Duke Wen (Years 1 to 18)

【傳】六年春，晉蒐於夷，舍二軍。使狐射姑將中軍，趙盾佐之。陽處父至自溫，改蒐於董，易中軍。陽子，成季之屬也，故黨於趙氏，且謂趙盾能，曰：“使能，國之利也。”是以上之。宣子於是乎始為國政，制事典，正法罪。闢獄刑，董逋逃。由質要，治舊汙，本秩禮，續常職，出滯淹。既成，以授大傅陽子與大師賈佗，使行諸晉國，以為常法。

[Commentary] In the spring of the sixth year, Jin held a great review at Yi and cut two armies. Hu Shegu was to command the Central Army, assisted by Zhao Dun. Yang Chufu came back from Wen and had a great review held again at Dong, changing the commander of the Central Army. Master Yang was a subordinate of Cheng Ji, so he favored the Zhao clan, and also thought Zhao Dun capable, saying: "Using capable men is to the benefit of the state." So he put him in the superior position. From this time Xuanzi began to manage the state's government. He set out the regulations for handling affairs, corrected the standards of punishment, handled lawsuits, supervised fugitives, used contracts and accounts, cleaned up old corruption, followed the order of ranks and ritual, continued the regular duties, and promoted those who had been buried in obscurity. When it was completed, he handed it over to the Grand Tutor Master Yang and the Grand Preceptor Jia Tuo, so they would implement it in Jin as a permanent standard.

臧文仲以陳、衛之睦也，欲求好於陳。夏，季文子聘於陳，且娶焉。

Zang Wenzhong, because Chen and Wey were on good terms, wanted to form a friendship with Chen. In summer, Ji Wenzi went to Chen to make a visit, and also took a wife.

秦伯任好卒。以子車氏之三子奄息、仲行、針虎為殉。皆秦之良也。國人哀之，為之賦《黃鳥》。君子曰：“秦穆之不為盟主也，宜哉。死而棄民。先王違世，猶詒之法，而況奪之善人乎！《詩》曰：‘人之雲亡，邦國殄瘁。’無善人之謂。若之何奪之？”古之王者知命之不長，是以並建聖哲，樹之風聲，分之採物，著之話言，為之律度，陳之藝極，引之表儀，予之法制，告之訓典，教之防利，委之常秩，道之禮則，使毋失其土宜，眾隸賴之，而後即命。聖王同之。

Ren Hao, Earl of Qin, died. Three sons of the Ziju clan, Yan Xi, Zhonghang and Qian Hu, were buried with him as human sacrifices. All three were worthy men of Qin. The people of the state mourned them and composed the ode "Yellow Birds" for them. The gentleman said: "It is only right that Duke Mu of Qin could not become leader of the covenant. At his death he abandoned his people. When the former kings died, they still left behind laws and standards; how much less should one take away good men! The Odes say: 'When the worthy perish, the state is left in distress.' This speaks of a state without good men. Why, then, take them away as well?" The kings of old, knowing that their lives would not be long, therefore set up sages and wise men at the same time. They established customs and moral teaching, distributed banners and robes among them, recorded their words in writing, made laws for them, displayed norms, guided their bearing, gave them regulations, told them the canons and instructions, taught them to guard against greed for gain, entrusted them with regular duties, and taught them the rules of ritual, so that they would not lose what was suitable in each region. The multitude relied on them, and only then did the kings pass away. All the sage kings were like this.

今縱無法以遺後嗣，而又收其良以死，難以在上矣。君子是以知秦之不復東征也。

(The gentleman continued:) "Now, not only has he left no laws for his descendants, but he has also taken the worthy to die with him. It will be hard for him to remain in the high position." From this the gentleman knew that Qin would not again march east to campaign.

秋，季文子將聘於晉，使求遭喪之禮以行。其人曰：“將焉用之？”文子曰：“備豫不虞，古之善教也。求而無之，實難，過求何害？”八月乙亥，晉襄公卒。靈公少，晉人以難故，欲立長君。趙孟曰：“立公子雍。好善而長，先君愛之，且近於秦。秦，舊好也。置善則固，事長則順，立愛則孝，結舊則安。為難故，故欲立長君，有此四德者，難必抒矣。”賈季曰：“不如立公子樂。辰嬴嬖於二君，立其子，民必安之。”趙孟曰：“辰嬴賤，班在九人，其子何震之有？且為二嬖，淫也。為先君子，不能求大而出在小國，闢也。母淫子闢，無威。陳小而遠，無援。將何安焉？杜祁以君故，讓偪姞而上之，以狄故，讓季隗而己次之，故班在四。先君是以愛其子而仕諸秦，為亞卿焉。

