Duke Zhao (First to Thirty-second Year)

孔子在陳，聞火，曰：“其桓、僖乎！”劉氏、范氏世為婚姻，萇弘事劉文公，故周與范氏。趙鞅以為討。六月癸卯，周人殺萇弘。

Confucius was in Chen, heard of the fire, and said: "It must be the Huan Palace and the Xi Palace!" The Liu and Fan clans had intermarried for generations, and Chang Hong served Duke Wen of Liu, and so Zhou was attached to the Fan clan. Zhao Yang took this up for inquiry. On the guimao day of the sixth month, the men of Zhou killed Chang Hong.

秋，季孫有疾，命正常曰：“無死。南孺子之子，男也，則以告而立之。女也，則肥也可。”季孫卒，康子即位。既葬，康子在朝。南氏生男，正常載以如朝，告曰：“夫子有遺言，命其圉臣曰：‘南氏生男，則以告於君與大夫而立之。’今生矣，男也，敢告。”遂奔衛。康子請退。公使共劉視之，則或殺之矣，乃討之。召正常，正常不反。

In autumn, Jisun was ill and ordered Zheng Chang: "Do not bury anyone with me. If the child of Lady Nan is a boy, report it and set him up; if a girl, then Fei will do." Jisun died, and Kangzi took the seat. After the burial, Kangzi was at court. The Nan clan gave birth to a boy, and Zheng Chang carried him on a cart to the court, and reported: "The master left a last word and ordered his stable servant: 'If the Nan clan bears a boy, report to the ruler and the grandees and set him up.' Now she has given birth, and it is a boy; I dare to report." And so he fled to Wei. Kangzi asked to resign. The Duke sent Gongliu to look, and the child had already been killed, and so they investigated. They summoned Zheng Chang, but Zheng Chang did not return.

冬十月，晉趙鞅圍朝歌，師於其南。荀寅伐其郛，使其徒自北門入，己犯師而出。癸丑，奔邯鄲。十一月，趙鞅殺士皋夷，惡范氏也。

In winter, in the tenth month, Zhao Yang of Jin besieged Zhaoge, with his troops to its south. Xun Yin attacked the outer city and had his followers enter by the north gate, while he himself broke through the Jin army and left. On the guichou day, he fled to Handan. In the eleventh month, Zhao Yang killed Shi Gaoyi, because he hated the Fan clan.

【經】四年春王二月庚戌，盜殺蔡侯申。蔡公孫辰出奔吳。葬秦惠公。宋人執小邾子。夏，蔡殺其大夫公孫姓、公孫霍。晉人執戎蠻子赤歸於楚。城西郛。

[Classic] In the fourth year, spring, on the gengxu day of the second month by the Zhou calendar, bandits killed Shen, Marquis of Cai. Gongsun Chen of Cai fled to Wu. Duke Hui of Qin was buried. The men of Song seized the Viscount of Little Zhu. In summer, Cai killed their grandees Gongsun Xing and Gongsun Huo. The men of Jin seized Chi, Viscount of Rongman, and gave him to Chu. The western outer wall was built.

六月辛丑，亳社災。秋八月甲寅，滕子結卒。冬十有二月，葬蔡昭公。葬滕頃公。

On the xinchou day of the sixth month, the Bo altar burned. In autumn, on the jiayin day of the eighth month, Jie, Viscount of Teng, died. In winter, in the twelfth month, Duke Zhao of Cai was buried. Duke Qing of Teng was buried.

【傳】四年春，蔡昭侯將如吳，諸大夫恐其又遷也，承，公孫翩逐而射之，入於家人而卒。以兩矢門之。眾莫敢進。文之鍇後至，曰：“如牆而進，多而殺二人。”鍇執弓而先，翩射之，中肘。鍇遂殺之。故逐公孫辰，而殺公孫姓、公孫盱。

[Commentary] In the fourth year, spring, Marquis Zhao of Cai was about to go to Wu, and the grandees, afraid that he would move again, took the opportunity, and Gongsun Pian chased and shot him; he entered a commoner's house and then died. Two arrows guarded the door. The crowd did not dare enter. Wen Zhikai arrived later and said: "If we go in like a wall, at most two men will be killed." Kai held a bow in front, and Pian shot him, hitting his elbow. Kai then killed Pian. So they drove out Gongsun Chen and killed Gongsun Xing and Gongsun Xu.

