Duke Yin (Years 1-11)

九月甲午，晉侯、秦伯圍鄭，以其無禮於晉，且貳於楚也。晉軍函陵，秦軍汜南。佚之狐言於鄭伯曰：“國危矣，若使燭之武見秦君，師必退。”公從之。

In the ninth month, on the jiawu day, the Marquis of Jin and the Earl of Qin besieged Zheng, because it had been discourteous to Jin and had also been two-faced toward Chu. The Jin army was stationed at Hanling, and the Qin army at south of Fan. Yi Zhihu said to the Earl of Zheng: "The state is in danger. If you send Zhu Zhiwu to see the lord of Qin, the army will surely withdraw." The Earl of Zheng agreed.

辭曰：“臣之壯也，猶不如人，今老矣，無能為也已。”公曰：“吾不能早用子，今急而求子，是寡人之過也。然鄭亡，子亦有不利焉。”許之，夜縋而出，見秦伯，曰：“秦、晉圍鄭，鄭既知亡矣。若亡鄭而有益於君，敢以煩執事。越國以鄙遠，君知其難也，焉用亡鄭以陪鄰。鄰之厚，君之薄也。若舍鄭以為東道主，行李之往來，共其乏困，君亦無所害。且君嘗為晉君賜矣，許君焦、瑕，朝濟而夕設版焉，君之所知也。夫晉何厭之有？既東封鄭，又欲肆其西封，不闕秦，將焉取之？闕秦以利晉，唯君圖之。”秦伯說，與鄭人盟，使杞子、逢孫、揚孫戍之，乃還。

Zhu Zhiwu declined, saying: "In my prime I was not the equal of others, and now that I am old I can do nothing." The Earl of Zheng said: "That I did not use you earlier and ask you only now that we are in crisis is my fault. But if Zheng is destroyed, it is also to your disadvantage." Zhu Zhiwu agreed, was let down over the wall by a rope at night, and went to see the Earl of Qin, saying: "Qin and Jin are besieging Zheng, and Zheng already knows it will perish. If the destruction of Zheng benefits you, I would not dare trouble Your Lordship's attendants. But to cross another state and make a distant place your border town, you know how hard it is; why destroy Zheng to add to your neighbor? When your neighbor grows thick, you grow thin. If you leave Zheng as host on the eastern road, so that when your envoys come and go it supplies their needs, it will do you no harm. Moreover, you once did a kindness to the lord of Jin, and he promised you Jiao and Xia; but in the morning he crossed the river and in the evening he built walls to keep you out, as you know. When has Jin ever had enough? Having made Zheng its eastern boundary, it will want to extend its western boundary; if it does not take from Qin, where will it take from? Please consider that harming Qin only benefits Jin." The Earl of Qin was pleased, made a covenant with the men of Zheng, sent Qi Zi, Feng Sun and Yang Sun to garrison it, and then returned.

子犯請擊之，公曰：“不可。微夫人力不及此。因人之力而敝之，不仁。失其所與，不知。以亂易整，不武。吾其還也。”亦去之。

Zi Fan asked to attack the Qin army, but Duke Wen said: "No. Without that man's strength I could not have reached this point. To rely on another's strength and then harm him is not benevolent. To lose an ally is not wise. To replace order with disorder is not martial. Let us go back." He withdrew as well.

初，鄭公子蘭出奔晉，從於晉侯。伐鄭，請無與圍鄭。許之，使待命於東。

Earlier, Prince Lan of Zheng had fled to Jin and followed the Marquis of Jin. When Zheng was being attacked, he asked not to take part in the siege of Zheng. It was granted, and he was ordered to wait in the east.

鄭石甲父、侯宣多逆以為大子，以求成於晉，晉人許之。

Shi Jiafu and Hou Xuanduo of Zheng welcomed him and set him up as crown prince, and used this to seek peace with Jin, and the men of Jin agreed.

冬，王使周公閱來聘，饗有昌歜、白、黑、形鹽。辭曰：“國君，文足昭也，武可畏也，則有備物之饗以象其德。薦五味，羞嘉穀，鹽虎形，以獻其功。

In winter the Son of Heaven sent Zhou Gong Yue to make a visit. The banquet had calamus pickle, white rice cake, black millet cake and salt shaped like a tiger. Zhou Gong Yue declined, saying: "A ruler whose culture is bright enough to illuminate and whose might is strong enough to inspire awe has a full set of provisions in a banquet to symbolize his virtue. The five flavors are offered, the fine grains are presented, and salt is shaped like a tiger to show his achievements.