In autumn, Ji Wenzi was about to make a courtesy visit to Jin, and had men look up the rites for meeting with a death before setting out. His attendants said: "What is the use of that?" Wenzi said: "Preparing against the unexpected is a good lesson from antiquity. It is hard to be in need and have nothing at hand; what harm is there in seeking a little more?" On the yihai day of the eighth month, Duke Xiang of Jin died. The Duke Ling was young, and because of the troubles the people of Jin wanted to set up an older ruler. Zhao Meng said: "Set up Prince Yong. He loves goodness and is older, was favored by the late lord, and is near Qin. Qin is an old friend. To place a good man is to be secure, to serve an elder is to follow what is proper, to set up one who was loved is filial, and to ally with an old friend is to be at peace. Because of the troubles we want an elder ruler; with these four virtues the troubles can surely be eased." Jia Ji said: "It would be better to set up Prince Le. Chen Ying was favored by two rulers; if we set up her son, the people will surely be at peace." Zhao Meng said: "Chen Ying was lowly, ranked ninth; what prestige can her son have? Moreover, to be the favored concubine of two rulers is licentious. For a son of the former lord to be unable to seek a great state and instead to go out to a small one is perverse. With a licentious mother and a perverse son there is no prestige. Chen is small and far, with no support; how could he be secured? Du Qi, for the sake of the ruler, let Bi Ji take the higher place, and for the sake of the Di, let Ji Wei take it while she herself ranked below, so her rank was fourth. For this the former lord loved her son and had him serve in Qin as a lesser minister.

秦大而近，足以為援，母義子愛，足以威民，立之不亦可乎？”使先蔑、士會如秦，逆公子雍。賈季亦使召公子樂於陳。趙孟使殺諸郫。賈季怨陽子之易其班也，而知其無援於晉也。九月，賈季使續鞫居殺陽處父。書曰：“晉殺其大夫。”侵官也。

(Zhao Meng continued:) "Qin is large and near enough to serve as support; his mother has righteousness and he is loved, enough to awe the people. Would it not be acceptable to set him up?" He sent Xian Mie and Shi Hui to Qin to welcome Prince Yong. Jia Ji also sent men to summon Prince Le from Chen. Zhao Meng had Prince Le killed at Pi. Jia Ji resented Yangzi for changing his rank, and knew that he had no support in Jin. In the ninth month, Jia Ji sent Xu Juju to kill Yang Chufu. The Spring and Autumn Annals records: "Jin killed its grand officer." This is because he had usurped another's office.

冬十月，襄仲如晉。葬襄公。

In winter, in the tenth month, Xiang Zhong went to Jin to attend the burial of Duke Xiang.

十一月丙寅，晉殺續簡伯。賈季奔狄。宣子使臾駢送其帑。夷之蒐，賈季戮臾駢，臾駢之人慾盡殺賈氏以報焉。臾駢曰：“不可。吾聞《前志》有之曰：‘敵惠敵怨，不在後嗣’，忠之道也。夫子禮於賈季，我以其寵報私怨，無乃不可乎？介人之寵，非勇也。損怨益仇，非知也。以私害公，非忠也。釋此三者，何以事夫子？”盡具其帑，與其器用財賄，親帥扞之，送致諸竟。

On the bingyin day of the eleventh month, Jin killed Xu Jianbo. Jia Ji fled to the Di. Xuanzi sent Yu Pian to escort his household. At the great hunt at Yi, Jia Ji had insulted Yu Pian, and Yu Pian's men wanted to kill all of the Jia clan in revenge. Yu Pian said: "No. I have heard that the Former Records say: 'Favors and grudges alike do not reach to descendants.' This is the principle of loyalty. That gentleman treated Jia Ji with courtesy; if I relied on his trust to avenge a private grudge, would it not be wrong? To borrow another's trust is not courage. To reduce resentment but increase enmity is not wisdom. To harm the public for a private end is not loyalty. If I cast aside these three, with what shall I serve him?" He gathered Jia Ji's household, utensils and goods, personally led them under guard, and escorted them to the border.