夏，楚人既克夷虎，乃謀北方。左司馬眅、申公壽餘、葉公諸梁致蔡於負函，致方城之外於繒關，曰：“吳將溯江入郢，將奔命焉。”為一昔之期，襲梁及霍。單浮餘圍蠻氏，蠻氏潰。蠻子赤奔晉陰地。司馬起豐、析與狄戎，以臨上雒。左師軍於菟和，右師軍於倉野，使謂陰地之命大夫士蔑曰：“晉、楚有盟，好惡同之。若將不廢，寡君之願也。不然，將通於少習以聽命。”士蔑請諸趙孟。

In summer, the men of Chu, having already defeated Yihu, then planned for the north. Zuo Sima Fan, Shengong Shouyu and Duke She, Zhuliang, gathered the men of Cai at Fuhan and the men outside Fangcheng at Zengguan, saying: "Wu will go up the Yangzi into Ying; we shall hasten to take orders." They agreed on a night as the time and raided Liang and Huo. Shan Fuyu besieged the Man clan, and the Man clan collapsed. Chi, Viscount of Man, fled to the Yin land of Jin. The Marshal mobilized Feng, Xi and the Di Rong and approached Shangluo. The left army camped at Tuhe and the right army at Cangye, and they sent someone to say to Shi Mie, the Grandee of Mandate of the Yin land: "Jin and Chu have a covenant, sharing likes and dislikes. If it is not abandoned, that is my lord's wish. Otherwise, we will open the Shaoxi pass to take orders." Shi Mie asked instructions from Zhao Meng.

趙孟曰：“晉國未寧，安能惡於楚，必速與之。”士蔑乃致九州之戎。將裂田以與蠻子而城之，且將為之卜。蠻子聽卜，遂執之，與其五大夫，以畀楚師於三戶。

Zhao Meng said: "Jin is not yet at peace; how can we make an enemy of Chu? Hand him over quickly." Shi Mie then assembled the Rong of the nine regions. He was about to allot land to the Viscount of Man and build a city, and would also divine for him. The Viscount of Man came to hear the divination, and so he seized him and his five grandees and handed them over to the army of Chu at Sanhu.

司馬致邑，立宗焉，以誘其遺民，而盡俘以歸。

The Marshal set up towns and built ancestral temples to lure his remnant people, and took them all captive and returned.

秋七月，齊陳乞、弦施、衛寧跪救范氏。庚午，圍五鹿。九月，趙鞅圍邯鄲。

In autumn, in the seventh month, Chen Qi and Xian Shi of Qi and Ning Gui of Wei rescued the Fan clan. On the gengwu day, they besieged Wulu. In the ninth month, Zhao Yang besieged Handan.

冬十一月，邯鄲降。荀寅奔鮮虞，趙稷奔臨。十二月，弦施逆之，遂墮臨。國夏伐晉，取邢、任、欒、鄗、逆畤、陰人、盂、壺口。會鮮虞，納荀寅於柏人。

In winter, in the eleventh month, Handan surrendered. Xun Yin fled to Xianyu, and Zhao Ji fled to Lin. In the twelfth month, Xian Shi received him, and then tore down Lin. Guo Xia attacked Jin and took Xing, Ren, Luan, Hao, Niqi, Yinren, Yu and Hukou. Joining the men of Xianyu, he escorted Xun Yin into Boren.

【經】五年春，城毗。夏，齊侯伐宋。晉趙鞅帥師伐衛。秋九月癸酉，齊侯杵臼卒。冬，叔還如齊。閏月，葬齊景公。

[Classic] In the fifth year, spring, Pi was built. In summer, the Marquis of Qi attacked Song. Zhao Yang of Jin led troops and attacked Wei. In autumn, on the guiyou day of the ninth month, Chujiu, Marquis of Qi, died. In winter, Shu Huan went to Qi. In the intercalary month, Duke Jing of Qi was buried.

【傳】五年春，晉圍柏人，荀寅、士吉射奔齊。初，范氏之臣王生惡張柳朔，言諸昭子，使為柏人。昭子曰：“夫非而仇乎？”對曰：“私仇不及公，好不廢過，惡不去善，義之經也。臣敢違之？”及范氏出，張柳朔謂其子：“爾從主，勉之！我將止死，王生授我矣。吾不可以僣之。”遂死於柏人。

[Commentary] In the fifth year, spring, Jin besieged Boren, and Xun Yin and Shi Jishe fled to Qi. In the beginning, Wang Sheng, a minister of the Fan clan, hated Zhang Liushuo and told Zhaozi to make him steward of Boren. Zhaozi said: "Is he not your enemy?" He replied: "Private enmity does not touch public affairs, likes do not excuse faults, dislikes do not remove goodness; this is the constant rule of righteousness. How could I dare go against it?" When the Fan clan left the state, Zhang Liushuo said to his son: "You follow the master; do your best! I will stay and die; Wang Sheng entrusted this to me. I cannot betray it." And so he died at Boren.

夏，趙鞅伐衛，范氏之故也，遂圍中牟。

In summer, Zhao Yang attacked Wei, because of the Fan clan, and besieged Zhongmou.

齊燕姬生子，不成而死，諸子鬻姒之子荼嬖。諸大夫恐其為大子也，言於公曰：“君之齒長矣，未有大子，若之何？”公曰：“二三子間於憂虞，則有疾疢。

Yan Ji of Qi bore a son who died before coming of age, and among the other sons, Tu, son of Yu Si, was favored. The grandees feared he would be made heir and said to the Duke: "My lord is advanced in years and still has no heir; what shall we do?" The Duke said: "If you gentlemen are caught up in worry, you will fall ill.

