Duke Zhao (First to Thirty-second Year)

戌也驕，其亡乎。富而不驕者鮮，吾唯子之見。驕而不亡者，未之有也。戌必與焉。”及文子卒，衛侯始惡於公叔戌，以其富也。公叔戌又將去夫人之黨，夫人訴之曰：“戌將為亂。”

Xu is arrogant and will probably have to flee. Few are rich and not arrogant; I have seen only you. There has never been one who is arrogant and does not flee. Xu will certainly be involved." When Wenzi died, the Marquis of Wei began to dislike Gongshu Xu because he was rich. Gongshu Xu was again about to remove the Lady's faction, and the Lady complained: "Xu is about to cause disorder."

【經】十有四年春，衛公叔戌來奔。衛趙陽出奔宋。二月辛巳，楚公子結、陳公孫佗人帥師滅頓，以頓子牂歸。夏，衛北宮結來奔。五月，于越敗吳於槜李。

[Classic] In the fourteenth year, spring, Gongshu Xu of Wei came as a refugee. Zhao Yang of Wei fled to Song. On the xinsi day of the second month, Gongzi Jie of Chu and Gongsun Tuoren of Chen led troops and destroyed Dun, taking Zang, Viscount of Dun, back. In summer, Beigong Jie of Wei came as a refugee. In the fifth month, Yue defeated Wu at Zuili.

吳子光卒。公會齊侯、衛侯於牽。公至自會。秋，齊侯、宋公會於洮。天王使石尚來歸脤。衛世子蒯聵出奔宋。衛公孟彄出奔鄭。宋公之弟辰自蕭來奔。大蒐於比蒲。邾子來會公。城莒父及霄。

Guang, Viscount of Wu, died. The Duke met the Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei at Qian. The Duke returned from the meeting. In autumn, the Marquis of Qi and the Duke of Song met at Tao. The Heavenly King sent Shi Shang to bring sacrificial meat. Kuaikui, heir of Wei, fled to Song. Gongmeng Kou of Wei fled to Zheng. The Duke of Song's younger brother Chen came as a refugee from Xiao. A great hunt was held at Bipu. The Viscount of Zhu came to meet the Duke. Jufu and Xiao were built.

【傳】十四年春，衛侯逐公叔戌與其黨，故趙陽奔宋，戌來奔。

[Commentary] In the fourteenth year, spring, the Marquis of Wei drove out Gongshu Xu and his faction, and so Zhao Yang fled to Song and Xu came as a refugee.

梁嬰父惡董安於，謂知文子曰：“不殺安於，使終為政於趙氏，趙氏必得晉國。盍以其先發難也，討於趙氏？”文子使告於趙孟曰：“範、中行氏雖信為亂，安於則發之，是安於與謀亂也。晉國有命，始禍者死。二子既伏其罪矣，敢以告。”

Liang Yingfu hated Dong Anyu and said to Zhi Wenzi: "If you do not kill Anyu and let him hold the government in the Zhao clan to the end, the Zhao clan will surely get Jin. Why not charge the Zhao clan on the ground that he started the trouble?" Wenzi sent someone to tell Zhao Meng: "Although the Fan and Zhonghang clans did cause disorder, Anyu was the first to act, so Anyu took part in plotting disorder. Jin has an order that the one who starts disorder is put to death. The two have already confessed their guilt; we dare to tell you of it."

趙孟患之。安於曰：“我死而晉國寧，趙氏定，將焉用生？人誰不死，吾死莫矣。”

Zhao Meng was troubled by this. Anyu said: "If I die and Jin is at peace and the Zhao clan is settled, what use is there in living? Who does not die, and my death is late."

乃縊而死。趙孟屍諸市，而告於知氏曰：“主命戮罪人，安於既伏其罪矣，敢以告。”知伯從趙孟盟，而後趙氏定，祀安於於廟。

So he hanged himself. Zhao Meng placed his corpse in the market and told the Zhi clan: "My lord ordered the execution of the guilty, and Anyu has already confessed his guilt; I dare to tell you." Zhibo made a covenant with Zhao Meng, and then the Zhao clan was settled, and Anyu was sacrificed to in the temple.

頓子牂欲事晉，背楚而絕陳好。二月，楚滅頓。

Zang, Viscount of Dun, wished to serve Jin, and turned against Chu and broke off friendship with Chen. In the second month, Chu destroyed Dun.

夏，衛北宮結來奔，公叔戌之故也。

In summer, Beigong Jie of Wei came as a refugee, because of Gongshu Xu.

吳伐越。越子句踐御之，陳於槜李。句踐患吳之整也，使死士再禽焉，不動。

Wu attacked Yue. Goujian, Viscount of Yue, resisted and formed ranks at Zuili. Goujian worried about the orderliness of Wu and twice sent men prepared to die to seize and challenge, but the army of Wu did not move.