閏月不告朔，非禮也。閏以正時，時以作事，事以厚生，生民之道，於是乎在矣。不告閏朔，棄時政也，何以為民？

Not holding the announcement of the new moon in an intercalary month is contrary to ritual. The intercalary month serves to correct the seasons, the seasons serve to carry out affairs, and affairs serve to make the people's livelihood abundant; the way of nourishing the people lies here. Not performing the announcement of the intercalary month abandons the governance of the seasons; with what then can one govern the people?

【經】七年春，公伐邾。三月甲戌，取須句。遂城郚。夏四月，宋公王臣卒。宋人殺其大夫。戊子，晉人及秦人戰於令狐。晉先蔑奔秦。狄侵我西鄙。秋八月，公會諸侯、晉大夫盟於扈。冬，徐伐莒。公孫敖如莒蒞盟。

[Classic] In the seventh year, spring, Duke Wen attacked Zhu. In the third month, on the jiaxu day, he took Xuju. He then fortified Wu. In summer, in the fourth month, Wang Chen, Duke of Song, died. The people of Song killed one of their grand officers. On the wuzi day, the people of Jin and the people of Qin fought at Linghu. Xian Mie of Jin fled to Qin. The Di raided our western border. In autumn, in the eighth month, the duke made a covenant at Hu with the lords and the grand officer of Jin. In winter, Xu attacked Ju. Gongsun Ao went to Ju to take part in the covenant.

【傳】七年春，公伐邾。間晉難也。

[Commentary] In the seventh year, spring, Duke Wen attacked Zhu. This was exploiting the troubles of Jin.

三月甲戌，取須句，置文公子焉，非禮也。

In the third month, on the jiaxu day, he took Xuju and settled the duke's son there. This was contrary to ritual.

夏四月，宋成公卒。於是公子成為右師，公孫友左師，樂豫為司馬，鱗矔為司徒，公子蕩為司城，華御事為司寇。

In summer, in the fourth month, Duke Cheng of Song died. At the time Prince Cheng was Master of the Right, Gongsun You was Master of the Left, Yue Yu was Minister of War, Lin Guan was Minister of the Masses, Prince Dang was Minister of Works, and Hua Yushi was Minister of Crime.

昭公將去群公子，樂豫曰：“不可。公族，公室之枝葉也，若去之則本根無所庇廕矣。葛藟猶能庇其本根，故君子以為比，況國君乎？此諺所謂庇焉而縱尋斧焉者也。必不可，君其圖之。親之以德，皆股肱也，誰敢攜貳？若之何去之？”不聽。穆、襄之族率國人以攻公，殺公孫固、公孫鄭於公宮。六卿和公室，樂豫舍司馬以讓公子卬，昭公即位而葬。書曰：“宋人殺其大夫。”不稱名，眾也，且言非其罪也。

Duke Zhao wanted to remove the princes. Yue Yu said: "It cannot be done. The ducal clan is the branches and leaves of the ducal house; if one removes them, the root has no shelter. Even the ge vine can still shelter its root, and so the gentleman uses it as a comparison; how much more so for a ruler? This is what the proverb calls 'relying on it for shelter and then taking an axe to it.' It certainly cannot be done; please consider it. Draw them close with virtue and they will all be your limbs; who would dare to have a divided heart? Why remove them?" Duke Zhao did not listen. The kinsmen of Dukes Mu and Xiang led the people of the capital to attack Duke Zhao, and killed Gongsun Gu and Gongsun Zheng in the ducal palace. The six ministers made peace with the ducal house, and Yue Yu gave up the post of Minister of War to Prince Ang. After Duke Zhao's accession he held the funeral. The Annals records: "The people of Song killed one of their grand officers." It does not give the names, because there were many and to show that they were without guilt.

秦康公送公子雍於晉，曰：“文公之入也無衛，故有呂、郤之難。”乃多與之徒衛。穆贏日抱大子以啼於朝，曰：“先君何罪？其嗣亦何罪？舍適嗣不立而外求君，將焉置此？”出朝，則抱以適趙氏，頓首於宣子曰：“先君奉此子也而屬諸子，曰：‘此子也才，吾受子之賜；不才，吾唯子之怨。’今君雖終，言猶在耳，而棄之，若何？”宣子與諸大夫皆患穆嬴，且畏逼，乃背先蔑而立靈公，以御秦師。箕鄭居守。趙盾將中軍，先克佐之。荀林父佐上軍。先蔑將下軍，先都佐之。步招御戎，戎津為右。及堇陰，宣子曰：“我若受秦，秦則賓也；不受，寇也。既不受矣，而復緩師，秦將生心。先人有奪人之心，軍之善謀也。逐寇如追逃，軍之善政也。”訓卒利兵，秣馬蓐食，潛師夜起。戊子，敗秦師於令狐，至於刳首。己丑，先蔑奔秦。士會從之。

