Duke Zhao (First to Thirty-second Year)

晉師將盟衛侯於鄟澤。趙簡子曰：“群臣誰敢盟衛君者？”涉佗、成何曰：“我能盟之。”衛人請執牛耳。成何曰：“衛，吾溫、原也，焉得視諸侯？”將歃，涉佗捘衛侯之手，及捥。衛侯怒，王孫賈趨進，曰：“盟以信禮也。有如衛君，其敢不唯禮是事，而受此盟也。”

The Jin army was about to make a covenant with the Marquis of Wei at Zhuanze. Zhao Jianzi said: "Which of the ministers dares to make a covenant with the ruler of Wei?" She Tuo and Cheng He said: "We can make a covenant with him." The people of Wei asked to hold the ox's ear. Cheng He said: "Wei is no more than our Wen and Yuan; how can it be regarded as a feudal lord?" As they were about to smear blood on their lips, She Tuo twisted the Marquis of Wei's hand up to the wrist. The Marquis of Wei was angered, and Wangsun Jia hurried forward and said: "A covenant is to affirm good faith and ritual. If the ruler of Wei is present here, how dare we not serve ritual single-mindedly and accept this covenant?"

衛侯欲叛晉，而患諸大夫。王孫賈使次於郊，大夫問故。公以晉詬語之，且曰：“寡人辱社稷，其改卜嗣，寡人從焉。”大夫曰：“是衛之禍，豈君之過也？”公曰：“又有患焉。謂寡人‘必以而子與大夫之子為質。’”大夫曰：“苟有益也，公子則往。群臣之子，敢不皆負羈紲以從？”將行。王孫賈曰：“苟衛國有難，工商未嘗不為患，使皆行而後可。”公以告大夫，乃皆將行之。行有日，公朝國人，使賈問焉，曰：“若衛叛晉，晉五伐我，病何如矣？”皆曰：“五伐我，猶可以能戰。”賈曰：“然則如叛之，病而後質焉，何遲之有？”乃叛晉。晉人請改盟，弗許。

The Marquis of Wei wished to rebel against Jin, but worried about the high officials. Wangsun Jia had him stay in the suburbs, and the high officials asked the reason. The duke told them of Jin's insults and also said: "I have disgraced the altars of the state; better to divine again for an heir, and I will obey." The high officials said: "This is Wei's calamity; how is it the ruler's fault?" The duke said: "There is still more to worry about. They told me: 'You must use your son and the sons of the high officials as hostages.'" The high officials said: "If it is beneficial, the prince will go. As for the ministers' sons, how dare they not all follow carrying the reins and halters?" They were about to set out. Wangsun Jia said: "If Wei is in danger, the artisans and merchants will also suffer disaster; let them all go and only then will it be acceptable." The duke told the high officials, and so all were to be sent. When the departure date was set, the duke met the people of the state and had Jia ask them, saying: "If Wei rebels against Jin and Jin attacks us five times, what will the hardship be?" All said: "If attacked five times, we can still fight." Jia said: "Then rebel; if we suffer hardship and then send hostages, what is late about that?" So they rebelled against Jin. The people of Jin asked to renew the covenant, but it was not granted.

秋，晉士鞅會成桓公，侵鄭，圍蟲牢，報伊闕也。遂侵衛。

In autumn, Shi Yang of Jin joined Duke Huan of Cheng and raided Zheng, besieging Chongnao, to avenge Yique. Then they raided Wei.

九月，師侵衛，晉故也。

In the ninth month, the army raided Wei, because of Jin.

季寤、公鉏極、公山不狃皆不得志於季氏，叔孫輒無寵於叔孫氏，叔仲志不得志於魯。故五人因陽虎。陽虎欲去三桓，以季寤更季氏，以叔孫輒更叔孫氏，己更孟氏。冬十月，順祀先公而祈焉。辛卯，禘於僖公。壬辰，將享季氏於蒲圃而殺之，戒都車曰：“癸巳至。”成宰公斂處父告孟孫，曰：“季氏戒都車，何故？”孟孫曰：“吾弗聞。”處父曰：“然則亂也，必及於子，先備諸？”與孟孫以壬辰為期。

Ji Wu, Gong Chuji and Gongshan Buniu all could not achieve their ambitions in the Ji clan, Shusun Zhe had no favor in the Shusun clan, and Shuzhong Zhi could not achieve his ambition in Lu. So the five attached themselves to Yang Hu. Yang Hu wished to remove the Three Huan, replacing the Ji clan with Ji Wu, the Shusun clan with Shusun Zhe, and the Meng clan with himself. In winter, in the tenth month, sacrifices were made to the former dukes by order of rank and prayers offered to them. On xinmao, the di sacrifice was held in the temple of Duke Xi. On renchen, he was going to feast the Ji clan at Pupu and kill him, and he warned the war chariots of the towns: "Arrive on guisi." Gongling Chufu, steward of Cheng, told Mengsun: "The Ji clan has warned the war chariots of the towns; what is the reason?" Mengsun said: "I have not heard." Chufu said: "Then it is an uprising, which will certainly extend to you; shall we prepare first?" He agreed with Mengsun on the day renchen as the time.