使罪人三行，屬劍於頸，而辭曰：“二君有治，臣奸旗鼓，不敏於君之行前，不敢逃刑，敢歸死。”遂自剄也。師屬之目，越子因而伐之，大敗之。靈姑浮以戈擊闔廬，闔廬傷將指，取其一屨。還，卒於陘，去槜李七里。夫差使人立於庭，苟出入，必謂己曰：“夫差！而忘越王之殺而父乎？”則對曰：“唯，不敢忘！”三年，乃報越。

He had criminals line up in three rows with swords at their necks and say: "The rulers of the two states have a war; we offended the flags and drums, were unskilled before our lord's ranks, and dare not flee punishment; we come to return to death." Then they killed themselves. The eyes of the Wu army were all fixed on them, and the Viscount of Yue took the opportunity to attack and greatly defeated the Wu army. Linggu Fu struck Helu with a dagger-axe, and Helu injured his big toe, and Linggu Fu took one of his shoes. On returning, he died at Xing, seven li from Zuili. Fuchai had someone stand in the courtyard, and whenever he went in or out, the man had to say to him: "Fuchai! Have you forgotten that the King of Yue killed your father?" He would reply: "Yes, I dare not forget!" After three years, he took revenge on Yue.

晉人圍朝歌，公會齊侯、衛侯於脾、上梁之間，謀救範、中行氏。析成鮒、小王桃甲率狄師以襲晉，戰於絳中，不克而還。士鮒奔周，小王桃甲入於朝歌。

The men of Jin besieged Zhaoge, and the Duke met the Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei between Pi and Shangliang, planning to rescue the Fan and Zhonghang clans. Xi Chengfu and Xiaowang Taojia led the Di army to raid Jin, fought within Jiang, and returned without victory. Shi Fu fled to Zhou, and Xiaowang Taojia entered Zhaoge.

秋，齊侯、宋公會於洮，范氏故也。

In autumn, the Marquis of Qi and the Duke of Song met at Tao, because of the Fan clan.

衛侯為夫人南子召宋朝，會於洮。大子蒯聵獻盂於齊，過宋野。野人歌之曰：“既定爾婁豬，盍歸吾艾豭。”大子羞之，謂戲陽速曰：“從我而朝少君，少君見我，我顧，乃殺之。”速曰：“諾。”乃朝夫人。夫人見大子，大子三顧，速不進。夫人見其色，啼而走，曰：“蒯聵將殺餘。”公執其手以登臺。大子奔宋，盡逐其黨。故公孟彄出奔鄭，自鄭奔齊。

The Marquis of Wei, for the sake of the Lady Nanzi, summoned the Song court and met at Tao. Heir Kuaikui presented Yu to Qi and passed through the countryside of Song. The country people sang: "Since you have settled your sow wanting piglets, why not return our boar?" The heir felt ashamed and said to Xi Yangsu: "Follow me to pay court to the young lady; when she sees me, I will look back, and you will then kill her." Su said: "Good." So he paid court to the Lady. When the Lady saw the heir, the heir looked back three times, and Su did not step forward. The Lady saw his expression, wept and ran away, saying: "Kuaikui is about to kill me." The Duke took her hand and went up onto the terrace. The heir fled to Song, and all his faction were driven out. Therefore Gongmeng Kou fled to Zheng and from Zheng fled to Qi.

大子告人曰：“戲陽速禍餘。”戲陽速告人曰：“大子則禍餘。大子無道，使餘殺其母。餘不許，將戕於餘；若殺夫人，將以餘說。餘是故許而弗為，以紓餘死。諺曰：‘民保於信。’吾以信義也。”

The heir told others: "Xi Yangsu has harmed me." Xi Yangsu told others: "It is the heir who harmed me. The heir is without the Way and had me kill his mother. If I did not agree, he would kill me; if I killed the Lady, he would use me to clear himself. So I agreed but did not do it, to put off my death. The proverb says: 'The people are preserved by good faith.' What I used was good faith and righteousness."

冬十二月，晉人敗範、中行氏之師於潞，獲籍秦、高強。又敗鄭師及范氏之師於百泉。

In winter, in the twelfth month, the men of Jin defeated the armies of the Fan and Zhonghang clans at Lu and captured Ji Qin and Gao Qiang. They also defeated the army of Zheng and the army of the Fan clan at Baiquan.