亦姑謀樂，何憂於無君？”公疾，使國惠子、高昭子立荼，置群公子於萊。秋，齊景公卒。冬十月，公子嘉、公子駒、公子黔奔衛，公子鉏、公子陽生來奔。萊人歌之曰：“景公死乎不與埋，三軍之事乎不與謀。師乎師乎，何黨之乎？”鄭駟秦富而侈，嬖大夫也，而常陳卿之車服於其庭。鄭人惡而殺之。子思曰：“《詩》曰：‘不解於位，民之攸塈。’不守其位，而能久者鮮矣。《商頌》曰：‘不僣不濫，不敢怠皇，命以多福。’”

"Let us seek pleasure for now; why worry about having no ruler?" The Duke fell ill and had Guo Huizi and Gao Zhaozi set up Tu, and settled the various ducal sons at Lai. In autumn, Duke Jing of Qi died. In winter, in the tenth month, Gongzi Jia, Gongzi Ju and Gongzi Qian fled to Wei, and Gongzi Chu and Gongzi Yangsheng came as refugees. The men of Lai sang: "Duke Jing is dead, and we take no part in burying him; the three armies' affairs, we take no part in planning. O people, O people, to which side will you turn?" Si Qin of Zheng was rich and extravagant, a favored grandee, yet he often displayed the carriage and dress of a minister in his courtyard. The men of Zheng hated him and killed him. Zisi said: "The Odes say: 'Not slacking in one's position, the people are thereby at rest.' Few who do not keep to their position can last long. The Odes of Shang say: 'Not overstepping and not exceeding, not daring to be idle or leisurely, and with this he receives many blessings.'"

【經】六年春，城邾瑕。晉趙鞅帥師伐鮮虞。吳伐陳。夏，齊國夏及高張來奔。叔還公吳於柤。秋七月庚寅，楚子軫卒。齊陽生入齊。齊陳乞弒其君荼。

[Classic] In the sixth year, spring, Zhuxia was built. Zhao Yang of Jin led troops and attacked Xianyu. Wu attacked Chen. In summer, Guo Xia and Gao Zhang of Qi came as refugees. Shu Huan met Wu at Zha. In autumn, on the gengyin day of the seventh month, Zhen, Viscount of Chu, died. Yangsheng of Qi entered Qi. Chen Qi of Qi murdered their ruler Tu.

冬，仲孫何忌帥師伐邾。宋向巢帥師伐曹。

In winter, Zhongsun Heji led an army to attack Zhu. Xiang Chao of Song led an army to attack Cao.

【傳】六年春，晉伐鮮虞，治范氏之亂也。

[Commentary] In the sixth year, in spring, Jin attacked Xianyu, to punish the disorder of the Fan clan.

吳伐陳，復修舊怨也。楚子曰：“吾先君與陳有盟，不可以不救。”乃救陳，師於城父。

Wu attacked Chen, again taking up the old grievance. The Viscount of Chu said, "Our former ruler had a covenant with Chen, and we cannot fail to relieve it." So he went to relieve Chen, and the army encamped at Chengfu.

齊陳乞偽事高、國者，每朝必驂乘焉。所從必言諸大夫，曰：“彼皆偃蹇，將棄子之命。皆曰：‘高、國得君，必逼我，盍去諸？’固將謀子，子早圖之。

Chen Qi of Qi pretended to serve the Gao and Guo clans and, each time he went to court, he always rode in the third seat of their chariot. Those who followed him he always had speak ill of the grand officers, saying, "They are all arrogant and will disregard your orders. They all say: 'The Gao and Guo clans, having gained the ruler, will surely press upon us; why not remove them?' They were originally going to plot against you, so think of it early.

圖之，莫如盡滅之。需，事之下也。”及朝，則曰：“彼虎狼也，見我在子之側，殺我無日矣。請就之位。”又謂諸大夫曰：“二子者禍矣！恃得君而欲謀二三子，曰：‘國之多難，貴寵之由，盡去之而後君定。’既成謀矣，盍及其未作也，先諸？作而後悔，亦無及也。”大夫從之。

Thinking about it, it is better to destroy them all. Hesitation is the worst course in a matter." When they went to court, he said, "They are tigers and wolves, and seeing me at your side, they will kill me in a few days. Please let me go to their places." He also said to the grand officers, "These two are in trouble! Relying on having gained the ruler, they wish to plot against you several gentlemen, saying: 'The many troubles of the state come from the honored and favored; remove them all and then the ruler will be at peace.' The plan is already made; why not strike first before they act? To regret after they have acted will be too late." The grand officers followed him.

夏六月戊辰，陳乞、鮑牧及諸大夫，以甲入於公宮。昭子聞之，與惠子乘如公，戰於莊，敗。國人追之，國夏奔莒，遂及高張、晏圉、弦施來奔。

In summer, in the sixth month, on wuchen, Chen Qi, Bao Mu, and the grand officers entered the ducal palace with armor. Zhaozi heard of it and rode with Huizi in a chariot to the duke, and fought at Zhuang, and were defeated. The people of the state pursued them, Guo Xia fled to Ju, and later came with Gao Zhang, Yan Yu, and Xian Shi.