陽虎前驅，林楚御桓子，虞人以鈹盾夾之，陽越殿，將如蒲圃。桓子咋謂林楚曰：“而先皆季氏之良也，爾以是繼之。”對曰：“臣聞命後。陽虎為政，魯國服焉。違之，徵死。死無益於主。”桓子曰：“何後之有？而能以我適孟氏乎？”對曰：“不敢愛死，懼不免主。”桓子曰：“往也。”孟氏選圉人之壯者三百人，以為公期築室於門外。林楚怒馬及衢而騁，陽越射之，不中，築者闔門。有自門間射陽越，殺之。陽虎劫公與武叔，以伐孟氏。公斂處父帥成人，自上東門入，與陽氏戰於南門之內，弗勝。又戰於棘下，陽氏敗。陽虎說甲如公宮，取寶玉、大弓以出，舍於五父之衢，寢而為食。其徒曰：“追其將至。”虎曰：“魯人聞餘出，喜於徵死，何暇追餘？”從者曰：“嘻！速駕！公斂陽在。”公斂陽請追之，孟孫弗許。陽欲殺桓子，孟孫懼而歸之。子言辨舍爵於季氏之廟而出。陽虎入於讙、陽關以叛。

Yang Hu led the way in front, Lin Chu drove the chariot for Huanzi, foresters flanked him with pikes and shields, and Yang Yue guarded the rear, about to reach Pupu. Huanzi suddenly said to Lin Chu: "Your ancestors were all worthy men of the Ji clan; you use this to continue them." He replied: "Your servant hears the order too late. Yang Hu holds government and Lu obeys. To oppose him is to seek death. Death brings no benefit to the master." Huanzi said: "What is late? Can you take me to the Meng clan?" He replied: "I do not dare to spare my life; I only fear I cannot keep the master safe." Huanzi said: "Go." The Meng clan selected three hundred strong men among the horse keepers and pretended to build a house outside the gate for Gongqi. Lin Chu whipped the horses, and on reaching the main road he galloped; Yang Yue shot at him but missed, and the house builders shut the gate. Someone shot through the crack in the gate at Yang Yue and killed him. Yang Hu seized the duke and Wu Shu to attack the Meng clan. Gongling Chufu led the men of Cheng in through the Upper East Gate and fought the Yang clan inside the south gate, without winning. They fought again at Jixia, and the Yang clan was defeated. Yang Hu took off his armor and went to the ducal palace, took the precious jade and the great bow and came out, and stayed at the thoroughfare of Wufu, lay down and cooked a meal. His followers said: "The pursuers will probably arrive." Hu said: "When the people of Lu hear that I have left, they will be as happy as if they had escaped death; how would they have time to pursue me?" His attendants said: "Hey! Hurry and drive! Gongling Yang is there." Gongling Yang asked to pursue, but Mengsun did not permit it. Yang wished to kill Huanzi, but Mengsun feared this and sent him back. Zi Yan poured wine in the Ji clan's temple one by one, made offerings and then went out. Yang Hu entered Huan and Yangguan and rebelled.

鄭駟歂嗣子大叔為政。

Si Huan of Zheng succeeded Zi Da Shu in holding government.

【經】九年春王正月。夏四月戊申，鄭伯蠆卒。得寶玉、大弓。六月，葬鄭獻公。秋，齊侯、衛侯次於五氏。秦伯卒。冬，葬秦哀公。

[Classic] In the ninth year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar. In summer, in the fourth month, on the day wushen, Earl Chai of Zheng died. The precious jade and the great bow were obtained. In the sixth month, Duke Xian of Zheng was buried. In autumn, the Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei encamped at Wushi. The Earl of Qin died. In winter, Duke Ai of Qin was buried.

【傳】九年春，宋公使樂大心盟於晉，且逆樂祁之屍。辭，偽有疾。乃使向巢如晉盟，且逆子梁之屍。子明謂桐門右師出，曰：“吾猶衰絰，而子擊鐘，何也？”右師曰：“喪不在此故也。”既而告人曰：“己衰絰而生子，餘何故舍鍾？”子明聞之，怒，言於公曰：“右師將不利戴氏，不肯適晉，將作亂也。不然無疾。”

[Commentary] In the ninth year, in spring, the Duke of Song sent Yue Daxin to Jin to make a covenant and also to welcome back the corpse of Yue Qi. He declined, pretending to be ill. So he sent Xiang Chao to Jin to make a covenant and also to welcome back the corpse of Zi Liang. Zi Ming told the Right Chief Minister of Tongmen that he should leave the state, saying: "I am still wearing mourning cords, yet you strike bells; why?" The Right Chief Minister said: "Because the mourning is not here." Afterward he told others: "He himself wears mourning yet begets a son; why should I put down the bells?" Zi Ming heard of it, was angered, and said to the duke: "The Right Chief Minister will act against the Dai clan, is unwilling to go to Jin, and is going to rebel. Otherwise he would not lack illness."

乃逐桐門右師。

So the Right Chief Minister of Tongmen was driven out.

鄭駟歂殺鄧析，而用其《竹刑》。君子謂子然：“於是不忠。苟有可以加於國家者，棄其邪可也。《靜女》之三章，取彤管焉。《竿旄》‘何以告之’，取其忠也。故用其道，不棄其人。《詩》云：‘蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿伐、召伯所茇。’思其人猶愛其樹，況用其道而不恤其人乎？子然無以勸能矣。”

Si Huan of Zheng killed Deng Xi but used his Bamboo Penal Code. The gentleman commented on Zi Ran: "In this matter he was not loyal. If there was something that could benefit the state, it would be enough to discard his evil. In the three stanzas of Jingnu, the red reed is what is taken. In Ganmao, 'what shall we use to tell him,' loyalty is what is taken. So one uses his way and does not discard the man. The Ode says: 'The luxuriant sweet pear tree, do not cut it, do not fell it, for it is where the Count of Shao rested.' One thinks of the man and still loves his tree; how much more, when using his way, to not pity the man? Zi Ran has nothing with which to encourage the capable."

