Duke Wen (Years 1 to 18)

卞人以告。惠叔猶毀以為請，立於朝以待命。許之，取而殯之。齊人送之。書曰：“齊人歸公孫敖之喪。”為孟氏，且國故也。葬視共仲。

The people of Bian came to report it. Hui Shu, still in mourning and wasted with grief, made his request, standing in the court awaiting the order. It was granted, and he took back the coffin and encoffined it. The people of Qi escorted the burial. The Annals records: "The people of Qi sent back the coffin of Gongsun Ao." This was for the sake of the Meng clan and also for the sake of the state. The funeral was conducted on the model of Gongzhong.

聲己不視，帷堂而哭。襄仲欲勿哭，惠伯曰：“喪，親之終也。雖不能始，善終可也。史佚有言曰：‘兄弟致美。’救乏、賀善、吊災、祭敬、喪哀，情雖不同，毋絕其愛，親之道也。子無失道，何怨於人？”襄仲說，帥兄弟以哭之。

Sheng Ji did not look at the coffin and wept behind the curtained hall. Xiang Zhong wished not to weep, but Huibo said: "Mourning is the final act toward one's kin. Even if one could not have a good beginning, a good ending is acceptable. Shi Yi has a saying: 'Brothers each do their utmost for the good.' Relieving want, congratulating joy, condoling misfortune, reverence in sacrifice, grief in mourning; though the feelings differ, do not cut off that affection; this is the way to treat kin. If you do not lose the way, why resent others?" Xiang Zhong was pleased and led his brothers to weep.

他年，其二子來，孟獻子愛之，聞於國。或譖之曰：“將殺子。”獻子以告季文子。二子曰：“夫子以愛我聞，我以將殺子聞，不亦遠於禮乎？遠禮不如死。”

Some years later, his two sons came, and Meng Xianzi loved them, as was known throughout the state. Someone slandered them, saying: "They are about to kill you." Xianzi told Ji Wenzi. The two sons said: "That man became known for loving us, but we would become known for being about to kill him; would that not be too far from ritual? To be far from ritual is worse than death."

一人門於句鼆，一人門於戾丘，皆死。

One guarded the gate of Juying, the other the gate of Liqiu, and both died.

六月辛丑朔，日有食之，鼓，用牲於社，非禮也。日有食之，天子不舉，伐鼓於社，諸侯用幣於社，伐鼓於朝，以昭事神、訓民、事君，示有等威，古之道也。

On the xinchou day of the sixth month, the first day of the month, there was a solar eclipse, and drums were beaten and victims offered at the altar of the soil, which was contrary to ritual. When there is an eclipse, the Son of Heaven reduces his meals and removes music, and beats drums at the altar of the soil; the lords offer silks at the altar of the soil and beat drums in the court, in order to make clear the service of the spirits, the instruction of the people and the service of the ruler, showing that dignity has gradations. This is the ancient way.

齊人許單伯請而赦之，使來致命。書曰：“單伯至自齊。”貴之也。

The people of Qi granted Shan Bo's request and released him, and had him come back to report. The Annals records: "Shan Bo came from Qi." This shows esteem for him.

新城之盟，蔡人不與。晉郤缺以上軍、下軍伐蔡，曰：“君弱，不可以怠。”

The people of Cai did not take part in the covenant at Xincheng. Xi Que of Jin attacked Cai with the upper and lower armies, saying: "The ruler is young; we may not be lax."

戊申，入蔡，以城下之盟而還。凡勝國，曰滅之；獲大城焉，曰入之。

On the wushen day he entered Cai, made a covenant under the city wall and went back. Whenever one wins over a state, it is called destroying; when one takes a great city, it is called entering.

秋，齊人侵我西鄙，故季文子告於晉。

In autumn, the people of Qi raided our western border, and so Ji Wenzi reported it to Jin.

冬十一月，晉侯、宋公、衛侯、蔡侯、鄭伯、許男、曹伯盟於扈，尋新城之盟，且謀伐齊也。齊人賂晉侯，故不克而還。於是有齊難，是以公不會。書曰：“諸侯盟於扈。”無能為故也。凡諸侯會，公不與，不書，諱君惡也。與而不書，後也。

In winter, in the eleventh month, the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Marquis of Cai, the Earl of Zheng, the Baron of Xu and the Earl of Cao made a covenant at Hu, renewing the covenant of Xincheng and planning to attack Qi. The people of Qi bribed the Marquis of Jin, and so they went back without result. At the time there was trouble in Qi, and so Duke Wen did not attend. The Annals records: "The lords made a covenant at Hu." This is because they accomplished nothing. Whenever the lords meet and Duke Wen does not attend, it is not recorded, to avoid noting the ruler's fault. If he attended but it is not recorded, it is because he arrived late.

