Duke Xiang (Years 1 to 31)

楚薳罷如晉蒞盟，晉將享之。將出，賦《既醉》。叔向曰：“薳氏之有後於楚國也，宜哉！承君命，不忘敏。子蕩將知政矣。敏以事君，必能養民。政其焉往？”崔氏之亂，申鮮虞來奔，僕賃於野，以喪莊公。冬，楚人召之，遂如楚為右尹。

Wei Ba of Chu went to Jin to take part in the covenant, and Jin was about to feast him. As he was about to go out, he recited Jizui. Shu Xiang said: "The Wei clan will have descendants in Chu, as is right! Receiving the ruler's command, he does not forget to be prompt. Zi Dang will take charge of government. Serving the ruler with promptness, he will certainly be able to nurture the people. Where else can government go?" In the disorder of the Cui clan, Shen Xianyu came to take refuge, hired a man in the countryside to drive his chariot, and wore mourning for Duke Zhuang. In winter, the people of Chu summoned him, and so he went to Chu and became Right Prime Minister.

十一月乙亥朔，日有食之。辰在申，司歷過也，再失閏矣。

In the eleventh month, on the new moon day yihai, there was a solar eclipse. Mercury was in Shen, which was an error of the calendar officers, who had twice failed to insert an intercalary month.

【經】二十有八年春，無冰。夏，衛石惡出奔晉。邾子來朝。秋八月，大雩。

[Classic] In the twenty-eighth year, in spring, there was no ice. In summer, Shi E of Wei fled to Jin. The Viscount of Zhu came to court. In autumn, in the eighth month, the great rain sacrifice was held.

仲孫羯如晉。冬，齊慶封來奔。十有一月，公如楚。十有二月甲寅，天王崩。乙未，楚子昭卒。

Zhongsun Jie went to Jin. In winter, Qing Feng of Qi came to take refuge. In the eleventh month, Duke Xiang went to Chu. In the twelfth month, on the day jiayin, the Son of Heaven died. On yiwei, Zhao, the Viscount of Chu, died.

【傳】二十八年春，無冰。梓慎曰：“今茲宋、鄭其飢乎？歲在星紀，而淫於玄枵，以有時災，陰不堪陽。蛇乘龍。龍，宋、鄭之星也，宋、鄭必飢。玄枵，虛中也。枵，耗名也。土虛而民耗，不飢何為？”夏。齊侯、陳侯、蔡侯、北燕伯、杞伯、鬍子、沈子、白狄朝於晉，宋之盟故也。齊侯將行，慶封曰：“我不與盟，何為於晉？”陳文子曰：“先事後賄，禮也。小事大，未獲事焉，從之如志，禮也。雖不與盟，敢叛晉乎？重丘之盟，未可忘也。子其勸行！”衛人討寧氏之黨，故石惡出奔晉。衛人立其從子圃以守石氏之祀，禮也。

[Commentary] In the twenty-eighth year, in spring, there was no ice. Zi Shen said: "This year Song and Zheng will probably suffer famine. Jupiter is in the position of Xingji but has passed over it to Xuanxiao, and so there is a seasonal calamity, with yin unable to bear yang. The snake rides on the dragon. The dragon is the star of Song and Zheng, and Song and Zheng will certainly have famine. Xuanxiao has Xu in its middle. Xiao is the name for consumption. The land is empty and the people are depleted; what could it be but famine?" In summer, the Marquis of Qi, the Marquis of Chen, the Marquis of Cai, the Earl of Northern Yan, the Earl of Qi, the Viscount of Hu, the Viscount of Shen and the White Di went to pay court to Jin, because of the covenant of Song. When the Marquis of Qi was about to set out, Qing Feng said: "We did not take part in the covenant; why go to Jin?" Chen Wenzi said: "To do things first and talk of goods afterward is ritual. For the small to serve the great, when the service has not yet been accepted, to follow them as they wish is ritual. Even if we did not take part in the covenant, would we dare rebel against Jin? The covenant at Zhongqiu is not to be forgotten. You should urge him to go!" The people of Wei punished the followers of the Ning clan, and so Shi E fled to Jin. The people of Wei installed his nephew Pu to keep the sacrifices of the Shi clan, which was in accord with ritual.

邾悼公來朝，時事也。

Duke Dao of Zhu came to court, which was a matter of regular timing.

秋八月，大雩，旱也。

In autumn, in the eighth month, the great rain sacrifice was held, because of drought.

蔡侯歸自晉，入於鄭。鄭伯享之，不敬。子產曰：“蔡侯其不免乎？日其過此也，君使子展廷勞於東門之外，而傲。吾曰：‘猶將更之。’今還，受享而惰，乃其心也。君小國事大國，而惰傲以為己心，將得死乎？若不免，必由其子。其為君也，淫而不父。僑聞之，如是者，恆有子禍。”

The Marquis of Cai returned from Jin and entered Zheng. The Earl of Zheng feasted him but was not respectful. Zi Chan said: "The Marquis of Cai will probably not escape disaster. When he passed through here before, our ruler sent Zi Zhan to console him outside the east gate, and he was arrogant. I said: 'He will yet correct himself.' Now on his return, he received the banquet but was idle, and this is his heart. Our ruler serves a great state as a small state, yet he takes idleness and arrogance as his own heart; can he get a natural death? If he does not escape, it will certainly be by his son. As ruler, he is licentious and not like his father. Qiao has heard that those like this often meet misfortune from their sons."

孟孝伯如晉，告將為宋之盟故如楚也。

Meng Xiaobo went to Jin to inform them that he was going to Chu because of the covenant of Song.

蔡侯之如晉也，鄭伯使遊吉如楚。及漢，楚人還之，曰：“宋之盟，君實親辱。今吾子來，寡君謂吾子姑還！吾將使馹奔問諸晉而以告。”子大叔曰：“宋之盟，君命將利小國，而亦使安定其社稷，鎮撫其民人，以禮承天之休，此君之憲令，而小國之望也。寡君是故使吉奉其皮幣，以歲之不易，聘於下執事。今執事有命曰：‘女何與政令之有？必使而君棄而封守，跋涉山川，蒙犯霜露，以逞君心。’小國將君是望，敢不唯命是聽。無乃非盟載之言，以闕君德，而執事有不利焉，小國是懼。不然，其何勞之敢憚？”子大叔歸，覆命，告子展曰：“楚子將死矣！不修其政德，而貪昧於諸侯，以逞其願，欲久，得乎？《周易》有之，在《復》ⅱⅲ之《頤》ⅶⅲ，曰：‘迷復，兇。’其楚子之謂乎？欲復其願，而棄其本，復歸無所，是謂迷復。能無兇乎？君其往也！送葬而歸，以快楚心。楚不幾十年，未能恤諸侯也。吾乃休吾民矣。”裨灶曰：“今茲周王及楚子皆將死。