【經】十有五年春王正月，邾子來朝。鼷鼠食郊牛，牛死，改卜牛。二月辛丑，楚子滅胡，以鬍子豹歸。夏五辛亥，郊。壬申，公薨於高寢。鄭罕達帥師伐宋。齊侯、衛侯次於渠蒢。邾子來奔喪。秋七月壬申，姒氏卒。八月庚辰朔，日有食之。九月，滕子來會葬。丁巳，葬我君定公，雨，不克葬。戊午，日下昊，乃克葬。辛巳，葬定姒。冬，城漆。

[Classic] In the fifteenth year, spring, in the first month by the Zhou calendar, the Viscount of Zhu came to court. Shrew mice gnawed the sacrificial ox for the suburban sacrifice and the ox died, and another ox was divined for. On the xinchou day of the second month, the Viscount of Chu destroyed Hu and took Bao, Viscount of Hu, back. In summer, on the xinhai day of the fifth month, the suburban sacrifice was held. On the renshen day, the Duke died in the High Chamber. Han Da of Zheng led troops and attacked Song. The Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei encamped at Qucu. The Viscount of Zhu came to the funeral. In autumn, on the renshen day of the seventh month, Lady Si died. On the gengchen first day of the eighth month, there was a solar eclipse. In the ninth month, the Viscount of Teng came to attend the burial. On the dingsi day, our ruler Duke Ding was buried; it rained and the burial could not be completed. On the wuwu day, with the sun slanting west, the burial was completed. On the xinsi day, Lady Ding Si was buried. In winter, Qi was built.

【傳】十五年春，邾隱公來朝。子貢觀焉。邾子執玉高，其容仰。公受玉卑，其容俯。子貢曰：“以禮觀之，二君者，皆有死亡焉。夫禮，死生存亡之體也。

[Commentary] In the fifteenth year, spring, Duke Yin of Zhu came to court. Zigong was watching from the side. The Viscount of Zhu held the jade high, with his face turned upward. The Duke received the jade low, with his face turned downward. Zigong said: "Judged by ritual, both rulers will meet death. Ritual is the substance of death and life, survival and ruin.

將左右周旋，進退俯仰，於是乎取之；朝祀喪戎，於是乎觀之。今正月相朝，而皆不度，心已亡矣。嘉事不體，何以能久？高仰，驕也，卑俯，替也。驕近亂，替近疾。君為主，其先亡乎！”吳之入楚也，鬍子盡俘楚邑之近胡者。楚既定，鬍子豹又不事楚，曰：“存亡有命，事楚何為？多取費焉。”二月，楚滅胡。

Turning left and right, advancing and retreating, bowing and looking up, all take their model from here; court visits, sacrifices, mourning and war are observed from here. Now at the first month's mutual court visit, neither is within measure; their minds are already lost. If a festive occasion does not get its substance, how can it last long? High and looking up is arrogance, low and looking down is slackness. Arrogance is close to disorder, and slackness is close to illness. The ruler is the host, and will probably perish first!" When Wu entered Chu, the Viscount of Hu took captive all the Chu towns near Hu. After Chu had settled, Bao, Viscount of Hu, again did not serve Chu, saying: "Survival and ruin are by fate; what is the use of serving Chu? It only adds expense." In the second month, Chu destroyed Hu.

夏五月壬申，公薨。仲尼曰：“賜不幸言而中，是使賜多言者也。”

In summer, on the renshen day of the fifth month, the Duke died. Zhongni (Confucius) said: "Ci has unluckily spoken right; this makes Ci a man of many words."

鄭罕達敗宋師於老丘。

Han Da of Zheng defeated the army of Song at Laoqiu.

齊侯、衛侯次於蘧挐，謀救宋也。

The Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei encamped at Quna, planning to rescue Song.

秋七月壬申，姒氏卒。不稱夫人，不赴，且不祔也。

In autumn, on the renshen day of the seventh month, Lady Si died. She is not called Lady (furen) because no announcement was made and no joint sacrifice was held.

葬定公。雨，不克襄事，禮也。

Duke Ding was buried. It rained and the burial could not be completed; this accords with ritual.

葬定姒。不稱小君，不成喪也。

Lady Ding Si was buried. She is not called the Lesser Ruler (xiaojun) because the funeral rites were not completed.

冬，城漆。書，不時告也。

In winter, Qi was built. It is recorded because it was not reported at the proper time.

【經】元年春王正月，公即位。楚子、陳侯、隨侯、許男圍蔡。鼷鼠食郊牛，改卜牛。夏四月辛巳，郊。秋，齊侯，衛侯伐晉。冬，仲孫何忌帥師伐邾。

[Classic] In the first year, spring, in the first month by the Zhou calendar, the Duke took the throne. The Viscount of Chu, the Marquis of Chen, the Marquis of Sui and the Baron of Xu besieged Cai. Shrew mice gnawed the sacrificial ox for the suburban sacrifice, and another ox was divined for. In summer, on the xinsi day of the fourth month, the suburban sacrifice was held. In autumn, the Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei attacked Jin. In winter, Zhongsun Heji led troops and attacked Zhu.

