Duke Zhao (First to Thirty-second Year)

晉荀寅求貨於蔡侯，弗得。言於範獻子曰：“國家方危，諸侯方貳，將以襲敵，不亦難乎！水潦方降，疾瘧方起，中山不服，棄盟取怨，無損於楚，而失中山，不如辭蔡侯。吾自方城以來，楚未可以得志，只取勤焉。”乃辭蔡侯。

Xun Yin of Jin asked the Marquis of Cai for wealth and did not get it. He said to Fan Xianzi: "The state is in danger, and the lords have divided hearts; to go and attack the enemy would be very hard! The rains are falling, malaria is rising, Zhongshan has not submitted, and abandoning the covenant brings resentment. It would do Chu no harm and would lose us Zhongshan; it is better to decline the Marquis of Cai. Since Fangcheng we have not yet been able to achieve our aim against Chu, and will only get toil." So he declined the Marquis of Cai.

晉人假羽旄於鄭，鄭人與之。明日，或旆以會。晉於是乎失諸侯。將會，衛子行敬子言於靈公曰：“會同難，嘖有煩言，莫之治也。其使祝佗從！”公曰：“善。”乃使子魚。子魚辭，曰：“臣展四體，以率舊職，猶懼不給而煩刑書，若又共二，徼大罪也。且夫祝，社稷之常隸也。社稷不動，祝不出竟，官之制也。

The people of Jin borrowed feather banners from Zheng, and the people of Zheng gave them. The next day, someone made the feather banners into pennants and attended the meeting. From then on Jin lost the lords. When the meeting was about to be held, Zixing Jingzi of Wei said to Duke Ling: "Meetings are difficult; disputes bring complicated words, and no one can manage them. Better to have Zhu Tuo go along!" The duke said: "Good." So he sent Ziyu. Ziyu declined, saying: "Your servant is stretching his limbs to carry out his old duties and still fears he cannot supply them and will offend against the penal code; if I held two offices at the same time, I would be seeking a great crime. Moreover, the invocator is the fixed retainer of the altars of state. When the altars of state do not move, the invocator does not leave the borders; this is the institution of the office."

君以軍行，祓社釁鼓，祝奉以從，於是乎出竟。若嘉好之事，君行師從，卿行旅從，臣無事焉。”公曰：“行也。”及皋鼬，將長蔡於衛。衛侯使祝佗私於萇弘曰：“聞諸道路，不知信否。若聞蔡將先衛，信乎？”萇弘曰：“信。蔡叔，康叔之兄也，先衛，不亦可乎？”子魚曰：“以先王觀之，則尚德也。昔武王克商，成王定之，選建明德，以蕃屏周。故周公相王室，以尹天下，於周為睦。分魯公以大路，大旂，夏后氏之璜，封父之繁弱，殷民六族，條氏、徐氏、蕭氏、索氏、長勺氏、尾勺氏。使帥其宗氏，輯其分族，將其類醜，以法則周公，用即命於周。

When the ruler goes out with the army, the altar is purified, the drum is smeared with blood, and the invocator follows carrying the ritual items; only then does he leave the border. If it is a matter of good fellowship, the ruler goes and the army follows; the ministers go and the troops follow; the subjects have nothing to do." The duke said: "Go." They arrived at Gaoyou, and were about to put Cai ahead of Wei. The Marquis of Wei sent Zhu Tuo to say privately to Chang Hong: "I heard on the road, and do not know if it is true. If it is said that Cai will be placed before Wei, is it true?" Chang Hong said: "It is true. Cai Shu was the elder brother of Kang Shu, so placing him before Wei is surely acceptable?" Zi Yu said: "Judging by the former kings, they honored virtue. In the past, when King Wu conquered Shang and King Cheng pacified it, they selected and established those with bright virtue to serve as a screen for Zhou. Therefore the Duke of Zhou assisted the royal house and governed the world, bringing harmony within Zhou. He gave the Duke of Lu the great carriage, the great banner, the jade huang of the Xia clan, the Fanruo bow of Fufeng, and six clans of Yin people: the Tiao, Xu, Xiao, Suo, Changshao and Weishao clans. He had them lead their clan lords, gather their branch clans, and lead the groups of their own kind, to take the Duke of Zhou as a model, and so receive their command in Zhou.

是使之職事於魯，以昭周公之明德。分之土田陪敦，祝、宗、卜、史，備物、典策，官司、彝器。因商奄之民，命以伯禽，而封於少皞之虛。分康叔以大路、少帛、綪茷、旃旌、大呂，殷民七族，陶氏、施氏、繁氏、錡氏、樊氏、飢氏、終葵氏；封畛土略，自武父以南，及圃田之北竟，取於有閻之土，以共王職。

This was to have him take up duties in Lu and thus make bright the bright virtue of the Duke of Zhou. He gave him fields and dependents, invocators, clan officials, diviners and scribes, prepared utensils, documents and records, officials, and ritual vessels. Relying on the people of Shangyan, named after Bo Qin, he was enfeoffed in the ruins of Shaohao. He gave Kang Shu the great carriage, the minor silk, the banners and flags, the great Lu pitch pipe, and seven clans of Yin people: the Tao, Shi, Fan, Qi, Fan, Ji and Zhongkui clans; the borders and boundaries ran from Wufu southward to the northern boundary of Putian, taking the land of Youyan, to supply the king's duties.