When the Marquis of Cai went to Jin, the Earl of Zheng sent You Ji to Chu. When he reached the Han River, the people of Chu had him go back, saying: "At the covenant of Song, the king in fact condescended to attend in person. Now that you have come, our humble ruler says you should go back for now! We shall send a post carriage running to ask Jin and then tell you." Zi Da Shu said: "At the covenant of Song, the king's command was to benefit small states, to let them secure the altars of the state, pacify the people, and receive Heaven's blessing by ritual; this is the ruler's statute and the hope of small states. Our humble ruler therefore sent Ji to present leather and silk, and because the harvest is not easy, to pay respects to the officials below. Now the officials have commanded: 'What do you have to do with government orders? You must make your ruler abandon his borders, trek over mountains and rivers, and endure frost and dew in order to satisfy the king's wishes.' The small state hopes only for the king and dares not do other than obey. We fear that this does not accord with the words of the covenant, so that the king's virtue is deficient and the officials also suffer disadvantage; the small state fears this. Otherwise, what hardship would we dare fear?" Zi Da Shu went back to report and told Zi Zhan: "The Viscount of Chu is going to die! He does not cultivate government and virtue, but is greedy and obtuse toward the feudal lords to satisfy his wishes; wanting to last long, can he? The Book of Changes has this: in Fu it changes into Yi, saying: 'Lost in returning, ominous.' It probably speaks of the Viscount of Chu? Wanting to restore his wishes but abandoning the root, he has no place to return; this is called lost in returning. Can it not be ominous? Let the ruler go! Attend the funeral and then return, so that Chu may be pleased. Chu will not, for nearly ten years, be able to take care of the feudal lords. We shall then give our people rest." Pi Zao said: "This year both the king of Zhou and the Viscount of Chu will die.

歲棄其次，而旅於明年之次，以害鳥帑。周、楚惡之。”

Jupiter has left its position and lodges in next year's position, so as to harm the tail of the bird. Zhou and Chu will suffer for it."

九月，鄭遊吉如晉，告將朝於楚，以從宋之盟。子產相鄭伯以如楚，舍不為壇。外僕言曰：“昔先大夫相先君，適四國，未嘗不為壇。自是至今，亦皆循之。

In the ninth month, You Ji of Zheng went to Jin to inform them that he would pay court in Chu to follow the covenant of Song. Zi Chan assisted the Earl of Zheng in going to Chu, and they lodged without building an altar. The outer attendant said: "In the past the former high officials assisted the former ruler and went to four states, and never failed to build an altar. From then until now they have all followed this.

今子草舍，無乃不可乎？”子產曰：“大適小，則為壇。小適大，苟舍而已，焉用壇？僑聞之，大適小有五美：宥其罪戾，赦其過失，救其災患，賞其德刑，教其不及。小國不困，懷服如歸。是故作壇以昭其功，宣告後人，無怠於德。小適大有五惡：說其罪戾，請其不足，行其政事，共某職貢，從其時命。不然，則重其幣帛，以賀其福而吊其兇，皆小國之禍也。焉用作壇以昭其禍？所以告子孫，無昭禍焉可也。”

Now you lodge on the grass; I fear this is not acceptable." Zi Chan said: "When a great state goes to a small state, an altar is built. When a small state goes to a great state, one simply lodges as convenient; what need is there for an altar? Qiao has heard that when the great goes to the small there are five good things: pardoning offenses, forgiving faults, relieving calamities, rewarding virtue and punishments, and teaching those who fall short. The small state is not distressed and submits as if returning home. Therefore an altar is built to display merit and proclaim it to later generations, so that they do not neglect virtue. When the small goes to the great there are five evils: explaining away offenses, asking for what is lacking, carrying out its government orders, supplying tribute duties, and following its orders at proper times. Otherwise, one increases the silk and gifts, to congratulate on blessings and condole on misfortune, all of which are calamities of the small state. What need is there to build an altar to display calamity? It is enough to tell one's descendants not to display calamity." [Note: the original text has a variant character in the phrase about tribute duties.]

齊莊封好田而耆酒，與慶舍政。則以其內實遷於盧蒲弊氏，易內而飲酒。數日，國遷朝焉。使諸亡人得賊者，以告而反之，故反盧蒲癸。癸臣子之，有寵，妻之。慶舍之士謂盧蒲癸曰：“男女辨姓。子不闢宗，何也？”曰：“宗不餘闢，餘獨焉闢之？賦詩斷章，餘取所求焉，惡識宗？”癸言王何而反之，二人皆嬖，使執寢戈，而先後之。

Qing Feng of Qi loved hunting and was fond of wine, and handed government over to Qing She. He then moved his inner chamber to the house of Lupu Bi, exchanging wives and concubines to drink. After some days, the people of the state went there to attend court instead. He had the various fugitives who could catch bandits report and let them return, and so he let Lupu Gui return. Gui became a retainer of Zi Zhi, was favored, and Zi Zhi married his daughter to him. Qing She's retainer said to Lupu Gui: "Men and women must distinguish surnames. You do not avoid the same clan; why?" He said: "The clan does not avoid me, so why should I alone avoid it? When reciting an ode one cuts it into sections; I take what I seek; how would I know the clan?" [Note: the original text has a variant form for Qing Feng.] Gui spoke of Wang He and had him return, and both were favored and were made to hold the bedchamber halberds, guarding in front and behind.

公膳，日雙雞。饔人竊更之以鶩。御者知之，則去其肉而以其洎饋。子雅、子尾怒。慶封告盧蒲弊。盧蒲弊曰；“譬之如禽獸，吾寢處之矣。”使析歸父告晏平仲。平仲曰：“嬰之眾不足用也，知無能謀也。言弗敢出，有盟可也。”子家曰：“子之言云，又焉用盟？”告北郭子車。子車曰：“人各有以事君，非佐之所能也。”陳文子謂桓子曰：“禍將作矣！吾其何得？”對曰：“得慶氏之木百車於莊。”文子曰：“可慎守也已！”盧蒲癸、王何卜攻慶氏，示子之兆，曰：“或卜攻讎，敢獻其兆。”子之曰：“克，見血。”冬十月，慶封田於萊，陳無宇從。丙辰，文子使召之。請曰：“無宇之母疾病，請歸。”慶季卜之，示之兆，曰：“死。”奉龜而泣。乃使歸。