Duke Kang of Qin escorted Prince Yong to Jin, saying: "When Duke Wen entered his state he had no guards, and so there was the trouble of Lu and Xi." He therefore gave him many foot-soldier guards. Mu Ying carried the crown prince every day to weep in the court, saying: "What crime did the late lord commit? What crime did his heir commit? Putting aside the rightful heir and seeking a ruler abroad, where will you put this child?" Leaving the court, she carried him to the house of the Zhao clan and kowtowed to Xuanzi, saying: "The late lord entrusted this child to you, saying: 'If this child has ability, I will receive your reward; if he has none, I will resent only you.' Now although the ruler has died, his words are still in our ears, yet you abandon him; what is to be done?" Xuanzi and the grand officers all worried about Mu Ying and feared being pressed, and so they went back on Xian Mie, set up Duke Ling, and resisted the Qin army. Ji Zheng stayed behind to guard. Zhao Dun commanded the central army, with Xian Ke assisting. Xun Linfu assisted the upper army. Xian Mie commanded the lower army, with Xian Du assisting. Bu Zhao drove the chariot, and Rong Jin was the spearman on the right. On reaching Jinyin, Xuanzi said: "If we accept the man Qin has sent, Qin is our guest; if we do not accept him, it is an enemy. Having already declined to accept him, if we are slow to send troops, Qin will form ambitions. Striking first can take away the enemy's spirit; this is a good plan in warfare. Pursuing an enemy as one chases fugitives is good policy in warfare." They drilled the soldiers, sharpened weapons, fed the horses, ate early, and secretly marched out by night. On the wuzi day, they defeated the Qin army at Linghu, pursuing it as far as Kushou. On the jichou day, Xian Mie fled to Qin. Shi Hui followed him.

先蔑之使也，荀林父止之，曰：“夫人、大子猶在，而外求君，此必不行。

When Xian Mie was about to go on his mission, Xun Linfu stopped him, saying: "The consort and the crown prince are still here, yet you would seek a ruler abroad; this certainly cannot work.

子以疾辭，若何？不然，將及。攝卿以往可也，何必子？同官為寮，吾嘗同寮，敢不盡心乎！”弗聽。為賦《板》之三章。又弗聽。及亡，荀伯盡送其帑及其器用財賄於秦，曰：“為同寮故也。”

(Xun Linfu continued:) "What if you plead illness and decline? Otherwise disaster will reach you. You can send an acting minister to go; why must you go yourself? Colleagues are called liao; I was once your colleague; how dare I not do my utmost!" Xian Mie did not listen. Xun Linfu recited for him the third stanza of the ode "Ban." Again he did not listen. When Xian Mie fled, Xun Bo sent all his household, utensils and goods to Qin, saying: "It is because we were colleagues."

士會在秦三年，不見士伯。其人曰：“能亡人於國，不能見於此，焉用之？”士季曰：“吾與之同罪，非義之也，將何見焉？”及歸，遂不見。

Shi Hui was in Qin for three years and did not go to see Shi Bo. His followers said: "You could flee your own state together with him, yet you cannot meet him here; what is the use of that?" Shi Ji said: "He and I are equally guilty; it is not that I think him righteous. What would I see him for?" When he returned to his own state, he never went to see him.

狄侵我西鄙，公使告於晉。趙宣子使因賈季問酆舒，且讓之。酆舒問於賈季曰：“趙衰、趙盾孰賢？”對曰：“趙衰，冬日之日也。趙盾，夏日之日也。”

The Di raided our western border, and Duke Wen sent word to Jin. Zhao Xuanzi had Jia Ji put questions to Feng Shu and reproach him. Feng Shu asked Jia Ji: "Which is the worthier, Zhao Shuai or Zhao Dun?" Jia Ji replied: "Zhao Shuai is the winter sun. Zhao Dun is the summer sun."

秋八月，齊侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、許男、曹伯會晉趙盾盟於扈，晉侯立故也。公後至，故不書所會。凡會諸侯，不書所會，後也。後至，不書其國，闢不敏也。

In autumn, in the eighth month, the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Baron of Xu and the Earl of Cao met Zhao Dun of Jin and made a covenant at Hu, because the Marquis of Jin had come to the throne. Duke Wen arrived late, and so the Annals does not record who attended. Whenever lords assemble and the attendees are not recorded, it is because of late arrival. When someone arrives late and his state is not recorded, this is to avoid confusion.