吾何以堪之？”東門襄仲將聘於周，遂初聘於晉。

(Zhou Gong Yue continued:) "How could I deserve to be measured by this?" Dongmen Xiangzhong was about to visit the Zhou court and then to make his first visit to Jin.

【經】三十有一年春，取濟西田。公子遂如晉。夏四月，四卜郊，不從，乃免牲。猶三望。秋七月。冬，杞伯姬來求婦。狄圍衛。十有二月，衛遷於帝丘。

[Classic] In the thirty-first year, in spring, the lands west of the Ji River were taken. Prince Sui went to Jin. In summer, in the fourth month, divination was made four times for the suburban sacrifice, and it was not auspicious, so the sacrificial animal was released. The three wang sacrifices were still performed. In autumn, the seventh month. In winter, Bo Ji of Qi came to seek a daughter-in-law. The Di besieged Wey. In the twelfth month Wey moved to Diqiu.

【傳】三十一年春，取濟西田，分曹地也。使臧文仲往，宿於重館。重館人告曰：“晉新得諸侯，必親其共，不速行，將無及也。”從之，分曹地，自洮以南，東傅於濟，盡曹地也。

[Commentary] In the spring of the thirty-first year, the lands west of the Ji River were taken, which was a division of the territory of Cao. Zang Wenzhong was sent there and lodged in the guesthouse at Zhong. A man of the Zhong guesthouse told him: "Jin has recently gained the feudal lords and will surely favor those who are respectful. If you do not hurry, you will not make it in time." He followed this advice and divided the Cao land: from south of the Tao, extending east to the Ji River, all was the land of Cao.

襄仲如晉，拜曹田也。

Xiangzhong went to Jin to thank them for the Cao land.

夏四月，四卜郊，不從，乃免牲，非禮也。猶三望，亦非禮也。禮不卜常祀，而卜其牲、日，牛卜日曰牲。牲成而卜郊，上怠慢也。望，郊之細也。不郊，亦無望可也。

In summer, in the fourth month, divination was made four times for the suburban sacrifice, and it was not auspicious, so the sacrificial animal was released, which was contrary to ritual. The three wang sacrifices were still performed, which was also contrary to ritual. Ritual does not divine about regular sacrifices, but divines about the animals and the days. Once the day has been divined, the ox is called a sacrificial animal. To divine about the suburban sacrifice after the animal is already fixed is negligence by those above. The wang sacrifice is a detail of the suburban sacrifice. If the suburban sacrifice is not performed, the wang sacrifice need not be performed either.

秋，晉搜於清原，作五軍御狄。趙衰為卿。

In autumn, Jin held a great review at Qingyuan and set up five armies to resist the Di. Zhao Cui became a minister.

冬，狄圍衛，衛遷於帝丘。卜曰三百年。衛成公夢康叔曰：“相奪予享。”

In winter the Di besieged Wey, and Wey moved to Diqiu. Divination said it could last three hundred years. Duke Cheng of Wey dreamed that Kang Shu said: "Xiang has taken away my sacrifices."

公命祀相。甯武子不可，曰：“鬼神非其族類，不歆其祀。杞、鄫何事？相之不享於此。久矣，非衛之罪也，不可以間成王、周公之命祀。請改祀命。”

Duke Cheng of Wey ordered that sacrifices be made to Xiang. Ning Wuzi disagreed, saying: "Spirits do not partake of sacrifices from those who are not of their kin. What of Ji and Zeng? Xiang has not been enjoying sacrifices here for a long time, and it is not Wey's fault; one cannot insert them into the sacrifices prescribed by King Cheng and the Duke of Zhou. Please change the order for the sacrifice."

鄭洩駕惡公子瑕，鄭伯亦惡之，故公子瑕出奔楚。

Xie Jia of Zheng hated Prince Xia, and the Earl of Zheng also hated him, so Prince Xia fled to Chu.

【經】三十有二年春王正月。夏四月己丑，鄭伯捷卒。衛人侵狄。秋，衛人及狄盟。冬十有二月己卯，晉侯重耳卒。

[Classic] In the thirty-second year, in spring, the first month by the Zhou calendar. In summer, in the fourth month, on the jichou day, Jie, Earl of Zheng, died. Men of Wey invaded the Di. In autumn men of Wey made a covenant with the Di. In winter, in the twelfth month, on the jimao day, Chong'er, Marquis of Jin, died.

