Duke Yin (Years 1-11)

王使召伯廖賜齊侯命，且請伐衛，以其立子頹也。

The Son of Heaven sent Shao Bo Liao to confer a commission on the Marquis of Qi, and asked him to attack Wei, because it had installed Zituí.

【經】二十有八年春，王三月甲寅，齊人伐衛。衛人及齊人戰，衛人敗績。

[Classic] In the twenty-eighth year, in spring, in the third month, on jiayin, of the Zhou Son of Heaven, the men of Qi attacked Wei. The men of Wei fought the men of Qi, and the men of Wei were utterly defeated.

夏四月丁未，邾子瑣卒。秋，荊伐鄭，公會齊人、宋人救鄭。冬，築郿。大無麥、禾，臧孫辰告糴於齊。

In summer, in the fourth month, on dingwei, Suo, Viscount of Zhu, died. In autumn, Chu attacked Zheng, and Duke Zhuang joined the men of Qi and Song in relieving Zheng. In winter, Mei was fortified. Wheat and millet failed badly, and Zang Sun Chen went to Qi to ask to buy grain.

【傳】二十八年春，齊侯伐衛。戰，敗衛師。數之以王命，取賂而還。

[Commentary] In the twenty-eighth year, in spring, the Marquis of Qi attacked Wei. They fought and defeated the army of Wei. He rebuked Wei with the Son of Heaven's command, took goods, and returned home.

晉獻公娶於賈，無子。烝於齊姜，生秦穆夫人及大子申生。又娶二女於戎，大戎狐姬生重耳，小戎子生夷吾。晉伐驪戎，驪戎男女以驪姬。歸生奚齊。其娣生卓子。驪姬嬖，欲立其子，賂外嬖梁五，與東關嬖五，使言於公曰：“曲沃，君之宗也。蒲與二屈，君之疆也。不可以無主。宗邑無主則民不威，疆埸無主則啟戎心。戎之生心，民慢其政，國之患也。若使大子主曲沃，而重耳、夷吾主蒲與屈，則可以威民而懼戎，且旌君伐。”使俱曰：“狄之廣莫，於晉為都。晉之啟土，不亦宜乎？”晉侯說之。夏，使大子居曲沃，重耳居蒲城，夷吾居屈。群公子皆鄙，唯二姬之子在絳。二五卒與驪姬譖群公子而立奚齊，晉人謂之二耦。

Duke Xian of Jin took a wife from Jia but had no son. He had relations with Qi Jiang, who bore the Lady Mu of Qin and the heir Shensheng. He also took two women from the Rong: Hu Ji of the Great Rong bore Chong'er, and Zi of the Lesser Rong bore Yiwu. Jin attacked the Li Rong, and the lord of the Li Rong gave Li Ji to him. On returning, she bore Xiqi. Her younger sister bore Zhuozi. Li Ji was favored and wished to install her son, and she used goods to win over the outside favorites Liang Wu and Dongguan Bi Wu, and had them say to Duke Xian, "Quwo is Your Lordship's ancestral city. Pu and the two Qu are Your Lordship's borders. There must be someone in charge of them. If the ancestral city has no one in charge, the people will not be in awe; if the border has no one in charge, it opens the Rong's heart to ambition. If the Rong conceive such ambition, and the people slight the orders of government, it is a calamity for the state. If you let the heir take charge of Quwo and let Chong'er and Yiwu take charge of Pu and Qu, you can awe the people, frighten the Rong, and also display Your Lordship's achievements." She also had them all say, "The broad lands of the Di could serve as cities for Jin. If Jin expands its land, is that not as it should be?" The Marquis of Jin was pleased. In summer, he had the heir live at Quwo, Chong'er at Pucheng, and Yiwu at Qu. The princes were all in the border towns, and only the sons of the two Jis were in Jiang. The two Wus, together with Li Ji, finally slandered the princes and installed Xiqi, and the men of Jin called them the "Two Pairs."