取於相土之東都，以會王之東蒐。聃季授土，陶叔授民，命以《康誥》，而封於殷虛。皆啟以商政，疆以周索。分唐叔以大路，密須之鼓，闕鞏，沽洗，懷姓九宗，職官五正。命以《唐誥》，而封於夏虛，啟以夏政，疆以戎索。三者皆叔也，而有令德，故昭之以分物。不然，文、武、成、康之伯猶多，而不獲是分也，唯不尚年也。管蔡啟商，惎間王室。王於是乎殺管叔而蔡蔡叔，以車七乘，徒七十人。其子蔡仲，改行帥德，周公舉之，以為己卿士。見諸王而命之以蔡，其命書云：‘王曰：胡！無若爾考之違王命也。’若之何其使蔡先衛也？武王之母弟八人，周公為大宰，康叔為司寇，聃季為司空，五叔無官，豈尚年哉！曹，文之昭也；晉，武之穆也。曹為伯甸，非尚年也。今將尚之，是反先王也。晉文公為踐土之盟，衛成公不在，夷叔，其母弟也，猶先蔡。其載書云：‘王若曰，晉重、魯申、衛武、蔡甲午、鄭捷、齊潘、宋王臣、莒期。’藏在周府，可覆視也。吾子欲覆文、武之略，而不正其德，將如之何？”萇弘說，告劉子，與範獻子謀之，乃長衛侯於盟。

He took the eastern capital of Xiangtu to meet the king's eastern tour. Dan Ji handed over the land and Tao Shu handed over the people, and he was named by the Announcement to Kang, enfeoffed in the ruins of Yin. All were opened up with Shang's government and demarcated with Zhou's law. He gave Tang Shu the great carriage, the drum of Mixu, the Queque bow and the Gu Xian pipe, nine clans of the Huai surname, and five chief officials. He was named by the Announcement to Tang, enfeoffed in the ruins of Xia, opened up with Xia's government and demarcated with the law of the Rong. These three were all younger brothers yet had good virtue, and so were made bright with the things that were bestowed. Otherwise, the elder brothers of Wen, Wu, Cheng and Kang were still many, yet they did not receive such bestowals, simply because age was not honored. Guan and Cai opened the way for Shang and plotted to sow discord in the royal house. The king then killed Guan Shu and banished Cai Shu, giving him seven chariots and seventy followers. His son Cai Zhong changed his conduct to follow virtue, and the Duke of Zhou promoted him to be his own minister. He led him to see the king and appointed him over Cai, and the written command said: 'The king says: Hu! Do not be like your father in disobeying the king's command.' How can Cai be placed ahead of Wei? King Wu had eight brothers born of the same mother; the Duke of Zhou was Grand Steward, Kang Shu was Minister of Crime, Dan Ji was Minister of Works, and the five other younger brothers had no office; how is age honored in that! Cao was in the zhao line of Wen, and Jin in the mu line of Wu. Cao served as a Bo Dian, and age was not honored. Now if one wishes to honor age, one goes against the former kings. When Duke Wen of Jin made the covenant of Jianto, Duke Cheng of Wei was not present, and Yi Shu was his younger brother by the same mother, yet he was placed ahead of Cai. The covenant text said: 'The king speaks thus: Chong of Jin, Shen of Lu, Wu of Wei, Jiawu of Cai, Jie of Zheng, Pan of Qi, Wangchen of Song, Qi of Ju.' It is stored in the treasury of Zhou and can be consulted again. You wish to restore the policies of Wen and Wu, but do not rectify that virtue; what will you do?" Chang Hong was pleased, told Liu Zi, consulted with Fan Xianzi, and so at the meeting placed the Marquis of Wei first.

反自召陵，鄭子大叔未至而卒。晉趙簡子為之臨，甚哀，曰：“黃父之會，夫子語我九言，曰：‘無始亂，無怙富，無恃寵，無違同，無敖禮，無驕能，無復怒，無謀非德，無犯非義。’”沈人不會於召陵，晉人使蔡伐之。夏，蔡滅沈。

Returning from Zhaoling, Zi Da Shu of Zheng died before arriving. Zhao Jianzi of Jin wept for him at the mourning, very sorrowfully, and said: "At the meeting at Huangfu, the gentleman told me nine sentences, saying: 'Do not start disorder, do not rely on wealth, do not rely on favor, do not violate unity of mind, do not look down on ritual, do not be arrogant because of ability, do not add anger on anger, do not plan what does not accord with virtue, and do not commit what does not accord with righteousness.'" The people of Shen did not attend the meeting at Zhaoling, and the people of Jin had Cai attack them. In summer, Cai destroyed Shen.

秋，楚為沈故，圍蔡。伍員為吳行人以謀楚。楚之殺郤宛也，伯氏之族出。

In autumn, Chu besieged Cai because of Shen. Wu Yuan served as Wu's envoy and planned against Chu. When Chu killed Xi Wan, the Bo clan's members escaped.

伯州犁之孫嚭為吳大宰以謀楚。楚自昭王即位，無歲不有吳師。蔡侯因之，以其子乾與其大夫之子為質於吳。

Bo Zhouli's grandson Pi served as Wu's Grand Steward and planned against Chu. Since King Zhao took the throne in Chu, there had not been a year without a Wu army. The Marquis of Cai, relying on this, sent his son Qian and the sons of high officials as hostages to Wu.

冬，蔡侯、吳子、唐侯伐楚。舍舟於淮汭，自豫章與楚夾漢。左司馬戌謂子常曰：“子沿漢而與之上下，我悉方城外以毀其舟，還塞大隧、直轅、冥厄，子濟漢而伐之，我自後擊之，必大敗之。”既謀而行。武城黑謂子常曰：“吳用木也，我用革也，不可久也。不如速戰。”史皇謂子常：“楚人惡子而好司馬，若司馬毀吳舟於淮，塞城口而入，是獨克吳也。子必速戰，不然不免。”乃濟漢而陳，自小別至於大別。三戰，子常知不可，欲奔。史皇曰：“安求其事，難而逃之，將何所入？子必死之，初罪必盡說。”

In winter, the Marquis of Cai, the Viscount of Wu and the Marquis of Tang attacked Chu. They left their boats at Huairui and went from Yuzhang facing Chu across the Han River. The Left Minister of War Xu said to Zi Chang: "You go along the Han River and circle with them upstream and downstream, and I shall muster all the troops from beyond Fangcheng to destroy their boats, then come back and block Dasui, Zhiyuan and Mingai; you cross the Han River to attack, and I shall strike from behind, and we are certain to defeat them badly." Having planned, they set out. Wucheng Hei said to Zi Chang: "Wu uses wood and we use leather, so we cannot last long. It is better to fight quickly." Shi Huang said to Zi Chang: "The people of Chu hate you and like the Minister of War; if the Minister of War destroys Wu's boats at the Huai River and blocks the city passes and comes in, he alone will have defeated Wu. You must fight quickly, otherwise you cannot escape." So they crossed the Han River and formed ranks, from Xiaobie to Dabie. They fought three battles, and Zi Chang knew it would not work and wished to flee. Shi Huang said: "In times of peace you seek that government, but in danger you flee; where will you enter? You must fight to the death for this, and your earlier offense can surely be fully cleared."