齊人來歸子叔姬，王故也。

The people of Qi came to send back Zishu Ji, because of the Son of Heaven.

齊侯侵我西鄙，謂諸侯不能也。遂伐曹，入其郛，討其來朝也。季文子曰：“齊侯其不免乎。己則無禮，而討於有禮者，曰：‘女何故行禮！’禮以順天，天之道也，己則反天，而又以討人，難以免矣。詩曰：‘胡不相畏，不畏於天？’君子之不虐幼賤，畏於天也。在周頌曰：‘畏天之威，於時保之。’不畏於天，將何能保？以亂取國，奉禮以守，猶懼不終，多行無禮，弗能在矣！”

The Marquis of Qi invaded the western border of our state, believing that the feudal lords could do nothing to him. He then attacked Cao, entered its outer wall, and punished it for coming to court. Ji Wenzi said: "The Marquis of Qi will probably not escape disaster. He himself lacks ritual propriety yet attacks those who have it, saying: 'Why do you act according to ritual?' Ritual is how one complies with Heaven; it is the way of Heaven. He himself defies Heaven and also uses this to attack others; it will be hard for him to escape disaster. The Odes say: 'Why do they not fear one another? Do they not fear Heaven above?' The gentleman does not oppress the young and lowly, because he fears Heaven. In the Hymns of Zhou it says: 'Fearing the majesty of Heaven, one thereby preserves it.' If one does not fear Heaven, what can one preserve? One who obtains a state through disorder and holds it by observing ritual may still fear not meeting a good end; if one does many things contrary to ritual, one cannot survive!"

【經】十有六年春，季孫行父會齊侯於陽穀，齊侯弗及盟。夏五月，公四不視朔。六月戊辰，公子遂及齊侯盟於郪丘。秋八月辛未，夫人姜氏薨。毀泉臺。

[Classic] In the sixteenth year, in spring, Jisun Xingfu met the Marquis of Qi at Yanggu, but the Marquis of Qi did not make a covenant with him. In summer, in the fifth month, Duke Wen did not perform the monthly court ceremony four times. In the sixth month, on the day wuchen, Gongzi Sui made a covenant with the Marquis of Qi at Qiqiu. In autumn, in the eighth month, on the day xinwei, the Lady Jiang, the duke's wife, died. The Spring Terrace was demolished.

楚人、秦人、巴人滅庸。冬十有一月，宋人弒其君杵臼。

The people of Chu, Qin and Ba destroyed the state of Yong. In winter, in the eleventh month, the people of Song killed their ruler Chujiu.

【傳】十六年春，王正月，及齊平。公有疾，使季文子會齊侯於陽穀。請盟，齊侯不肯，曰：“請俟君間。”

[Commentary] In the sixteenth year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou calendar, peace was made with Qi. Duke Wen was ill and sent Ji Wenzi to meet the Marquis of Qi at Yanggu. He asked for a covenant, but the Marquis of Qi refused, saying: "Please wait until His Lordship recovers."

夏五月，公四不視朔，疾也。公使襄仲納賂於齊侯，故盟於郪丘。

In summer, in the fifth month, Duke Wen did not perform the monthly court ceremony four times, because he was ill. The duke sent Xiang Zhong to present goods to the Marquis of Qi, and so a covenant was made at Qiqiu.

有蛇自泉宮出，入於國，如先君之數。秋八月辛未，聲姜薨，毀泉臺。

Snakes came out of the Spring Palace and entered the capital, as many as the number of former rulers. In autumn, in the eighth month, on the day xinwei, Sheng Jiang died, and the Spring Terrace was demolished.

楚大飢，戎伐其西南，至於阜山，師於大林。又伐其東南，至於陽丘，以侵訾枝。庸人帥群蠻以叛楚。麇人率百濮聚於選，將伐楚。於是申、息之北門不啟。

Chu suffered a great famine, and the Rong people attacked its southwest, reaching Mount Fu and encamping at Dalin. They also attacked its southeast, reaching Yangqiu, and invaded Zizhi. The people of Yong led the various Man tribes in rebelling against Chu. The people of Jun led the hundred Pu tribes in gathering at Xuan, intending to attack Chu. At that time the northern gates of Shen and Xi were not opened.