楚令尹子元欲蠱文夫人，為館於其宮側，而振萬焉。夫人聞之，泣曰：“先君以是舞也，習戎備也。今令尹不尋諸仇讎，而於未亡人之側，不亦異乎！”御人以告子元。子元曰：“婦人不忘襲仇，我反忘之！”秋，子元以車六百乘伐鄭，入於桔柣之門。子元、鬥御疆、鬥梧、耿之不比為旆，鬥班、王孫遊、王孫喜殿。眾車入自純門，及逵市。縣門不發，楚言而出。子元曰：“鄭有人焉。”諸侯救鄭，楚師夜遁。鄭人將奔桐丘，諜告曰：“楚幕有烏。”乃止。

Zi Yuan, prime minister of Chu, wished to seduce Lady Wen, and built a lodge beside her palace, where he beat drums and performed the Wan dance. The Lady heard it and said weeping: "The former ruler used this dance to drill for military readiness. Now the prime minister does not use it against enemies but beside a widow; is that not strange!" An attendant told Zi Yuan. Zi Yuan said: "A woman does not forget to attack enemies, and yet I have forgotten!" In autumn, Zi Yuan attacked Zheng with six hundred war chariots and entered the Jiezhi Gate. Zi Yuan, Dou Yujiang, Dou Wu, and Geng Zhi Bubi formed the van, and Dou Ban, Wang Sun You, and Wang Sun Xi formed the rear. The chariots entered through the Chun Gate and reached the market on the main road. The portcullis was not lowered, and the men of Chu came out talking. Zi Yuan said: "Zheng has capable men." The feudal lords came to the rescue of Zheng, and the army of Chu fled by night. The men of Zheng were about to flee to Tongqiu, but scouts reported: "There are crows on the tents of the Chu army." Only then did they stay.

冬，飢。臧孫辰告糴於齊，禮也。

In winter, there was famine. Zang Sun Chen went to Qi to ask to buy grain; this accorded with ritual.

築郿，非都也。凡邑有宗廟先君之主曰都，無曰邑。邑曰築，都曰城。

Mei was fortified, because it was not a capital. As a rule, a city that has an ancestral temple with the tablets of former rulers is called a "du" (capital), and one without is called an "yi" (town). For a town it is said "zhu" (build), and for a capital "cheng" (wall).

【經】二十有九年春，新延廄。夏，鄭人侵許。秋，有蜚。冬十有二月，紀叔姬卒。城諸及防。

[Classic] In the spring of the twenty-ninth year, the Yan stable was newly built. In summer, the men of Zheng raided Xu. In autumn, the fei insects appeared. In winter, in the twelfth month, Shu Ji of Ji died. The cities of Zhu and Fang were walled.

【傳】二十九年春，新作延廄。書，不時也。凡馬日中而出，日中而入。

[Commentary] In the spring of the twenty-ninth year, the Yan stable was newly built. The Spring and Autumn Annals records it because it was not in season. As a rule, horses are let out at the spring equinox and brought in at the autumn equinox.

夏，鄭人侵許。凡師有鐘鼓曰伐，無曰侵，輕曰襲。

In summer, the men of Zheng raided Xu. As a rule, in sending out troops, with bells and drums it is called "fa" (attack), without bells and drums it is called "qin" (raid), and a lightly equipped swift advance is called "xi" (surprise attack).

秋，有蜚，為災也。凡物不為災不書。

In autumn, the fei insects appeared; they caused a disaster. As a rule, when things cause no disaster, the Spring and Autumn Annals does not record them.

冬十二月，城諸及防，書，時也。凡土功，龍見而畢務，戒事也。火見而致用，水昏正而栽，日至而畢。

In winter, in the twelfth month, the cities of Zhu and Fang were walled; the Spring and Autumn Annals records it because it was in season. As a rule, for earthworks, when the Dragon star appears and the farm work is done, preparations begin; when the Fire star appears, the tools are all made ready; when the Camp constellation is due south at dusk, ramming of earth begins, and it is finished by the winter solstice.

樊皮叛王。

Fan Pi rebelled against the Son of Heaven.