十一月庚午，二師陳於柏舉。闔廬之弟夫概王，晨請於闔廬曰：“楚瓦不仁，其臣莫有死志，先伐之，其卒必奔。而後大師繼之，必克。”弗許。夫概王曰：“所謂‘臣義而行，不待命’者，其此之謂也。今日我死，楚可入也。”以其屬五千，先擊子常之卒。子常之卒奔，楚師亂，吳師大敗之。子常奔鄭。史皇以其乘廣死。吳從楚師，及清發，將擊之。夫王曰：“困獸猶鬥，況人乎？若知不免而致死，必敗我。若使先濟者知免，後者慕之，蔑有鬥心矣。半濟而後可擊也。”

In the eleventh month, on the day gengwu, the two armies formed ranks at Boju. Helu's younger brother, King Fugai, in the morning requested of Helu: "Nang Wa of Chu is not benevolent, and his men have no heart to fight to death; if we attack first, his soldiers will certainly flee. Then the main army follows and is certain to win." It was not allowed. King Fugai said: "What is called 'a minister acts according to righteousness and does not wait for orders' means this. Today I go to die, and Chu can then be entered." He led five thousand of his own men and first attacked Zi Chang's soldiers. Zi Chang's soldiers fled, the Chu army was thrown into confusion, and the Wu army greatly defeated them. Zi Chang fled to Zheng. Shi Huang died fighting in his war chariot. Wu pursued the Chu army and reached Qingfa, and was about to attack. King Fugai (the original has a damaged character here, which by the preceding text is "King Fugai") said: "A cornered beast will still fight, how much more so people? If they know they cannot escape and fight to the death, they will certainly defeat us. If we let those who cross first know they can escape, those behind will envy them and have no heart to fight. After half have crossed, then we can attack."

從之。又敗之。楚人為食，吳人及之，奔。食而從之，敗諸雍澨，五戰及郢。

They followed this and defeated them again. The people of Chu were cooking a meal when the men of Wu arrived, and the people of Chu fled. The men of Wu ate and then pursued, defeated them at Yongshi, and reached Ying after five battles.

己卯，楚子取其妹季羋畀我以出，涉睢。針尹固與王同舟，王使執燧象以奔吳師。

On the day jimao, the Viscount of Chu took his younger sister Ji Mi Biwo out and crossed the Sui River. Zhenyin Gu was in the same boat as the king, and the king had torches tied to the tails of elephants to rush toward the Wu army.

庚辰，吳入郢，以班處宮。子山處令尹之宮，夫王欲攻之，懼而去之，夫王入之。

On gengchen, Wu entered Ying and took up residence in the palaces according to rank. Zi Shan took up residence in the Prime Minister's palace, and King Fugai (the original has a damaged character here, which by the preceding text is "King Fugai") wished to attack him; Zi Shan was afraid and left, and King Fugai moved in.

左司馬戌及息而還，敗吳師於雍澨，傷。初，司馬臣闔廬，故恥為禽焉。謂其臣曰：“誰能免吾首？”吳句卑曰：“臣賤，可乎？”司馬曰：“我實失子，可哉！”三戰皆傷，曰：“吾不用也已。”句卑布裳，剄而裹之，藏其身而以其首免。楚子涉雎，濟江，入於雲中。王寢，盜攻之，以戈擊王。王孫由於以背受之。中肩。王奔鄖，鍾建負季羋以從，由於徐蘇而從。鄖公辛之弟懷將弒王，曰：“平王殺吾父，我殺其子，不亦可乎？”辛曰：“君討臣，誰敢仇之？君命，天也，若死天命，將誰仇？《詩》曰：‘柔亦不茹，剛亦不吐，不侮矜寡，不畏強禦。’唯仁者能之。違強陵弱，非勇也。乘人之約，非仁也。滅宗廢祀，非孝也。

The Left Minister of War Xu reached Xi and returned, defeated the Wu army at Yongshi, and was wounded. Earlier, the Minister of War had served as a minister of Helu, and so was ashamed to be captured. He said to his ministers: "Who can keep my head safe?" Wu Goubei said: "Your servant is lowly; is that acceptable?" The Minister of War said: "I truly have wronged you; yes, it is acceptable!" He was wounded in three battles and said: "I am done for." Goubei spread out his clothes, cut off the head and wrapped it, hid the body and escaped with the head. The Viscount of Chu crossed the Sui River, then crossed the Yangtze, and entered Yunzhong. The king was sleeping when robbers attacked him, striking at the king with a halberd. Wangsun Youyu shielded him with his back and was struck on the shoulder. The king fled to Yun, and Zhong Jian followed carrying Ji Mi on his back, and Youyu slowly came to and followed. The younger brother of Xin, the Duke of Yun, Huai, was about to kill the king, and said: "Ping killed my father, and I kill his son; is that not acceptable?" Xin said: "When a ruler punishes a subject, who dares bear hatred? The ruler's command is Heaven; if one dies by Heaven's command, whom shall one hate? The Ode says: 'The soft he does not swallow, the hard he does not spit out, he does not bully the widowed and lonely, he does not fear the strong and powerful.' Only the benevolent can do this. To avoid the strong and bully the weak is not courage. To take advantage of one in distress is not benevolence. To exterminate a clan and abolish its sacrifices is not filial piety.