楚人謀徙於阪高。蒍賈曰：“不可。我能往，寇亦能住。不如伐庸。夫麇與百濮，謂我飢不能師，故伐我也。若我出師，必懼而歸。百濮離居，將各走其邑，誰暇謀人？”乃出師。旬有五日，百濮乃罷。自廬以往，振廩同食。次於句澨。

The men of Chu discussed moving to Banggao. Wei Jia said: "This will not do. If we can go, the enemy can go too. It is better to attack Yong. The people of Jun and the hundred Pu think that we cannot send out troops because of the famine, and that is why they have come to attack. If we send out troops, they will certainly be afraid and go back. The hundred Pu live scattered and will each run back to their own towns; who will have time to plot against others?" So they sent out troops. After fifteen days, the hundred Pu ceased their attack. From Lu onward, the granaries were opened and everyone ate together. They encamped at Jushi.

使廬戢黎侵庸，及庸方城。庸人逐之，囚子揚窗。三宿而逸，曰：“庸師眾，群蠻聚焉，不如復大師，且起王卒，合而後進。”師叔曰：“不可。姑又與之遇以驕之。彼驕我怒，而後可克，先君蚡冒所以服陘隰也。”又與之遇，七遇皆北，唯裨、鯈、魚人實逐之。

Lu Jili was sent to raid Yong and reached the square city of Yong. The people of Yong drove them off and captured Zi Yangchuang. After three nights he escaped back and said: "The army of Yong is numerous, and the Man tribes are gathered there. It would be better to send out the main army again, and also mobilize the king's own troops, and advance after joining forces." Shi Shu said: "No. Let us engage them again for now in order to make them arrogant. When they are arrogant and we are angry, we can then defeat them; that is how our former ruler Fenmao brought Xingxi into submission." They engaged them again and fled in defeat seven times, and only the men of Pi, You and Yu were truly pursuing them.

庸人曰：“楚不足與戰矣。”遂不設備。楚子乘馹，會師於臨品，分為二隊，子越自石溪，子貝自仞，以伐庸。秦人、巴人從楚師，群蠻從楚子盟。遂滅庸。

The people of Yong said: "Chu is not worth fighting." So they set up no defenses. The Viscount of Chu rode a post carriage and joined his forces at Linpin, divided into two columns, Zi Yue from Shixi and Zi Bei from Ren, to attack Yong. The people of Qin and Ba followed the Chu army, and the Man tribes followed the Viscount of Chu in making a covenant. Thus Yong was destroyed.

宋公子鮑禮於國人，宋飢，竭其粟而貸之。年自七十以上，無不饋飴也，時加羞珍異。無日不數於六卿之門，國之才人，無不事也，親自桓以下，無不恤也。

Gongzi Bao of Song was courteous to the people of the state. When Song suffered a famine, he brought out all his millet and lent it out. Among those over seventy years of age, there was none he did not send food to, and he added rare delicacies in due season. There was no day he did not visit the gates of the six ministers; among the capable men of the state there was none he did not serve, and among the relatives from Duke Huan on down there was none he did not care for.

公子鮑美而豔，襄夫人慾通之，而不可，夫人助之施。昭公無道，國人奉公子鮑以因夫人。

Gongzi Bao was handsome and radiant. Lady Xiang wished to have an affair with him but could not, so she helped him with his charity. Duke Zhao was without the Way, and the people of the state supported Gongzi Bao and relied on the lady.

於是華元為右師，公孫友為左師，華耦為司馬，鱗魚雚為司徒，蕩意諸為司城，公子朝為司寇。初，司城蕩卒，公孫壽辭司城，請使意諸為之。既而告人曰：“君無道，吾官近，懼及焉。棄官則族無所庇。子，身之貳也，姑紓死焉。雖亡子，猶不亡族。”既，夫人將使公田孟諸而殺之。公知之，盡以寶行。蕩意諸曰：“盍適諸侯？”公曰：“不能其大夫至於君祖母以及國人，諸侯誰納我？且既為人君，而又為人臣，不如死。”盡以其寶賜左右以使行。夫人使謂司城去公，對曰：“臣之而逃其難，若後君何？”冬十一月甲寅，宋昭公將田孟諸，未至，夫人王姬使帥甸攻而殺之。蕩意諸死之。書曰：“宋人弒其君杵臼。”君無道也。