夏，陽虎歸寶玉、大弓。書曰“得”，器用也。凡獲器用曰得，得用焉曰獲。

In summer, Yang Hu returned the precious jade and the great bow. It is recorded as "obtained" because they were utensils. In general, obtaining utensils is called "de", and obtaining living things is called "huo".

六月，伐陽關。陽虎使焚萊門。師驚，犯之而出，奔齊，請師以伐魯，曰：“三加必取之。”齊侯將許之。鮑文子諫曰：“臣嘗為隸於施氏矣，魯未可取也。

In the sixth month, they attacked Yangguan. Yang Hu sent men to burn the Lai Gate. The army was thrown into confusion, and he broke out and fled to Qi, asking for troops to attack Lu, saying: "If you send troops three times, you will certainly take it." The Marquis of Qi was about to agree. Bao Wenzi remonstrated: "Your servant once served as a servant in the Shi clan, and Lu still cannot be taken.

上下猶和，眾庶猶睦，能事大國，而無天災，若之何取之？陽虎欲勤齊師也，齊師罷，大臣必多死亡，己於是乎奮其詐謀。夫陽虎有寵於季氏，而將殺季孫，以不利魯國，而求容焉。親富不親仁，君焉用之？君富於季氏，而大於魯國，茲陽虎所欲傾覆也。魯免其疾，而君又收之，無乃害乎！”齊侯執陽虎，將東之。陽虎願東，乃囚諸西鄙。盡借邑人之車，鍥其軸，麻約而歸之。載蔥靈，寢於其中而逃。追而得之，囚於齊。又以蔥靈逃，奔晉，適趙氏。仲尼曰：“趙氏其世有亂乎！”秋，齊侯伐晉夷儀。敝無存之父將室之，辭，以與其弟，曰：“此役也不死，反，必娶於高、國。”先登，求自門出，死於溜下。東郭書讓登，犁彌從之，曰：“子讓而左，我讓而右，使登者絕而後下。”書左，彌先下。書與王猛息。猛曰：“我先登。”書斂甲，曰：“曩者之難，今又難焉！”猛笑曰：“吾從子如驂之靳。”

Above and below are still in harmony, the multitude is still at peace, they can serve a great state, and there is no natural disaster; how can it be taken? Yang Hu wants to make the Qi army toil; if the Qi army is worn out, the great ministers will surely suffer many deaths, and he will use that time to carry out his deceit. Yang Hu was favored in the Ji clan, yet was about to kill Jisun, to the harm of the state of Lu, and now seeks acceptance. He is close to wealth and not to benevolence; what use is he to you? You, my lord, are richer than the Ji clan and larger than Lu, which is precisely what Yang Hu wishes to overturn. Lu has just been rid of his harm, and if you take him in again, I fear it will be harmful!" The Marquis of Qi seized Yang Hu and was about to settle him in the east. Yang Hu said he was willing to go east, so he was imprisoned on the western border. He borrowed all the carts of the townspeople, carved wounds into the axles, wrapped them with hemp and returned them. He loaded himself into a scallion-covered hearse and fled sleeping inside it. They caught up with him, seized him, and imprisoned him in Qi. He again escaped with the scallion hearse and fled to Jin, taking refuge with the Zhao clan. Zhongni said: "The Zhao clan will probably have disorder for generation after generation!" In autumn, the Marquis of Qi attacked Yiyi of Jin. The father of Bi Wucun was about to find him a wife, but he declined and yielded to his younger brother, saying: "If I do not die in this battle, when I return I shall certainly marry a daughter of the Gao or Guo clan." He was the first to climb the wall, and then asked to leave by the city gate, and died under the eaves. Dongguo Shu yielded the climbing of the wall, and Li Mi followed, saying: "You yield to the left and I yield to the right, and let those climbing the wall finish and then come down." Shu was on the left and Mi came down first. Shu and Wang Meng rested. Meng said: "I was first to climb the wall." Shu gathered his armor and said: "Just now it was hard, and now it is hard again!" Meng said with a smile: "I follow you like the side horse following the breast strap."

晉車千乘在中牟。衛侯將如五氏，卜過之，龜焦。衛侯曰：“可也。衛車當其半，寡人當其半，敵矣。”乃過中牟。中牟人慾伐之，衛褚師圃亡在中牟，曰：“衛雖小，其君在焉，未可勝也。齊師克城而驕，其帥又賤，遇，必敗之。不如從齊。”乃伐齊師，敗之。齊侯致禚、媚、杏於衛。齊侯賞犁彌，犁彌辭，曰：“有先登者，臣從之，皙幘而衣狸制。”公使視東郭書，曰：“乃夫子也，吾貺子。”公賞東郭書，辭，曰：“彼，賓旅也。”乃賞犁彌。

The Jin had a thousand chariots at Zhongmu. The Marquis of Wei was about to go to Wushi and divined about passing there, and the tortoise shell was scorched. The Marquis of Wei said: "It will do. Wei's chariots can match half of theirs and I match the other half, and so it is equal." So he passed Zhongmu. The people of Zhongmu wished to attack him, but Chu Shipu of Wei, who had fled and was in Zhongmu, said: "Although Wei is small, its ruler is there and cannot yet be defeated. The Qi army has conquered cities and is arrogant, and its commander is lowly; if we meet them, we shall certainly defeat them. It is better to follow Qi." So they attacked the Qi army and defeated them. The Marquis of Qi gave Zhuo, Mei and Xing to Wei. The Marquis of Qi rewarded Li Mi, but Li Mi declined, saying: "There was a man who was first to climb the wall, and your servant followed him, wearing a white head-cloth and clothes made of fox fur." The duke sent someone to look at Dongguo Shu, and said: "It is that gentleman; I reward you." The duke rewarded Dongguo Shu, who declined, saying: "He was a guest." So he rewarded Li Mi.