動無令名，非知也。必犯是，餘將殺女。”鬥辛與其弟巢以王奔隨。吳人從之，謂隨人曰：“周之子孫在漢川者，楚實盡之。天誘其衷，致罰於楚，而君又竄之。

To act without a good name is not wisdom. If you insist on violating these, I will kill you." Dou Xin and his younger brother Chao took the king and fled to Sui. The men of Wu followed and said to the people of Sui: "The descendants of Zhou in the Han River region have in fact been wiped out by Chu. Heaven led its mind and imposed punishment on Chu, yet you, sir, hide him.

周室何罪？君若顧報周室，施及寡人，以獎天衷，君之惠也。漢陽之田，君實有之。”楚子在公宮之北，吳人在其南。子期似王，逃王，而己為王，曰：“以我與之，王必免。”隨人卜與之，不吉。乃辭吳曰：“以隨之闢小而密邇於楚，楚實存之，世有盟誓，至於今未改。若難而棄之，何以事君？執事之患，不唯一人。

What offense has the Zhou house committed? If you, sir, consider repaying the Zhou house, extending it to me, and so help to fulfill Heaven's will, that would be your kindness. The fields of Hanyang you, sir, truly hold." The Viscount of Chu was on the north side of the ducal palace, and the men of Wu on its south. Zi Qi looked like the king and had the king flee, himself pretending to be the king, saying: "Hand me over to them, and the king will surely escape." The people of Sui divined about handing him over, and it was not auspicious. So they declined Wu, saying: "Sui is remote, small and weak, and right next to Chu; Chu has in fact preserved it, and for generations there have been oaths, and until now nothing has changed. If we abandon him at the first danger, how could we serve you? The worry of Your Lordship's officials is not only this one man.

若鳩楚竟，敢不聽命。”吳人乃退。鑢金初宦於子期氏，實與隨人要言。王使見，辭，曰：“不敢以約為利。”王割子期之心，以與隨人盟。

If you pacify the borders of Chu, how dare we not obey?" The men of Wu then withdrew. Lu Jin had earlier served as an official in Zi Qi's household and had in fact made an agreement with the people of Sui. The king had him come in to see him, but he declined, saying: "I dare not take advantage of distress to gain profit." The king cut the blood from Zi Qi's chest to make a covenant with the people of Sui.

初，伍員與申包胥友。其亡也，謂申包胥曰：“我必復楚國。”申包胥曰：“勉之！子能復之，我必能興之。”及昭王在隨，申包胥如秦乞師，曰：“吳為封豕、長蛇，以薦食上國，虐始於楚。寡君失守社稷，越在草莽。使下臣告急，曰：‘夷德無厭，若鄰於君，疆埸之患也。逮吳之未定，君其取分焉。若楚之遂亡，君之土也。若以君靈撫之，世以事君。’”秦伯使辭焉，曰：“寡人聞命矣。

Earlier, Wu Yuan was friendly with Shen Baoxu. When he fled, he said to Shen Baoxu: "I shall certainly overturn Chu." Shen Baoxu said: "Do your best! If you can overturn it, I shall certainly be able to restore it." When King Zhao was in Sui, Shen Baoxu went to Qin to ask for troops, saying: "Wu is a great boar and a long snake, which keeps swallowing up the upper states, and its cruelty began with Chu. Our humble ruler has lost his altars and wanders in the wilds. He sent your servant to report the emergency, saying: 'The barbarians' appetite is insatiable, and if they become neighbors of Your Lordship, it will be a calamity on your borders. Before Wu has settled, you should go and take a share. If Chu is finally destroyed, it will be your land. If you use your majestic spirit to pacify it, it will serve you for generations.'" The Earl of Qin sent someone to decline, saying: "I have heard the request.

子姑就館，將圖而告。”對曰：“寡君越在草莽，未獲所伏。下臣何敢即安？”立，依於庭牆而哭，日夜不絕聲，勺飲不入口七日。秦哀公為之賦《無衣》，九頓首而坐，秦師乃出。

You may rest at the guesthouse for now, and after planning we shall inform you." He replied: "Our humble ruler is wandering in the wilds and has not yet found a place to rest. How would your servant dare settle in comfort?" He stood leaning on the courtyard wall and wept, his voice not ceasing day and night, and for seven days no soup or water passed his mouth. Duke Ai of Qin recited the ode Wuyi for him, and he kowtowed nine times and then sat down, and the Qin army set out.

【經】五年春王三月辛亥朔，日有食之。夏，歸粟於蔡。于越入吳。六月丙申，季孫意如卒。秋七月壬子，叔孫不敢卒。冬，晉士鞅帥師圍鮮虞。

[Classic] In the fifth year, in spring, in the third month of the Zhou calendar, on the new moon day xinhai, a solar eclipse occurred. In summer, millet was sent to Cai. Yue entered Wu. In the sixth month, on the day bingshen, Jisun Yiru died. In autumn, in the seventh month, on the day renzi, Shusun Bugan died. In winter, Shi Yang of Jin led an army to besiege Xianyu.

【傳】五年春，王人殺子朝於楚。

[Commentary] In the fifth year, in spring, the people of Zhou killed Zi Chao in Chu.

夏，歸粟於蔡，以周亟，矜無資。

In summer, millet was sent to Cai, to relieve urgent distress and pity those without resources.

越入吳，吳在楚也。

Yue entered Wu, because Wu was in Chu.