秋七月，楚子在城父，將救陳。卜戰，不吉；卜退，不吉。王曰：“然則死也！再敗楚師，不如死。棄盟逃仇，亦不如死。死一也，其死仇乎！”命公子申為王，不可；則命公子結，亦不可；則命公子啟，五辭而後許。將戰，王有疾。

In autumn, in the seventh month, the Viscount of Chu was at Chengfu, about to relieve Chen. A divination for fighting was inauspicious, and a divination for withdrawing was inauspicious. The king said, "Then it is death! To let the Chu army be defeated again is worse than death. To abandon the covenant and flee the enemy is also worse than death. Death is the same either way, so let us die facing the enemy!" He appointed Prince Shen as king, but he would not accept; he appointed Prince Jie, who would not accept either; he appointed Prince Qi, who declined five times and then accepted. As they were about to fight, the king fell ill.

庚寅，昭王攻大冥，卒於城父。子閭退，曰：“君王舍其子而讓，群臣敢忘君乎？從君之命，順也。立君之子，亦順也。二順不可失也。”與子西、子期謀，潛師閉塗，逆越女之子章，立之而後還。

On gengyin, King Zhao attacked Daming and died at Chengfu. Zilü withdrew and said, "The king set aside his sons and yielded the throne; would his ministers dare forget their ruler? To follow the ruler's command is proper. To install the ruler's son is also proper. Neither of these two proprieties can be lost." He planned with Zixi and Ziqi, concealed the army and closed the roads, welcomed Zhang, the son of the Yue woman, installed him, and then returned.

是歲也，有云如眾赤鳥，夾日以飛，三日。楚子使問諸周大史。周大史曰：“其當王身乎！若禜之，可移於令尹、司馬。”王曰：“除腹心之疾，而置諸股肱，何益？不穀不有大過，天其夭諸？有罪受罰，又焉移之？”遂弗禜。

In this year, there were clouds like many red birds, flying on either side of the sun for three days. The Viscount of Chu sent someone to ask the Grand Historian of Zhou. The Grand Historian of Zhou said, "It probably corresponds to the king's own person! If a yong sacrifice is held, it could be transferred to the Chancellor or the Minister of War." The king said, "To remove the sickness from the belly and heart and place it on the limbs, what benefit is there? If I have no great fault, would Heaven cut my life short? If I have guilt and receive the punishment, where else could it be transferred?" So he did not hold the yong sacrifice.

初，昭王有疾。卜曰：“河為祟。”王弗祭。大夫請祭諸郊，王曰：“三代命祀，祭不越望。江、漢、雎、漳，楚之望也。禍福之至，不是過也。不穀雖不德，河非所獲罪也。”遂弗祭。孔子曰：“楚昭王知大道矣！其不失國也，宜哉！《夏書》曰：‘惟彼陶唐，帥彼天常，有此冀方。今失其行，亂其紀綱，乃滅而亡。’又曰：‘允出茲在茲。’由己率常可矣。”

Earlier, King Zhao had been ill. A divination said, "The River spirit is making trouble." The king did not sacrifice. The grand officers asked to sacrifice in the suburbs, and the king said, "The sacrifices established by the Three Dynasties do not go beyond the wang sacrifice. The Yangtze, Han, Ju, and Zhang are Chu's wang. The coming of misfortune and fortune does not exceed these. Though I have no virtue, the River is not a spirit I have offended." So he did not sacrifice. Confucius said, "King Zhao of Chu knew the great Way! That he did not lose his state was fitting! The Book of Xia says: 'That Taotang, following the constant way of Heaven, held this region of Ji. Now he has lost that conduct and thrown the regulations into disorder, and so he perished.' It also says: 'Good faith comes from here and rests here.' Following the constant way from oneself is enough."

八月，齊邴意茲來奔。

In the eighth month, Bing Yizi of Qi came and fled to Lu.

陳僖子使召公子陽生。陽生駕而見南郭且於，曰：“嘗獻馬於季孫，不入於上乘，故又獻此，請與子乘之。”出萊門而告之故。闞止知之，先待諸外。公子曰：“事未可知，反，與壬也處。”戒之，遂行。逮夜，至於齊，國人知之。僖子使子士之母養之，與饋者皆入。

Chen Xizi sent someone to summon Prince Yangsheng. Yangsheng drove his chariot to see Nanguo Qieyu, saying, "I once offered a horse to Jisun but it was not able to join the upper team, and so I offer this one; please ride together with me." It was only after leaving the Lai gate that he told him the reason. Kan Zhi knew and waited outside first. The prince said, "Matters are not yet known; go back and stay with Ren." He warned him and then set out. They arrived in Qi at night, and the people of the state learned of it. Xizi had the mother of Zishi look after him, and he entered together with the people bringing food.