穆伯娶於莒，曰戴己，生文伯，其娣聲己生惠叔。戴己卒，又聘於莒，莒人以聲己辭，則為襄仲聘焉。

Mu Bo took a wife in Ju, called Dai Ji, who bore Wen Bo; her younger sister Sheng Ji bore Hui Shu. When Dai Ji died, he went to Ju again to seek a bride; the people of Ju declined on the ground of Sheng Ji, and so sought a bride for Xiang Zhong.

冬，徐伐莒。莒人來請盟。穆伯如莒蒞盟，且為仲逆。及鄢陵。登城見之，美，自為娶之。仲請攻之，公將許之。叔仲惠伯諫曰：“臣聞之，兵作於內為亂，於外為寇，寇猶及人，亂自及也。今臣作亂而君不禁，以啟寇仇，若之何？”公止之，惠伯成之。使仲舍之，公孫敖反之，復為兄弟如初。從之。

In winter, Xu attacked Ju. The people of Ju came to ask for a covenant. Mu Bo went to Ju to take part in the covenant and also to fetch the bride for Xiang Zhong. On reaching Yanling, he climbed the wall and saw her, found her beautiful, and took her himself. Xiang Zhong asked to attack him, and Duke Wen was about to agree. Shu Zhong Huibo remonstrated: "Your servant has heard: when weapons move within, it is disorder; when abroad, it is banditry. Banditry falls on others, but disorder falls on oneself. Now ministers are causing disorder and the ruler does not stop them, thereby inviting enemies; what is to be done?" The duke stopped it, and Huibo mediated between them. Xiang Zhong gave her up, Gongsun Ao sent her back, and the brothers were again as they had been at first. Both sides agreed.

晉郤缺言於趙宣子曰：“日衛不睦，故取其地，今已睦矣，可以歸之。叛而不討，何以示威？服而不柔，何以示懷？非威非懷，何以示德？無德，何以主盟？子為正卿，以主諸侯，而不務德，將若之何？《夏書》曰：‘戒之用休，董之用威，勸之以《九歌》，勿使壞。’九功之德皆可歌也，謂之九歌。六府、三事，謂之九功。水、火、金、木、土、谷，謂之六府。正德、利用、厚生，謂之三事。

Xi Que of Jin said to Zhao Xuanzi: "Formerly Wei was not at peace, so we seized its land; now it is at peace, and we can return it. If we do not punish those who rebel, how shall we show our might? If we do not comfort those who submit, how shall we show our gentleness? Without might or gentleness, how shall we show virtue? Without virtue, on what basis can we lead the covenant? You are the chief minister and preside over the affairs of the lords; if you do not devote yourself to virtue, what will you do? The Book of Xia says: 'Encourage with what is good, supervise with awe, urge on with the Nine Songs, and let nothing be spoiled.' The virtues of the nine achievements can all be sung, and are called the Nine Songs. The six stores and three affairs are called the nine achievements. Water, fire, metal, wood, earth and grain are called the six stores. Rectifying virtue, making implements convenient, and making the people's livelihood abundant are called the three affairs.

義而行之，謂之德、禮。無禮不樂，所由叛也。若吾子之德莫可歌也，其誰來之？盍使睦者歌吾子乎？”宣子說之。

(Xi Que continued:) "Acting according to righteousness is called virtue and ritual. Without ritual there is no joy, and rebellion comes from this. If your virtue has nothing that can be sung, who will still come to you? Why not let those at peace sing of you?" Xuanzi was pleased.

【經】八年春王正月。夏四月。秋八月戊申，天王崩。冬十月壬午，公子遂會晉趙盾盟于衡雍。乙酉，公子遂會洛戎盟於暴。公孫敖如京師，不至而復。丙戌，奔莒。螽。宋人殺其大夫司馬。宋司城來奔。

[Classic] In the eighth year, spring, the first month by the Zhou royal calendar. In summer, the fourth month. In autumn, on the wushen day of the eighth month, the Son of Heaven died. In winter, on the renwu day of the tenth month, Prince Sui made a covenant with Zhao Dun of Jin at Hengyong. On the yiyou day, Prince Sui made a covenant with the Luo Rong at Bao. Gongsun Ao went to the capital but turned back before arriving. On the bingxu day he fled to Ju. There was a plague of locusts. The people of Song killed their Minister of War. The Minister of Works of Song came as a refugee.