齊師之在夷儀也，齊侯謂夷儀人曰：“得敝無存者，以五家免。”乃得其屍。

When the Qi army was at Yiyi, the Marquis of Qi said to the people of Yiyi: "Whoever gets Bi Wucun, I will exempt five households from taxes and service." So they found his corpse.

公三襚之。與之犀軒與直蓋，而先歸之。坐引者，以師哭之，親推之三。

The duke put clothes on him three times, gave him a rhinoceros-hide carriage and a straight canopy, and sent it back first. He had the chariot pullers kneel, wept for him with the army, and himself pushed the carriage three times.

【經】十年春王三月，乃齊平。夏，公會齊侯於夾谷。公至自夾谷。晉趙鞅帥師圍衛。齊人來歸鄆、讙、龜陰田。叔孫州仇、仲孫何忌帥師圍郈。秋，叔孫州仇、仲孫何忌帥師圍郈。宋樂大心出奔曹。宋公子地出奔陳。冬，齊侯、衛侯、鄭遊速會於安甫。叔孫州仇如齊。宋公之弟辰暨仲佗、石彄出奔陳。

[Classic] In the tenth year, in spring, in the third month of the Zhou calendar, peace was made with Qi. In summer, the duke met the Marquis of Qi at Jiagu. The duke returned from Jiagu. Zhao Yang of Jin led an army to besiege Wei. The people of Qi came to return the fields of Yun, Huan and Guiyin. Shusun Zhouchou and Zhongsun Heji led an army to besiege Hou. In autumn, Shusun Zhouchou and Zhongsun Heji led an army to besiege Hou. Yue Daxin of Song fled to Cao. Gongzi Di of Song fled to Chen. In winter, the Marquis of Qi, the Marquis of Wei and You Su of Zheng met at Anfu. Shusun Zhouchou went to Qi. The younger brother of the Duke of Song, Chen, with Zhong Tuo and Shi Kou, fled to Chen.

【傳】十年春，及齊平。

[Commentary] In the tenth year, in spring, peace was made with Qi.

夏，公會齊侯於祝其，實夾谷。孔丘相。犁彌言於齊侯曰：“孔丘知禮而無勇，若使萊人以兵劫魯侯，必得志焉。”齊侯從之。孔丘以公退，曰：“士，兵之！兩君合好，而裔夷之俘以兵亂之，非齊君所以命諸侯也。裔不謀夏，夷不亂華，俘不幹盟，兵不逼好。於神為不祥，於德為愆義，於人為失禮，君必不然。”

In summer, the duke met the Marquis of Qi at Zhuqi, which is in fact Jiagu. Kong Qiu served as master of ceremonies. Li Mi said to the Marquis of Qi: "Kong Qiu knows ritual but has no courage; if you send the Lai people to seize the Marquis of Lu with weapons, you will certainly achieve your aim." The Marquis of Qi agreed. Kong Qiu withdrew with the duke, saying: "Soldiers, take up your weapons! The rulers of two states are making friendship, yet barbarian captives are disturbing it with weapons; this is not how the ruler of Qi gives orders to the feudal lords. Remote barbarians do not plot against the Chinese states, eastern barbarians do not disturb Hua, captives do not offend covenants, and weapons do not force friendship. To the spirits this is inauspicious, to virtue it is contrary to righteousness, and to people it is a loss of ritual; the ruler certainly will not do this."

齊侯聞之，遽闢之。

The Marquis of Qi heard it and immediately had them withdraw.

將盟，齊人加於載書曰：“齊師出竟，而不以甲車三百乘從我者，有如此盟。”

When they were about to make the covenant, the people of Qi added to the covenant text: "If the Qi army goes out beyond the border and Lu does not follow with three hundred armored chariots, may this covenant be so."

孔丘使茲無還揖對曰：“而不反我汶陽之田，吾以共命者，亦如之。”齊侯將享公，孔丘謂梁丘據曰：“齊、魯之故，吾子何不聞焉？事既成矣，而又享之，是勤執事也。且犠象不出門，嘉樂不野合。饗而既具，是棄禮也。若其不具，用秕稗也。用秕稗，君辱，棄禮，名惡，子盍圖之？夫享，所以昭德也。不昭，不如其已也。”乃不果享。

Kong Qiu had Zi Wuhuan bow and reply: "If you do not return our fields of Wenyang, which we use to supply your commands, may it also be like this." The Marquis of Qi was about to feast the duke, and Kong Qiu said to Liangqiu Ju: "The old practice of Qi and Lu, why have you not heard of it? The affair has been completed, and to feast again would make the officials toil. Moreover the sacrificial vessels in animal shapes do not go out of the gate, and fine music is not played together in the open fields. If the feast has vessels all complete, it abandons ritual; if they are not complete, it is using chaff. To use chaff would disgrace the ruler; to abandon ritual would give a bad name. Why do you not consider this? A feast is used to make virtue bright. If it cannot make it bright, it is better to stop." So in the end no feast was held.