【經】三十年春王正月。夏，次於成。秋七月，齊人降鄣。八月癸亥，葬紀叔姬。九月庚午朔，日有食之，鼓，用牲於社。冬，公及齊侯遇於魯濟。齊人伐山戎。

[Classic] In the spring of the thirtieth year, in the first month by the Zhou calendar. In summer, the army encamped at Cheng. In autumn, in the seventh month, the men of Qi subdued Zhang. On the guihai day of the eighth month, Shu Ji of Ji was buried. On the gengwu first day of the ninth month, there was a solar eclipse; drums were beaten and animals were offered at the altar of the soil. In winter, Duke Zhuang met the Marquis of Qi by chance at Luji. The men of Qi attacked the Shanrong.

【傳】三十年春，王命虢公討樊皮。夏四月丙辰，虢公入樊，執樊仲皮，歸於京師。

[Commentary] In the spring of the thirtieth year, the Son of Heaven ordered Duke Guo to attack Fan Pi. In summer, on the bingchen day of the fourth month, Duke Guo invaded Fan, seized Fan Zhongpi, and took him back to the capital.

楚公子元歸自伐鄭，而處王宮，鬥射師諫，則執而梏之。

Prince Yuan of Chu, returning from the attack on Zheng, lived in the royal palace; Dou Sheshi remonstrated, and he seized him and put him in fetters.

秋，申公斗班殺子元，鬥谷於菟為令尹，自毀其家以紓楚國之難。

In autumn, Dou Ban, Duke of Shen, killed Zi Yuan, and Dou Gu Wutu became prime minister, destroying his own household to ease the difficulties of Chu.

冬，遇於魯濟，謀山戎也，以其病燕故也。

In winter, the chance meeting at Luji was to discuss the matter of the Shanrong, because it had brought hardship upon Yan.

【經】三十有一年春，築臺於郎。夏四月，薛伯卒。築臺於薛。六月，齊侯來獻戎捷。秋，築臺於秦。冬，不雨。

[Classic] In the spring of the thirty-first year, a terrace was built at Lang. In summer, in the fourth month, the Earl of Xue died. A terrace was built at Xue. In the sixth month, the Marquis of Qi came to present the spoils of the attack on the Rong. In autumn, a terrace was built at Qin. In winter, no rain fell.

【傳】三十一年夏六月，齊侯來獻戎捷，非禮也。凡諸侯有四夷之功，則獻於王，王以警於夷。中國則否。諸侯不相遺俘。

[Commentary] In the summer of the thirty-first year, in the sixth month, the Marquis of Qi came to present the spoils of the attack on the Rong; this was not in accord with ritual. As a rule, when a feudal lord has merit against the four barbarians, he presents it to the Son of Heaven, who uses it to warn the barbarians. For the states of the central plain it is not so. Feudal lords do not present captives to one another.

【經】三十有二年春，城小谷。夏，宋公、齊侯遇於梁丘。秋七月癸巳，公子牙卒。八月癸亥，公薨於路寢。冬十月己未，子般卒。公子慶父如齊。狄伐邢。

[Classic] In the spring of the thirty-second year, Xiaogu was fortified. In summer, the Duke of Song and the Marquis of Qi met by chance at Liangqiu. In autumn, on the guisi day of the seventh month, Prince Ya died. On the guihai day of the eighth month, Duke Zhuang died in the main hall. In winter, on the jiwei day of the tenth month, Zi Ban died. Prince Qingfu went to Qi. The Di attacked Xing.

【傳】三十二年春，城小谷，為管仲也。

[Commentary] In the spring of the thirty-second year, Xiaogu was fortified, for the sake of Guan Zhong.

齊侯為楚伐鄭之故，請會於諸侯。宋公請先見於齊侯。夏，遇於梁丘。

The Marquis of Qi, because of Chu's attack on Zheng, asked to meet with the feudal lords. The Duke of Song asked to meet the Marquis of Qi first. In summer, they met by chance at Liangqiu.

秋七月，有神降於莘。

In autumn, in the seventh month, a spirit descended at Shen.