At that time Hua Yuan was Right Chief Minister, Gongsun You was Left Chief Minister, Hua Ou was Minister of War, Lin Guan was Minister of Education, Dang Yizhu was Minister of Works, and Gongzi Chao was Minister of Crime. Earlier, when the Minister of Works Dang died, Gongsun Shou declined the post of Minister of Works and asked that Yizhu take it. He then told others: "The ruler is without the Way, and my office is close to him; I fear disaster would reach me. If I abandon the office, my clansmen have no protection. A son is one's own deputy, and so I shall use this to postpone my death. Even if I lose my son, I shall not lose my clan." Later, the lady planned to have Duke Zhao go hunting at Mengzhu and have him killed. Duke Zhao learned of it and set out with all his treasures. Dang Yizhu said: "Why not flee to the other feudal lords?" The duke said: "I have not won the goodwill of the high officials, nor of my grandmother, nor of the people of the state; which feudal lord would take me in? Moreover, having been a ruler and then going to be another's subject, it is better to die." He gave all his treasures to his attendants and sent them away. The lady sent someone to tell the Minister of Works to leave Duke Zhao, and he replied: "I am his subject; if I avoid his misfortune, what will become of the next ruler?" In winter, in the eleventh month, on the day jiayin, Duke Zhao of Song was about to go hunting at Mengzhu, and before he arrived, the lady Wang Ji sent Shuai Dian to attack and kill him. Dang Yizhu died for him. The Spring and Autumn Annals records: "The people of Song killed their ruler Chujiu." This was because the ruler was without the Way.

文公即位，使母弟須為司城。華耦卒，而使蕩虺為司馬。

When Duke Wen took the throne, he made his younger brother by the same mother, Xu, Minister of Works. When Hua Ou died, he made Dang Hui Minister of War.

【經】十有七年春，晉人、衛人、陳人、鄭人伐宋。夏四月癸亥，葬我小君聲姜。齊侯伐我西鄙。六月癸未，公及齊侯盟於谷。諸侯會於扈。秋，公至自谷。

[Classic] In the seventeenth year, in spring, the people of Jin, Wei, Chen and Zheng attacked Song. In summer, in the fourth month, on the day guihai, the lesser ruler of our state, Sheng Jiang, was buried. The Marquis of Qi attacked the western border of our state. In the sixth month, on the day guiwei, Duke Wen made a covenant with the Marquis of Qi at Gu. The feudal lords met at Hu. In autumn, Duke Wen returned from Gu.

冬，公子遂如齊。

In winter, Gongzi Sui went to Qi.

【傳】十七年春，晉荀林父、衛孔達、陳公孫寧、鄭石楚伐宋。討曰：“何故弒君！”猶立文公而還，卿不書，失其所也。

[Commentary] In the seventeenth year, in spring, Xun Linfu of Jin, Kong Da of Wei, Gongsun Ning of Chen and Shi Chu of Zheng attacked Song. They demanded an account, saying: "Why did you kill your ruler?" But they still installed Duke Wen and went back. The names of the ministers are not recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals, because they had lost the proper way of acting.

夏四月癸亥，葬聲姜。有齊難，是以緩。

In summer, in the fourth month, on the day guihai, Sheng Jiang was buried. There was trouble from Qi, and so it was late.

齊侯伐我北鄙，襄仲請盟。六月，盟於谷。

The Marquis of Qi attacked the northern border of our state, and Xiang Zhong asked for a covenant. In the sixth month, a covenant was made at Gu.

晉侯蒐於黃父，遂複合諸侯於扈，平宋也。公不與會，齊難故也。書曰“諸侯”，無功也。

The Marquis of Jin held a great review of troops at Huangfu, and then again assembled the feudal lords at Hu, to mediate for Song. Duke Wen did not attend the meeting, because of the trouble from Qi. The Spring and Autumn Annals records "the feudal lords", because they achieved nothing.

於是，晉侯不見鄭伯，以為貳於楚也。

At that time, the Marquis of Jin did not receive the Earl of Zheng, believing that he was of two minds toward Chu.

鄭子家使執訊而與之書，以告趙宣子，曰：“寡君即位三年，召蔡侯而與之事君。九月，蔡侯入於敝邑以行。敝邑以侯宣多之難，寡君是以不得與蔡侯偕。

Zi Jia of Zheng sent a messenger with a letter to inform Zhao Xuanzi, saying: "Three years after our humble ruler took the throne, he summoned the Marquis of Cai to join him in serving Your Lordship. In the ninth month the Marquis of Cai came into our humble city in order to set out. Because of the trouble of Hou Xuanduo in our humble city, our ruler could not travel with the Marquis of Cai.