六月，季平子行東野，還，未至，丙申，卒於房。陽虎將以與璠斂，仲梁懷弗與，曰：“改步改玉。”陽虎欲逐之，告公山不狃。不狃曰：“彼為君也，子何怨焉？”既葬，桓子行東野，及費。子洩為費宰，逆勞於郊，桓子敬之。勞仲梁懷，仲梁懷弗敬。子洩怒，謂陽虎：“子行之乎？”申包胥以秦師至，秦子蒲、子虎帥車五百乘以救楚。子蒲曰：“吾未知吳道。”

In the sixth month, Ji Pingzi toured the eastern country and on returning, before he arrived, on the day bingshen, he died at Fang. Yang Hu was about to use the Yu-Fan jade for burial (the original text writes "Yu-Fan" differently), but Zhongliang Huai would not give it, saying: "When the stride changes, the jade must also change." Yang Hu wished to drive him out and told Gongshan Buniu. Buniu said: "He did it for the ruler; what grudge have you?" After the burial, Huanzi toured the eastern country and reached Fei. Zi Xie, steward of Fei, welcomed and comforted him in the suburbs, and Huanzi respected him. He comforted Zhongliang Huai, and Zhongliang Huai was disrespectful. Zi Xie was angered and said to Yang Hu: "Will you act?" Shen Baoxu arrived with the Qin army; Zi Pu and Zi Hu of Qin led five hundred chariots to relieve Chu. Zi Pu said: "I do not yet know Wu's way of fighting."

使楚人先與吳人戰，而自稷會之，大敗夫王於沂。吳人獲薳射於柏舉，其子帥奔徒以從子西，敗吳師于軍祥。秋七月，子期、子蒲滅唐。

He had the people of Chu fight Wu first, and himself joined from Ji, and at Yi greatly defeated King Fugai (the original has a damaged character here, which by the preceding text is "King Fugai"). The men of Wu captured Wei She at Boju, and his son led the fleeing troops and followed Zi Xi, and defeated the Wu army at Junxiang. In autumn, in the seventh month, Zi Qi and Zi Pu destroyed Tang.

九月，夫王歸，自立也。以與王戰而敗，奔楚，為堂溪氏。吳師敗楚師於雍澨，秦師又敗吳師。吳師居麇，子期將焚之，子西曰：“父兄親暴骨焉，不能收，又焚之，不可。”子期曰：“國亡矣！死者若有知也，可以歆舊祀，豈憚焚之？”焚之，而又戰，吳師敗。又戰於公婿之溪，吳師大敗，吳子乃歸。囚闉輿罷，闉輿罷請先，遂逃歸。葉公諸梁之弟後臧從其母於吳，不待而歸。葉公終不正視。

In the ninth month, King Fugai (the original has a damaged character here, which by the preceding text is "King Fugai") went back and made himself king. Having failed in battle against the king, he fled to Chu and became the Tangxi clan. The Wu army defeated the Chu army at Yongshi, and the Qin army again defeated the Wu army. The Wu army stayed at Jun, and Zi Qi was about to set fire to it, but Zi Xi said: "The bones of our fathers, brothers and relatives are exposed there and cannot be gathered, and to burn them again is not acceptable." Zi Qi said: "The state has already perished! If the dead have knowledge, they can enjoy the old sacrifices; why fear burning?" They set it on fire, fought again, and the Wu army was defeated. They fought again at the stream of Gongxu, and the Wu army was greatly defeated, and the Viscount of Wu then went back. He imprisoned Yu Yu Ba, and Yu Yu Ba asked to go first, and so he escaped. Houzang, the younger brother of Zhuliang, Duke of She, followed his mother in Wu and returned without waiting for her. The Duke of She never looked at him directly.

乙亥，陽虎囚季桓子及公父文伯，而逐仲梁懷。冬十月丁亥，殺公何藐。己丑，盟桓子於稷門之內。庚寅，大詛，逐公父歜及秦遄，皆奔齊。

On yihai, Yang Hu imprisoned Ji Huanzi and Gongfu Wenbo and drove out Zhongliang Huai. In winter, in the tenth month, on dinghai, he killed Gong Hemiao. On jichou, he made a covenant with Huanzi inside the Ji Gate. On gengyin, a great imprecation was held, and Gongfu Chu and Qin Chuan were driven out and both fled to Qi.

楚子入於郢。初，鬥辛聞吳人之爭宮也，曰：“吾聞之：‘不讓則不和，不和不可以遠征。’吳爭於楚，必有亂。有亂則必歸，焉能定楚？”王之奔隨也，將涉於成臼，藍尹亹涉其帑，不與王舟。及寧，王欲殺之。子西曰：“子常唯思舊怨以敗，君何效焉？”王曰：“善。使復其所，吾以志前惡。”王賞鬥辛、王孫由於、王孫圉、鍾建、鬥巢、申包胥、王孫賈、宋木、鬥懷。子西曰：“請舍懷也。”王曰：“大德滅小怨，道也。”申包胥曰：“吾為君也，非為身也。君既定矣，又何求？且吾尤子旗，其又為諸？”遂逃賞。王將嫁季羋，季羋辭曰：“所以為女子，遠丈夫也。鍾建負我矣。”以妻鍾建，以為樂尹。

The Viscount of Chu entered Ying. Earlier, Dou Xin had heard that the men of Wu were contending for the palaces, and said: "I have heard: 'Without yielding there is no harmony, and without harmony one cannot campaign far.' Wu is contending in Chu, so there will certainly be disorder. With disorder they will certainly go back; how can they pacify Chu?" When the king fled to Sui and was about to cross the river at Chengjiu, Lan Yinwei had his family cross first and did not give the king a boat. When peace was restored, the king wished to kill him. Zi Xi said: "Zi Chang thought only of old grievances and so failed; why should Your Lordship imitate him?" The king said: "Good. Let him be restored to his former post, and I shall use it to remember my former faults." The king rewarded Dou Xin, Wangsun Youyu, Wangsun Yu, Zhong Jian, Dou Chao, Shen Baoxu, Wangsun Jia, Song Mu and Dou Huai. Zi Xi said: "Please remove Huai." The king said: "To let great virtue extinguish a small grudge is the Way." Shen Baoxu said: "I did it for my ruler, not for myself. The ruler is already secure; what more do I seek? Besides, I reproached Zi Qi; would I then do such a thing myself?" So he avoided the reward. The king was about to marry off Ji Mi, but Ji Mi declined, saying: "The reason one is a woman is to stay away from men. Zhong Jian has already carried me on his back." She was married to Zhong Jian, and he was made Music Director.

