Duke Yin (Years 1-11)

【經】十有八年春王三月，日有食之。夏，公追戎於濟西。秋，有蜮。冬十月。

[Classic] In the eighteenth year, in spring, in the third month of the Zhou calendar, there was an eclipse of the sun. In summer, Duke Zhuang pursued the Rong to the west of the River Ji. In autumn, there appeared yu (a harmful insect). In winter, the tenth month.

【傳】十八年春，虢公、晉侯朝王，王饗醴，命之宥，皆賜玉五瑴，馬三匹。

[Commentary] In the eighteenth year, in spring, Duke Guo and the Marquis of Jin came to court. The Son of Heaven feasted them with sweet wine and ordered them to return the toast, and gave each five pairs of jade and three horses.

非禮也。王命諸侯，名位不同，禮亦異數，不以禮假人。

This was contrary to ritual. When the Son of Heaven issues commands to the feudal lords, with different rank and position the ritual measure also differs, and ritual cannot be given carelessly to others.

虢公、晉侯、鄭伯使原莊公逆王后於陳。陳媯歸於京師，實惠後。

Duke Guo, the Marquis of Jin, and the Earl of Zheng sent Yuan Zhuanggong to Chen to welcome the queen. Gui of Chen was married to the capital, and she was Queen Hui.

夏，公追戎於濟西。不言其來，諱之也。

In summer, Duke Zhuang pursued the Rong to the west of the River Ji. The Spring and Autumn does not write that the Rong came, as a matter of avoidance.

秋，有蜮，為災也。

In autumn, the yu appeared, and it caused harm.

初，楚武王克權，使鬥緡尹之。以叛，圍而殺之。遷權於那處，使閻敖尹之。

Earlier, King Wu of Chu conquered Quan and sent Dou Min to govern it. Dou Min used it to rebel, and Chu besieged and killed him. They moved the people of Quan to Nachu and sent Yan Ao to govern it.

及文王即位，與巴人伐申而驚其師。巴人叛楚而伐那處，取之，遂門於楚。閻敖遊湧而逸。楚子殺之，其族為亂。冬，巴人因之以伐楚。

When King Wen took the throne, he joined the men of Ba in attacking Shen, but startled his own army. The men of Ba turned against Chu, attacked Nachu and took it, and then attacked the gate of the Chu city. Yan Ao swam across the River Yong and fled. The Viscount of Chu killed him, and his kin made disorder. In winter, the men of Ba took the opportunity to attack Chu.

【經】十有九年春王正月。夏四月。秋，公子結媵陳人之婦於鄄，遂及齊侯、宋公盟。夫人姜氏如莒。冬，齊人、宋人、陳人伐我西鄙。

[Classic] In the nineteenth year, in spring, the first month of the Zhou calendar. In summer, the fourth month. In autumn, Prince Jie escorted the accompanying women for the bride of the men of Chen to Juan, and then made a covenant with the Marquis of Qi and the Duke of Song. Lady Jiang went to Ju. In winter, the men of Qi, Song, and Chen attacked our western border.

【傳】十九年春，楚子御之，大敗於津。還，鬻拳弗納。遂伐黃，敗黃師於碏陵。還，及湫，有疾。夏六月庚申卒，鬻拳葬諸夕室，亦自殺也，而葬於絰初，鬻拳強諫楚子，楚子弗從，臨之以兵，懼而從之。鬻拳曰：“吾懼君以皇。兵，罪莫大焉。”遂自刖也。楚人以為大閽，謂之大伯，使其後掌之。君子曰：“鬻拳可謂愛君矣，諫以自納於刑，刑猶不忘納君於善。”

[Commentary] In the nineteenth year, in spring, the Viscount of Chu resisted the men of Ba and was utterly defeated at Jin. On returning, Yu Quan would not let him enter the city. So he attacked Huang and defeated the Huang army at Quling. On returning, he reached Qiu and fell ill. In summer, in the sixth month, on gengshen, he died, and Yu Quan buried him in Xishi and then killed himself, and was buried at Dieh Huang. Earlier, Yu Quan had forcibly remonstrated with the Viscount of Chu, who would not listen, and he pointed a weapon at the Viscount, who was frightened and then complied. Yu Quan said, "I have frightened my ruler with a weapon. There is no crime greater than this with a weapon." So he cut off his own feet. The men of Chu made him the Great Gatekeeper, called Da Bo, and had his descendants hold this office. The gentleman said, "Yu Quan may be said to have loved his ruler: he remonstrated and brought himself under punishment, and even after being punished did not forget to bring his ruler back to the right way."