十一月，克滅侯宣多而隨蔡侯以朝於執事。十二年六月，歸生佐寡君之嫡夷，以請陳侯於楚而朝諸君。十四年七月，寡君又朝，以蕆陳事。十五年五月，陳侯自敝邑往朝於君。往年正月，燭之武往朝夷也。八月，寡君又往朝。以陳、蔡之密邇於楚而不敢貳焉，則敝邑之故也。雖敝邑之事君，何以不免？在位之中，一朝於襄，而再見於君。夷與孤之二三臣相及於絳，雖我小國，則蔑以過之矣。今大國曰：‘爾未逞吾志。’敝邑有亡，無以加焉。古人有言曰：‘畏首畏尾，身其餘幾。’又曰：‘鹿死不擇音。’小國之事大國也，德，則其人也；不德，則其鹿也，鋌而走險，急何能擇？命之罔極，亦知亡矣。將悉敝賦以待於鯈，唯執事命之。

(Zi Jia continued:) "In the eleventh month, Hou Xuanduo was destroyed, and we followed the Marquis of Cai to pay court to your attendants. In the sixth month of the twelfth year, Gui Sheng assisted our humble ruler's heir Yi, requested on behalf of the Marquis of Chen from Chu, and then paid court to Your Lordship. In the seventh month of the fourteenth year, our ruler came to court again, completing the matter of Chen. In the fifth month of the fifteenth year, the Marquis of Chen went from our humble city to pay court to Your Lordship. In the first month of last year, Zhi Zhiwu accompanied Yi to pay court. In the eighth month, our ruler went again to pay court. That Chen and Cai, being near Chu, do not dare to have two minds is because of our humble city. Even though our humble city serves Your Lordship in this way, why can we still not escape disaster? During our ruler's reign, he has paid court to Duke Xiang once and to Your Lordship twice. Yi and several of my humble ministers have arrived at Jiang in succession; even though we are a small state, none could do more than this. Now the great state says: 'You have still not satisfied my wishes.' Our humble city can only perish and cannot do more. An ancient saying goes: 'If one fears the head and fears the tail, how much of the body is left?' It also says: 'When a deer is about to die, it cannot choose its shelter.' When a small state serves a great state, if the great state is virtuous, it is treated as a person; if not, it is a deer, hurrying along dangerous paths, and in urgent peril can it still choose? The commands have no standard, and we know we will be destroyed. We shall muster all the military levies of our humble city and wait at Tiao, listening only to your attendants' orders.

文公二年六月壬申，朝於齊。四年二月壬戌，為齊侵蔡，亦獲成於楚。居大國之間而從於強令，豈其罪也。大國若弗圖，無所逃命。”

(Zi Jia continued:) "In the sixth month, on the day renshen, of the second year of Duke Wen, he paid court to Qi. In the second month, on the day renxu, of the fourth year, on behalf of Qi he invaded Cai, and also made peace with Chu. Standing between great states and submitting to harsh commands, is that his fault? If the great state does not consider this, there will be no place to escape its commands."

晉鞏朔行成於鄭，趙穿、公婿池為質焉。

Gong Shuo of Jin went to Zheng to seek peace, and Zhao Chuan and Gongxu Chi were hostages there.

秋，周甘蜀敗戎於垂，乘其飲酒也。

In autumn, Gan Shu of the Zhou royal house defeated the Rong at Chui, taking advantage of their drinking.

冬十月，鄭大子夷、石楚為質於晉。

In winter, in the tenth month, Crown Prince Yi of Zheng and Shi Chu went to Jin as hostages.

襄仲如齊，拜谷之盟。復曰：“臣聞齊人將食魯之麥。以臣觀之，將不能。

Xiang Zhong went to Qi to thank them for the covenant at Gu. On returning he reported: "Your servant has heard that the people of Qi are about to eat Lu's wheat. In your servant's view, they will not manage it.

齊君之語偷。臧文仲有言曰：‘民主偷必死’。”

(Xiang Zhong continued:) "The words of the ruler of Qi are of one who seeks only easy comfort. Zang Wenzhong had a saying: 'One who is ruler of the people and seeks only easy comfort will certainly die.'"

【經】十有八年春王二月丁丑，公薨於臺下。秦伯犖卒。夏五月戊戌，齊人弒其君商人。六月癸酉，葬我君文公。秋，公子遂、叔孫得臣如齊。冬十月，子卒。夫人姜氏歸於齊。季孫行父如齊。莒弒其君庶其。

[Classic] In the eighteenth year, in spring, in the second month of the Zhou calendar, on the day dingchou, Duke Wen died at the Terrace. The Earl of Qin, Ying, died. In summer, in the fifth month, on the day wuxu, the people of Qi killed their ruler Shangren. In the sixth month, on the day guiyou, our ruler Duke Wen was buried. In autumn, Gongzi Sui and Shusun Dechen went to Qi. In winter, in the tenth month, the son died. The Lady Jiang, the duke's wife, returned to Qi. Jisun Xingfu went to Qi. Ju killed its ruler Shuqi.

