? Jin will surely take pity on us."

公至自晉。晉範宣子來聘，且拜朝也。君子謂：“晉於是乎有禮。”

Duke Cheng returned from Jin. Fan Xuanzi of Jin came on a visit and also thanked us for the court visit. The gentleman held that: "Jin was ritually correct in this matter."

秋，杞桓公來朝，勞公，且問晉故。公以晉君語之。杞伯於是驟朝於晉而請為昏。

In autumn, Duke Huan of Qi came to court, consoled Duke Cheng and asked about Jin's affairs. Duke Cheng told him about the lord of Jin. The Earl of Qi then repeatedly went to Jin to pay court and ask for marriage.

七月，宋老佐、華喜圍彭城，老佐卒焉。

In the seventh month, Lao Zuo and Hua Xi of Song besieged Pengcheng, and Lao Zuo died there.

八月，邾宣公來朝，即位而來見也。

In the eighth month, Duke Xuan of Zhu came to court, visiting after his accession.

築鹿囿，書，不時也。

The Park of Deer was built; the Spring and Autumn Annals records it because it was not in season.

己丑，公薨於路寢，言道也。

On the jichou day, Duke Cheng died in the main hall, which means he died in the proper way.

冬十一月，楚子重救彭城，伐宋，宋華元如晉告急。韓獻子為政，曰：“欲求得人，必先勤之，成霸安強，自宋始矣。”晉侯師於臺谷以救宋，遇楚師於靡角之谷。楚師還。

In winter, in the eleventh month, Zizhong of Chu relieved Pengcheng and attacked Song, and Hua Yuan of Song went to Jin to report the emergency. Han Xianzi was in charge of government and said: "If one wishes to win over others, one must first toil for them; to achieve hegemony and give peace to the strong began with Song." The Marquis of Jin encamped at Taigu to relieve Song, and met the Chu army at the Valley of Mijiao. The Chu army went back.

晉士魴來乞師。季文子問師數於臧武仲，對曰：“伐鄭之役，知伯實來，下軍之佐也。今彘季亦佐下軍，如伐鄭可也。事大國，無失班爵而加敬焉，禮也。”

Shi Fang of Jin came to ask for troops. Ji Wenzi asked Zang Wuzhong how many troops to send, and he answered: "At the attack on Zheng, Zhi Bo came as assistant of the Lower Army. Now Zhi Ji also assists the Lower Army, so it will do to send as at the attack on Zheng. In serving a great state, not to lose one's rank order and to be even more respectful is ritual."

從之。

They followed this.

十二月，孟獻子會於虛朾，謀救宋也。宋人辭諸侯而請師以圍彭城。孟獻子請於諸侯，而先歸會葬。

In the twelfth month, Meng Xianzi met at Xuting to plan relieving Song. The men of Song thanked the feudal lords and asked for troops to besiege Pengcheng. Meng Xianzi asked the feudal lords for leave to return first to attend the funeral.

丁未，葬我君成公，書，順也。

On the dingwei day, our ruler Duke Cheng was buried; the Spring and Autumn Annals records it because it followed proper order.