齊人來歸鄆、歡、龜陰之田。

The people of Qi came to return the fields of Yun, Huan and Guiyin.

晉趙鞅圍衛，報夷儀也。

Zhao Yang of Jin besieged Wei, to avenge Yiyi.

初，衛侯伐邯鄲午於寒氏，城其西北而守之，宵熸。及晉圍衛，午以徒七十人門於衛西門，殺人於門中，曰：“請報寒氏之役。”涉佗曰：“夫子則勇矣，然我往，必不敢啟門。”亦以徒七十人，旦門焉，步左右，皆至而立，如植。日中不啟門，乃退。反役，晉人討衛之叛故，曰：“由涉佗、成何。”於是執涉佗以求成於衛。衛人不許，晉人遂殺涉佗。成何奔燕。君子曰：“此之謂棄禮，必不鈞。《詩》曰：‘人而無禮，胡不遄死。’涉佗亦遄矣哉！”初，叔孫成子欲立武叔，公若藐固諫曰：“不可。”成子立之而卒。公南使賊射之，不能殺。公南為馬正，使公若為郈宰。武叔既定，使郈馬正侯犯殺公若，不能。其圉人曰：“吾以劍過朝，公若必曰：‘誰也劍也？’吾稱子以告，必觀之。吾偽固，而授之末，則可殺也。”使如之，公若曰：“爾欲吳王我乎？”遂殺公若。侯犯以郈叛，武叔懿子圍郈，弗克。

In the beginning, the Marquis of Wei attacked Handan Wu at Hanshi and built a wall in the northwest of it to defend, but it collapsed overnight. When Jin besieged Wei, Wu led seventy followers to attack the west gate of Wei and killed a man in the gateway, saying: "I ask to avenge the battle at Hanshi." She Tuo said: "That gentleman may be called brave, but if I go, they surely will not dare open the gate." He too led seventy followers and attacked the gate in the morning; they went to the left and right sides and all arrived and stood like planted trees. By noon the gate had not opened, and so he withdrew. When the campaign returned, the men of Jin investigated the reason for Wei's rebellion and said: "It is because of She Tuo and Cheng He." So they seized She Tuo and asked Wei for peace. The men of Wei did not agree, and the men of Jin killed She Tuo. Cheng He fled to Yan. The gentleman said: "This is called abandoning ritual, and it cannot be treated equally. The Odes say: 'A man without ritual, why not hasten to die!' She Tuo was quick enough!" In the beginning, Shusun Chengzi wished to set up Wushu, and Gongruo Miao firmly remonstrated, saying: "It will not do." Chengzi set him up and then died. Gongnan sent an assassin to shoot him but could not kill him. Gongnan was the Master of the Horse, and made Gongruo the steward of Hou. After Wushu was settled, he sent Hou Fan, the Master of the Horse of Hou, to kill Gongruo, but he could not. His groom said: "I will carry a sword and pass through the court; Gongruo will surely say: 'Whose sword is that?' I will tell him your name, and he will surely look at it. I will pretend to be clumsy and hand him the point, and then I can kill him." He had him do as he said, and Gongruo said: "Do you want to treat me as the King of Wu?" Then he killed Gongruo. Hou Fan rebelled with Hou, and Wushu and Yizi besieged Hou but did not take it.

秋，二子及齊師復圍郈，弗克。叔孫謂郈工師駟赤曰：“郈非唯叔孫氏之憂，社稷之患也。將若之何？”對曰：“臣之業，在《揚水》卒章之四言矣。”

In autumn, the two again besieged Hou together with the army of Qi, but did not take it. Shusun said to Si Chi, the master craftsman of Hou: "Hou is not only a worry for the Shusun clan but a calamity for the altars of the state. What shall we do?" He replied: "My duty lies in four characters in the last stanza of the Yang Shui."

叔孫稽首。駟赤謂侯犯曰：“居齊、魯之際，而無事，必不可矣。子盍求事於齊以臨民？不然，將叛。”侯犯從之。齊使至，駟赤與郈人為之宣言於郈中曰：“侯犯將以郈易於齊，齊人將遷郈民。”眾兇懼。駟赤謂侯犯曰：“眾言異矣。子不如易於齊，與其死也。猶是郈也，而得紓焉，何必此？齊人慾以此逼魯，必倍與子地。且盍多舍甲於子之門，以備不虞？”侯犯曰：“諾。”乃多舍甲焉。侯犯請易於齊，齊有司觀郈，將至。駟赤使周走呼曰：“齊師至矣！”郈人大駭，介侯犯之門甲，以圍侯犯。駟赤將射之。侯犯止之，曰：“謀免我。”

Shusun kowtowed. Si Chi said to Hou Fan: "Placed between Qi and Lu, and not serving either, you surely will not do. Why not ask to serve Qi, who would come to govern the people? Otherwise you will rebel." Hou Fan followed this. When the envoys of Qi arrived, Si Chi and the men of Hou spread word in Hou: "Hou Fan will exchange Hou with Qi, and the men of Qi will move the people of Hou away." The crowd was in uproar and fear. Si Chi said to Hou Fan: "The words of the crowd are already different. You had better exchange with Qi, which is better than dying. It is the same Hou, but you can have relief; why hold on here? The men of Qi want to use this to pressure Lu, and will surely give you double the land. Moreover, why not put more armor inside your gate, to guard against surprises?" Hou Fan said: "Good." And so he put more armor there. Hou Fan asked to exchange with Qi, and Qi's officials came to look at Hou and were about to arrive. Si Chi had people run about shouting: "The army of Qi has arrived!" The men of Hou were greatly alarmed, put on the armor inside Hou Fan's gate, and besieged Hou Fan. Si Chi was about to shoot them. Hou Fan stopped him and said: "Plan a way for me to get out."