初，王姚嬖於莊王，生子頹。子頹有寵，蒍國為之師。及惠王即位，取蒍國之圃以為囿，邊伯之宮近於王宮，王取之。王奪子禽，祝跪與詹父田，而收膳夫之秩。故蒍國、邊伯、石速、詹父、子禽祝跪作亂，因蘇氏。秋，五大夫奉子頹以伐王，不克，出奔溫。蘇子奉子頹以奔衛。衛師、燕師伐周。冬，立子頹。

Earlier, Wang Yao was favored by King Zhuang and bore Zituí. Zituí was favored, and the state of Wei served as his tutor. When King Hui took the throne, he took Wei's garden and made it a hunting park, and the palace of Bian Bo was near the royal palace and the Son of Heaven took it too. The Son of Heaven seized the fields of Zi Qin, Zhu Gui, and Zhan Fu, and also took back the stipend of the chief cook. For this reason Wei, Bian Bo, Shi Su, Zhan Fu, and Zi Qin and Zhu Gui made disorder, relying on the Su clan. In autumn, the five grand officers served Zituí in attacking the Son of Heaven, but did not succeed and fled to Wen. Master Su served Zituí and fled to Wei. The armies of Wei and Yan attacked Zhou. In winter, Zituí was installed.

【經】二十年春王二月，夫人姜氏如莒。夏，齊大災。秋七月。冬，齊人伐戎。

[Classic] In the twentieth year, in spring, in the second month of the Zhou calendar, Lady Jiang went to Ju. In summer, Qi had a great fire disaster. In autumn, the seventh month. In winter, the men of Qi attacked the Rong.

【傳】二十年春，鄭伯和王室，不克。執燕仲父。夏，鄭伯遂以王歸，王處於櫟。秋，王及鄭伯入於鄔。遂入成周，取其寶器而還。

[Commentary] In the twentieth year, in spring, the Earl of Zheng mediated for the royal house but did not succeed. He seized Yan Zhongfu. In summer, the Earl of Zheng then brought the Son of Heaven back, and the Son of Heaven stayed at Li. In autumn, the Son of Heaven and the Earl of Zheng entered Wu. Then they entered Chengzhou, took the precious vessels, and returned to their state.

冬，王子頹享五大夫，樂及遍舞。鄭伯聞之，見虢叔，曰：“寡人聞之，哀樂失時，殃咎必至。今王子頹歌舞不倦，樂禍也。夫司寇行戮，君為之不舉，而況敢樂禍乎！奸王之位，禍孰大焉？臨禍忘憂，憂必及之。盍納王乎？”虢公曰：“寡人之願也。”

In winter, Prince Tui feasted the five grand officers, and the music ran through all the dances. The Earl of Zheng heard of it and went to see Guo Shu, saying, "I have heard that when grief and joy are not timely, disaster is sure to come. Now Prince Tui sings and dances without weariness, taking joy in disaster. When the Minister of Crime carries out an execution, the ruler reduces his meals for it, how much more would one dare to take joy in disaster! To encroach on the Son of Heaven's seat, is there any disaster greater than this? One who forgets sorrow in the face of calamity will surely have the sorrow fall upon himself. Why not send the Son of Heaven back?" Duke Guo said, "That is also my wish."

【經】二十有一年春，王正月。夏五月辛酉，鄭伯突卒。秋七月戊戌，夫人姜氏薨。冬十有二月，葬鄭厲公。

[Classic] In the twenty-first year, in spring, the first month of the Zhou Son of Heaven. In summer, in the fifth month, on xinyou, Tu, Earl of Zheng, died. In autumn, in the seventh month, on wuxu, Lady Jiang died. In winter, in the twelfth month, Duke Li of Zheng was buried.

【傳】二十一年春，胥命於弭。夏，同伐王城。鄭伯將王，自圉門入，虢叔自北門入，殺王子頹及五大夫。鄭伯享王於闕西闢，樂備。王與之武公之略，自虎牢以東。原伯曰：“鄭伯效尤，其亦將有咎。”五月，鄭厲公卒。

[Commentary] In the twenty-first year, in spring, they swore a mutual oath at Mi. In summer, they attacked the royal city together. The Earl of Zheng escorted the Son of Heaven in through the Yu gate, and Guo Shu entered through the north gate, and they killed Prince Tui and the five grand officers. The Earl of Zheng feasted the Son of Heaven at the west tower of the Duan gate, with ritual and music complete. The Son of Heaven gave him the territory of Duke Wu, east of Hulao. Yuan Bo said, "The Earl of Zheng follows a bad example; he will probably meet disaster too." In the fifth month, Duke Li of Zheng died.