冬十月丁卯，立之。將盟，鮑子醉而往。其臣差車鮑點曰：“此誰之命也？”陳子曰：“受命於鮑子。”遂誣鮑子曰：“子之命也。”鮑子曰：“女忘君之為孺子牛而折其齒乎？而背之也！”悼公稽首，曰：“吾子奉義而行者也。若我可，不必亡一大夫。若我不可，不必亡一公子。義則進，否則退，敢不唯子是從？廢興無以亂，則所願也。”鮑子曰：“誰非君之子？”乃受盟。使胡姬以安孺子如賴。去鬻姒，殺王甲，拘江說，囚王豹於句竇之丘。

In winter, in the tenth month, on dingmao, he was installed. As they were about to make a covenant, Bao Zi went there drunk. His retainer Chai Che Bao Dian said, "Whose command is this?" Chenzi said, "I received the command from Bao Zi." So he falsely said to Bao Zi, "It was your command." Bao Zi said, "Have you forgotten that the ruler served as an ox for the child and broke his teeth? And yet you turn against him!" Duke Dao touched his head to the ground and said, "You act in accordance with righteousness. If I may, a grand officer need not die. If I may not, a prince need not die. If it accords with righteousness, I will advance; if not, I will withdraw; how dare I not follow only you? Let deposition and installation not cause disorder, and that is all I wish." Bao Zi said, "Who is not a ruler's son?" So he accepted the covenant. He had Hu Ji take An Ruzi to Lai. He removed Yu Si, killed Wang Jia, imprisoned Jiang Shuo, and confined Wang Bao at the mound of Judou.

公使朱毛告於陳子，曰：“微子則不及此。然君異於器，不可以二。器二不匱，君二多難，敢布諸大夫。”僖子不對而泣，曰：“君舉不信群臣乎？以齊國之困，困又有憂。少君不可以訪，是以求長君，庶亦能容群臣乎！不然，夫孺子何罪？”毛覆命，公悔之。毛曰：“君大訪於陳子，而圖其小可也。”使毛遷孺子於駘，不至，殺諸野幕之下，葬諸殳冒淳。

The duke sent Zhu Mao to tell Chenzi, "Without you I could not have come to this. But a ruler and a vessel are different, and one cannot have two. Two vessels do not run short, but two rulers bring many troubles, and I dare to state this to the grand officer." Xizi did not answer but wept, and said, "Does the ruler not trust the ministers at all? Because of Qi's difficulties, and within the difficulties there is also sorrow. A young ruler cannot be consulted, and so we sought an older ruler; perhaps he could also accommodate the ministers! Otherwise, what crime has the child?" Mao reported, and the duke regretted. Mao said, "Your Lordship consults Chenzi on great matters, and can plan that small matter yourself." He sent Mao to move the child to Dai, but before arriving he was killed under a tent in the open and buried at Shumao Chun.

【經】七年春，宋皇瑗帥師侵鄭。晉魏曼多帥師侵衛。夏，公會吳於鄫。

[Classic] In the seventh year, in spring, Huang Yuan of Song led an army to raid Zheng. Wei Manduo of Jin led an army to raid Wei. In summer, the duke met Wu at Zeng.

秋，公伐邾。八月己酉，入邾，以邾子益來。宋人圍曹。冬，鄭駟弘帥師救曹。

In autumn, the duke attacked Zhu. On jiyou, in the eighth month, he entered Zhu and took Yi, Viscount of Zhu, back with him. The men of Song besieged Cao. In winter, Si Hong of Zheng led an army to relieve Cao.

【傳】七年春，宋師侵鄭，鄭叛晉故也。

[Commentary] In the seventh year, in spring, the army of Song raided Zheng because Zheng had turned against Jin.

晉師侵衛，衛不服也。

The army of Jin raided Wei because Wei did not submit.

夏，公會吳於鄫。吳來徵百牢，子服景伯對曰：“先王未之有也。”吳人曰：“宋百牢我，魯不可以後宋。且魯牢晉大夫過十，吳王百牢，不亦可乎？”景伯曰：“晉範鞅貪而棄禮，以大國懼敝邑，故敝邑十一牢之。君若以禮命於諸侯，則有數矣。若亦棄禮，則有淫者矣。周之王也，制禮，上物不過十二，以為天之大數也。今棄周禮，而曰必百牢，亦唯執事。”吳人弗聽。景伯曰：“吳將亡矣！棄天而背本。不與，必棄疾於我。”乃與之。

In summer, the duke met Wu at Zeng. Wu demanded a hundred grand offerings of cattle, sheep, and pigs, and Zifu Jingbo replied, "The former kings never had this." The men of Wu said, "Song treated us with a hundred grand offerings; Lu cannot fall behind Song. Moreover, Lu treats the grand officers of Jin with more than ten grand offerings, and if the king of Wu uses a hundred, is that not also acceptable?" Jingbo said, "Fan Yang of Jin was greedy and abandoned ritual, and used the great state to frighten our humble state, and so our humble state used eleven grand offerings. If Your Lordship uses ritual to command the feudal lords, there is a set number. If you also abandon ritual, then there is excess. When Zhou became king and set up ritual, the highest offerings did not exceed twelve, taking that as Heaven's great number. Now you abandon the ritual of Zhou and say there must be a hundred grand offerings; we shall only listen to your officials." The men of Wu did not listen. Jingbo said, "Wu is about to perish! It abandons Heaven and turns its back on the root. If we do not give it, they will certainly throw their sickness on us." So they gave it.