侯犯請行，許之。駟赤先如宿，侯犯殿。每出一門，郈人閉之。及郭門，止之，曰：“子以叔孫氏之甲出，有司若誅之，群臣懼死。”駟赤曰：“叔孫氏之甲有物，吾未敢以出。”犯謂駟赤曰：“子止而與之數。”駟赤止，而納魯人。侯犯奔齊，齊人乃致郈。

Hou Fan asked to leave, and it was allowed. Si Chi went first to Su, and Hou Fan took the rear. At each gate he went out, the men of Hou closed it. When he reached the outer gate, they stopped him and said: "You are taking out the Shusun clan's armor; if the officials ask, we ministers fear death." Si Chi said: "The Shusun clan's armor has marks; I dare not take it out." Fan said to Si Chi: "You stay and count it with them." Si Chi stayed and let in the men of Lu. Hou Fan fled to Qi, and the men of Qi then returned Hou.

宋公子地嬖蘧富獵，十一分其室，而以其五與之。公子地有白馬四。公嬖向魋，魋欲之，公取而朱其尾鬛以與之。地怒，使其徒抶魋而奪之。魋懼，將走。

Gongzi Di of Song favored Qu Fulie and divided his property into eleven parts, giving him five. Gongzi Di had four white horses. The Duke favored Xiang Tui, and Tui wanted them; the Duke took them and dyed the tails and manes red and gave them to him. Di was angry and sent his followers to flog Tui and take the horses back. Tui was afraid and was about to flee.

公閉門而泣之，目盡腫。母弟辰曰：“子分室以與獵也，而獨卑魋，亦有頗焉。

The Duke closed the gate and wept for him until his eyes were swollen. His younger brother of the same mother, Chen, said: "You divided your property for Lie, yet you alone look down on Tui, and that too is partial.

子為君禮，不過出竟，君必止子。”公子地奔陳，公弗止。辰為之請，弗聽。辰曰：“是我吾兄也。吾以國人出，君誰與處？”冬，母弟辰暨仲佗、石彄出奔陳。

You observe ritual toward the ruler, but if you only go beyond the border, the ruler will surely stop you." Gongzi Di fled to Chen, and the Duke did not stop him. Chen asked on his behalf, but was not heard. Chen said: "It is I who have harmed my elder brother. If I lead the people of the state out, with whom will the ruler stay?" In winter, his younger brother of the same mother, Chen, with Zhong Tuo and Shi Kou, fled to Chen.

武叔聘於齊，齊侯享之，曰：“子叔孫！若使郈在君之他竟，寡人何知焉？屬與敝邑際，故敢助君憂之。”對曰：“非寡君之望也。所以事君，封疆社稷是以。敢以家隸勤君之執事？夫不令之臣，天下之所惡也。君豈以為寡君賜？”

Wushu went to Qi on a courtesy visit, and the Marquis of Qi gave him a banquet and said: "Zi Shusun! If Hou had been on another border of your ruler, how would I have known? It was only because it borders my humble state that I dared help share my lord's worry." He replied: "This is not what my ruler hoped for. We serve the ruler for the sake of the borders and altars of the state. Would we dare use a household retainer to make the ruler's officials toil? A bad minister is hated by all under Heaven. How could my lord count it a favor to my ruler?"

【經】十有一年春，宋公之弟辰及仲佗、石彄、公子地自陳入於蕭以叛。

[Classic] In the eleventh year, spring, Chen, younger brother of the Duke of Song, and Zhong Tuo, Shi Kou and Gongzi Di, entered Xiao from Chen and rebelled.

夏四月。秋，宋樂大心自曹入於蕭。冬，及鄭平。叔還如鄭蒞盟。

In summer, the fourth month. In autumn, Yue Daxin of Song entered Xiao from Cao. In winter, peace was made with Zheng. Shu Huan went to Zheng to take part in the covenant.

【傳】十一年春，宋公母弟辰暨仲佗、石彄、公子地入於蕭以叛。秋，樂大心從之，大為宋患，寵向魋故也。

[Commentary] In the eleventh year, spring, the Duke of Song's younger brother of the same mother, Chen, with Zhong Tuo, Shi Kou and Gongzi Di, entered Xiao and rebelled. In autumn, Yue Daxin followed them, and greatly became a calamity for Song, because of the favor shown to Xiang Tui.

冬，及鄭平，始叛晉也。

In winter, peace was made with Zheng, and they began to turn against Jin.