The ducal household's meals were two chickens a day. The cook secretly changed them to ducks. The attendant learned of it and removed the meat, serving only the broth. Zi Ya and Zi Wei were angered. Qing Feng told Lupu Bi. Lupu Bi said: "Compare them to birds and beasts; I have already slept on their hides." He sent Xi Guifu to tell Yan Pingzhong. Pingzhong said: "Ying's troops are not enough for use and his wisdom cannot make plans. I dare not speak, but if there is a covenant that will do." Zi Jia said: "Since you have already said so, what need is there for a covenant?" He told Beiguo Zi Che. Zi Che said: "Each person has his own way of serving the ruler, and it is not something an assistant can do." Chen Wenzi said to Huanzi: "Disaster is about to break out! What shall we get?" He replied: "At Zhuang we shall get one hundred cartloads of the Qing clan's timber." Wenzi said: "Guard it carefully!" Lupu Gui and Wang He divined about attacking the Qing clan and showed the crack to Zi Zhi, saying: "Someone divined about attacking an enemy; may I offer the crack." Zi Zhi said: "It can succeed; I see blood." In winter, in the tenth month, Qing Feng hunted at Lai, and Chen Wuyu followed. On bingchen, Wenzi sent someone to summon him. He requested: "Wuyu's mother is seriously ill; please let me go back." Qing Ji divined about it, showed him the crack, and said: "Death." Holding the tortoise shell he wept. So he let him go back.

慶嗣聞之，曰：“禍將作矣！謂子家：“速歸！禍作必於嘗，歸猶可及也。”子家弗聽，亦無悛志。子息曰：“亡矣！幸而獲在吳、越。”陳無宇濟水而戕舟發梁。盧蒲姜謂癸曰：“有事而不告我，必不捷矣。”癸告之。姜曰：“夫子愎，莫之止，將不出，我請止之。”癸曰：“諾。”十一月乙亥，嘗於大公之廟，慶舍蒞事。盧蒲姜告之，且止之。弗聽，曰：“誰敢者！”遂如公。麻嬰為屍，慶圭為上獻。盧蒲癸、王何執寢戈。慶氏以其甲環公宮。陳氏、鮑氏之圉人為優。

Qing Si heard of it and said: "Disaster is about to break out!" He said to Zi Jia: "Go back quickly! The disaster will certainly break out at the autumn sacrifice, and going back is still in time." Zi Jia did not listen and had no intention of repenting. Zi Xi said: "It is over! By luck we may find a place to take shelter in Wu or Yue." Chen Wuyu, after crossing the water, destroyed the boat and tore down the bridge. Lupu Jiang said to Gui: "If you have a matter and do not tell me, you will certainly not succeed." Gui told her. Jiang said: "The gentleman is stubborn and no one can stop him; he will not come out, and I ask to stop him." Gui said: "Good." In the eleventh month, on the day yihai, the autumn sacrifice was held in the Temple of Taigong, and Qing She came to preside. Lupu Jiang told him and also tried to stop him. He did not listen and said: "Who would dare!" So he went to the duke. Ma Ying served as the impersonator of the dead and Qing Gui as the presenter of the first offering. Lupu Gui and Wang He held the bedchamber halberds. The Qing clan surrounded the ducal palace with armed men. The grooms of the Chen and Bao clans acted as entertainers.

慶氏之馬善驚，士皆釋甲束馬而飲酒，且觀優，至於魚裡。欒、高、陳、鮑之徒介慶氏之甲。子尾抽桷擊扉三，盧蒲癸自後刺子之，王何以戈擊之，解其左肩。

The Qing clan's horses were easily startled, and the soldiers all took off their armor, tethered the horses and drank, and also watched the entertainers, until the fish formation. The followers of the Luan, Gao, Chen and Bao clans put on the Qing clan's armor. Zi Wei pulled out a rafter and knocked on the door three times, and Lupu Gui stabbed Zi Zhi from behind, and Wang He struck him with a halberd and took off his left shoulder.

猶援廟桷，動於甍，以俎壺投，殺人而後死。遂殺慶繩、麻嬰。公懼，鮑國曰：“群臣為君故也。”陳須無以公歸，稅服而如內宮。

He still gripped the temple rafter and shook the ridgepole, threw the sacrificial table and wine vessels, killed people and then died. Then they killed Qing Sheng and Ma Ying. The duke was frightened, and Bao Guo said: "The ministers did it for the sake of Your Lordship." Chen Xuwu took the duke back, and they took off his sacrificial robes and entered the inner palace.

慶封歸，遇告亂者，丁亥，伐西門，弗克。還伐北門，克之。入，伐內宮，弗克。反，陳於嶽，請戰，弗許。遂來奔。獻車於季武子，美澤可以鑑。展莊叔見之，曰：“車甚澤，人必瘁，宜其亡也。”叔孫穆子食慶封，慶封汜祭。穆子不說，使工為之誦《茅鴟》，亦不知。既而齊人來讓，奔吳。吳句餘予之朱方，聚其族焉而居之，富於其舊。子服惠伯謂叔孫曰：“天殆富淫人，慶封又富矣。”

Qing Feng returned and met the one reporting the disorder; on dinghai he attacked the west gate and did not succeed. He turned to attack the north gate and succeeded. He went in and attacked the inner palace but did not succeed. He withdrew, formed ranks at Yue and requested battle, but it was not granted. So he came to take refuge. He presented his carriage to Ji Wuzi, and it was so lustrous it could serve as a mirror. Zhan Zhuangshu saw it and said: "The carriage is very lustrous, so the man will certainly be haggard and should perish." Shusun Muzi feasted Qing Feng, and Qing Feng made offerings all around. Muzi was displeased and had the musicians recite Maochi for him, but he did not understand it either. Afterward the people of Qi came to reproach, and he fled to Wu. Juyu of Wu gave him Zhufang, and he gathered his clan and lived there, richer than before. Zifu Huibo said to Shusun: "Perhaps Heaven makes the licentious rich; Qing Feng is rich again."

穆子曰：“善人富謂之賞，淫人富謂之殃。天其殃之也，其將聚而殲旃？”癸巳，天王崩。未來赴，亦未書，禮也。

Muzi said: "For a good man to be rich is called a reward; for a licentious man to be rich is called calamity. Perhaps Heaven is about to give him calamity, to gather them and then wipe them out?" On guisi, the Son of Heaven died. The announcement had not yet arrived and so was not recorded, which was in accord with ritual.