王之在隨也，子西為王輿服以保路，國於脾洩。聞王所在，而後從王。王使由於城麇，覆命，子西問高厚焉，弗知。子西曰：“不能，如辭。城不知高厚，小大何知？”對曰：“固辭不能，子使餘也。人各有能有不能。王遇盜於雲中，餘受其戈，其所猶在。”袒而示之背，曰：“此餘所能也。脾洩之事，餘亦弗能也。”

When the king was in Sui, Zi Xi prepared the king's chariot and robes to protect the road and set up a state at Pixie. Hearing where the king was, he then followed the king. The king sent Youyu to build a wall at Jun; on returning to report, Zi Xi asked about the height and thickness of the wall, and he did not know. Zi Xi said: "If you cannot do it, it would be better to decline. If you do not know the height and thickness of the wall, how would you know its size?" He replied: "Originally I declined saying I could not, and it was you who sent me. People each have what they can do and what they cannot. When the king met robbers in Yunzhong, I blocked their halberd, and that wound is still there." He opened his clothes to show him his back, and said: "This is what I can do. The matter of Pixie is also something I cannot do."

晉士鞅圍鮮虞，報觀虎之役也。

Shi Yang of Jin besieged Xianyu, to avenge the battle at Guanhu.

【經】六年春王正月癸亥，鄭遊速帥師滅許，以許男斯歸。二月，公侵鄭。

[Classic] In the sixth year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, on the day guihai, You Su of Zheng led an army to destroy Xu and took the Baron of Xu, Si, back with him. In the second month, the duke raided Zheng.

公至自侵鄭。夏，季孫斯、仲孫何忌如晉。秋，晉人執宋行人樂祁犁。冬，城中城。季孫斯、仲孫忌帥師圍鄆。

The duke returned from raiding Zheng. In summer, Jisun Si and Zhongsun Heji went to Jin. In autumn, the people of Jin seized Yue Qili, envoy of Song. In winter, the Inner City was built. Jisun Si and Zhongsun Ji led an army to besiege Yun.

【傳】六年春，鄭滅許，因楚敗也。

[Commentary] In the sixth year, in spring, Zheng destroyed Xu, taking advantage of Chu's defeat.

二月，公侵鄭，取匡，為晉討鄭之伐胥靡也。往不假道於衛；及還，陽虎使季、孟自南門入，出自東門，舍於豚澤。衛侯怒，使彌子瑕追之。公叔文子老矣，輦而如公，曰：“尤人而效之，非禮也。昭公之難，君將以文之舒鼎，成之昭兆，定之鞶鑑，苟可以納之，擇用一焉。公子與二三臣之子，諸侯苟憂之，將以為之質。此群臣之所聞也。今將以小忿蒙舊德，無乃不可乎！大姒之子，唯周公、康叔為相睦也。而效小人以棄之，不亦誣乎！天將多陽虎之罪以斃之，君姑待之，若何？”乃止。

In the second month, the duke raided Zheng and took Kuang, to punish Zheng for Jin and to attack Xumi. On the way there he did not ask Wei for passage; on returning, Yang Hu had Jisun and Mengsun enter by the south gate and leave by the east gate, and they lodged at Tunze. The Marquis of Wei was angered and sent Mi Zixia in pursuit. Gongshu Wenzi was already old and went to the duke in a litter, saying: "To reproach others and then imitate them is contrary to ritual. In the disaster of Duke Zhao, the ruler would have used Duke Wen's Shu tripod, Duke Cheng's Zhao divination and Duke Ding's belt mirror, and if it could send him home, would choose one. The prince and the sons of several ministers, if the feudal lords were worried about it, would have been hostages. This is what the ministers heard. Now to cover old virtue with a small anger, I fear it will not do! Of the sons of Tai Si, only the Duke of Zhou and Kang Shu were on good terms with each other. To imitate petty men and abandon that, is it not also deception! Heaven will add to Yang Hu's offenses and cause him to die; why not let the ruler wait?" So it stopped.

夏，季桓子如晉，獻鄭俘也。陽虎強使孟懿子往報夫人之幣。晉人兼享之。

In summer, Ji Huanzi went to Jin, to present the captives from Zheng. Yang Hu forced Meng Yizi to return the betrothal gifts for the duke's wife. The people of Jin feasted them together.

孟孫立於房外，謂範獻子曰：“陽虎若不能居魯，而息肩於晉，所不以為中軍司馬者，有如先君！”獻子曰：“寡君有官，將使其人。鞅何知焉？”獻子謂簡子曰：“魯人患陽虎矣，孟孫知其釁，以為必適晉，故強為之請，以取入焉。”

Mengsun stood outside the room and said to Fan Xianzi: "If Yang Hu cannot live in Lu and comes to Jin to unload his burden, and you do not make him Minister of War of the Central Army, may the former rulers be my witnesses!" Xianzi said: "Our humble ruler has offices and will use suitable persons. How would Yang know?" Xianzi said to Jianzi: "The people of Lu are troubled by Yang Hu; Mengsun knows the rift, thinks he will surely come to Jin, and so forcibly requests on his behalf in order to gain his entry."