【傳】八年春，晉侯使解揚歸匡、戚之田於衛，且復致公婿池之封，自申至於虎牢之竟。

[Commentary] In the eighth year, spring, the Marquis of Jin sent Xie Yang to return the lands of Kuang and Qi to Wei, and also reassigned the fief of Gongxu Chi, from Shen as far as the Hulao border.

夏，秦人伐晉，取武城，以報令狐之役。

In summer, the people of Qin attacked Jin and took Wucheng, in revenge for the battle of Linghu.

秋，襄王崩。

In autumn, King Xiang died.

晉人以扈之盟來討。冬，襄仲會晉趙孟，盟于衡雍，報扈之盟也，遂會伊洛之戎。書曰“公子遂”，珍之也。

The people of Jin came to take action because of the covenant at Hu. In winter, Xiang Zhong met Zhao Meng of Jin and made a covenant at Hengyong, in return for the covenant at Hu, and then met the Rong of the Yi and Luo rivers. The Annals records "Prince Sui," showing esteem for him.

穆伯如周弔喪，不至，以幣奔莒，從己氏焉。

Mu Bo went to the Zhou court to offer condolences, but did not arrive; taking money and silks, he fled to Ju, following Lady Ji.

宋襄夫人，襄王之姊也，昭公不禮焉。夫人因戴氏之族，以殺襄公之孫孔叔、公孫鍾離及大司馬公子卬，皆昭公之黨也。司馬握節以死，故書以官。司城蕩意諸來奔，效節於府人而出。公以其官逆之，皆復之，亦書以官，皆貴之也。

The consort of Duke Xiang of Song was the sister of King Xiang, and Duke Zhao did not treat her with ritual. Relying on the kinsmen of the Dai clan, the consort had Duke Xiang's grandson Kong Shu, Gongsun Zhongli and the Grand Minister of War Prince Ang killed; all were partisans of Duke Zhao. The Minister of War died holding his tally, and so the Annals names him by his office. The Minister of Works, Dang Yizhu, came as a refugee, returning his tally to the officer of the treasury before leaving. Duke Wen received him according to his rank; later all were restored to office, and the Annals also names them by office, in each case showing esteem.

夷之蒐，晉侯將登箕鄭父、先都，而使士縠、梁益耳將中軍。先克曰：“狐、趙之勳，不可廢也。”從之。先克奪蒯得田於堇陰。故箕鄭父、先都、士縠、梁益耳、蒯得作亂。

At the great hunt at Yi, the Marquis of Jin wanted to promote Ji Zhengfu and Xian Du, and to have Shi Gu and Liang Yi'er command the central army. Xian Ke said: "The merits of the Hu and Zhao clans cannot be set aside." This was followed. Xian Ke seized Kuai De's fields at Jinyin. Hence Ji Zhengfu, Xian Du, Shi Gu, Liang Yi'er and Kuai De rebelled.

【經】九年春，毛伯來求金。夫人姜氏如齊。二月，叔孫得臣如京師。辛丑，葬襄王。晉人殺其大夫先都。三月，夫人姜氏至自齊。晉人殺其大夫士縠及箕鄭父。楚人伐鄭。公子遂會晉人、宋人、衛人、許人救鄭。夏，狄侵齊。秋八月，曹伯襄卒。九月癸西，地震。冬，楚子使椒來聘。秦人來歸僖公、成風之襚。

[Classic] In the ninth year, spring, the Earl of Mao came to seek money. The consort, Lady Jiang, went to Qi. In the second month, Shu Sun Dechen went to the capital. On the xinchou day, King Xiang was buried. The people of Jin killed their grand officer Xian Du. In the third month, the consort, Lady Jiang, returned from Qi. The people of Jin killed their grand officers Shi Gu and Ji Zhengfu. The people of Chu attacked Zheng. Prince Sui joined the men of Jin, Song, Wei and Xu to rescue Zheng. In summer, the Di raided Qi. In autumn, in the eighth month, Xiang, Earl of Cao, died. On the guiyou day of the ninth month, there was an earthquake. (The base text has a variant form of the day name, Guiyou.) In winter, the Viscount of Chu sent Jiao on a courtesy visit. The people of Qin came to present the burial garments for Duke Xi and Chengfeng.

葬曹共公。

Duke Gong of Cao was buried.