【經】十有二年春，薛伯定卒。夏，葬薛襄公。叔孫州仇帥師墮郈。衛公孟彄帥師伐曹。季孫斯、仲孫何忌帥師墮費。秋，大雩。冬十月癸亥，公會齊侯盟於黃。十有一月丙寅朔，日有食之。公至自黃。十有二月，公圍成。公至自圍成。

[Classic] In the twelfth year, spring, Ding, Earl of Xue, died. In summer, Duke Xiang of Xue was buried. Shusun Zhouchou led troops and tore down Hou. Gongmeng Kou of Wei led troops and attacked Cao. Jisun Si and Zhongsun Heji led troops and tore down Fei. In autumn, the great rain sacrifice was held. In winter, on the guihai day of the tenth month, the Duke met the Marquis of Qi at Huang and made a covenant. On the bingyin first day of the eleventh month, there was a solar eclipse. The Duke returned from Huang. In the twelfth month, the Duke besieged Cheng. The Duke returned from besieging Cheng.

【傳】十二年夏，衛公孟彄伐曹，克郊。還，滑羅殿。未出，不退於列。

[Commentary] In the twelfth year, summer, Gongmeng Kou of Wei attacked Cao and took Jiao. On returning, Hua Luo took the rear guard. Before leaving the border, he did not drop back from the ranks to the rear.

其御曰：“殿而在列，其為無勇乎？”羅曰：“與其素厲，寧為無勇。”

His driver said: "The rear guard but in the ranks; perhaps you lack courage?" Luo said: "Rather than have empty fierceness, I would prefer to be thought to lack courage."

仲由為季氏宰，將墮三都，於是叔孫氏墮郈。季氏將墮費，公山不狃、叔孫輒帥費人以襲魯。公與三子入於季氏之宮，登武子之臺。費人攻之，弗克。入及公側。仲尼命申句須、樂頎下，伐之，費人北。國人追之，敗諸姑蔑。二子奔齊，遂墮費。將墮成，公斂處父謂孟孫：“墮成，齊人必至於北門。且成，孟氏之保障也，無成，是無孟氏也。子偽不知，我將不墮。”

Zhong You served as steward of the Ji clan and was about to tear down the three strongholds, and so the Shusun clan tore down Hou. When the Ji clan was about to tear down Fei, Gongshan Furao and Shusun Zhe led the men of Fei to attack Lu. The Duke and the three clans entered the Ji clan's palace and climbed the terrace of Wuzi. The men of Fei attacked and did not take it. They came up beside the Duke. Zhongni (Confucius) ordered Shen Juxu and Yue Qi to go down and attack them, and the men of Fei were defeated and fled. The people of the state pursued them and defeated them at Gumie. The two fled to Qi, and Fei was torn down. When Cheng was about to be torn down, Gongliancho Fu said to Meng Sun: "If Cheng is torn down, the men of Qi will surely reach the north gate. Moreover, Cheng is the Meng clan's protection; without Cheng there is no Meng clan. You pretend not to know, and I will not tear it down."

冬十二月，公圍成，弗克。

In winter, in the twelfth month, the Duke besieged Cheng but did not take it.

【經】十有三年春，齊侯、衛侯次於垂葭。夏，築蛇淵囿。大蒐於比蒲。衛公孟彄帥師伐曹。晉趙鞅入於晉陽以叛。冬，晉荀寅、士吉射入於朝歌以叛。

[Classic] In the thirteenth year, spring, the Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei encamped at Chuijia. In summer, the Shechuan park was built. A great hunt was held at Bipu. Gongmeng Kou of Wei led troops and attacked Cao. Zhao Yang of Jin entered Jinyang and rebelled. In winter, Xun Yin and Shi Jishe of Jin entered Zhaoge and rebelled.

晉趙鞅歸於晉。薛弒其君比。

Zhao Yang of Jin returned to Jin. Xue murdered its ruler Bi.

【傳】十三年春，齊侯、衛侯次於垂葭，實郹氏。使師伐晉，將濟河。諸大夫皆曰：“不可。”邴意茲曰：“可。銳師伐河內，傳必數日而後及絳。絳不三月，不能出河，則我既濟水矣。”乃伐河內。齊侯皆斂諸大夫之軒，唯邴意茲乘軒。齊侯欲與衛侯乘，與之宴，而駕乘廣，載甲焉。使告曰：“晉師至矣！”齊侯曰：“比君之駕也，寡人請攝。”乃介而與之乘，驅之。或告曰：“無晉師。”

[Commentary] In the thirteenth year, spring, the Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei encamped at Chuijia, in fact at the Jue clan's place. They sent troops to attack Jin, and were about to cross the river. All the grandees said: "It will not do." Bing Yizi said: "It will. If we attack Henei with elite troops, the relay chariots will surely take several days to reach Jiang. Without three months Jiang cannot come out beyond the river, and by then we will have crossed." And so they attacked Henei. The Marquis of Qi collected all the grandees' light chariots, and only Bing Yizi rode in a light chariot. The Marquis of Qi wished to ride together with the Marquis of Wei, and feasted with him but had the royal chariot harnessed and armor loaded. He sent someone to report: "The army of Jin has arrived!" The Marquis of Qi said: "When my lord's chariot is ready, please let me hold the reins for you." So he put on armor and rode with him, driving at speed. Someone reported: "There is no army of Jin."

乃止。

So it stopped.