【傳】元年春，楚子圍蔡，報柏舉也。裡而栽，廣丈，高倍。夫屯晝夜九日，如子西之素。蔡人男女以辨，使疆於江、汝之間而還。蔡於是乎請遷於吳。

[Commentary] In the first year, spring, the Viscount of Chu besieged Cai, to avenge Boju. He built a rampart one li from the city, one zhang wide and twice as high. The soldiers camped day and night for nine days, just as Zixi had planned in advance. The men and women of Cai came out separately to surrender, and they were made to mark the boundary between the Yangzi and the Ru before the army returned. Cai then asked to move to Wu.

吳王夫差敗越於夫椒，報槜李也。遂入越。越子以甲楯五千，保於會稽。使大夫種因吳大宰嚭以行成，吳子將許之。伍員曰：“不可。臣聞之：樹德莫如滋，去疾莫如盡。昔有過澆殺斟灌以伐斟尋阝，滅夏後相。後緍方娠，逃出自竇，歸於有仍，生少康焉，為仍牧正。惎澆，能戒之。澆使椒求之，逃奔有虞，為之庖正，以除其害。虞思於是妻之以二姚，而邑諸綸。有田一成，有眾一旅，能布其德，而兆其謀，以收夏眾，撫其官職。使女艾諜澆，使季杼誘豷，遂滅過、戈，復禹之績。祀夏配天，不失舊物。今吳不如過，而越大於少康，或將豐之，不亦難乎？句踐能親而務施，施不失人，親不棄勞。與我同壤而世為仇讎，於是乎克而弗取，將又存之，違天而長寇仇，後雖悔之，不可食已。姬之衰也，日可俟也。

King Fuchai of Wu defeated Yue at Fujiao, to avenge Zuili. Then he entered Yue. The Viscount of Yue, with five thousand armored men with shields, held Kuaiji. He sent the grandee Zhong through the Grand Steward Pi of Wu to ask for peace, and the Viscount of Wu was about to agree. Wu Yuan said: "It will not do. I have heard: establishing virtue is best done by letting it grow, and removing a sickness is best done by eliminating it entirely. In the past, Jiao of Guo killed Zhenguan and attacked Zhenxun and destroyed Xiahou Xiang. Xiang's consort Hou Min was pregnant, escaped through a hole in the wall, returned to Youreng, and gave birth to Shaokang, who became the herdsman-chief of Reng. He was able to guard against Jiao, and Jiao sent Jiao Chui to seek him; he fled to Youyu and became chief cook, thereby escaping the calamity. Yu Si then married two Yao-surnamed daughters to him and enfeoffed him at Lun. He had ten li square of land and five hundred people, and was able to spread his virtue and begin his plans, gathering Xia's multitude and soothing the officials. He sent Nü Ai to spy on Jiao and Ji Zhu to lure Yi, and so destroyed Guo and Ge and restored Yu's achievement. He sacrificed to Xia, paired Heaven in worship, and did not lose the old possessions. Now Wu is not as strong as Guo, while Yue is greater than Shaokang; perhaps it will be made to grow large, and will that not be hard? Goujian can be close to others and devote himself to giving, giving without missing anyone and being close without abandoning those who toil. He shares one land with us and has been our enemy for generations. If we win at this time but do not take him, and instead preserve him, we go against Heaven and help the enemy; later, though we regret it, it cannot be undone. The decline of the Ji house can be awaited by counting days.

介在蠻夷，而長寇仇，以是求伯，必不行矣。”弗聽。退而告人曰：“越十年生聚，而十年教訓，二十年之外，吳其為沼乎！”三月，越及吳平。吳入越，不書，吳不告慶，越不告敗也。

"To be placed among the barbarians and yet help the enemy, and seek the hegemony by this, will surely not work." He was not heeded. He withdrew and told others: "Yue will spend ten years increasing its people and ten years training them; after twenty years, Wu will probably become a pond!" In the third month, Yue made peace with Wu. Wu's entering Yue is not recorded, because Wu did not report its joyous event and Yue did not report its defeat.

夏四月，齊侯、衛侯救邯鄲，圍五鹿。

In summer, in the fourth month, the Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei rescued Handan and besieged Wulu.