【傳】三十二年春，楚鬥章請平於晉，晉陽處父報之。晉、楚始通。

[Commentary] In the spring of the thirty-second year, Dou Zhang of Chu asked Jin for peace, and Yang Chufu of Jin made a return visit. Jin and Chu began to have exchanges.

夏，狄有亂。衛人侵狄，狄請平焉。秋，衛人及狄盟。

In summer, the Di had internal disorder. Men of Wey invaded the Di, and the Di asked for peace. In autumn men of Wey made a covenant with the Di.

冬，晉文公卒。庚辰，將殯於曲沃，出絳，柩有聲如牛。卜偃使大夫拜。曰：“君命大事。將有西師過軼我，擊之，必大捷焉。”杞子自鄭使告於秦，曰：“鄭人使我掌其北門之管，若潛師以來，國可得也。”穆公訪諸蹇叔，蹇叔曰：“勞師以襲遠，非所聞也。師勞力竭，遠主備之，無乃不可乎！師之所為，鄭必知之。勤而無所，必有悖心。且行千里，其誰不知？”公辭焉。召孟明、西乞、白乙，使出師於東門之外。蹇叔哭之，曰：“孟子，吾見師之出而不見其入也。”

In winter, Duke Wen of Jin died. On the gengchen day, as the coffin was about to be taken to Quwo for interim burial, after leaving the city of Jiang a sound like the lowing of an ox came from within the coffin. Bu Yan had the grand officers kneel and bow, saying: "The ruler has issued a great command. An army from the west will cross our borders; strike it, and we will surely win a great victory." Qi Zi sent word from Zheng to Qin, saying: "The men of Zheng have put me in charge of the keys to the north gate; if you secretly send an army, the capital can be taken." Duke Mu consulted Jian Shu, and Jian Shu said: "To tire out the army to attack a distant place is not something I have heard of. When the army is weary and its strength exhausted, and the distant host has prepared, surely it cannot succeed! Zheng is sure to learn of the army's movements. If you toil and gain nothing, rebellious thoughts will surely arise. Moreover, an army going a thousand li, who would not know?" Duke Mu refused. He summoned Meng Ming, Xi Qi and Bai Yi and had them march out from outside the east gate. Jian Shu wept as he saw them off, saying: "Master Meng, I see the army going out but I shall not see it come back."

公使謂之曰：“爾何知？中壽，爾墓之木拱矣。”蹇叔之子與師，哭而送之，曰：“晉人御師必於殽。殽有二陵焉。其南陵，夏後皋之墓也；其北陵，文王之所闢風雨也。必死是間，餘收爾骨焉。”秦師遂東。

Duke Mu sent someone to say to him: "What do you know? If you had lived only to a middle age, the trees on your grave would be a full armspan thick by now." Jian Shu's son was with the army, and Jian Shu wept as he saw him off, saying: "The men of Jin will surely resist our army at Xiao. Xiao has two hills. The southern hill is the tomb of Gao, a ruler of the Xia; the northern hill is where King Wen sheltered from wind and rain. You will surely die between those two hills, and I will come to collect your bones." The Qin army then marched east.

【經】三十有三年春王二月，秦人入滑。齊侯使國歸父來聘。夏四月辛巳，晉人及姜戎敗秦師於殽。癸巳，葬晉文公。狄侵齊。公伐邾，取訾婁。秋，公子遂帥師伐邾。晉人敗狄於箕。冬十月，公如齊。十有二月，公至自齊。乙巳，公薨於小寢。隕霜不殺草。李梅實。晉人、陳人、鄭人伐許。

[Classic] In the thirty-third year, in spring, in the second month by the Zhou calendar, men of Qin entered Hua. The Marquis of Qi sent Guo Guifu to make a visit. In summer, in the fourth month, on the xinsi day, men of Jin and the Jiang Rong defeated the Qin army at Xiao. On the guisi day, Duke Wen of Jin was buried. The Di invaded Qi. Duke Xi attacked Zhu and took Zilou. In autumn Prince Sui led an army to attack Zhu. Men of Jin defeated the Di at Ji. In winter, in the tenth month, Duke Xi went to Qi. In the twelfth month, Duke Xi returned from Qi. On the yisi day, Duke Xi died in the minor chamber. Frost fell but did not kill the plants. Plum and apricot trees bore fruit. Men of Jin, Chen and Zheng attacked Xu.