崔氏之亂，喪群公子。故鉏在魯，叔孫還在燕，賈在句瀆之丘。及慶氏亡，皆召之，具其器用而反其邑焉。與晏子邶殿，其鄙六十，弗受。子尾曰：“富，人之所欲也，何獨弗欲？”對曰：“慶氏之邑足欲，故亡。吾邑不足欲也。益之以邶殿，乃足欲。足欲，亡無日矣。在外，不得宰吾一邑。不受邶殿，非惡富也，恐失富也。且夫富如布帛之有幅焉，為之制度，使無遷也。夫民生厚而用利，於是乎正德以幅之，使無黜嫚，謂之幅利。利過則為敗。吾不敢貪多，所謂幅也。”

In the disorder of the Cui clan, the various princes were lost. So Chu was in Lu, Shusun was still in Yan, and Jia was at Judu Hill. When the Qing clan was destroyed, all were summoned back, given equipment and had their cities returned. Yan Zi was given the border towns of Beidian, sixty of them, but did not accept. Zi Wei said: "Wealth is what people want; why do you alone not want it?" He replied: "The Qing clan's cities satisfied their desires, and so they perished. My cities do not yet satisfy my desires. Adding Beidian would satisfy my desires. If desires are satisfied, destruction is not many days away. Abroad, I could not control even one of my towns. I do not accept Beidian not because I hate wealth, but because I fear losing wealth. Besides, wealth is like cloth and silk with a width; one sets a measure for it so that it does not shift. When the people's livelihood is abundant and their implements are good, one then rectifies virtue to limit the width, so that they are not diminished or neglected; this is called the width of profit. If profit goes beyond, it is ruined. I do not dare to be greedy; this is what is called width."

與北郭佐邑六十，受之。與子雅邑，辭多受少。與子尾邑，受而稍致之。公以為忠，故有寵。

Beiguo Zuo was given sixty towns and accepted. Zi Ya was given towns and declined most, accepting few. Zi Wei was given towns and gradually returned them after accepting. The duke considered him loyal, and so he was favored.

釋盧蒲弊於北竟。求崔杼之屍，將戮之，不得。叔孫穆子曰：“必得之。武王有亂臣十人，崔杼其有乎？不十人，不足以葬。”既，崔氏之臣曰：“與我其拱璧，吾獻其柩。”於是得之。十二月乙亥朔，齊人遷莊公，殯於大寢。以其棺屍崔杼於市，國人猶知之，皆曰：“崔子也。”

Lupu Bi was banished to the northern border. They sought the corpse of Cui Zhu, intending to mutilate it, but could not find it. Shusun Muzi said: "You will certainly find it. King Wu had ten capable ministers; does Cui Zhu have them? Fewer than ten would not be enough to bury him." Afterward, a retainer of the Cui clan said: "Give me that great jade disc, and I shall give up the coffin." So they obtained it. In the twelfth month, on the new moon day yihai, the people of Qi moved Duke Zhuang's coffin and set it in the main chamber. They used his coffin to display Cui Zhu's corpse in the market, and the people of the state still recognized him and all said: "It is Cui Zi."

為宋之盟故，公及宋公、陳侯、鄭伯、許男如楚。公過鄭，鄭伯不在。伯有勞於黃崖，不敬。穆叔曰：“伯有無戾於鄭，鄭必有大咎。敬，民之主也，而棄之，何以承守？鄭人不討，必受其辜，濟澤之阿，行潦之蘋藻，置諸宗室，季蘭屍之，敬也。敬可棄乎？”及漢，楚康王卒。公欲反，叔仲昭伯曰：“我楚國之為，豈為一人？行也！”子服惠伯曰：“君子有遠慮，小人從邇。飢寒之不恤，誰遑其後？不如姑歸也。”

Because of the covenant of Song, Duke Xiang, together with the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Chen, the Earl of Zheng and the Baron of Xu, went to Chu. Duke Xiang passed through Zheng, and the Earl of Zheng was not there. Bo You offered greetings at Huangya and was not respectful. Mu Shu said: "If Bo You is without offense in Zheng, Zheng will certainly have great calamity. Respect is the master of the people, yet he abandons it; on what will he bear his responsibility? If the people of Zheng do not punish him, they will certainly bear the guilt. The earth mound by the marsh, the duckweed in roadside pools, placed in the ancestral hall with Ji Lan as the impersonator of the dead, are respect. Can respect be abandoned?" When they reached the Han River, King Kang of Chu died. Duke Xiang wished to go back, and Shuzhong Zhaobo said: "We have come for Chu, not for one man! Go on!" Zifu Huibo said: "The gentleman makes far-reaching plans and the petty man follows what is near. If they do not take pity even on hunger and cold, who has time to care about later matters? It is better to go back for now."

叔孫穆子曰：“叔仲子專之矣，子服子始學者也。”榮成伯曰：“遠圖者，忠也。”

Shusun Muzi said: "Shuzhong Zi is acting arbitrarily, and Zifu Zi is one who has just begun to learn." Rongcheng Bo said: "To plan far ahead is loyalty."

公遂行。宋向戌曰：“我一人之為，非為楚也。飢寒之不恤，誰能恤楚？姑歸而息民，待其立君而為之備。”宋公遂反。

Duke Xiang then went forward. Xiang Xu of Song said: "We came for one man, not for Chu. If we do not care for hunger and cold, who will care for Chu? Let us go back for now, let the people rest, and wait until they have set up a ruler to make preparations." The Duke of Song then turned back.

楚屈建卒。趙文子喪之如同盟，禮也。

Qu Jian of Chu died. Zhao Wenzi observed mourning for him as for an ally, which accords with ritual.

王人來告喪，問崩日，以甲寅告，故書之，以徵過也。

The royal house sent men to report a death, and when asked the day of death, they reported it as jiayin, so it is recorded, in order to verify the error.

【經】二十有九年春王正月，公在楚。夏五月，公至自楚。庚午，衛侯衎卒，閽弒吳子餘祭。仲孫羯會晉荀盈、齊高止、宋華定、衛世叔儀、鄭公孫段、曹人、莒人、滕子、薛人、小邾人城杞。晉侯使士鞅來聘。杞子來盟。吳子使札來聘。

[Classic] In the twenty-ninth year, spring, in the first month by the Zhou calendar, Duke Xiang was in Chu. In summer, in the fifth month, Duke Xiang returned from Chu. On the gengwu day, Kan, Marquis of Wei, died, and a gatekeeper murdered Yuji, Viscount of Wu. Zhongsun Jie, together with Xun Ying of Jin, Gao Zhi of Qi, Hua Ding of Song, Shi Shuyi of Wei, Gongsun Duan of Zheng, and the men of Cao, Ju, Teng (Viscount), Xue and Little Zhu, built the wall of Qi. The Marquis of Jin sent Shi Yang on a courtesy visit. The Viscount of Qi came to conclude a covenant. The Viscount of Wu sent Zha on a courtesy visit.

秋九月，葬衛獻公。齊高止出奔北燕。冬，仲孫羯如晉。

In autumn, in the ninth month, Duke Xian of Wei was buried. Gao Zhi of Qi fled to Northern Yan. In winter, Zhongsun Jie went to Jin.