吳之入楚也，使召陳懷公。懷公朝國人而問焉，曰：“欲與楚者右，欲與吳者左。陳人從田，無田從黨。”逢滑當公而進，曰：“臣聞國之興也以福，其亡也以禍。今吳未有福，楚未有禍。楚未可棄，吳未可從。而晉，盟主也，若以晉辭吳，若何？”公曰：“國勝君亡，非禍而何？”對曰：“國之有是多矣，何必不復。小國猶復，況大國乎？臣聞國之興也，視民如傷，是其福也。其亡也，以民為土芥，是其禍也。楚雖無德，亦不艾殺其民。吳日敝於兵，暴骨如莽，而未見德焉。天其或者正訓楚也！禍之適吳，其何日之有？”陳侯從之。及夫差克越，乃修先君之怨。秋八月，吳侵陳，修舊怨也。

When Wu entered Chu, it summoned Duke Huai of Chen. Duke Huai held court with the people of the state and asked: "Those who wish to side with Chu stand on the right, those who wish to side with Wu stand on the left. The men of Chen who have fields go by where their fields are, and those who do not have fields go by their clans." Feng Hua went forward facing the Duke and said: "I have heard that a state rises through blessing and perishes through calamity. Now Wu has no blessing, and Chu has no calamity. Chu cannot be abandoned and Wu cannot be followed. And Jin is the leader of the covenant; if we use Jin as the excuse to decline Wu, how would that be?" The Duke said: "A state is defeated and its ruler flees; if that is not calamity, what is?" He replied: "There have been many states in such a state, and why could they not recover? Small states can recover, how much more great states? I have heard that when a state rises, it treats its people as wounded persons, and this is its blessing; when it perishes, it treats its people as mud and weeds, and this is its calamity. Although Chu has no virtue, it also does not cut down its people. Wu is wearied day by day in warfare, and exposed bones are like grass in the wild, yet no virtue is yet seen. Perhaps Heaven is now warning Chu! When disaster comes to Wu, how many days will there be?" The Marquis of Chen followed this. When Fuchai defeated Yue, he then renewed the former rulers' grievance. In autumn, in the eighth month, Wu invaded Chen, renewing the old grievance.

齊侯、衛侯會於乾侯，救范氏也，師及齊師、衛孔圉、鮮虞人伐晉，取棘蒲。

The Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei met at Qianhou, to rescue the Fan clan, and their armies, with the army of Qi, Kong Yu of Wei and the men of Xianyu, attacked Jin and took Jipu.

吳師在陳，楚大夫皆懼，曰：“闔廬惟能用其民，以敗我於柏舉。今聞其嗣又甚焉，將若之何？”子西曰：“二三子恤不相睦，無患吳矣。昔闔廬食不二味，居不重席，室不崇壇，器不彤鏤，宮室不觀，舟車不飾，衣服財用，擇不取費。

With the army of Wu in Chen, the grandees of Chu were all afraid and said: "Helu was able to defeat us at Boju only because he could use his people. Now we hear that his successor is even fiercer; what shall we do?" Zixi said: "You gentlemen need only fear that you are not in harmony among yourselves, and need not worry about Wu. In the past, Helu did not have two dishes at a meal, did not pile mats on the seat, did not build high platforms in his house, did not paint his utensils red or carve them, did not build towers and terraces in his palaces, did not decorate his boats and carts, and in clothing and expenses chose what did not waste resources.

在國，天有災癘，親巡孤寡，而共其乏困。在軍，熟食者分，而後敢食。其所嘗者，卒乘與焉。勤恤其民而與之勞逸，是以民不罷勞，死知不曠。吾先大夫子常易之，所以敗我也。今聞夫差次有臺榭陂池焉，宿有妃嬙嬪御焉。一日之行，所欲必成，玩好必從。珍異是聚，觀樂是務，視民如仇，而用之日新。夫先自敗也已。安能敗我？”冬十一月，晉趙鞅伐朝歌。

"In the state, when Heaven sent calamity or plague, he personally visited orphans and widows and supplied their needs. In the army, he shared cooked food among the soldiers before he dared to eat himself. What he tasted, the soldiers and chariot crews all shared. He toiled and cared for his people and shared labor and ease with them, so the people were not worn out and knew that if they died it was not in vain. Our former grandee Zichang was the opposite of this, and so he defeated us. Now we hear that Fuchai has terraces, pavilions and ponds when he travels, and consorts, ladies and attendants where he lodges. In a single day's travel, what he wants must be done and playthings must follow. He gathers rare treasures and devotes himself to sights and pleasures, treats his people as enemies and uses them in ever new ways. That is, he has already defeated himself first. How could he defeat us?" In winter, in the eleventh month, Zhao Yang of Jin attacked Zhaoge.

【經】二年春王二月，季孫斯、叔孫州仇、仲孫何忌帥師伐邾，取漷東田及沂西田。癸巳，叔孫州仇、仲孫何忌及邾子盟於句繹。夏四月丙子，衛侯元卒。

[Classic] In the second year, spring, in the second month by the Zhou calendar, Jisun Si, Shusun Zhouchou and Zhongsun Heji led troops and attacked Zhu, taking the land east of the Huo and the land west of the Yi. On the guisi day, Shusun Zhouchou and Zhongsun Heji made a covenant with the Viscount of Zhu at Juyi. In summer, on the bingzi day of the fourth month, Yuan, Marquis of Wei, died.