【傳】三十三年春，秦師過周北門，左右免冑而下。超乘者三百乘。王孫滿尚幼，觀之，言於王曰：“秦師輕而無禮，必敗。輕則寡謀，無禮則脫。入險而脫。又不能謀，能無敗乎？”及滑，鄭商人弦高將市於周，遇之。以乘韋先，牛十二犒師，曰：“寡君聞吾子將步師出於敝邑，敢犒從者，不腆敝邑，為從者之淹，居則具一日之積，行則備一夕之衛。”且使遽告於鄭。鄭穆公使視客館，則束載、厲兵、秣馬矣。使皇武子辭焉，曰：“吾子淹久於敝邑，唯是脯資餼牽竭矣。為吾子之將行也，鄭之有原圃，猶秦之有具囿也。吾子取其麋鹿以閒敝邑，若何？”杞子奔齊，逢孫、揚孫奔宋。孟明曰：“鄭有備矣，不可冀也。

[Commentary] In the spring of the thirty-third year, when the Qin army passed the north gate of the Zhou court, the men on the left and right took off their helmets and got down from their chariots. Then they leapt back onto their chariots; there were three hundred chariots in all. Wangsun Man was still young and, having watched, said to the Son of Heaven: "The Qin army is frivolous and discourteous and will surely be defeated. Frivolity means little planning, and discourtesy means carelessness. To enter a dangerous place carelessly and be unable to plan, can they avoid defeat?" When the army reached Hua, Xian Gao, a merchant of Zheng who was about to go to Zhou to trade, met them. He first presented four tanned ox hides, then twelve oxen to reward the army, saying: "My ruler has heard that you are about to march through our humble city, and dares to reward your followers. Though our humble city is not rich, because your followers will stay for a long time, we will prepare one day's supplies for those who stay and one night's guard for those who leave." He also sent someone to report urgently to Zheng. Duke Mu of Zheng sent someone to look at the guesthouse, and they had already bundled their baggage, sharpened their weapons and fed their horses. He sent Huang Wuzi to decline with thanks, saying: "You have stayed a long time in our humble city, and the dried meat, grain and livestock are exhausted. Since you are about to leave, Zheng has the Yuanpu, as Qin has the Juyou; you may take deer there yourselves, to give our humble city some relief, how would that be?" Qi Zi fled to Qi, and Feng Sun and Yang Sun fled to Song. Meng Ming said: "Zheng has prepared and cannot be counted on.

攻之不克，圍之不繼，吾其還也。”滅滑而還。

(Meng Ming continued:) "If we attack it we cannot win, and if we besiege it we have no reinforcements; let us go back." After destroying Hua, they returned.

齊國莊子來聘，自郊勞至於贈賄，禮成而加之以敏。臧文仲言於公曰：“國子為政，齊猶有禮，君其朝焉。臣聞之，服於有禮，社稷之衛也。”

Guo Zhuangzi of Qi came to make a visit, and from the welcome in the suburbs to the presentation of goods the ritual was completed and quick-witted besides. Zang Wenzhong said to Duke Xi: "Guozi is in power, and Qi still has ritual; you had better go and pay court. I have heard that to follow a state with ritual is the protection of the altars of the soil and grain."

晉原軫曰：“秦違蹇叔，而以貪勤民，天奉我也。奉不可失，敵不可縱。縱敵患生，違天不祥。必伐秦師。”欒枝曰：“未報秦施而伐其師，其為死君乎？”先軫曰：“秦不哀吾喪而伐吾同姓，秦則無禮，何施之為？吾聞之，一日縱敵，數世之患也。謀及子孫，可謂死君乎？”遂發命，遽興姜戎。子墨衰絰，梁弘御戎，萊駒為右。

Yuan Zhen of Jin said: "Qin has disobeyed Jian Shu and toils its people out of greed; this is a gift from Heaven to us. A gift from Heaven must not be lost, and an enemy must not be let go. If we let the enemy go, misfortune will arise; if we disobey Heaven, it will be inauspicious. We must attack the Qin army." Luan Zhi said: "If we attack its army before repaying Qin's kindness, is there still a late ruler in our hearts?" Xian Zhen said: "Qin did not mourn our bereavement but attacked our kinsman state; it is Qin that is discourteous, so what kindness is there? I have heard: One day of letting the enemy go becomes several generations of calamity. To plan for one's descendants, can it be said that one forgets the dead ruler?" So he issued the order and quickly mobilized the Jiang Rong. Duke Xiang dyed his mourning garments black, Liang Hong drove the war chariot, and Lai Ju served as the spearman on the right.