【傳】二十九年春，王正月，公在楚，釋不朝正於廟也。楚人使公親襚，公患之。穆叔曰：“祓殯而襚，則布幣也。”乃使巫以桃列先祓殯。楚人弗禁，既而悔之。

[Commentary] In the twenty-ninth year, spring, in the first month by the Zhou calendar, Duke Xiang was in Chu, which explains why he did not receive the new year in the temple. The men of Chu had Duke Xiang personally dress the dead king, and Duke Xiang was troubled. Mu Shu said: "First purify the coffin, then dress him; this is the same as displaying the offerings." And so he had a shaman use peach branches and reed brooms to purify the coffin first. The men of Chu did not forbid it, and later regretted it. (The original text's "tao lie" means peach and reed broom.)

二月癸卯，齊人葬莊公於北郭。

On the guimao day of the second month, the men of Qi buried Duke Zhuang at the North Outer Wall.

夏四月，葬楚康王。公及陳侯、鄭伯、許男送葬，至於西門之外。諸侯之大夫皆至於墓。楚郟敖即位。王子圍為令尹。鄭行人子羽曰：“是謂不宜，必代之昌。松柏之下，其草不殖。”

In summer, in the fourth month, King Kang of Chu was buried. Duke Xiang and the Marquis of Chen, the Earl of Zheng and the Baron of Xu escorted the coffin as far as outside the west gate. The grandees of the feudal lords all went up to the tomb. Jia Ao took the throne in Chu. Prince Wei became Prime Minister. Ziyu, the envoy of Zheng, said: "This is called unsuitable; he will certainly flourish by replacing him. Beneath pines and cypresses, grass cannot grow."

公還，及方城。季武子取卞，使公冶問，璽書追而與之，曰：“聞守卞者將叛，臣帥徒以討之，既得之矣，敢告。”公冶致使而退，及舍而後聞取卞。公曰：“欲之而言叛，只見疏也。”公謂公冶曰：“吾可以入乎？”對曰：“君實有國，誰敢違君！”公與公冶冕服。固辭，強之而後受。公欲無入，榮成伯賦《式微》，乃歸。五月，公至自楚。公冶致其邑於季氏，而終不入焉。曰：“欺其君，何必使餘？”季孫見之，則言季氏如他日。不見，則終不言季氏。及疾，聚其臣，曰：“我死，必以在冕服斂，非德賞也。且無使季氏葬我。”

Duke Xiang returned and reached Fangcheng. Jiwuzi had taken Bian and sent Gong Ye to greet him, giving him a sealed letter that caught up with him, saying: "I heard that those who guarded Bian were about to rebel, and so I led my followers to attack and have already taken it; I venture to report." Gong Ye finished his mission and withdrew, and only after reaching his lodging did he hear that Bian had been taken. Duke Xiang said: "If you wanted it you should have said it rebelled; I am merely being estranged." Duke Xiang said to Gong Ye: "May I go in?" He replied: "My lord truly has the state; who dares to disobey my lord!" Duke Xiang gave Gong Ye a ceremonial cap and robe. He firmly declined, and only after being pressed accepted. Duke Xiang wished not to enter the city, but Rongchengbo recited the Shi Wei, and so he went back. In the fifth month, Duke Xiang returned from Chu. Gong Ye returned his city to the Ji clan and in the end did not enter. He said: "If you deceive the ruler, why send me?" When Jisun saw him, he would speak of the Ji clan as in former days. When he did not see him, he never spoke of the Ji clan at all. When he fell ill, he gathered his household retainers and said: "When I die, you must encoffin me in the cap and robe given here; it is not a reward for virtue. And do not let the Ji clan bury me."

葬靈王，鄭上卿有事，子展使印段往。伯有曰：“弱，不可。”子展曰：“與其莫往，弱不猶愈乎？《詩》云：‘王事靡盬，不遑啟處，東西南北，誰敢寧處？堅事晉、楚，以蕃王室也。王事無曠，何常之有？”遂使印段如周。

When King Ling was buried, the chief minister of Zheng had business, and Zizhan sent Yin Duan. Boyou said: "He is too young; it will not do." Zizhan said: "Rather than have no one go, is it not better to send a young man? The Odes say: 'The king's business is without end, there is no leisure to rest; east, west, south and north, who dares to dwell in peace? Steadfastly serve Jin and Chu to screen the royal house.' The king's business must not be neglected; what other regular rule is there?" So he sent Yin Duan to Zhou.

吳人伐越，獲俘焉，以為閽，使守舟。吳子餘祭觀舟，閽以刀弒之。

The men of Wu attacked Yue, took prisoners, made them gatekeepers, and sent them to guard the boats. Yuji, Viscount of Wu, went to view the boats, and a gatekeeper murdered him with a knife.

鄭子展卒，子皮即位。於是鄭飢而未及麥，民病。子皮以子展之命，餼國人粟，戶一鍾，是以得鄭國之民。故罕氏常掌國政，以為上卿。宋司城子罕聞之，曰：“鄰於善，民之望也。”宋亦飢，請於平公，出公粟以貸。使大夫皆貸。司城氏貸而不書，為大夫之無者貸。宋無飢人。叔向聞之，曰：“鄭之罕，宋之樂，其後亡者也！二者其皆得國乎！民之歸也。施而不德，樂氏加焉，其以宋升降乎！”晉平公，杞出也，故治杞。六月，知悼子合諸侯之大夫以城杞，孟孝伯會之。

Zizhan of Zheng died, and Zipi took his place. At that time Zheng was in famine and the wheat had not yet ripened, and the people were suffering. Zipi, using Zizhan's order, distributed millet to the people of the state, one zhong per household, and thereby won the people of Zheng. Hence the Han clan has long held the government of the state as chief minister. Zihan, the Director of Works of Song, heard of it and said: "Drawing close to the good is what the people look up to." Song was also in famine, and he asked Duke Ping to take out the public millet and lend it. He had all the grandees lend. The Director of Works lent but did not record it, lending for grandees who had no millet. There were no starving people in Song. Shuxiang heard of this and said: "The Han of Zheng and the Yue of Song will be the last to perish! Probably both houses will come to hold the state! They are where the people turn. He gave without considering himself virtuous, and the Yue clan will increase still more; they will probably rise and fall with Song!" Duke Ping of Jin was born of a lady of Qi, and so he repaired Qi. In the sixth month, Zhidaozi joined the grandees of the feudal lords in building the wall of Qi, and Meng Xiaobo joined them.