【傳】九年春，王正月己酉，使賊殺先克。乙丑，晉人殺先都，梁益耳。

[Commentary] In the ninth year, spring, the first month by the Zhou royal calendar, on the jiyou day, men were sent to assassinate Xian Ke. On the yichou day, the people of Jin killed Xian Du and Liang Yi'er.

毛伯衛來求金，非禮也。不書王命，未葬也。

Mao Bo Wei came to seek money, which was contrary to ritual. The Annals does not record the royal command, because the king had not yet been buried.

二月，莊叔如周。葬襄王。

In the second month, Zhuang Shu went to the Zhou court and attended the burial of King Xiang.

三月甲戌，晉人殺箕鄭父、士縠、蒯得。

In the third month, on the jiaxu day, the people of Jin killed Ji Zhengfu, Shi Gu and Kuai De.

範山言於楚子曰：“晉君少，不在諸侯，北方可圖也。”楚子師於狼淵以伐鄭。囚公子堅、公子龍及樂耳。鄭及楚平。公子遂會晉趙盾、宋華耦、衛孔達、許大夫救鄭，不及楚師。卿不書，緩也，以懲不恪。

Fan Shan said to the Viscount of Chu: "The lord of Jin is young and his mind is not on the lords; the north can be attempted." The Viscount of Chu stationed his army at Langyuan and attacked Zheng. He seized Prince Jian, Prince Long and Yue Er. Zheng made peace with Chu. Prince Sui joined Zhao Dun of Jin, Hua Ou of Song, Kong Da of Wei and a grand officer of Xu to rescue Zheng, but did not catch up with the Chu army. The Annals does not record the names of the ministers, because of their slowness, as a warning against irreverence.

夏，楚侵陳，克壺丘，以其服於晉也。

In summer, Chu raided Chen and took Huqiu, because Chen had submitted to Jin.

秋，楚公子朱自東夷伐陳，陳人敗之，獲公子伐。陳懼，乃及楚平。

In autumn, Prince Zhu of Chu attacked Chen from the Eastern Yi; the people of Chen defeated him and captured Prince Fa. Chen was afraid and so made peace with Chu.

冬，楚子越椒來聘，執幣傲。叔仲惠伯曰：“是必滅若敖氏之宗。傲其先君，神弗福也。”

In winter, Zi Yuejiao of Chu came on a courtesy visit, holding the silk offering with an arrogant manner. Shu Zhong Huibo said: "This man will surely destroy the Ruoao clan. Being arrogant toward the former lord, he will not be protected by the spirits."

秦人來歸僖公、成風之襚，禮也。諸侯相吊賀也，雖不當事，苟有禮焉，書也，以無忘舊好。

The people of Qin came to present the burial garments for Duke Xi and Chengfeng, which accorded with ritual. When the lords offer condolences and congratulations to each other, even if it is not at the proper time, so long as it is done with ritual, the Annals records it, so that old friendship is not forgotten.

【經】十年春王三月辛卯，臧孫辰卒。夏，秦伐晉。楚殺其大夫宜申。自正月不雨，至於秋七月。及蘇子盟於女栗。冬，狄侵宋。楚子、蔡侯次於厥貉。

[Classic] In the tenth year, spring, the third month by the Zhou royal calendar, on the xinmao day, Zang Sun Chen died. In summer, Qin attacked Jin. Chu killed its grand officer Yi Shen. From the first month there was no rain until the seventh month of autumn. A covenant was made with the Viscount of Su at Nüli. In winter, the Di raided Song. The Viscount of Chu and the Marquis of Cai encamped at Juehe.

【傳】十年春，晉人伐秦，取少梁。

[Commentary] In the tenth year, spring, the people of Jin attacked Qin and took Shaoliang.

夏，秦伯伐晉，取北征。

In summer, the Earl of Qin attacked Jin and took Beizheng.