王巡虢守。虢公為王宮於玤，王與之酒泉。鄭伯之享王也，王以後之鞶鑑予之。虢公請器，王予之爵。鄭伯由是始惡於王。

The Son of Heaven toured the guard lands of Guo. Duke Guo built a travelling palace for the Son of Heaven at Bang, and the Son of Heaven gave him Jiuquan. When the Earl of Zheng feasted the Son of Heaven, the Son of Heaven gave him the queen's mirror-fitted belt. Duke Guo asked for vessels, and the Son of Heaven gave him a wine cup. From this time the Earl of Zheng began to resent the Son of Heaven.

冬，王歸自虢。

In winter, the Son of Heaven returned from Guo.

【經】二十二年春王正月，肆大眚。癸丑，葬我小君文姜。陳人殺其公子禦寇。夏五月。秋七月丙申，及齊高傒盟於防。冬，公如齊納幣。

[Classic] In the twenty-second year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, there was a great amnesty for offenders. On guichou, Wen Jiang, our lesser lady, was buried. The men of Chen killed their prince Yukou. In summer, the fifth month. In autumn, in the seventh month, on bingshen, he made a covenant with Gao Xi of Qi at Fang. In winter, Duke Zhuang went to Qi to deliver betrothal gifts.

【傳】二十二年春，陳人殺其大子禦寇，陳公子完與顓孫奔齊。顓孫自齊來奔。

[Commentary] In the twenty-second year, in spring, the men of Chen killed their heir Yukou, and Prince Wan of Chen and Zhuansun fled to Qi. Zhuansun fled from Qi again to Lu.

齊侯使敬仲為卿。辭曰：“羈旅之臣，幸若獲宥，及於寬政，赦其不閒於教訓而免於罪戾，弛於負擔，君之惠也，所獲多矣。敢辱高位，以速官謗。請以死告。《詩》云：‘翹翹車乘，招我以弓，豈不欲往，畏我友朋。’”使為工正。

The Marquis of Qi wished to make Jingzhong a minister. He declined, saying, "I am a minister who is a wandering stranger. If by good fortune I obtain pardon and meet with lenient decrees, and am excused for lack of training and so spared guilt, with my burden laid down, that is the ruler's kindness, and what I have received is already a great deal. How dare I disgrace a high post and so hasten the slander of the officials? Please let me report at the risk of death. The Odes say: 'The high carriage summons me with a bow; do I not wish to go? I fear my friends.'" So he was made Superintendent of Artisans.

飲桓公酒，樂。公曰：“以火繼之。”辭曰：“臣卜其晝，未卜其夜，不敢。”

Jingzhong invited Duke Huan to drink, and it was very pleasant. Duke Huan said, "Light the lamps and continue." He declined, saying, "I have divined for the daytime but not for the night, and so I dare not."

君子曰：“酒以成禮，不繼以淫，義也。以君成禮，弗納於淫，仁也。”

The gentleman said, "Wine is used to complete ritual, and not to go on to indulgence, which is righteousness. Serving the ruler to complete ritual and not leading him into indulgence is humaneness."

初，懿氏卜妻敬仲，其妻占之，曰：“吉，是謂‘鳳皇于飛，和鳴鏘鏘，有媯之後，將育於姜。五世其昌，並於正卿。八世之後，莫之與京。’”陳厲公，蔡出也。故蔡人殺五父而立之，生敬仲。其少也。周史有以《周易》見陳侯者，陳侯使筮之，遇《觀》之《否》。曰：“是謂‘觀國之光，利用賓於王。’此其代陳有國乎。不在此，其在異國；非此其身，在其子孫。光，遠而自他有耀者也。

Earlier, when the Yi clan divined about marrying their daughter to Jingzhong, his wife looked at the hexagram and said, "Auspicious. It is called: 'The phoenixes fly, their harmonious cries ring out; the descendants of the Gui will grow among the Jiang. In the fifth generation they will flourish and rank with the chief minister. After the eighth generation, none will be greater than they.'" Duke Li of Chen was born of a woman of Cai. For this reason the men of Cai killed Wufu and installed him, and he fathered Jingzhong. When Jingzhong was young, a historian of Zhou came to see the Marquis of Chen carrying the Book of Changes, and the Marquis of Chen had him divine, and he obtained Guan changing to Pi. The historian said, "This is called: 'Observing the glory of the state; it is advantageous to be a guest of the king.' This one will probably take the place of Chen and possess a state. Not here but in another state; not in his own person but in his descendants. Glory is light shining from afar, from another place.