大宰嚭召季康子，康子使子貢辭。大宰嚭曰：“國君道長，而大夫不出門，此何禮也？”對曰：“豈以為禮？畏大國也。大國不以禮命於諸侯，苟不以禮，豈可量也？寡君既共命焉，其老豈敢棄其國？大伯端委以治周禮，仲雍嗣之，斷髮文身，臝以為飾，豈禮也哉？有由然也。”反自鄫，以吳為無能為也。

The Grand Steward Pi summoned Ji Kangzi, and Kangzi sent Zigong to decline. The Grand Steward Pi said, "The ruler has been long on the road, and yet the grand officer does not leave his door; what ritual is this?" He replied, "How could this be called ritual? It is fear of a great state. A great state does not use ritual to command the feudal lords, and if ritual is not used, how can there be any measure? Our humble ruler has already supplied your commands; how would his old minister dare abandon his state? Dabo wore ceremonial dress to govern by the rites of Zhou, and Zhongyong succeeded him, cut his hair, tattooed his body, and went naked as ornament; how is that ritual? It has its reasons." On returning from Zeng, he thought Wu could not accomplish anything.

季康子欲伐邾，乃饗大夫以謀之。子服景伯曰：“小所以事大，信也。大所以保小，仁也。背大國，不信。伐小國，不仁。民保於城，城保於德，失二德者，危，將焉保？”孟孫曰：“二三子以為何如？惡賢而逆之？”對曰：“禹合諸侯於塗山，執玉帛者萬國。今其存者，無數十焉。唯大不字小，小不事大也。知必危，何故不言？魯德如邾，而以眾加之，可乎？”不樂而出。

Ji Kangzi wished to attack Zhu, and so feasted the grand officers to plan it. Zifu Jingbo said, "The way a small state serves a great state is good faith. The way a great state protects a small state is humaneness. To turn against a great state is lack of good faith. To attack a small state is lack of humaneness. The people are protected by city walls, and city walls are protected by virtue; those who lose these two virtues are in danger, and what will protect them?" Mengsun said, "What do you gentlemen think? Do you hate the worthy but cater to him?" He replied, "Yu gathered the feudal lords at Tushan, and those holding jade and silk numbered ten thousand states. Those that survive today are not even a few dozen. This is only because the large did not cherish the small and the small did not serve the large. Knowing it is certainly dangerous, why not say it? Lu's virtue is like Zhu's, yet it presses upon it with a multitude; can that do?" He went out displeased.

秋，伐邾，及範門，猶聞鐘聲。大夫諫，不聽，茅成子請告於吳，不許，曰：“魯擊柝聞於邾，吳二千里，不三月不至，何及於我？且國內豈不足？”成子以茅叛，師遂入邾，處其公宮，眾師晝掠，邾眾保於繹。師宵掠，以邾子益來，獻於亳社，囚諸負瑕。負瑕故有繹。邾茅夷鴻以束帛乘韋，自請救於吳，曰：“魯弱晉而遠吳，馮恃其眾，而背君之盟，闢君之執事，以陵我小國。邾非敢自愛也，懼君威之不立。君威之不立，小國之憂也。若夏盟於鄫衍，秋而背之，成求而不違，四方諸侯，其何以事君？且魯賦八百乘，君之貳也。邾賦六百乘，君之私也。以私奉貳，唯君圖之。”吳子從之。

In autumn, they attacked Zhu, reaching the Fan gate, and still heard the sound of bells. The grand officers remonstrated but were not heeded. Maocheng Zi asked to tell Wu, but it was not allowed, with the words, "Zhu can hear the sound of Lu's watchman's clapper, while Wu is two thousand li away and cannot arrive in less than three months; how could it come in time to help us? And is the interior not enough?" Chengzi took Mao and rebelled, and the army then entered Zhu and lodged in the ducal palace; the troops plundered by day, while the Zhu people held Yi. The army plundered at night, and took Yi, Viscount of Zhu, back with them, presented him at the Bo altar, and imprisoned him at Fuxia. Because of this, Fuxia had Yi people. Mao Yihong of Zhu sought help from Wu himself with bundled silk and four pieces of tanned leather, saying, "Lu thinks Jin is weak and Wu is far, relies on its numbers, abandons your covenant, despises your officials, and invades our small state. Zhu does not dare to love itself, but fears that your authority cannot be established. If your authority cannot be established, it is the worry of small states. If in summer a covenant was made at Zengyan and in autumn it is broken, and if what they seek they get without opposition, on what basis will the feudal lords of the four quarters serve you? Moreover, Lu's military levy is eight hundred chariots, which is your deputy. Zhu's military levy is six hundred chariots, which is your private dependency. To use a private dependency to feed a deputy, please consider." The Viscount of Wu followed this advice.

宋人圍曹。鄭桓子思曰：“宋人有曹，鄭之患也。不可以不救。”冬，鄭師救曹，侵宋。

The men of Song besieged Cao. Huanzi Si of Zheng said, "If the men of Song hold Cao, it is a calamity for Zheng. We must not fail to relieve it." In winter, the army of Zheng relieved Cao and raided Song.