四月己丑，吳大子終累敗楚舟師，獲潘子臣、小惟子及大夫七人。楚國大惕，懼亡。子期又以陵師敗於繁揚。令尹子西喜曰：“乃今可為矣。”於是乎遷郢於鄀，而改紀其政，以定楚國。

In the fourth month, on the day jichou, Zhonglei, crown prince of Wu, defeated the Chu navy, capturing Pan Zichen, Xiao Weizi and seven high officials. Chu was greatly alarmed and feared destruction. Zi Qi was again defeated at Fanyang leading the hill troops. The Prime Minister Zi Xi was pleased and said: "From now on we can accomplish something." So he moved Ying to Ruo, corrected the rules and government, and pacified Chu.

周儋翩率王子朝之徒，因鄭人將以作亂於周。鄭於是乎伐馮、滑、胥靡、負黍、狐人、闕外。六月，晉閻沒戍周，且城胥靡。

Dan Pian of Zhou led the followers of Prince Chao of the royal house and, relying on the people of Zheng, was about to start an uprising in Zhou. Zheng then attacked Feng, Hua, Xumi, Fushu, Huren and Que Wai. In the sixth month, Yan Mo of Jin garrisoned Zhou and also built a wall at Xumi.

秋八月，宋樂祁言於景公曰：“諸侯唯我事晉，今使不往，晉其憾矣。”樂祁告其宰陳寅。陳寅曰：“必使子往。”他日，公謂樂祁曰：“唯寡人說子之言，子必往。”陳寅曰：“子立後而行，吾室亦不亡，唯君亦以我為知難而行也。”

In autumn, in the eighth month, Yue Qi of Song said to Duke Jing: "Among the feudal lords only we serve Jin, and now if no envoy goes, Jin will probably resent us." Yue Qi told his steward Chen Yin. Chen Yin said: "They will certainly send you." Some days later, the duke said to Yue Qi: "Only I like your words; you must go." Chen Yin said: "If you establish an heir before you leave, our house will not perish, and even the ruler will think we knew the difficulty and went anyway."

見溷而行。趙簡子逆，而飲之酒於綿上，獻楊楯六十於簡子。陳寅曰：“昔吾主范氏，今子主趙氏，又有納焉。以楊楯賈禍，弗可為也已。然子死晉國，子孫必得志於宋。”範獻子言於晉侯曰：“以君命越疆而使，未致使而私飲酒，不敬二君，不可不討也。”乃執樂祁。

After seeing Hun, he set out. Zhao Jianzi welcomed him and gave him wine at Mianshang, and he presented sixty poplar-wood shields to Jianzi. Chen Yin said: "In the past we looked to the Fan clan as master, and now you look to the Zhao clan, and there is a presentation again. To buy disaster with poplar shields cannot be rescued. But if you die in Jin, your descendants will certainly succeed in Song." Fan Xianzi said to the Marquis of Jin: "Crossing the border by the ruler's command on a mission, he has not yet delivered the message and privately drinks wine; he is disrespectful to the rulers of both states, and we cannot fail to punish him." So Yue Qi was seized.

陽虎又盟公及三桓於周社，盟國人於亳社，詛於五父之衢。

Yang Hu again made a covenant with the duke and the Three Huan at the Altar of Zhou, made a covenant with the people of the state at the Altar of Bo, and imprecated at the thoroughfare of Wufu.

冬，十二月，天王處於姑蕕，闢儋翩之亂也。

In winter, in the twelfth month, the Heavenly King lodged at Guyou, to avoid the disorder of Dan Pian.

【經】七年春王正月。夏四月。秋，齊侯、鄭伯盟於鹹。齊人執衛行人北宮結以侵衛。齊侯、衛侯盟於沙。大雩。齊國夏帥師伐我西鄙。九月，大雩。冬十月。

[Classic] In the seventh year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar. In summer, in the fourth month. In autumn, the Marquis of Qi and the Earl of Zheng made a covenant at Xian. The people of Qi seized the Wei envoy Beigong Jie and raided Wei. The Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei made a covenant at Sha. The great rain sacrifice was held. Guo Xia of Qi led an army to attack the western border of our state. In the ninth month, the great rain sacrifice was held. In winter, in the tenth month.

【傳】七年春二月，周儋翩入於儀栗以叛。

[Commentary] In the seventh year, in spring, in the second month, Dan Pian of Zhou entered Yili and rebelled.

齊人歸鄆、陽關，陽虎居之以為政。

The people of Qi returned Yun and Yangguan, and Yang Hu lived there and held government.

夏四月，單武公、劉桓公敗尹氏於窮谷。

In summer, in the fourth month, Duke Wu of Shan and Duke Huan of Liu defeated the Yin clan at Qionggu.

秋，齊侯、鄭伯盟於鹹，徵會於衛。衛侯欲叛晉，諸大夫不可。使北宮結如齊，而私於齊侯曰：“執結以侵我。”齊侯從之，乃盟於瑣。

In autumn, the Marquis of Qi and the Earl of Zheng made a covenant at Xian and summoned Wei to the meeting. The Marquis of Wei wished to rebel against Jin, but the high officials would not agree. He sent Beigong Jie to Qi, but privately said to the Marquis of Qi: "Seize Jie and raid us." The Marquis of Qi followed this, and so they made a covenant at Suo.

齊國夏伐我。陽虎御季桓子，公斂處父御孟懿子，將宵軍齊師。齊師聞之，墮，伏而待之。處父曰：“虎不圖禍，而必死。”苫夷曰：“虎陷二子於難，不待有司，餘必殺女。”虎懼，乃還，不敗。

Guo Xia of Qi attacked our state. Yang Hu drove the chariot for Ji Huanzi and Gongling Chufu drove for Meng Yizi, and they were about to raid the Qi army by night. The Qi army heard of it, tore down their ramparts and lay in ambush. Chufu said: "Hu does not consider disaster and will certainly die." Shan Yi said: "Hu has trapped two gentlemen in disaster; without waiting for the officials, I shall certainly kill you." Hu was afraid, so he turned back and was not defeated.