初，楚範巫矞似謂成王與子玉、子西曰：“三君皆將強死。”城濮之役，王思之，故使止子玉曰：“毋死。”不及。止子西，子西縊而縣絕，王使適至，遂止之，使為商公。沿漢溯江，將入郢。王在渚宮，下，見之。懼而辭曰：“臣免於死，又有讒言，謂臣將逃，臣歸死於司敗也。”王使為工尹，又與子家謀弒穆王。穆王聞之。五月殺鬥宜申及仲歸。

Earlier, the shaman Yusi of Fan in Chu had said to King Cheng, Ziyu and Zixi: "All three of you will not die a good death." After the battle of Chengpu, King Cheng remembered these words, and so sent a man to stop Ziyu, saying: "Do not die." He did not arrive in time. He stopped Zixi; Zixi had hanged himself but the rope broke, and the king's messenger happened to arrive, so he stopped him and made him Duke of Shang. He went down the Han and up the Yangtze, about to enter Ying. King Cheng was at Zhugong and came down to see him. Zixi was afraid and declined, saying: "Your servant has escaped death, but there are slanders saying that your servant is about to flee; your servant has come back to die at the hands of the Minister of Justice." King Cheng made him Master of Works, and he again plotted with Zijia to assassinate King Mu. King Mu heard of it. In the fifth month he killed Dou Yishen and Zhonggui.

秋七月，及蘇子盟於女栗，頃王立故也。

In autumn, in the seventh month, a covenant was made with the Viscount of Su at Nüli, because King Qing had come to the throne.

陳侯、鄭伯會楚子於息。冬，遂及蔡侯次於厥貉。將以伐宋。宋華御事曰：“楚欲弱我也。先為之弱乎，何必使誘我？我實不能，民何罪？”乃逆楚子，勞，且聽命。遂道以田孟諸。宋公為右盂，鄭伯為左盂。期思公復遂為右司馬，子朱及文之無畏為左司馬。命夙駕載燧，宋公違命，無畏抶其僕以徇。

The Marquis of Chen and the Earl of Zheng met the Viscount of Chu at Xi. In winter, they then encamped at Juehe with the Marquis of Cai, intending to attack Song. Hua Yushi of Song said: "Chu wants to make us show weakness. Why not show weakness ourselves first; why must we let them lure us? In truth it is we who are not up to it; what crime have the people committed?" So they welcomed the Viscount of Chu, entertained him, and received his orders. Then they guided him to hunt at Mengzhu. The Duke of Song took charge of the right wing of the hunt, and the Earl of Zheng the left. Fu Si, Duke of Qisi, was Marshal of the Right, and Zizhu and Wenzhi Wuwei were Marshals of the Left. The order was to yoke the chariots early in the morning and load the fire-making flints; the Duke of Song disobeyed the order, and Wuwei flogged his charioteer to make an example.

或謂子舟曰：“國君不可戮也。”子舟曰：“當官而行，何強之有？《詩》曰：‘剛亦不吐，柔亦不茹。’‘毋從詭隨，以謹罔極。’是亦非闢強也，敢愛死以亂官乎！”厥貉之會，麇子逃歸。

Someone said to Zizhou: "A ruler may not be insulted." Zizhou said: "Acting according to one's office, how is that showing off strength? The Odes say: 'Neither spitting out what is hard, nor swallowing what is soft.' 'Do not follow the deceitful and blindly compliant, so as to guard against having no standard.' It is also not a matter of avoiding the strong; would I dare to cherish my life and so disturb the duties of my office?" At the meeting at Juehe, the Viscount of Jun fled home.

【經】十有一年春，楚子伐麋。夏，叔仲彭生會晉郤缺於承筐。秋，曹伯來朝。公子遂如宋。狄侵齊。冬十月甲午，叔孫得臣敗狄於鹹。

[Classic] In the eleventh year, spring, the Viscount of Chu attacked Jun. In summer, Shu Zhong Pengsheng met Xi Que of Jin at Chengkuang. In autumn, the Earl of Cao came to court. Prince Sui went to Song. The Di raided Qi. In winter, on the jiawu day of the tenth month, Shu Sun Dechen defeated the Di at Xian.

【傳】十一年春，楚子伐麇，成大心敗麇師於防渚。潘崇復伐麇，至於錫穴。

[Commentary] In the eleventh year, spring, the Viscount of Chu attacked Jun, and Cheng Daxin defeated the Jun army at Fangzhu. Pan Chong attacked Jun again and reached Xixue.

夏，叔仲惠伯會晉郤缺於承筐，謀諸侯之從於楚者。

In summer, Shu Zhong Huibo met Xi Que of Jin at Chengkuang and planned against the lords who followed Chu.

秋，曹文公來朝，即位而來見也。

In autumn, Duke Wen of Cao came to court, a visit made after his accession.

襄仲聘於宋，且言司城蕩意諸而復之，因賀楚師之不害也。

Xiang Zhong made a courtesy visit to Song, and also spoke about Minister of Works Dang Yizhu and had him restored to his post; he took the occasion to congratulate Song that the Chu army had done no harm.