晉趙鞅謂邯鄲午曰：“歸我衛貢五百家，吾舍諸晉陽。”午許諾。歸，告其父兄，父兄皆曰：“不可。衛是以為邯鄲，而置諸晉陽，絕衛之道也。不如侵齊而謀之。”乃如之，而歸之於晉陽。趙孟怒，召午，而囚諸晉陽。使其從者說劍而入，涉賓不可。乃使告邯鄲人曰：“吾私有討於午也，二三子唯所欲立。”遂殺午。趙稷、涉賓以邯鄲叛。夏六月，上軍司馬籍秦圍邯鄲。邯鄲午，荀寅之甥也；荀寅，範吉射之姻也，而相與睦。故不與圍邯鄲，將作亂。董安於聞之，告趙孟，曰：“先備諸？”趙孟曰：“晉國有命，始禍者死，為後可也。”安於曰：“與其害於民，寧我獨死，請以我說。”趙孟不可。秋七月，范氏、中行氏伐趙氏之宮，趙鞅奔晉陽。晉人圍之。範皋夷無寵於範吉射，而欲為亂於范氏。梁嬰父嬖於知文子，文子欲以為卿。韓簡子與中行文子相惡，魏襄子亦與範昭子相惡。

Zhao Yang of Jin said to Handan Wu: "Return to me the five hundred households Wei paid in tribute; I will settle them in Jinyang." Wu agreed. He went back and told his fathers and elder brothers, who all said: "It will not do. Wei values Handan because of this, and if you settle them in Jinyang you cut off Wei's road. Better to raid Qi first and then plan." So they did so, and sent the people to Jinyang. Zhao Meng was angry, summoned Wu, and imprisoned him in Jinyang. He had his attendants take off their swords and enter, but She Bin did not agree. So he sent someone to tell the men of Handan: "I am punishing Wu in private; you gentlemen may set up whomever you wish." And so he killed Wu. Zhao Ji and She Bin rebelled with Handan. In summer, in the sixth month, Ji Qin, Marshal of the Upper Army, besieged Handan. Handan Wu was a nephew of Xun Yin; Xun Yin was related by marriage to Fan Jishe, and they were on friendly terms. So they did not take part in besieging Handan, and were about to cause disorder. Dong Anyu heard of it and told Zhao Meng, saying: "Shall we prepare first?" Zhao Meng said: "Jin has an order that the one who starts the disorder is put to death; let me be the one who starts later." Anyu said: "Rather than harm the people, I would rather die alone; please use me to explain." Zhao Meng did not agree. In autumn, in the seventh month, the Fan clan and the Zhonghang clan attacked the Zhao clan's palace, and Zhao Yang fled to Jinyang. The men of Jin besieged him. Fan Gaoyi had no favor with Fan Jishe and wished to cause disorder in the Fan clan. Liang Yingfu was favored by Zhi Wenzi, and Wenzi wished him to become a minister. Han Jianzi and Zhonghang Wenzi hated each other, and Wei Xiangzi and Fan Zhaozi also hated each other.

故五子謀，將逐荀寅而以梁嬰父代之，逐範吉射而以範皋夷代之。荀躒言於晉侯曰：“君命大臣，始禍者死，載書在河。今三臣始禍，而獨逐鞅，刑已不鈞矣。

So the five men plotted to drive out Xun Yin and replace him with Liang Yingfu, and drive out Fan Jishe and replace him with Fan Gaoyi. Xun Yue said to the Marquis of Jin: "My lord ordered the great ministers that whoever starts the disorder will be put to death, and the written covenant was sunk in the river. Now three ministers have started the disorder, yet only Yang is driven out; the punishment is already unequal.

請皆逐之。”

I ask to drive them all out."

冬十一月，荀躒、韓不信、魏曼多奉公以伐范氏、中行氏，弗克。二子將伐公，齊高強曰：“三折肱知為良醫。唯伐君為不可，民弗與也。我以伐君在此矣。

In winter, in the eleventh month, Xun Yue, Han Buxin and Wei Manduo served the Duke and attacked the Fan and Zhonghang clans, but did not take them. The two were about to attack the Duke, and Gao Qiang of Qi said: "Only after breaking an arm three times does one know who is a good physician. Only attacking the ruler will not do; the people will not be attached. It is because we attacked the ruler that we are here.

三家未睦，可盡克也。克之，君將誰與？若先伐君，是使睦也。”弗聽，遂伐公。

The three houses are not yet in harmony, and we can defeat them all. If we defeat them, to whom will the ruler be attached? If we attack the ruler first, we will make them harmonious." They did not listen, and attacked the Duke.

國人助公，二子敗，從而伐之。丁未，荀寅、士吉射奔朝歌。

The people of the state helped the Duke, and the two were defeated, and they followed and attacked them. On the dingwei day, Xun Yin and Shi Jishe fled to Zhaoge.

韓、魏以趙氏為請。十二月辛未，趙鞅入於絳，盟於公宮。

Han and Wei asked on behalf of the Zhao clan. On the xinwei day of the twelfth month, Zhao Yang entered Jiang and made a covenant in the ducal palace.

初，衛公叔文子朝而請享靈公。退，見史鰍而告之。史鰍曰：“子必禍矣。

In the beginning, Gongshu Wenzi of Wei went to court and asked to give a banquet for Duke Ling. On withdrawing, he saw Shi Qiu and told him. Shi Qiu said: "You will surely have calamity.

子富而君貪，其及子乎！”文子曰：“然。吾不先告子，是吾罪也。君既許我矣，其若之何？”史鰍曰：“無害。子臣，可以免。富而能臣，必免於難，上下同之。

You are rich and the ruler is greedy; it will probably extend to you!" Wenzi said: "Yes. That I did not tell you first is my fault. The ruler has already permitted me; what shall I do?" Shi Qiu said: "No harm. If you keep to the way of a minister, you can escape. One who is rich and can keep to the way of a minister will surely escape calamity, high and low alike.