鄭子大叔與伯石往。子大叔見大叔文子，與之語。文子曰：“甚乎！其城杞也。”

Zidashu of Zheng and Boshi went there. Zidashu saw Dashu Wenzi and spoke with him. Wenzi said: "How excessive! Building the wall of Qi."

子大叔曰：“若之何哉？晉國不恤周宗之闕，而夏肄是屏。其棄諸姬，亦可知也已。諸姬是棄，其誰歸之？吉也聞之，棄同即異，是謂離德。《詩》曰：‘協比其鄰，昏姻孔雲。’晉不鄰矣，其誰雲之？”齊高子容與宋司徒見知伯，女齊相禮。賓出，司馬侯言於知伯曰：“二子皆將不免。子容專，司徒移，皆亡家之主也。”知伯曰：“何如？”對曰：“專則速及，侈將以其力斃，專則人實斃之，將及矣。”

Zidashu said: "What can be done? Jin does not care about the lack of the Zhou clan but protects the remnants of Xia. That it has abandoned all the Ji-surnamed states can also be seen. If all the Ji-surnamed states are abandoned, who will turn to it? I, Ji, have heard that to abandon the like and draw close to the different is called separation from virtue. The Odes say: 'Be close to his neighbors, and marriages will flourish.' If Jin does not treat people as neighbors, who will still attach to it?" Gao Zirong of Qi and the Minister of Instruction of Song saw Zhibo, with Nuqi assisting in the ritual. After the guests left, Sima Hou said to Zhibo: "Both of these men will not escape. Zirong is arbitrary and the Minister of Instruction is extravagant; both are masters who ruin their clans." Zhibo said: "How so?" He replied: "Arbitrariness comes quickly, extravagance will bring death by one's own strength, but arbitrariness means others kill him, and it is coming."

範獻子來聘，拜城杞也。公享之，展莊叔執幣。射者三耦，公臣不足，取於家臣，家臣：展瑕、展玉父為一耦。公臣，公巫召伯、仲顏莊叔為一耦，鄫鼓父、黨叔為一耦。

Fan Xianzi came on a courtesy visit to thank us for building the wall of Qi. Duke Xiang gave him a banquet, and Zhan Zhuangshu held the gifts. For the archery there were three pairs of archers, but the ducal ministers were not enough, so they took from the household retainers: retainers Zhan Xia and Zhan Yufu made one pair. Of the ducal ministers, Gongwu Zhaobo and Zhongyan Zhuangshu were one pair, and Zeng Gufu and Dangshu another pair.

晉侯使司馬女叔侯來治杞田，弗盡歸也。晉悼夫人慍曰：“齊也取貨。先君若有知也，不尚取之！”公告叔侯，叔侯曰：“虞、虢、焦、滑、霍、揚、韓、魏，皆姬姓也，晉是以大。若非侵小，將何所取？武、獻以下，兼國多矣，誰得治之？杞，夏餘也，而即東夷。魯，周公之後也，而睦於晉。以杞封魯猶可，而何有焉？魯之於晉也，職貢不乏，玩好時至，公卿大夫相繼於朝，史不絕書，府無虛月。如是可矣，何必瘠魯以肥杞？且先君而有知也，毋寧夫人，而焉用老臣？”杞文公來盟。書曰“子”，賤之也。

The Marquis of Jin sent the Marshal Nushu Hou to settle the land of Qi, and it was not all returned. The widow of Duke Dao of Jin was angry and said: "Qi is taking wealth. If the former ruler had knowledge, he would not approve taking it this way!" The Duke told Shu Hou, and Shu Hou said: "Yu, Guo, Jiao, Hua, Huo, Yang, Han and Wei were all Ji-surnamed, and Jin became great because of them. If it was not by invading small states, where would it have taken from? From Dukes Wu and Xian onward, how many states were annexed, and who could settle them? Qi is a descendant of Xia but is close to the Eastern Yi. Lu is a descendant of the Duke of Zhou and is in harmony with Jin. To give Qi to Lu would be acceptable; what else is there? Lu toward Jin has never been short in tribute and duties, sends its playthings on time, its ministers and grandees follow one another in the court, its historians' records are unbroken, and its treasuries have no empty month. This is enough; why starve Lu to fatten Qi? Besides, if the former ruler had knowledge, he would rather reproach the Lady, so what need is there for an old minister?" Duke Wen of Qi came to conclude a covenant. The Annals records him as "Viscount," to demean him.

吳公子札來聘，見叔孫穆子，說之。謂穆子曰：“子其不得死乎？好善而不能擇人。吾聞‘君子務在擇人’。吾子為魯宗卿，而任其大政，不慎舉，何以堪之？禍必及子！”請觀於周樂。使工為之歌《周南》、《召南》，曰：“美哉！始基之矣，猶未也。然勤而不怨矣。”為之歌《邶》、《鄘》、《衛》，曰：“美哉，淵乎！憂而不困者也。吾聞衛康叔、武公之德如是，是其《衛風》乎？”為之歌《王》，曰：“美哉！思而不懼，其周之東乎？”為之歌《鄭》，曰：“美哉！其細已甚，民弗堪也，是其先亡乎！”為之歌《齊》，曰：“美哉！泱泱乎！大風也哉！表東海者，其大公乎！國未可量也。”為之歌《豳》，曰：“美哉！蕩乎！樂而不淫，其周公之東乎？”為之歌《秦》，曰：“此之謂夏聲。夫能夏則大，大之至也，其周之舊乎？”為之歌《魏》，曰：“美哉！渢渢乎！大而婉，險而易行，以德輔此，則明主也。”為之歌《唐》，曰：“思深哉！其有陶唐氏之遺民乎？不然，何憂之遠也？非令德之後，誰能若是？”為之歌《陳》，曰：“國無主，其能久乎？”自《鄶》以下無譏焉。為之歌《小雅》，曰：“美哉！思而不貳，怨而不言，其周德之衰乎？猶有先王之遺民焉。”為之歌《大雅》，曰：“廣哉！熙熙乎！曲而有直體，其文王之德乎？”為之歌《頌》，曰：“至矣哉！直而不倨，曲而不屈，邇而不逼，遠而不攜，遷而不淫，復而不厭，哀而不愁，樂而不荒，用而不匱，廣而不宣，施而不費，取而不貪，處而不底，行而不流，五聲和，八風平，節有度，守有序，盛德之所同也。”