惠王問諸內史過曰：“是何故也？”對曰：“國之將興，明神降之，監其德也；將亡，神又降之，觀其惡也。故有得神以興，亦有以亡，虞、夏、商、周皆有之。”王曰：“若之何？”對曰：“以其物享焉，其至之日，亦其物也。”王從之。內史過往，聞虢請命，反曰：“虢必亡矣，虐而聽於神。”

King Hui asked the Grand Scribe Guo: "What is the reason for this?" The Grand Scribe Guo answered: "When a state is about to flourish, a bright spirit descends to watch its virtue; when it is about to perish, a spirit also descends to observe its wickedness. So there are those who flourished by obtaining a spirit, and also those who perished because of it; Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou all had such cases." The Son of Heaven said: "What should be done?" He answered: "Make offerings with the sacrifices that correspond to it; the day it arrives is also the corresponding offering." The Son of Heaven agreed. The Grand Scribe Guo went, and hearing that Guo asked the spirit for a grant, returned and said: "Guo will surely perish. It is tyrannical and yet takes orders from a spirit."

神居莘六月。虢公使祝應、宗區、史嚚享焉。神賜之土田。史嚚曰：“虢其亡乎！吾聞之：國將興，聽於民；將亡，聽於神。神，聰明正直而一者也，依人而行。虢多涼德，其何土之能得！”初，公築臺臨黨氏，見孟任，從之。閟，而以夫人言許之。割臂盟公，生子般焉。雩，講於梁氏，女公子觀之。圉人犖自牆外與之戲。子般怒，使鞭之。公曰：“不如殺之，是不可鞭。犖有力焉，能投蓋於稷門。”

The spirit stayed at Shen for six months. Duke Guo sent Zhu Ying, Zong Qu, and Shi Yin to make offerings. The spirit granted him land and fields. Shi Yin said: "Guo will probably perish! I have heard: when a state is about to flourish, it listens to the people; when about to perish, it listens to the spirits. A spirit is intelligent, upright, and single-minded, and acts through people. Guo has so much thin virtue; what land can it obtain!" Earlier, Duke Zhuang had built a terrace near the Dang clan and saw Meng Ren, and pursued her. She shut the door, and Duke Zhuang promised to make her his Lady. She cut her arm and made a covenant with Duke Zhuang, and bore Zi Ban. When the rain sacrifice was held, rehearsal took place at the Liang clan's, and the ducal daughter went to watch. The groom Luo teased her from outside the wall. Zi Ban flew into a rage and sent a man to whip him. Duke Zhuang said: "It would be better to kill him; this man should not only be whipped. Luo is strong and can throw a carriage canopy over the Ji Gate."

公疾，問後於叔牙。對曰：“慶父材。”問於季友，對曰：“臣以死奉般。”

Duke Zhuang fell gravely ill and asked Shu Ya about his successor. Shu Ya answered: "Qingfu has ability." He asked Ji You, and Ji You answered: "I will serve Zi Ban with my life."

公曰：“鄉者牙曰慶父材。”成季使以君命命僖叔待於針巫氏，使針季鴆之，曰：“飲此則有後於魯國，不然，死且無後。”飲之，歸及逵泉而卒，立叔孫氏。

Duke Zhuang said: "Just now Ya said Qingfu has ability." Chengji sent a man, with the ruler's order, to have Xi Shu wait at the Zhenwu clan's, and made Zhen Ji give him poisoned wine, saying: "Drink this, and you will have descendants in Lu; otherwise you will die and have no descendants." He drank it, and on returning died at Kui Spring; the Shusun clan was established.

八月癸亥，公薨於路寢。子般即位，次於黨氏。冬十月己未，共仲使圉人犖賊子般於黨氏。成季奔陳。立閔公。

On the guihai day of the eighth month, Duke Zhuang died in the main hall. Zi Ban took the throne and lived in the house of the Dang clan. In winter, on the jiwei day of the tenth month, Gong Zhong sent the groom Luo to murder Zi Ban at the Dang clan's. Chengji fled to Chen. Duke Min was installed.