滕子來朝。晉趙鞅帥師納衛世子蒯聵於戚。秋八月甲戌，晉趙鞅帥師及鄭罕達帥師戰於鐵，鄭師敗績。冬十月，葬衛靈公。十有一月，蔡遷於州來。蔡殺其大夫公子駟。

The Viscount of Teng came to court. Zhao Yang of Jin led troops and escorted Kuaikui, heir of Wei, into Qi. In autumn, on the jiaxu day of the eighth month, Zhao Yang of Jin led troops and fought with Han Da of Zheng, who also led troops, at Tie, and the army of Zheng was greatly defeated. In winter, in the tenth month, Duke Ling of Wei was buried. In the eleventh month, Cai moved to Zhoulai. Cai killed their grandee Gongzi Si.

【傳】二年春，伐邾，將伐絞。邾人愛其土，故賂以淳阝、沂之田而受盟。

[Commentary] In the second year, spring, they attacked Zhu and were about to attack Jiao. The men of Zhu cherished their land, and so used the land of Huo (the original text has the town radical damaged, meaning the land east of the Huo in the Classic) and Yi to bribe them and accepted the covenant.

初，衛侯遊於郊，子南僕。公曰：“餘無子，將立女。”不對。他日，又謂之。對曰：“郢不足以辱社稷，君其改圖。君夫人在堂，三揖在下。君命只辱。”

In the beginning, the Marquis of Wei was on an excursion in the suburbs, and Zinan drove the chariot. The Duke said: "I have no suitable son; I will set you up." He did not reply. Some days later, he spoke to him again. He replied: "Ying is not fit to disgrace the altars of the state; my lord should plan otherwise. The Lady is in the hall, and the three bows are below. My lord's command would only bring disgrace."

夏，衛靈公卒。夫人曰：“命公子郢為大子，君命也。”對曰：“郢異於他子。且君沒於吾手，若有之，郢必聞之。且亡人之子輒在。”乃立輒。

In summer, Duke Ling of Wei died. The Lady said: "To appoint Gongzi Ying as heir was my lord's command." He replied: "Ying is different from the other sons. Moreover, the ruler died in my hands; if there had been such words, Ying would surely have heard them. Moreover, the son of the fugitive, Zhe, is still here." And so Zhe was set up.

六月乙酉，晉趙鞅納衛大子於戚。宵迷，陽虎曰：“右河而南，必至焉。”

On the yiyou day of the sixth month, Zhao Yang of Jin escorted the heir of Wei into Qi. At night they lost their way, and Yang Hu said: "Keep to the right along the river southward and you will surely arrive."

使大子絻，八人衰絰，偽自衛逆者。告於門，哭而入，遂居之。

He had the heir wear a hemp cap, and eight men wore mourning garments and hemp bands, pretending to be those who came from Wei to welcome him. They reported at the gate, wept as they entered, and then lodged there.

秋八月，齊人輸范氏粟，鄭子姚、子般送之。士吉射逆之，趙鞅御之，遇於戚。陽虎曰：“吾車少，以兵車之旆，與罕、駟兵車先陳。罕、駟自後隨而從之，彼見吾貌，必有懼心。於是乎會之，必大敗之。”從之。卜戰，龜焦。樂丁曰：“《詩》曰：‘爰始爰謀，爰契我龜。’謀協以故，兆詢可也。”簡子誓曰：“范氏、中行氏，反易天明，斬艾百姓，欲擅晉國而滅其君。寡君恃鄭而保焉。

In autumn, in the eighth month, the men of Qi sent grain to the Fan clan, with Ziyao and Ziban of Zheng escorting it. Shi Jishe went to meet them, Zhao Yang resisted, and they met at Qi. Yang Hu said: "We have few chariots; let us put the banners of the war chariots, together with the chariots of the Han and Si clans, in line first. The Han and Si follow behind, and when they see our appearance they will surely be afraid. Fighting at that moment will surely defeat them greatly." This was followed. They divined about the battle, and the tortoise shell scorched. Yue Ding said: "The Odes say: 'Now we begin, now we plan, now we burn our tortoise.' Plans in harmony and also with precedent, the omen can be followed." Jianzi swore: "The Fan and Zhonghang clans have reversed Heaven's clear command, cut down the people, wished to monopolize Jin and destroy their ruler. My lord relies on Zheng for protection.