Gongzi Zha of Wu came on a courtesy visit, saw Shusun Muzi, and liked him. He said to Muzi: "Will you perhaps not die a natural death? You love the good but cannot choose men. I have heard that 'the gentleman's chief duty lies in choosing men.' You, sir, are the senior minister of the ruling clan of Lu and hold great government; if you do not recommend with care, how will you bear it? Disaster will certainly fall on you!" He asked to view the music of Zhou. He had the musicians sing for him the Zhounan and Shaonan, and said: "Beautiful! The foundation is first laid, but not yet complete. Yet they toil without resentment." They sang for him the Bei, Yong and Wei, and he said: "Beautiful, and deep! Sorrowful but not distressed. I have heard that the virtue of Kangshu and Duke Wu of Wei was like this; this must be its Wei airs?" They sang the Wang, and he said: "Beautiful! Thoughtful but not fearful; it must be the Zhou after moving east?" They sang the Zheng, and he said: "Beautiful! Its delicacy is already excessive, and the people cannot bear it; this will be the first to perish!" They sang the Qi, and he said: "Beautiful! Vast and expansive! It is a great wind! The model for the eastern seas must be Taigong! The state is immeasurable." They sang the Bin, and he said: "Beautiful! Open and broad! Joyful but not excessive; must it be the Duke of Zhou's eastern campaign?" They sang the Qin, and he said: "This is called the Xia sound. If it can be Xia it is great, and when great to the utmost, it must be the old land of Zhou!" They sang the Wei, and he said: "Beautiful! Light and gentle! Great yet mild, dangerous yet easy to carry out; if virtue assists this, he would be a wise ruler." They sang the Tang, and he said: "Deep in thought! Probably there are survivors of the Tao-Tang clan? Otherwise why such distant concern? If not descendants of a person of fine virtue, who could be like this?" They sang the Chen, and he said: "A state without a master, can it last long?" From the Kuai on, he made no comment. They sang the Lesser Odes, and he said: "Beautiful! Thoughtful but with no divided mind, resentful but not speaking of it; this must be the decline of Zhou virtue? There are still the survivors of the former kings." They sang the Greater Odes, and he said: "Broad! Harmonious and joyful! Winding yet with an upright substance; this must be the virtue of King Wen?" They sang the Hymns, and he said: "Reaching the utmost! Upright but not arrogant, bending but not submitting, close but not pressing, distant but not estranged, shifting but not excessive, repeating but not wearying, sad but not grieving, joyful but not dissolute, used but not depleted, broad but not conspicuous, giving but not wasting, taking but not greedy, dwelling but not stagnant, moving but not drifting; the five tones are in harmony, the eight winds are calm, the rhythm has measure, the keeping has order; these are shared by all of abundant virtue."

見舞《象箾》《南籥》者，曰：“美哉！猶有憾。”見舞《大武》者，曰：“美哉！周之盛也，其若此乎！”見舞《韶濩》者，曰：“聖人之弘也，而猶有慚德，聖人之難也。”見舞《大夏》者，曰：“美哉！勤而不德，非禹其誰能修之？”見舞《韶箾》者，曰：“德至矣哉！大矣！如天之無不幬也，如地之無不載也，雖甚盛德，其蔑以加於此矣。觀止矣！若有他樂，吾不敢請已！”其出聘也，通嗣君也。故遂聘於齊，說晏平仲，謂之曰：“子速納邑與政！無邑無政，乃免於難。齊國之政，將有所歸，未獲所歸，難未歇也。”故晏子因陳桓子以納政與邑，是以免於欒、高之難。

Seeing the dance of the Xiang Shuo and the Nan Yue, he said: "Beautiful! Yet there is still regret." Seeing the dance of the Da Wu, he said: "Beautiful! The flourishing time of Zhou must have been like this!" Seeing the dance of the Shao Hu, he said: "The greatness of a sage, and yet there is virtue that feels shame; that is the difficulty of a sage." Seeing the dance of the Da Xia, he said: "Beautiful! Toiling yet not taking it as virtue; if not Yu, who could have accomplished it?" Seeing the dance of the Shao Shuo, he said: "Virtue has reached the utmost! Great! Like Heaven there is nothing it does not cover, like Earth there is nothing it does not carry; even the most abundant virtue cannot add anything to this. Viewing stops here! If there is other music, I dare not ask!" His visits to other states were to establish relations for the successor ruler. So he went on to Qi on a courtesy visit, liked Yan Pingzhong, and said to him: "You should quickly hand over your city and your political affairs! Without city and without affairs, you can escape calamity. The government of Qi will return to someone, but until it finds its place, calamity will not cease." Therefore Master Yan handed over his government and city through Chen Huanzi, and thereby escaped the calamity of the Luan and Gao clans.

聘於鄭，見子產，如舊相識，與之縞帶，子產獻紵衣焉。謂子產曰：“鄭之執政侈，難將至矣！政必及子。子為政，慎之以禮。不然，鄭國將敗。”

He visited Zheng on a courtesy visit and saw Zichan; it was as if they were old acquaintances. He gave him a white silk belt, and Zichan presented a ramie garment. He said to Zichan: "The ruler of Zheng is extravagant, and calamity will arrive! The government will certainly come to you. When you hold the government, be careful and use ritual. Otherwise Zheng will be ruined."

適衛，說蘧瑗、史狗、史鰍，公子荊、公叔發、公子朝，曰：“衛多君子，未有患也。”

He went to Wei and liked Qu Yuan, Shi Gou, Shi Qiu, Gongzi Jing, Gongshu Fa and Gongzi Chao, and said: "There are many gentlemen in Wei; there will not yet be calamity."

自衛如晉，將宿於戚。聞鐘聲焉，曰：“異哉！吾聞之也：‘辯而不德，必加於戮。’夫子獲罪於君以在此，懼猶不足，而又何樂？夫子之在此也，猶燕之巢於幕上。君又在殯，而可以樂乎？”遂去之。文子聞之，終身不聽琴瑟。

From Wei he went to Jin and was about to lodge at Qi. Hearing the sound of bells, he said: "How strange! I have heard: 'One who has eloquence but no virtue will surely suffer execution.' That gentleman offended his ruler here and yet fears not enough, so what is there to be joyful about? That gentleman here is like a swallow nesting on a tent. And with his ruler still in the coffin, can he make music?" So he left. Wenzi heard of it and for the rest of his life did not listen to zithers.

適晉，說趙文子、韓宣子、魏獻子，曰：“晉國其萃於三族乎！”說叔向，將行，謂叔向曰：“吾子勉之！君侈而多良，大夫皆富，政將在家。吾子好直，必思自免於難。”

He went to Jin and liked Zhao Wenzi, Han Xuanzi and Wei Xianzi, and said: "Jin will probably gather in these three clans!" He liked Shuxiang, and when about to leave said to Shuxiang: "Make an effort, sir! The ruler is extravagant and there are many worthy men, the grandees are all rich, and government will be in private houses. You like uprightness; you must try to keep yourself from calamity."