【經】元年春王正月。齊人救邢。夏六月辛酉，葬我君莊公。秋八月，公及齊侯盟於落姑。季子來歸。冬，齊仲孫來。

[Classic] In the spring of the first year, in the first month by the Zhou calendar. The men of Qi came to the rescue of Xing. In summer, on the xinyou day of the sixth month, our ruler Duke Zhuang was buried. In autumn, in the eighth month, Duke Min made a covenant with the Marquis of Qi at Luogu. Jizi returned. In winter, Zhongsun of Qi came.

【傳】元年春，不書即位，亂故也。

[Commentary] In the spring of the first year, the Spring and Autumn Annals does not record the accession, because of the disorder.

狄人伐邢。管敬仲言於齊侯曰：“戎狄豺狼，不可厭也。諸夏親暱，不可棄也。宴安鴆毒，不可懷也。《詩》云：‘豈不懷歸，畏此簡書。’簡書，同惡相恤之謂也。請救邢以從簡書。”齊人救邢。

The Di attacked Xing. Guan Jingzhong said to the Marquis of Qi: "The Rong and Di are jackals and wolves and cannot be satisfied. The Chinese states are our kin and cannot be abandoned. Ease and pleasure are poison and cannot be cherished. The Odes say: 'Do we not long to return? We fear this bamboo-slip dispatch.' The bamboo-slip dispatch means sharing concern for common calamities. Please rescue Xing in order to honor the dispatch." The men of Qi rescued Xing.

夏六月，葬莊公，亂故，是以緩。

In summer, in the sixth month, Duke Zhuang was buried; because of the disorder, it was late.

秋八月，公及齊侯盟於落姑，請復季友也。齊侯許之，使召諸陳，公次於郎以待之。“季子來歸”，嘉之也。

In autumn, in the eighth month, Duke Min made a covenant with the Marquis of Qi at Luogu, to ask that Ji You be allowed to return. The Marquis of Qi agreed and sent to summon him from Chen, and Duke Min encamped at Lang to wait. The Spring and Autumn Annals writes "Jizi returned," in praise of him.

冬，齊仲孫湫來省難。書曰“仲孫”，亦嘉之也。

In winter, Zhongsun Qiu of Qi came to inspect the calamity. The Spring and Autumn Annals writes "Zhongsun," also in praise of him.

仲孫歸曰：“不去慶父，魯難未已。”公曰：“若之何而去之？”對曰：“難不已，將自斃，君其待之。”公曰：“魯可取乎？”對曰：“不可，猶秉周禮。周禮，所以本也。臣聞之，國將亡，本必先顛，而後枝葉從之。魯不棄周禮，未可動也。君其務寧魯難而親之。親有禮，因重固，間攜貳，覆昏亂，霸王之器也。”

Zhongsun went back and said: "Unless Qingfu is removed, the calamity of Lu will not cease." Duke Huan said: "How can he be removed?" He answered: "If the calamity does not cease, he will trip himself up; let my lord wait." Duke Huan said: "Can Lu be taken?" He answered: "No, it still holds to the rites of Zhou. The rites of Zhou are the root. I have heard that when a state is about to perish, the root surely falls first, and then the branches and leaves follow. Lu has not abandoned the rites of Zhou, so it cannot yet be shaken. My lord should devote himself to settling the calamity of Lu and drawing close to it. To draw close to those with ritual, to rely on the stable, to sow discord among the disaffected, and to overthrow the benighted, these are the instruments of a hegemon and a king."

晉侯作二軍，公將上軍，大子申生將下軍。趙夙御戎，畢萬為右，以滅耿、滅霍、滅魏。還，為大子城曲沃。賜趙夙耿，賜畢萬魏，以為大夫。

The Marquis of Jin established two armies, personally commanding the upper army, with Crown Prince Shensheng commanding the lower army. Zhao Su drove the war chariot and Bi Wan served as chariot-right; they destroyed Geng, Huo, and Wei. On returning, they fortified Quwo for the Crown Prince. Geng was granted to Zhao Su and Wei to Bi Wan, and they were made high officers.