【傳】十八年春，齊侯戒師期，而有疾，醫曰：“不及秋，將死。”公聞之，卜曰：“尚無及期。”惠伯令龜，卜楚丘占之曰：“齊侯不及期，非疾也。君亦不聞。令龜有咎。”二月丁丑，公薨。

[Commentary] In the eighteenth year, in spring, the Marquis of Qi set a date for sending out troops, but fell ill, and the physician said: "He will not live to autumn; he will die." Duke Wen heard of it and consulted the divination, saying: "I hope he will not reach that date." Hui Bo told the words of the inquiry to the tortoise shell, and Bu Chuqiu interpreted: "The Marquis of Qi will not reach the date, and not because of illness. Your Lordship will not hear of it either. The one who delivers the inquiry will meet misfortune." In the second month, on the day dingchou, Duke Wen died.

齊懿公之為公子也，與邴蜀之父爭田，弗勝。及即位，乃掘而刖之，而使蜀僕。納閻職之妻，而使職驂乘。

When Duke Yi of Qi was a prince, he disputed a field with the father of Bing Shu and did not win. When he took the throne, he had the corpse dug up and its feet cut off, and made Shu drive his chariot. He took Yan Zhi's wife into his household and made Zhi his chariot-guard.

夏五月，公遊於申池。二人浴於池，蜀以撲抶職。職怒。曰：“人奪女妻而不怒，一抶女庸何傷！”職曰：“與刖其父而弗能病者何如？”乃謀弒懿公，納諸竹中。歸，舍爵而行。齊人立公子元。

In summer, in the fifth month, Duke Yi was enjoying himself at Shenchi. The two men were bathing in the pool, and Shu struck Zhi with a horsewhip. Zhi was angered. Shu said: "When another man seizes your wife you are not angry; what harm is a single blow!" Zhi said: "How does that compare with one who cut off a man's father's feet and could not feel any pain in his heart?" So they plotted to kill Duke Yi and put him in the bamboo grove. They returned, made a sacrifice, and then left. The people of Qi installed Gongzi Yuan.

六月，葬文公。

In the sixth month, Duke Wen was buried.

秋，襄仲、莊叔如齊，惠公立故，且拜葬也。

In autumn, Xiang Zhong and Zhuang Shu went to Qi, because Duke Hui had taken the throne, and also to thank them for attending the funeral.

文公二妃敬贏生宣公。敬贏嬖而私事襄仲。宣公長而屬諸襄仲，襄仲欲立之，叔仲不可。仲見於齊侯而請之。齊侯新立而欲親魯，許之。

Duke Wen's secondary consort Jing Ying gave birth to Duke Xuan. Jing Ying was favored and privately made friends with Xiang Zhong. When Duke Xuan grew up she entrusted him to Xiang Zhong, who wished to install him, but Shu Zhong disagreed. Xiang Zhong had an audience with the Marquis of Qi and made the request. The Marquis of Qi had newly taken the throne and wished to be on good terms with Lu, and so agreed.

冬十月，仲殺惡及視而立宣公。書曰“子卒”，諱之也。仲以君命召惠伯。

In winter, in the tenth month, Xiang Zhong killed E and Shi and installed Duke Xuan. The Spring and Autumn Annals records "the son died" as a euphemism. Xiang Zhong summoned Hui Bo using the ruler's command.

其宰公冉務人止之，曰：“入必死。”叔仲曰：“死君命可也。”公冉務人曰：“若君命可死，非君命何聽？”弗聽，乃入，殺而埋之馬矢之中。公冉務人奉其帑以奔蔡，既而復叔仲氏。

His household steward Gongran Wuren stopped him, saying: "If you go in, you will certainly die." Shu Zhong said: "To die by the ruler's command is acceptable." Gongran Wuren said: "If one can die for the ruler's command, then what does one obey if it is not the ruler's command?" He did not listen and went in; he was killed and buried in horse dung. Gongran Wuren took his family and fled to Cai, and later the Shuzhong clan was restored.

夫人姜氏歸於齊，大歸也。將行，哭而過市曰：“天乎，仲為不道，殺適立庶。”市人皆哭，魯人謂之哀姜。

The Lady Jiang, the duke's wife, returned to Qi, which was a final return. As she was about to leave, she wept as she passed through the market and said: "Heaven! Zhong has done what is without the Way, killing the legitimate son and installing the son of a concubine." The people in the market all wept, and the people of Lu called her Ai Jiang (Mournful Jiang).