初，曹人或夢眾君子立於社宮，而謀亡曹，曹叔振鐸請待公孫強，許之。旦而求之曹，無之。戒其子曰：“我死，爾聞公孫強為政，必去之。”及曹伯陽即位，好田弋。曹鄙人公孫強好弋，獲白雁，獻之，且言田弋之說，說之。因訪政事，大說之。有寵，使為司城以聽政。夢者之子乃行。強言霸說於曹伯，曹伯從之，乃背晉而奸宋。宋人伐之，晉人不救。築五邑於其郊，曰黍丘、揖丘、大城、鍾、邗。

Earlier, some men of Cao dreamed of many gentlemen standing in the altar palace, planning to destroy Cao, and Zhenduo, Lord Shu of Cao, asked to wait for Gongsun Qiang, which was agreed. In the morning they sought him in Cao, but there was no such man. He warned his son, "When I die, if you hear that Gongsun Qiang has taken government, you must leave." When Yang, Earl of Cao, took the throne, he loved hunting and shooting birds. A border man of Cao, Gongsun Qiang, loved shooting birds, and obtained a white goose, which he presented, and spoke of the theory of hunting and shooting birds, which pleased the Earl of Cao. Then he asked about government and was very pleased. Having gained favor, he was made Director of the City and listened to government. The dreamer's son therefore left. Qiang told the Earl of Cao about the theory of hegemony, and the Earl of Cao followed it, and so turned against Jin and offended Song. The men of Song attacked him, and the men of Jin did not relieve him. He built five towns in the suburbs, called Shuqiu, Yiqiu, Dacheng, Zhong, and Han.

【經】八年春王正月，宋公入曹，以曹伯陽歸。吳伐我。夏，齊人取讙及闡。

[Classic] In the eighth year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, the Duke of Song entered Cao and took Yang, Earl of Cao, back with him. Wu attacked our state. In summer, the men of Qi took Huan and Chan.

歸邾子益於邾。秋七月。冬十有二月癸亥，杞伯過卒。齊人歸讙及闡。

Yi, Viscount of Zhu, was sent back to Zhu. In autumn, the seventh month. In winter, in the twelfth month, on guihai, Guo, Earl of Qi, died. The men of Qi returned Huan and Chan.

【傳】八年春，宋公伐曹，將還，褚師子肥殿。曹人詬之，不行，師待之。

[Commentary] In the eighth year, in spring, the Duke of Song attacked Cao, and, about to return, Chushi Zifei served as the rear guard. The men of Cao cursed him, and the army did not move but waited with the whole host.

公聞之，怒，命反之，遂滅曹。執曹伯及司城強以歸，殺之。

The duke heard of it and was angry, ordered them to turn back, and so destroyed Cao. He seized the Earl of Cao and Qiang, Director of the City, took them back and killed them.

吳為邾故，將伐魯，問於叔孫輒。叔孫輒對曰：“魯有名而無情，伐之，必得志焉。”退而告公山不狃。公山不狃曰：“非禮也。君子違，不適仇國。未臣而有伐之，奔命焉，死之可也。所託也則隱。且夫人之行也，不以所惡廢鄉。今子以小惡而欲覆宗國，不亦難乎？若使子率，子必辭，王將使我。”子張疾之。

Wu, because of Zhu, was about to attack Lu and asked Shusun Zhe. Shusun Zhe replied, "Lu has a name but no substance, and in attacking it you will surely get your way." He withdrew and told Gongshan Buniu. Gongshan Buniu said, "That is not in accord with ritual. A gentleman who leaves his own state does not go to an enemy state. Not yet being a minister and yet to take part in attacking one's own state, running about and taking orders for them and dying for it is acceptable. When one has been entrusted with something, one conceals it. Moreover, when a man goes abroad, he does not forsake his home village because of what he hates. Now you want to overturn your ancestral state because of a small grudge; is that not also hard? If they have you lead, you must decline, and the king will send me." Zizhang was pained by this.

王問於子洩，對曰：“魯雖無與立，必有與斃；諸侯將救之，未可以得志焉。晉與齊、楚輔之，是四仇也。夫魯，齊、晉之唇，唇亡齒寒，君所知也。不救何為？”三月，吳伐我，子洩率，故道險，從武城。初，武城人或有因於吳竟田焉，拘鄫人之漚菅者，曰：“何故使吾水滋？”及吳師至，拘者道之，以伐武城，克之。王犯嘗為之宰，澹臺子羽之父好焉。國人懼，懿子謂景伯：“若之何？”對曰：“吳師來，斯與之戰，何患焉？且召之而至，又何求焉？”吳師克東陽而進，舍於五梧，明日，舍於蠶室。公賓庚、公甲叔子與戰於夷，獲叔子與析朱鉏。

The king asked Zixie, who replied, "Though Lu has no helper to live together with it, it will surely have those who will die together; the feudal lords will relieve it, and you still cannot have your way. Jin, Qi, and Chu assist it, and these are four enemies. Lu is the lips of Qi and Jin, and when the lips are gone the teeth are cold, which Your Lordship knows. Why would they not relieve it?" In the third month, Wu attacked our state, with Zixie leading, and so took dangerous roads, from Wucheng. Earlier, some men of Wucheng had farmed fields on the Wu border and seized Zeng people soaking rushes, saying, "Why do you make our water muddy?" When the Wu army arrived, those who had been seized led the way and attacked Wucheng and took it. Wang Fan had once been steward there, and the father of Zitai Ziyu was friendly with him. The people of the state were afraid, and Yizi said to Jingbo, "What shall we do?" He replied, "The Wu army has come, so we fight them; what is there to worry about? Moreover, those who called them in, what else do they seek?" The Wu army took Dongyang and advanced, stayed at Wuwu, and the next day stayed at Cansi. Gong Binyu and Gong Jia Shuzi fought at Yi, and Wu captured Shuzi and Xi Zhu Chu.