士蒍曰：“大子不得立矣，分之都城而位以卿，先為之極，又焉得立。不如逃之，無使罪至。為吳大伯，不亦可乎？猶有令名，與其及也。且諺曰：‘心苟無瑕，何恤乎無家。’天若祚大子，其無晉乎。”

Shi Wei said: "The Crown Prince cannot be installed. Having been given a capital and the rank of a minister, he has first been brought to the summit; how can he then be installed? It would be better to flee and not let guilt come. To become a Taibo of Wu would not be acceptable? One could still leave a good name, rather than meet misfortune. Besides, the proverb says: 'If there is no flaw in one's heart, why worry about having no home?' If Heaven protects the Crown Prince, could there be no place outside Jin?"

卜偃曰：“畢萬之後必大。萬，盈數也；魏，大名也；以是始賞，天啟之矣。

Bu Yan said: "Bi Wan's descendants will surely grow great. Wan is a full number; Wei is the name of something tall and great; beginning the rewards with these is Heaven opening his path.

天子曰兆民，諸侯曰萬民。今名之大，以從盈數，其必有眾。”

(Bu Yan continued:) The Son of Heaven is said to have a million people, and a feudal lord ten thousand. Now his name is great and follows the full number; he will surely have the multitude."

初，畢萬筮仕於晉，遇《屯》ⅴⅲ之《比》ⅴⅰ。辛廖占之，曰：“吉。

Earlier, Bi Wan consulted the milfoil about serving in Jin, and obtained Zhun changing to Bi. Xin Liao looked at the hexagram and said: "It is auspicious.

《屯》固《比》入，吉孰大焉？其必蕃昌。《震》為土，車從馬，足居之，兄長之，母覆之，眾歸之，六體不易，合而能固，安而能殺。公侯之卦也。公侯之子孫，必復其始。”

(Xin Liao continued:) Zhun means firm, and Bi means entering; what could be a greater good fortune than this? He will surely flourish and become great. Zhen changes to earth; the chariot follows the horse, the feet rest, the elder brother nurtures, the mother covers, the people come to him, the six lines do not change; gathering together he is also firm, and being settled he is also able to be stern. It is the hexagram of a duke or marquis. The descendants of a duke or marquis will surely return to his beginning."

【經】二年春王正月，齊人遷陽。夏五月乙酉，吉禘於莊公。秋八月辛丑，公薨。九月，夫人姜氏孫於邾。公子慶父出奔莒。冬，齊高子來盟。十有二月，狄入衛。鄭棄其師。

[Classic] In the spring of the second year, in the first month by the Zhou calendar, the men of Qi relocated Yang. In summer, on the yiyou day of the fifth month, the auspicious Di sacrifice was held for Duke Zhuang. In autumn, on the xinchou day of the eighth month, Duke Min died. In the ninth month, the Lady Jiang fled to Zhu. Prince Qingfu fled to Ju. In winter, Gaozi of Qi came to make a covenant. In the twelfth month, the Di invaded Wei. Zheng abandoned its army.

【傳】二年春，虢公敗犬戎於渭汭。舟之僑曰：“無德而祿，殃也。殃將至矣。”遂奔晉。

[Commentary] In the spring of the second year, Duke Guo defeated the Quanrong at the bend of the Wei River. Zhou Zhiqiao said: "To receive emoluments without virtue is a calamity. Calamity is about to come." So he fled to Jin.

夏，吉禘於莊公，速也。

In summer, the auspicious Di sacrifice was held for Duke Zhuang; this was too early.

初，公傅奪卜齮田，公不禁。

Earlier, Duke Min's tutor had taken the fields of Bu Ben, and Duke Min did not stop him.