今鄭為不道，棄君助臣，二三子順天明，從君命，經德義，除詬恥，在此行也。

"Now Zheng acts without the Way, abandoning the ruler and helping the minister; you gentlemen, following Heaven's clear command and obeying the ruler's order, cultivating virtue and righteousness and removing disgrace, will do so in this campaign.

克敵者，上大夫受縣，下大夫受郡，士田十萬，庶人工商遂，人臣隸圉免。志父無罪，君實圖之。若其有罪，絞縊以戮，桐棺三寸，不設屬闢，素車樸馬，無入於兆，下卿之罰也。”甲戌，將戰，郵無恤御簡子，衛太子為右。登鐵上，望見鄭師眾，大子懼，自投於車下。子良授大子綏而乘之，曰：“婦人也。”簡子巡列，曰：“畢萬，匹夫也。七戰皆獲，有馬百乘，死於牖下。群子勉之，死不在寇。”繁羽御趙羅，宋勇為右。羅無勇，麇之。吏詰之，御對曰：“痁作而伏。”

"For those who defeat the enemy, a high grandee will receive a county, a lower grandee a prefecture, a scholar will receive a hundred thousand mu of land, commoners, craftsmen and merchants may enter government service, and servants and grooms will be freed from servitude. Zhifu (Zhao Yang) has no guilt, and it is for my lord to consider. If he has guilt, let him be killed by strangling, with a paulownia coffin three inches thick, without an inner or outer coffin, with a plain cart and plain horses, and not entering the burial ground, the punishment of a lower minister." On the jiaxu day, as they were about to fight, You Wuxu drove the chariot for Jianzi, and the heir of Wei was chariot-right. They climbed Tieqiu, and seeing the army of Zheng was large, the heir was afraid and jumped down from the chariot himself. Ziliang handed the heir the mounting cord to let him climb up, and said: "Like a woman." Jianzi inspected the ranks and said: "Bi Wan was a commoner. In seven battles he took prisoners, had a hundred chariots, and died beneath a window. Gentlemen, make an effort; death is not from the enemy." Fan Yu drove the chariot for Zhao Luo, with Song Yong as chariot-right. Luo had no courage and was tied up. The army officers reproached him, and the driver replied: "He is bent over because his malaria is acting up."

衛大子禱曰：“曾孫蒯聵敢昭告皇祖文王、烈祖康叔、文祖襄公：鄭勝亂從，晉午在難，不能治亂，使鞅討之。蒯聵不敢自佚，備持矛焉。敢告無絕筋，無折骨，無面傷，以集大事，無作三祖羞。大命不敢請，佩玉不敢愛。”

The heir of Wei prayed: "Your great-grandson Kuaikui dares clearly to announce to the august ancestor King Wen, the glorious ancestor Kangshu and the cultured ancestor Duke Xiang: Sheng of Zheng has disrupted what should be followed, and Wu of Jin is in disaster and cannot put down the disorder, so he has sent Yang to attack. Kuaikui dares not rest in ease and serves as a spear-holder. I venture to ask that my sinews not be cut, my bones not be broken, my face not be wounded, so that the great task may be accomplished and shame not be brought to the three ancestors. I dare not ask for the great mandate, and I dare not spare my girdle jades."

鄭人擊簡子中肩，斃於車中，獲其蜂旗。大子救之以戈，鄭師北，獲溫大夫趙羅。大子復伐之，鄭師大敗，獲齊粟千車。趙孟喜曰：“可矣。”傅傁曰：“雖克鄭，猶有知在，憂未艾也。”

The men of Zheng struck Jianzi on the shoulder, and he fell in the chariot, and they captured his bee banner. The heir rescued him with a dagger-axe, and the army of Zheng was defeated and fled, and Zhao Luo, grandee of Wen, was captured. The heir attacked again, and the army of Zheng was greatly defeated, and a thousand carts of Qi grain were seized. Zhao Meng was delighted and said: "It will do." Fu Sou said: "Even if we defeat Zheng, there is still the Zhi clan, and the worry has not ended."

初，周人與范氏田，公孫尨稅焉。趙氏得而獻之，吏請殺之。趙孟曰：“為其主也，何罪？”止而與之田。及鐵之戰，以徒五百人宵攻鄭師，取蜂旗於子姚之幕下，獻曰：“請報主德。”

In the beginning, the men of Zhou gave land to the Fan clan, and Gongsun Mang collected taxes there. The Zhao clan seized him and presented him, and the officials asked to kill him. Zhao Meng said: "He did it for his master; what guilt is there?" He stopped them and gave him land. At the battle of Tie, he led five hundred followers in a night attack on the army of Zheng, took the bee banner under Ziyao's tent, and presented it, saying: "I ask to repay my master's kindness."