莒紀公生大子僕，又生季佗，愛季佗而黜僕，且多行無禮於國。僕因國人以弒紀公，以其寶玉來奔，納諸宣公。公命與之邑，曰：“今日必授。”季文子使司寇出諸竟，曰：“今日必達。”公問其故。季文子使大史克對曰：“先大夫臧文仲教行父事君之禮，行父奉以周旋，弗敢失隊。曰：‘見有禮於其君者，事之如孝子之養父母也。見無禮於其君者，誅之如鷹鸇之逐鳥雀也。’先君周公制《周禮》曰：‘則以觀德，德以處事，事以度功，功以食民。’作《誓命》曰：‘毀則為賊，掩賊為藏，竊賄為盜，盜器為奸。主藏之名，賴奸之用，為大凶德，有常無赦，在《九刑》不忘。’行父還觀莒僕，莫可則也。孝敬忠信為吉德，盜賊藏奸為凶德。夫莒僕，則其孝敬，則弒君父矣；則其忠信，則竊寶玉矣。其人，則盜賊也；其器，則奸兆也，保而利之，則主藏也。以訓則昏，民無則焉。不度於善，而皆在於凶德，是以去之。

Duke Ji of Ju had a crown prince, Pu, and then another son, Jitu; he loved Jitu and deposed Pu, and also did many things in the state contrary to ritual. Pu relied on the people of the state to kill Duke Ji, and came with treasures and jade to seek refuge, offering them to Duke Xuan. Duke Xuan ordered that he be given a city, saying: "It must be granted today." Ji Wenzi sent the Minister of Crime to drive him out of the border, saying: "He must reach the border today." Duke Xuan asked the reason. Ji Wenzi sent the Grand Historian Ke to reply: "The late high official Zang Wenzhong taught Xingfu the ritual for serving the ruler, and Xingfu has upheld it and practiced it without daring to lose it. He said: 'When you see someone who is courteous toward his ruler, serve him as a filial son serves his parents; when you see someone who is discourteous toward his ruler, kill him as a hawk or harrier pursues sparrows.' Our former ruler the Duke of Zhou made the Rites of Zhou, saying: 'Use the norms to observe virtue, use virtue to handle affairs, use affairs to measure merit, and use merit to nurture the people.' In the Oath and Command he said: 'To destroy the norms is to be a bandit; to conceal a bandit is to harbor him; to steal goods is to be a thief; to steal vessels is to be a villain. To bear the name of harboring and to make use of villainous vessels is a great evil virtue; the regular penalty is not to be pardoned, and it is not to be forgotten in the Nine Punishments.' Xingfu looked back at Ju Pu and found nothing to take as a model. Filial piety, reverence, loyalty and good faith are auspicious virtues; banditry, harboring and villainy are evil virtues. As for that Ju Pu, if one wished to take as a model his filial reverence, he killed his ruler and father; if one wished to take as a model his loyalty and good faith, he stole treasures and jade. That man is a bandit; his vessels are omens of villainy. To protect him and use his things is to bear the name of harboring. If used for instruction it would cause confusion, and the people would have no norms. He is not within the bounds of goodness, but entirely within evil virtues, and so he was driven out.

“昔高陽氏有才子八人，蒼舒、隤敳、檮戭、大臨、尨降、庭堅、仲容、叔達，齊聖廣淵，明允篤誠，天下之民謂之八愷。高辛氏有才子八人，伯奮、仲堪、叔獻、季仲、伯虎、仲熊、叔豹、季狸，忠肅共懿，宣慈惠和，天下之民謂之八元。此十六族也，世濟其美，不隕其名，以至於堯，堯不能舉。舜臣堯，舉八愷，使主后土，以揆百事，莫不時序，地平天成。舉八元，使布五教於四方，父義、母慈、兄友、弟共、子孝，內平外成。昔帝鴻氏有不才子，掩義隱賊，好行兇德，醜類惡物，頑嚚不友，是與比周，天下之民謂之渾敦。少嗥氏有不才子，毀信廢忠，崇飾惡言，靖譖庸回，服讒蒐慝，以誣盛德，天下之民謂之窮奇。顓頊有不才子，不可教訓，不知話言，告之則頑，舍之則嚚，傲很明德，以亂天常，天下之民謂之檮杌。此三族也，世濟其兇，增其惡名，以至於堯，堯不能去。縉雲氏有不才子，貪於飲食，冒於貨賄，侵欲崇侈，不可盈厭，聚斂積實，不知紀極，不分孤寡，不恤窮匱，天下之民以比三兇，謂之饕餮。舜臣堯，賓於四門，流四凶族渾敦、窮奇、檮杌、饕餮，投諸四裔，以御魑魅。是以堯崩而天下如一，同心戴舜以為天子，以其舉十六相，去四凶也。故《虞書》數舜之功，曰‘慎徽五典，五典克從’，無違教也。曰‘納於百揆，百揆時序’，無廢事也。曰‘賓於四門，四門穆穆’，無兇人也。