《坤》，土也。《巽》，風也。《乾》，天也。風為天於土上，山也。有山之材而照之以天光，於是乎居土上，故曰：‘觀國之光，利用賓於王。’庭實旅百，奉之以玉帛，天地之美具焉，故曰：‘利用賓於王。’猶有觀焉，故曰其在後乎。

(The historian continued:) Kun is earth. Xun is wind. Qian is heaven. Wind rising over earth becomes heaven, which is a mountain. Having the resources of the mountain and being illuminated by the light of heaven, one then dwells on the earth, and so it is said: 'Observing the glory of the state; it is advantageous to be a guest of the king.' A hundred tribute goods are displayed in the court, offered with jade and silk, and all the beauty of Heaven and Earth is present, and so it is said: 'It is advantageous to be a guest of the king.' There is also the meaning of Guan (observation), and so it is said that it will probably be in his descendants.

風行而著於土，故曰其在異國乎。若在異國，必姜姓也。姜，大嶽之後也。山嶽則配天，物莫能兩大。陳衰，此其昌乎。”

(The historian continued:) Wind moves and attaches to the earth, and so it is said that it will probably be in another state. If it is in another state, it must be of the Jiang clan. Jiang are descendants of Taiyue. A mountain peak matches heaven, and things cannot both flourish greatly at once. When Chen declines, this branch will probably flourish."

及陳之初亡也，陳桓子始大於齊。其後亡也，成子得政。

When Chen was destroyed the first time, Chen Huanzi began to grow great in Qi. Later, when Chen was completely destroyed, Chengzi took power.

【經】二十有三年春，公至自齊。祭叔來聘。夏，公如齊觀社。公至自齊。

[Classic] In the twenty-third year, in spring, Duke Zhuang returned from Qi. Ji Shu came on a mission. In summer, Duke Zhuang went to Qi to watch the sacrifice at the altar of the soil. Duke Zhuang returned from Qi.

荊人來聘。公及齊侯遇於谷。蕭叔朝公。秋，丹桓宮楹。冬十有一月，曹伯射姑卒。十有二月甲寅，公會齊侯盟於扈。

The men of Chu came on a mission. Duke Zhuang met the Marquis of Qi unexpectedly at Gu. Xiao Shu came to court to Duke Zhuang. In autumn, the pillars of the temple of Duke Huan were painted red. In winter, in the eleventh month, She Gu, Earl of Cao, died. In the twelfth month, on jiayin, Duke Zhuang met the Marquis of Qi and made a covenant at Hu.

【傳】二十三年夏，公如齊觀社，非禮也。曹劌諫曰：“不可。夫禮，所以整民也。故會以訓上下之則，制財用之節；朝以正班爵之義，帥長幼之序；征伐以討其不然。諸侯有王，王有巡守，以大習之。非是，君不舉矣。君舉必書，書而不法，後嗣何觀？”晉桓、莊之族逼，獻公患之。士蒍曰：“去富子，則群公子可謀也已。”公曰：“爾試其事。”士蒍與群公子謀，譖富子而去之。

[Commentary] In the twenty-third year, in summer, Duke Zhuang went to Qi to watch the sacrifice at the altar of the soil, which was contrary to ritual. Cao Gui remonstrated, saying, "This will not do. Ritual is used to regulate the people. Therefore meetings are used to teach the norms of above and below and to set the measures of expenditure; court visits are used to rectify the principles of rank and ordain the order of old and young; campaigns are used to punish those who do not submit. When the feudal lords come to court the Son of Heaven, and the Son of Heaven makes tours of inspection, it is to practice these on a large scale. Apart from these, the ruler does not travel. When the ruler travels it must be recorded, and if the record is not according to norms, what will later generations see?" The kin of Huan and Zhuang in Jin pressed on the ducal house, and Duke Xian was troubled. Shi Wei said, "If we remove Fuzi, the princes can be dealt with." Duke Xian said, "Try to do this." Shi Wei planned with the princes, slandered Fuzi and got rid of him.