追鄭師。姚、般、公孫林殿而射，前列多死。趙孟曰：“國無小。”既戰，簡子曰：“吾伏弢嘔血，鼓音不衰，今日我上也。”大子曰：“吾救主於車，退敵於下，我，右之上也。”郵良曰：“我兩靷將絕，吾能止之，我，御之上也。”

They pursued the army of Zheng. Yao, Ban and Gongsun Lin took the rear and shot, and many died in the front ranks. Zhao Meng said: "No state can be taken lightly because it is small." After the battle, Jianzi said: "I lay on my bow case spitting blood, and the drumbeat did not weaken; today I am of the top class." The heir said: "On the chariot I rescued my lord, and off the chariot I drove back the enemy; I am the best of the chariot-rights." You Liang said: "Both of my side traces were about to break, and I was able to control them; I am the best of the drivers."

駕而乘材，兩靷皆絕。

As he drove the chariot over a log, both traces broke.

吳洩庸如蔡納聘，而稍納師。師畢入，眾知之。蔡侯告大夫，殺公子駟以說，哭而遷墓。冬，蔡遷於州來。

Xie Yong of Wu went to Cai to deliver betrothal gifts, and gradually brought troops in. When the army had all entered, the people knew. The Marquis of Cai told the grandees, killed Gongzi Si to explain, and moved the tombs in tears. In winter, Cai moved to Zhoulai.

【經】三年春，齊國夏、衛石曼姑帥師圍戚。夏四月甲午，地震。五月辛卯，桓宮、僖宮災。季孫斯、叔孫州仇帥師城啟陽。宋樂髡帥師伐曹。秋七月丙子，季孫斯卒。蔡人放其大夫公孫獵於吳。冬十月癸卯，秦伯卒。叔孫州仇、仲孫何忌帥師圍邾。

[Classic] In the third year, spring, Guo Xia of Qi and Shi Mangu of Wei led troops and besieged Qi. In summer, on the jiawu day of the fourth month, there was an earthquake. On the xinmao day of the fifth month, the Huan Palace and Xi Palace burned. Jisun Si and Shusun Zhouchou led troops and built Qiyang. Yue Kun of Song led troops and attacked Cao. In autumn, on the bingzi day of the seventh month, Jisun Si died. The men of Cai banished their grandee Gongsun Lie to Wu. In winter, on the guimao day of the tenth month, the Earl of Qin died. Shusun Zhouchou and Zhongsun Heji led troops and besieged Zhu.

【傳】三年春，齊、衛圍戚，求援於中山。

[Commentary] In the third year, spring, Qi and Wei besieged Qi, and sought help from Zhongshan.

夏五月辛卯，司鐸火。火逾公宮，桓、僖災。救火者皆曰：“顧府。”南宮敬叔至，命周人出御書，俟於宮，曰：“庀女而不在，死。”子服景伯至，命宰人出禮書，以待命：“命不共，有常刑。”校人乘馬，巾車脂轄。百官官備，府庫慎守，官人肅給。濟濡帷幕，鬱攸從之，蒙葺公屋。自大廟始，外內以悛，助所不給。有不用命，則有常刑，無赦。公父文伯至，命校人駕乘車。季桓子至，御公立於象魏之外，命救火者傷人則止，財可為也。命藏《象魏》，曰：“舊章不可亡也。”富父槐至，曰：“無備而官辦者，猶拾瀋也。”於是乎去表之藁，道還公宮。

In summer, on the xinmao day of the fifth month, a fire broke out at Sidu. The fire jumped over the ducal palace, and the Huan Palace and Xi Palace suffered. Those fighting the fire all said: "Look after the storehouses." Nangong Jingshu arrived and ordered the men of Zhou to take out the ducal records and wait inside the palace, saying: "If they are entrusted to you and are not here, you will be put to death." Zifu Jingbo arrived and ordered the stewards to take out the books of ritual and wait for orders: "Whoever fails to supply the orders will face a fixed punishment." The stable officers harnessed the horses, and the carriage officers oiled the axles. The hundred officials each prepared for their duties, the storehouses were carefully guarded, and the officials supplied them solemnly. They wet the curtains and covered them following the fire's heat, and covered and thatched the ducal buildings. Starting from the Grand Temple, they proceeded in order from outside to inside, supplementing what was not enough. Those who did not obey orders would face a fixed punishment, without pardon. Gongfu Wenbo arrived and ordered the stable officers to harness the riding chariot. Jihuanzi arrived and stood driving the chariot for the Duke outside the Xiangwei gate, and ordered those fighting the fire to stop if someone was injured, since property could be had again. He ordered the Xiangwei to be put away, saying: "The old statutes must not be lost." Fufu Huai arrived and said: "Without preparation, to make the officials do it in haste is like picking up spilled liquid." And so he removed the exposed dry grass and opened firebreaks around the ducal palace.