夏四月辛巳，敗秦師於殽，獲百里孟明視、西乞術、白乙丙以歸，遂墨以葬文公。晉於是始墨。

In summer, in the fourth month, on the xinsi day, they defeated the Qin army at Xiao, captured Baili Mengmingshi, Xi Qishu and Bai Yibing and brought them back, and then buried Duke Wen in black mourning garments. From this time Jin began to use black mourning garments.

文嬴請三帥，曰：“彼實構吾二君，寡君若得而食之，不厭，君何辱討焉！使歸就戮於秦，以逞寡君之志，若何？”公許之，先軫朝。問秦囚。公曰：“夫人請之，吾舍之矣。”先軫怒曰：“武伕力而拘諸原，婦人暫而免諸國。墮軍實而長寇仇，亡無日矣。”不顧而唾。公使陽處父追之，及諸河，則在舟中矣。釋左驂，以公命贈孟明。孟明稽首曰：“君之惠，不以累臣釁鼓，使歸就戮於秦，寡君之以為戮，死且不朽。若從君惠而免之，三年將拜君賜。”

Wen Ying pleaded for the three commanders, saying: "In truth they sowed discord between our two rulers; if my lord caught them, he would not be satisfied even by eating them, so why trouble yourself to punish them! Let them go back and receive punishment in Qin, to satisfy my lord's heart; how would that be?" Duke Xiang agreed. Xian Zhen came to court and asked about the Qin prisoners. Duke Xiang said: "The Lady pleaded for them and I let them go." Xian Zhen became angry and said: "The warriors exerted themselves to the utmost in the fields to capture them, and a woman pardoned them in an instant in the capital. This ruins the army's achievements and helps the enemy; the fall of the state is not many days off." Without looking back, he spat. Duke Xiang sent Yang Chufu to chase them, and when he reached the Yellow River they were already in a boat. He untied the left outer horse and, in the name of Duke Xiang, presented it to Meng Ming. Meng Ming bowed his head to the ground and said: "By your lord's kindness, you did not use your captive subjects to smear the drum with blood, and let us go back to be punished in Qin. If my lord kills us, we will die without regret. If, through your lord's kindness, we are pardoned, in three years we will come to thank you for your gift."

秦伯素服郊次，鄉師而哭曰：“孤違蹇叔以辱二三子，孤之罪也。不替孟明，孤之過也。大夫何罪？且吾不以一眚掩大德。”

The Earl of Qin, wearing plain clothes, waited in the suburbs, and weeping toward the army said: "I disobeyed Jian Shu and brought disgrace to you all; that is my fault. That I did not replace Meng Ming is my mistake. What crime have the grand officers committed? Moreover I will not let one mistake cover over great virtue."

狄侵齊，因晉喪也。

The Di invaded Qi, taking advantage of the mourning in Jin.

公伐邾，取訾婁，以報升陘之役。邾人不設備。秋，襄仲復伐邾。

Duke Xi attacked Zhu and took Zilou, in revenge for the battle of Shengxing. The men of Zhu had made no preparations. In autumn, Xiangzhong attacked Zhu again.

狄伐晉，及箕。八月戊子，晉侯敗狄於箕。郤缺獲白狄子。先軫曰：“匹夫逞志於君而無討，敢不自討乎？”免冑入狄師，死焉。狄人歸其元，面如生。

The Di attacked Jin and reached Ji. In the eighth month, on the wuzi day, the Marquis of Jin defeated the Di at Ji. Xi Que captured the chief of the White Di. Xian Zhen said: "A common man was impudent before the ruler and was not punished; dare I not punish myself?" He took off his helmet and charged into the Di army and died there. The Di returned his head, and its face looked as if he were alive.

初，臼季使過冀，見冀缺耨，其妻饁之。敬，相待如賓。與之歸，言諸文公曰：“敬，德之聚也。能敬必有德，德以治民，君請用之。臣聞之，出門如賓，承事如祭，仁之則也。”公曰：“其父有罪，可乎？”對曰：“舜之罪也殛鯀，其舉也興禹。管敬仲，桓之賊也，實相以濟。《康誥》曰：‘父不慈，子不祗，兄不友，弟不共，不相及也。’《詩》曰：‘採葑採菲，無以下體。’君取節焉可也。”文公以為下軍大夫。反自箕，襄公以三命命先且居將中軍，以再命命先茅之縣賞胥臣曰：“舉郤缺，子之功也。”以一命命郤缺為卿，復與之冀，亦未有軍行。