(The Grand Historian Ke continued:) "In the past Gaoyang had eight talented sons: Cangshu, Kuigai, Taoyan, Dalin, Panglong, Tingjian, Zhongrong and Shuda, who were upright and sage-like, broad and deep, bright and sincere, genuine and honest, and the people of the world called them the Eight Harmonious Ones. Gaoxin had eight talented sons: Bofen, Zhongkan, Shuxian, Jizhong, Bohu, Zhongxiong, Shubao and Jili, who were loyal, solemn, respectful and good, kind and gentle, and the people of the world called them the Eight Good Ones. These sixteen clans generation after generation achieved their goodness and did not let their names fall, down to the time of Yao, and Yao was unable to promote them. Shun, serving as Yao's minister, promoted the Eight Harmonious Ones and had them manage the land, to measure all affairs; there was none that was not timely and orderly, the earth was level and Heaven was complete. He promoted the Eight Good Ones and had them spread the five teachings in the four quarters: fathers righteous, mothers kind, elder brothers friendly, younger brothers respectful, sons filial; within there was peace and without there was harmony. In the past the Di Hong clan had an untalented son, who obscured righteousness, shielded bandits, liked to do evil, joined with the wicked, was foolish, stubborn, deceitful and unfriendly, and associated with such people; the people of the world called him Hundun. The Shaohao clan had an untalented son who destroyed good faith and abandoned loyalty, embellished evil words, was content with slander and employed the wicked, engaged in slander and flattery and harbored evil, so as to defame great virtue; the people of the world called him Qiongqi. Zhuanxu had an untalented son who could not be taught and did not understand words; if told, he was stubborn, if let loose, he was deceitful, and he arrogantly defied bright virtue so as to disturb the constant order of Heaven; the people of the world called him Taowu. These three clans generation after generation achieved their evil and increased their evil names, down to the time of Yao, and Yao was unable to remove them. The Jinyun clan had an untalented son who was greedy for food and drink, seized goods, was extravagant in desire and could not be satisfied, hoarded without limit, did not share with the orphaned and widowed, and did not take pity on the poor; the people of the world compared him to those three evil ones and called him Taotie. Shun, serving as Yao's minister, received guests at the four gates and banished the four evil clans, Hundun, Qiongqi, Taowu and Taotie, casting them to the farthest places of the four quarters to ward off the sprites and demons. Therefore when Yao died the world was as one person, wholeheartedly supporting Shun as Son of Heaven, because he had promoted the sixteen ministers and removed the four evil ones. Therefore the Book of Yu enumerates Shun's achievements, saying: 'He carefully and well carried out the five canons, and the five canons were all obeyed,' meaning there was no violation of teaching. It says: 'He took in the various offices, and the various offices were timely and orderly,' meaning there were no neglected matters. It says: 'He received guests at the four gates, and the four gates were solemn, harmonious and respectful,' meaning there were no evil people.

舜有大功二十而為天子，今行父雖未獲一吉人，去一兇矣，於舜之功，二十之一也，庶幾免於戾乎！”宋武氏之族道昭公子，將奉司城須以作亂。十二月，宋公殺母弟須及昭公子，使戴、莊、桓之族攻武氏於司馬子伯之館。遂出武、穆之族，使公孫師為司城，公子朝卒，使樂呂為司寇，以靖國人。

(The Grand Historian Ke continued:) "Shun had twenty great achievements and became Son of Heaven. Now, although Xingfu has not obtained a single good man, he has already removed one evil man, which compared with Shun's achievements is one twentieth; perhaps he can be excused from blame!" The Wu clan of Song led the son of Duke Zhao and planned to support the Minister of Works Xu in an uprising. In the twelfth month, the Duke of Song killed his younger brother Xu, born of the same mother, and the son of Duke Zhao, and had the Dai, Zhuang and Huan clans attack the Wu clan at the residence of the Minister of War Zibo. They then drove out the Wu and Mu clans, made Gongsun Shi Minister of Works, and with the death of Gongzi Chao made Yue Lu Minister of Crime, in order to pacify the people of the state.