獻於王，王曰：“此同車，必使能，國未可望也。”明日，舍於庚宗，遂次於泗上。微虎欲宵攻王舍，私屬徒七百人，三踴於幕庭，卒三百人，有若與焉，及稷門之內。或謂季孫曰：“不足以害吳，而多殺國士，不如已也。”乃止之。吳子聞之，一夕三遷。吳人行成，將盟。景伯曰：“楚人圍宋，易子而食，析骸而爨，猶無城下之盟。我未及虧，而有城下之盟，是棄國也。吳輕而遠，不能久，將歸矣請少待之。”弗從。景伯負載，造於萊門，乃請釋子服何於吳，吳人許之。以王子姑曹當之，而後止。吳人盟而還。

They were presented to the king, and the king said, "These are men from the same chariot; since they use those with ability, the state cannot yet be counted on." The next day, he stayed at Gengzong, and then encamped on the Si. Wei Hu wished to raid the king's lodging at night, and privately gathered seven hundred followers, who leapt three times in the courtyard of the tent, and he chose three hundred, with You Ruo among them, and reached inside the Ji gate. Someone said to Jisun, "This is not enough to harm Wu and would kill many scholars of the state; it would be better to stop." So it was stopped. The Viscount of Wu heard of it and moved camp three times in one night. The men of Wu asked for peace and were about to make a covenant. Jingbo said, "When the men of Chu besieged Song, they exchanged their children to eat and split bones to cook with, and still did not make a covenant under the city walls. We have not yet suffered losses, yet to make a covenant under the walls is to abandon the state. Wu is hasty and far from home, cannot hold out long, and is about to go back; please wait a little." He was not heeded. Jingbo carried the covenant text on his back and reached the Lai gate, and then asked to leave Zifu He in Wu, and the men of Wu agreed. They exchanged him for the prince Gucao as an equal hostage, and then stopped. The men of Wu made the covenant and returned.

齊悼公之來也，季康子以其妹妻之，即位而逆之。季魴侯通焉，女言其情，弗敢與也。齊侯怒，夏五月，齊鮑牧帥師伐我，取讙及闡。

When Duke Dao of Qi came, Ji Kangzi married his younger sister to him, and after he took the throne he came to fetch her. Ji Fanghou had relations with her, and the woman told the truth, and he did not dare to hand her over. The Marquis of Qi was angry, and in summer, in the fifth month, Bao Mu of Qi led an army to attack our state and took Huan and Chan.

或譖胡姬於齊侯，曰：“安孺子之黨也。”六月，齊侯殺胡姬。

Someone slandered Hu Ji to the Marquis of Qi, saying, "She is of An Ruzi's party." In the sixth month, the Marquis of Qi killed Hu Ji.

齊侯使如吳請師，將以伐我，乃歸邾子。邾子又無道，吳子使大宰子餘討之，囚諸樓臺，栫之以棘。使諸大夫奉大子革以為政。

The Marquis of Qi sent someone to Wu to ask for troops, intending to attack our state, and so sent back the Viscount of Zhu. The Viscount of Zhu again lacked the Way, and the Viscount of Wu sent the Grand Steward Ziyu to punish him, imprisoned him on a tower and surrounded it with brambles. He had the grand officers serve the heir Ge in taking government.

秋，及齊平。九月，臧賓如如齊蒞盟，齊閭丘明來蒞盟，且逆季姬以歸，嬖。

In autumn, they made peace with Qi. In the ninth month, Zang Binru went to Qi to attend the covenant, and Lüqiu Ming of Qi came to attend the covenant, and also welcomed Ji Ji back, and was favored.

鮑牧又謂群公子曰：“使女有馬千乘乎？”公子愬之。公謂鮑子：“或譖子，子姑居於潞以察之。若有之，則分室以行。若無之，則反子之所。”出門，使以三分之一行。半道，使以二乘。及潞，麇之以入，遂殺之。

Bao Mu again said to the princes, "Shall I give you a thousand chariots of horses?" The princes went and reported it. The Marquis of Qi said to Bao Zi, "Someone slanders you; stay for the time being at Lu to see. If it is true, divide off your household and leave. If not, return to your residence." He went out, and was allowed to take one third with him. Halfway, he was allowed to take only two chariots. When he reached Lu, he was bound and brought into the city, and then killed.

冬十二月，齊人歸讙及闡，季姬嬖故也。

In winter, in the twelfth month, the men of Qi returned Huan and Chan, because of Ji Ji's being in favor.