Earlier, when Jiu Ji went on a mission and passed through Ji, he saw Ji Que weeding, and his wife brought him food. They were respectful, treating each other like guests. Jiu Ji took him back with him and said to Duke Wen: "Respect is the gathering of virtue. One who can be respectful must have virtue, and virtue is what is used to govern the people; please employ him. I have heard: Going out as if meeting a guest and undertaking affairs as if making a sacrifice, this is the rule of benevolence." Duke Wen said: "His father had a crime, is that acceptable?" Jiu Ji replied: "What Shun punished was killing Gun, and what he promoted was employing Yu. Guan Jingzhong was Duke Huan's enemy, yet it was in fact by his help that Duke Huan accomplished things. The 'Announcement to Kang' says: 'A father who is not kind, a son who is not respectful, an elder brother who is not friendly, a younger brother who is not deferential, are not to implicate one another.' The Book of Songs says: 'Gathering turnips and radishes, do not discard them for the root and stem being poor.' You need only take his strengths." Duke Wen made him a grand officer of the Lower Army. On returning from Ji, Duke Xiang appointed Xian Qieju with three commands to lead the Central Army, and gave Xu Chen the district of Xian Mao with a second command, saying: "Recommending Xi Que was your merit." He appointed Xi Que a minister with one command and gave him back the land of Ji, though still without a military post.

冬，公如齊，朝，且吊有狄師也。反，薨於小寢，即安也。

In winter, Duke Xi went to Qi to pay court and also to condole on the war with the Di. After returning, he died in the minor chamber, which was seeking ease.

晉、陳、鄭伐許，討其貳於楚也。

Jin, Chen and Zheng attacked Xu, to punish it for being two-faced toward Chu.

楚令尹子上侵陳、蔡。陳、蔡成，遂伐鄭，將納公子瑕，門於桔柣之門。

Zishang, prime minister of Chu, invaded Chen and Cai. Chen and Cai made peace, so he attacked Zheng, planning to send Prince Xia in, and attacked the gate of Jiezhi.

瑕覆於周氏之汪，外僕髡屯禽之以獻。文夫人斂而葬之鄶城之下。

Xia's chariot overturned in the Zhou clan's pond, and Kun Tun, an outside servant, seized him and presented him. Lady Wen had him placed in the coffin and buried him below the city of Kuai.

晉陽處父侵蔡，楚子上救之，與晉師夾泜而軍。陽子患之，使謂子上曰：“吾聞之，文不犯順，武不違敵。子若欲戰，則吾退舍，子濟而陳，遲速唯命，不然紓我。老師費財，亦無益也。”乃駕以待。子上欲涉，大孫伯曰：“不可。

Yang Chufu of Jin invaded Cai, and Zishang of Chu came to rescue it, camping across the Zhi River from the Jin army. Master Yang was worried about this and sent someone to say to Zishang: "I have heard: Those with cultural virtue do not offend what accords with reason, and those with martial virtue do not avoid the enemy. If you wish to fight, I will withdraw thirty li, and you can cross the river and form ranks, with speed and delay at your command alone; otherwise, let me have some time. If the army is worn out and goods are spent, there is no benefit either." So he harnessed his chariots and waited. Zishang wanted to cross the river, but Da Sunbo said: "No.

晉人無信，半涉而薄我，悔敗何及，不如紓之。”乃退舍。陽子宣言曰：“楚師遁矣。”遂歸。楚師亦歸。大子商臣譖子上曰：“受晉賂而闢之，楚之恥也，罪莫大焉。”王殺子上。

(Da Sunbo continued:) "The men of Jin have no good faith; if they attack us when we are half across, how could regret in defeat come in time? It would be better to let them have some time." So he withdrew thirty li. Master Yang announced: "The Chu army has fled." He then went back. The Chu army also went back. The crown prince Shangchen slandered Zishang, saying: "To accept goods from Jin and avoid them is a disgrace to Chu, and no crime is greater." The King of Chu killed Zishang.

葬僖公，緩作主，非禮也。凡君薨，卒哭而祔，祔而作主，特祀於主，烝嘗禘於廟。

Duke Xi was buried, and the spirit tablet was made late, which was contrary to ritual. In all cases when a ruler dies, after the end of the wailing the fu sacrifice is made, after the fu sacrifice the spirit tablet is made, sacrifices are made alone to the tablet, and the zheng, chang and di sacrifices are held in the ancestral temple.