秋，丹桓宮之楹。

In autumn, the pillars of the temple of Duke Huan were painted red.

【經】二十有四年春王三月，刻桓宮桷。葬曹莊公。夏，公如齊逆女。秋，公至自齊。八月丁丑，夫人姜氏入。戊寅，大夫宗婦覿，用幣。大水。冬，戎侵曹。曹羈出奔陳。赤歸於曹。郭公。

[Classic] In the twenty-fourth year, in spring, in the third month of the Zhou calendar, the rafters of the temple of Duke Huan were carved. Duke Zhuang of Cao was buried. In summer, Duke Zhuang went to Qi to fetch his bride. In autumn, Duke Zhuang returned from Qi. In the eighth month, on dingchou, Lady Jiang entered. On wuyin, the grand officers and the women of the same clan were presented, using jade and silk as gifts of introduction. There was a great flood. In winter, the Rong raided Cao. Ji of Cao fled to Chen. Chi returned to Cao. Duke Guo.

【傳】二十四年春，刻其桷，皆非禮也。御孫諫曰：“臣聞之：‘儉，德之共也；侈，惡之大也。’先君有共德而君納諸大惡，無乃不可乎！”秋，哀姜至。公使宗婦覿，用幣，非禮也。御孫曰：“男贄大者玉帛，小者禽鳥，以章物也。女贄不過榛栗棗修，以告虔也。今男女同贄，是無別也。男女之別，國之大節也。而由夫人亂之，無乃不可乎！”晉士蒍又與群公子謀，使殺遊氏之二子。士蒍告晉侯曰：“可矣。不過二年，君必無患。”

[Commentary] In the twenty-fourth year, in spring, the carving of the temple rafters was contrary to ritual in every case. Yu Sun remonstrated, saying, "I have heard: 'Frugality is the common quality of virtue; extravagance is the greatest of vices.' The former rulers had common virtue, and Your Lordship brings it into the greatest vice; I fear this will not do!" In autumn, Ai Jiang arrived. Duke Zhuang had the women of the same clan presented, with jade and silk as introductory gifts, which was contrary to ritual. Yu Sun said, "For men, the introductory gifts are jade and silk for the great and birds for the small, to make clear the categories. For women, the introductory gifts are no more than hazelnuts, chestnuts, dates, and dried meat, to show sincerity and respect. Now men and women use the same gifts, which means there is no distinction. The distinction between men and women is a great principle of the state, yet the Lady is throwing it into disorder; I fear this will not do!" In Jin, Shi Wei again planned with the princes and sent men to kill the two sons of the You clan. Shi Wei told the Marquis of Jin, "It is done. Within two years, Your Lordship will surely have no worries."

【經】二十有五年春，陳侯使女叔來聘。夏五月癸丑，衛侯朔卒。六月辛未，朔，日有食之，鼓，用牲於社。伯姬歸於杞。秋，大水，鼓，用牲於社、於門。

[Classic] In the twenty-fifth year, in spring, the Marquis of Chen sent Nu Shu on a mission. In summer, in the fifth month, on guichou, Shuo, Marquis of Wei, died. In the sixth month, on xinwei, on the first day, there was an eclipse of the sun; drums were beaten and sacrificial animals were used at the altar of the soil. Bo Ji was married to Ji. In autumn, there was a great flood; drums were beaten and sacrificial animals were used at the altar of the soil and at the city gates.

冬，公子友如陳。

In winter, Prince You went to Chen.

【傳】二十五年春，陳女叔來聘，始結陳好也。嘉之，故不名。

[Commentary] In the twenty-fifth year, in spring, Nu Shu of Chen came on a mission, beginning friendship with Chen. The Spring and Autumn commends him, and so does not write his name.

夏六月辛未，朔，日有食之。鼓，用牲於社，非常也。唯正月之朔，慝未作，日有食之，於是乎用幣於社，伐鼓於朝。

In summer, in the sixth month, on xinwei, on the first day, there was an eclipse of the sun. Drums were beaten and sacrificial animals were used at the altar of the soil, which was not the regular ritual. Only on the first day of the first month, when the yin energy has not yet stirred, if an eclipse occurs, then jade and silk are used at the altar of the soil and drums are beaten at court.