秋九月，齊公孫蠆、公孫灶放其大夫高止於北燕。乙未，出。書曰：“出奔。”

In autumn, in the ninth month, Gongsun Chai and Gongsun Zao of Qi banished their grandee Gao Zhi to Northern Yan. On the yiwei day, he left the state. The Annals records it as "fled."

罪高止也。高止好以事自為功，且專，故難及之。

This puts the blame on Gao Zhi. Gao Zhi liked to take credit for himself in affairs and was also arbitrary, and so calamity fell on him.

冬，孟孝伯如晉，報范叔也。

In winter, Meng Xiaobo went to Jin to return the visit to Fan Shu.

為高氏之難故，高豎以盧叛。十月庚寅，閭丘嬰帥師圍盧。高豎曰：“苟請高氏有後，請致邑。”齊人立敬仲之曾孫宴酀，良敬仲也。十一月乙卯，高豎致盧而出奔晉，晉人城綿而置旃。

Because of the calamity of the Gao clan, Gao Shu rebelled, holding Lu. On the gengyin day of the tenth month, Lüqiu Ying led troops and besieged Lu. Gao Shu said: "If you ask that the Gao clan have heirs, I ask to hand over the city." The men of Qi set up Yan Chou, great-grandson of Jingzhong, because they thought Jingzhong was good. On the yimao day of the eleventh month, Gao Shu handed over Lu and fled to Jin, and the men of Jin built Mian to settle him.

鄭伯有使公孫黑如楚，辭曰：“楚、鄭方惡，而使餘往，是殺餘也。”伯有曰：“世行也。”子皙曰：“可則往，難則已，何世之有？”伯有將強使之。子皙怒，將伐伯有氏，大夫和之。十二月己巳，鄭大夫盟於伯有氏。裨諶曰：“是盟也，其與幾何？《詩》曰：‘君子屢盟，亂是用長。’今是長亂之道也。禍未歇也，必三年而後能紓。”然明曰：“政將焉往？”裨諶曰：“善之代不善，天命也，其焉闢子產？舉不逾等，則位班也。擇善而舉，則世隆也。天又除之，奪伯有魄，子西即世，將焉闢之？天禍鄭久矣，其必使子產息之，乃猶可以戾。不然，將亡矣。”

Boyou of Zheng sent Gongsun Hei to Chu, but he declined, saying: "Chu and Zheng are on bad terms just now, and yet you send me; that is to kill me." Boyou said: "It has been the family tradition for generations to serve as envoys." Zixi said: "If I can go, I go; if it is difficult, I stop; what generations?" Boyou was about to force him to go. Zixi was angry and was about to attack the Boyou clan, and the grandees mediated. On the jisi day of the twelfth month, the grandees of Zheng made a covenant at the Boyou house. Pi Chen said: "How long can this covenant last? The Odes say: 'The gentlemen repeatedly make covenants, and disorder grows because of it.' Now this is the road of growing disorder. Disaster will not cease, and it will surely take three years before it eases." Ranming said: "Where will the government go?" Pi Chen said: "The good replacing the not good is the mandate of Heaven; how can Zichan be avoided? To recommend without going beyond rank is order. To choose the good and recommend them is the flourishing of an age. Heaven is also clearing away, taking away Boyou's spirit; Zixi has died, where will he flee? Heaven has been afflicting Zheng for a long time, and must make Zichan end it before it can be settled. Otherwise it will perish."

【經】三十年春王正月，楚子使薳罷來聘。夏四月，蔡世子般弒其君固。五月甲午。宋災。宋伯姬卒。天王殺其弟佞夫。王子瑕奔晉。秋七月，叔弓如宋，葬宋共姬。鄭良霄出奔許，自許入於鄭，鄭人殺良霄。冬十月，葬蔡景公。晉人、齊人、宋人、衛人、鄭人、曹人、莒人、邾人、滕子、薛人、杞人、小邾人會於澶淵，宋災故。

[Classic] In the thirtieth year, spring, in the first month by the Zhou calendar, the Viscount of Chu sent Wei Ba on a courtesy visit. In summer, in the fourth month, Prince Ban of Cai murdered his ruler Gu. On the jiawu day of the fifth month, there was a fire in Song. Bo Ji of Song died. The Son of Heaven killed his younger brother Ningfu. Prince Xia fled to Jin. In autumn, in the seventh month, Shu Gong went to Song to bury Gong Ji of Song. Liang Xiao of Zheng fled to Xu, and from Xu entered Zheng, and the men of Zheng killed Liang Xiao. In winter, in the tenth month, Duke Jing of Cai was buried. The men of Jin, Qi, Song, Wei, Zheng, Cao, Ju, Zhu, Teng (Viscount), Xue, Qi and Little Zhu met at Chanyuan, because of the fire in Song.

【傳】三十年春，王正月，楚子使薳罷來聘，通嗣君也。穆叔問：“王子之為政何如？”對曰：“吾儕小人，食而聽事，猶懼不給命而不免於戾，焉與知政？”固問焉，不告。穆叔告大夫曰：“楚令尹將有大事，子蕩將與焉，助之匿其情矣。”

[Commentary] In the thirtieth year, spring, in the first month by the Zhou calendar, the Viscount of Chu sent Wei Ba on a courtesy visit, to establish relations for the successor ruler. Mu Shu asked: "How is the prince's government?" He replied: "We petty men eat and take orders, and fear that we cannot keep up with commands and will not escape blame; how could we take part in knowing the government?" He pressed the question but was not told. Mu Shu told the grandees: "The Prime Minister of Chu will soon have a great undertaking, and Zidang will take part and help conceal the truth."

子產相鄭伯以如晉，叔向問鄭國之政焉。對曰：“吾得見與否，在此歲也。

Zichan assisted the Earl of Zheng in going to Jin, and Shuxiang asked about the government of Zheng. He replied: "Whether I shall get to see it depends on this year.

駟、良方爭，未知所成。若有所成，吾得見，乃可知也。”叔向曰：“不既和矣乎？”對曰：“伯有侈而愎，子皙好在人上，莫能相下也。雖其和也，猶相積惡也，惡至無日矣。”

The Si and Liang clans are contending, and I do not know how it will end. If it ends and I get to see it, then I can know." Shuxiang said: "Have they not already made peace?" He replied: "Boyou is extravagant and stubborn, and Zixi likes to be above others, and neither can place himself below the other. Even if they make peace, they will still pile up grievances against each other. When the bad comes, it will not be many days."

三月癸未，晉悼夫人食輿人之城杞者。絳縣人或年長矣，無子，而往與於食。

On the guiwei day of the third month, the widow of Duke Dao of Jin fed the laborers who built the wall of Qi. A man of Jiang County who was old and had no son went to share the meal.