冬十一月戊午，單子、劉子逆王於慶氏。晉籍秦送王。己巳，王入於王城，館於公族黨氏，而後朝於莊宮。

In winter, in the eleventh month, on the day wuwu, Shan Zi and Liu Zi went to welcome the king at the Qing clan's. Ji Qin of Jin escorted the king. On jisi, the king entered the royal city and lodged at the Dang clan's of the ducal clan, and then went to the Zhuang Palace to hold court.

【經】八年春王正月，公侵齊。公至自侵齊。二月，公侵齊。三月，公至自侵齊。曹伯露卒。夏，齊國夏帥師伐我西鄙。公會晉師於瓦。公至自瓦。秋七月戊辰，陳侯柳卒。晉士鞅帥師侵鄭，遂侵衛。葬曹靖公。九月，葬陳懷公。季孫斯、仲孫何忌帥師侵衛。冬，衛侯、鄭伯盟於曲濮。從祀先公。盜竊寶玉、大弓。

[Classic] In the eighth year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, the duke raided Qi. The duke returned from raiding Qi. In the second month, the duke raided Qi. In the third month, the duke returned from raiding Qi. Earl Lu of Cao died. In summer, Guo Xia of Qi led an army to attack the western border of our state. The duke met the Jin army at Wa. The duke returned from Wa. In autumn, in the seventh month, on the day wuchen, the Marquis of Chen, Liu, died. Shi Yang of Jin led an army to raid Zheng, and then raided Wei. Duke Jing of Cao was buried. In the ninth month, Duke Huai of Chen was buried. Jisun Si and Zhongsun Heji led an army to raid Wei. In winter, the Marquis of Wei and the Earl of Zheng made a covenant at Qupu. Sacrifices were made to the former dukes by order of rank. Robbers stole the precious jade and the great bow.

【傳】八年春，王正月，公侵齊，門於陽州。士皆坐列，曰：“顏高之弓六鈞。”皆取而傳觀之。陽州人出，顏高奪人弱弓，籍丘子鉏擊之，與一人俱斃。

[Commentary] In the eighth year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, the duke raided Qi and attacked the gate of the city of Yangzhou. The soldiers all sat in rows and said: "Yan Gao's bow is six jun in strength." They all took it and passed it around to look at. The men of Yangzhou came out to fight, and Yan Gao snatched another man's weak bow; Jiqiu Zi Ju struck at him, and one man fell to the ground along with him.

偃，且射子鉏，中頰，殪。顏息射人中眉，退曰：“我無勇，吾志其目也。”師退，冉猛偽傷足而先。其兄會乃呼曰：“猛也殿！”二月己丑，單子伐穀城，劉子伐儀栗。辛卯，單子伐簡城，劉子伐盂，以定王室。

Yan Gao fell but still shot at Zi Ju, hitting him in the cheek, and Zi Ju died. Yan Xi shot a man and hit him in the eyebrow, and withdrew, saying: "I have no courage; I originally wanted to shoot him in the eye." The army withdrew, and Ran Meng pretended to be wounded in the foot and walked at the front. His elder brother Hui then shouted: "Meng, come and guard the rear!" In the second month, on the day jichou, Shan Zi attacked Gucheng and Liu Zi attacked Yili. On xinmao, Shan Zi attacked Jiancheng and Liu Zi attacked Yu, to pacify the royal house.

趙鞅言於晉侯曰：“諸侯唯宋事晉，好逆其使，猶懼不至。今又執之，是絕諸侯也。”將歸樂祁。士鞅曰：“三年止之，無故而歸之，宋必叛晉。“獻子私謂子梁曰：“寡君懼不得事宋君，是以止子。子姑使溷代子。”子梁以告陳寅，陳寅曰：“宋將叛晉，是棄溷也，不如侍之。”樂祁歸，卒於大行。士鞅曰：“宋必叛，不如止其屍以求成焉。”乃止諸州。

Zhao Yang said to the Marquis of Jin: "Among the feudal lords only Song serves Jin; we receive its envoys well and still fear they will not come. Now we have also seized him, which cuts off the feudal lords." He was about to release Yue Qi. Shi Yang said: "Detained for three years and released without cause, Song will certainly rebel against Jin." Xianzi said privately to Zi Liang: "Our humble ruler fears he cannot serve the ruler of Song, and so has detained you. You may have Hun take your place for now." Zi Liang told Chen Yin, and Chen Yin said: "Song is going to rebel against Jin, and this would be abandoning Hun; better to wait." Yue Qi went back and died at Daxing. Shi Yang said: "Song will certainly rebel; it is better to keep his corpse to seek peace." So they kept it at Zhou.

公侵齊，攻廩丘之郛。主人焚沖，或濡馬褐以救之，遂毀之。主人出，師奔。

The duke raided Qi and attacked the outer wall of Linqiu. The defenders set fire to the battering ram, and someone soaked horse blankets to put out the fire, and so they destroyed the outer wall. The defenders came out to fight, and the Lu army fled.

陽虎偽不見冉猛者，曰：“猛在此，必敗。”猛逐之，顧而無繼，偽顛。虎曰：“盡客氣也。”苫越生子，將待事而名之。陽州之役獲焉，名之曰陽州。

Yang Hu pretended not to see Ran Meng and said: "If Meng is here, he will certainly defeat them." Meng pursued, looked back and found no one following, and pretended to fall. Hu said: "It is all outward politeness." Shan Yue had a son and waited until some event to name him. He had captured something in this battle at Yangzhou and so named him Yangzhou.

夏，齊國夏、高張伐我西鄙。晉士鞅、趙鞅、荀寅救我。公會晉師於瓦。範獻子執羔，趙簡子、中行文子皆執雁。魯於是始尚羔。

In summer, Guo Xia and Gao Zhang of Qi attacked the western border of our state. Shi Yang, Zhao Yang and Xun Yin of Jin came to relieve our state. The duke met the Jin army at Wa. Fan Xianzi held a lamb, and Zhao Jianzi and Zhonghang Wenzi both held wild geese. From then on Lu began to value the lamb as the more honored.