秋八月辛丑，共仲使卜齮賊公於武闈。成季以僖公適邾。共仲奔莒，乃入，立之。以賂求共仲於莒，莒人歸之。及密，使公子魚請，不許。哭而往，共仲曰：“奚斯之聲也。”乃縊。

In autumn, on the xinchou day of the eighth month, Gong Zhong sent Bu Ben to murder Duke Min at the Wu side-gate. Chengji took Duke Xi to Zhu. Gong Zhong fled to Ju, and only then did they enter and install Duke Xi. Goods were used to ask Ju for Gong Zhong, and the men of Ju returned him. When he reached Mi, he sent Prince Yu to ask for a pardon from death, which was refused. Prince Yu went weeping, and Gong Zhong said: "That is the voice of Xi Si." Then he hanged himself.

閔公，哀姜之娣叔姜之子也，故齊人立之。共仲通於哀姜，哀姜欲立之。閔公之死也，哀姜與知之，故孫於邾。齊人取而殺之於夷，以其屍歸，僖公請而葬之。

Duke Min was the son of Shu Jiang, the younger sister of Ai Jiang, and so the men of Qi installed him. Gong Zhong had an affair with Ai Jiang, and Ai Jiang wished to install Gong Zhong. She had knowledge of and took part in the death of Duke Min, and so fled to Zhu. The men of Qi seized her, killed her at Yi, and brought her body back; Duke Xi asked for it and then buried her.

成季之將生也，桓公使卜楚丘之父卜之。曰：“男也。其名曰友，在公之右。

When Chengji was about to be born, Duke Huan had the father of Bu Chuqiu divine for him. He said: "It will be a boy. His name will be You, and he will be at the right of the duke.

間於兩社，為公室輔。季氏亡，則魯不昌。”又筮之，遇《大有》ⅵⅰ之《乾》ⅰⅰ，曰：“同復於父，敬如君所。”及生，有文在其手曰“友”，遂以命之。

(The diviner continued:) He will stand between the two altars and be a support of the ducal house. If the Ji clan is destroyed, Lu will not prosper." Then he divined with milfoil and obtained Dayou changing to Qian, and said: "Together they return to the father; reverence is as if the ruler were present." When he was born, the lines on his hand formed the character "you", and so it was used to name him.

冬十二月，狄人伐衛。衛懿公好鶴，鶴有乘軒者。將戰，國人受甲者皆曰：“使鶴，鶴實有祿位，餘焉能戰！”公與石祁子玦，與甯莊子矢，使守，曰：“以此贊國，擇利而為之。”與夫人繡衣，曰：“聽於二子。”渠孔御戎，子伯為右，黃夷前驅，孔嬰齊殿。及狄人戰於熒澤，衛師敗績，遂滅衛。衛侯不去其旗，是以甚敗。狄人囚史華龍滑與禮孔以逐衛人。二人曰：“我，大史也，實掌其祭。不先，國不可得也。”乃先之。至則告守曰：“不可待也。”夜與國人出。

In winter, in the twelfth month, the Di attacked Wei. Duke Yi of Wei liked cranes, and some cranes rode in carriages. When about to fight, the men of the state who received armor all said: "Send the cranes; the cranes truly hold rank and salary, and how could I fight!" Duke Yi gave Shi Qizi a jade jue and gave Ning Zhuangzi arrows, ordering them to guard the city, and said: "Use these to assist the state, and choose what is advantageous." He gave the Lady an embroidered garment and said: "Listen to these two." Qu Kong drove the war chariot, Zi Bo served as chariot-right, Huang Yi led the vanguard, and Kong Yingqi led the rear. They fought the Di at Yingze, and the army of Wei was badly defeated, and so Wei was destroyed. The Marquis of Wei would not take down his banner, and for this reason lost more heavily. The Di captured the Grand Scribe Hua Longhua and Li Kong to pursue the men of Wei. The two men said: "We are Grand Scribes and in fact manage the sacrifices. If we do not go first, the state will not be preserved." The Di let them go first. On arriving, they told the city's guards: "You cannot wait any longer." At night they left the city together with the people of the state.

狄入衛，遂從之，又敗諸河。

The Di invaded Wei, then pursued, and again defeated them by the Yellow River.