秋，大水。鼓，用牲於社、於門，亦非常也。凡天災，有幣無牲。非日月之眚，不鼓。

In autumn, there was a great flood. Drums were beaten and sacrificial animals were used at the altar of the soil and at the city gates, which was also not the regular ritual. For all natural calamities, there is jade and silk but no sacrificial animals. Unless it is a calamity of the sun or moon, drums are not beaten.

晉士蒍使群公子盡殺遊氏之族，乃城聚而處之。

Shi Wei of Jin had the princes wipe out the kin of the You clan, and then built a wall at Ju to settle them.

冬，晉侯圍聚，盡殺群公子。

In winter, the Marquis of Jin besieged Ju and killed all the princes.

【經】二十有六年春，公伐戎。夏，公至自伐戎。曹殺其大夫。秋，公會宋人、齊人，伐徐。冬十有二月癸亥，朔，日有食之。

[Classic] In the twenty-sixth year, in spring, Duke Zhuang attacked the Rong. In summer, Duke Zhuang returned from attacking the Rong. Cao killed its grand officer. In autumn, Duke Zhuang joined the men of Song and Qi in attacking Xu. In winter, in the twelfth month, on guihai, on the first day, there was an eclipse of the sun.

【傳】二十六年春，晉士蒍為大司空。

[Commentary] In the twenty-sixth year, in spring, Shi Wei of Jin became Grand Minister of Works.

夏，士蒍城絳，以深其宮。

In summer, Shi Wei repaired the city of Jiang and deepened his palace.

秋，虢人侵晉。冬，虢人又侵晉。

In autumn, the men of Guo raided Jin. In winter, the men of Guo raided Jin again.

【經】二十有七年春，公會杞伯姬於洮。夏六月，公會齊侯、宋公、陳侯、鄭伯同盟於幽。秋，公子友如陳，葬原仲。冬，杞伯姬來。莒慶來逆叔姬。杞伯來朝。公會齊侯於城濮。

[Classic] In the twenty-seventh year, in spring, Duke Zhuang met Bo Ji of Ji at Tao. In summer, in the sixth month, Duke Zhuang met the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Chen, and the Earl of Zheng, and they made a covenant together at You. In autumn, Prince You went to Chen to attend the funeral of Yuan Zhong. In winter, Bo Ji of Ji came. Qing of Ju came to fetch Shu Ji as bride. The Earl of Ji came to court. Duke Zhuang met the Marquis of Qi at Chengpu.

【傳】二十七年春，公會杞伯姬於洮，非事也。天子非展義不巡守，諸侯非民事不舉，卿非君命不越竟。

[Commentary] In the twenty-seventh year, in spring, Duke Zhuang met Bo Ji of Ji at Tao, not for a matter of state. The Son of Heaven does not tour unless to proclaim virtue and righteousness, a feudal lord does not travel except on the people's affairs, and a minister does not cross the border except by the ruler's command.

夏，同盟於幽，陳、鄭服也。

In summer, the covenant together at You was because Chen and Zheng had already submitted.

秋，公子友如陳，葬原仲，非禮也。原仲，季友之舊也。

In autumn, Prince You went to Chen to attend the funeral of Yuan Zhong, which was contrary to ritual. Yuan Zhong was an old friend of Ji You.

冬，杞伯姬來，歸寧也。凡諸侯之女，歸寧曰來，出曰來歸。夫人歸寧曰如某，出曰歸於某。

In winter, Bo Ji of Ji came, to visit her parents' home. Whenever the daughter of a feudal lord visits her parents' home, it is called "coming"; when she is divorced, it is called "returning home." When the wife of a ruler visits her parents' home it is called "going to so-and-so"; when she is divorced it is called "returning to so-and-so."

晉侯將伐虢，士蒍曰：“不可，虢公驕，若驟得勝於我，必棄其民。無眾而後伐之，欲御我誰與？夫禮樂慈愛，戰所畜也。夫民讓事樂和，愛親哀喪而後可用也。虢弗畜也，亟戰將飢。”

The Marquis of Jin was about to attack Guo. Shi Wei said, "It will not do. The Duke of Guo is arrogant, and if he suddenly wins a victory against us, he will surely abandon his people. When he has no people and we then attack him, if he tries to resist us, who will follow him? Ritual, music, and compassion are what war accumulates. Only when the people are modest in their affairs, joyful and harmonious, love their kin, and grieve at funerals can they then be used. Guo does not accumulate these, and with frequent war it will soon be depleted."