Duke Xiang (Years 1 to 31)

不言大夫，言自外也。

It does not say grand officer, meaning that he came in from outside.

齊侯還自晉，不入。遂襲莒，門於且於，傷股而退。明日，將復戰，期於壽舒。杞殖、華還載甲，夜入且於之隧，宿於莒郊。明日，先遇莒子於蒲侯氏。莒子重賂之，使無死，曰：“請有盟。”華周對曰：“貪貨棄命，亦君所惡也。昏而受命，日未中而棄之，何以事君？”莒子親鼓之，從而伐之，獲杞梁。莒人行成。

The Marquis of Qi returned from Jin without entering the capital. He then raided Ju and attacked Qieyu, was wounded in the thigh and withdrew. The next day, he was to fight again, and the meeting was arranged at Shoushu. Qi Zhi and Hua Huan, concealing armored men, entered the tunnel at Qieyu by night and lodged in the outskirts of Ju. The next day, they first met the Viscount of Ju at Pohou. The Viscount of Ju offered them heavy bribes so that they would not die, saying: "Please make a covenant." Hua Zhou answered: "To be greedy for goods and abandon one's orders is also what our lord would detest. I received the command at dusk and would abandon it before noon; with what could I serve our lord?" The Viscount of Ju beat the drum himself and followed to attack them, and captured Qi Liang. The people of Ju sought peace.

齊侯歸，遇杞梁之妻於郊，使吊之。辭曰：“殖之有罪，何辱命焉？若免於罪，猶有先人之敝廬在，下妾不得與郊吊。”齊侯吊諸其室。

The Marquis of Qi turned back and met the wife of Qi Liang in the outskirts and sent someone to offer condolences. She declined, saying: "If Zhi was guilty, what need is there to trouble yourself with a command? If he is spared guilt, there is still the humble house of his forebears, and your humble handmaid cannot take part in condolences in the outskirts." The Marquis of Qi went to her house to offer condolences.

齊侯將為臧紇田。臧孫聞之，見齊侯，與之言伐晉，對曰：“多則多矣！抑君似鼠。夫鼠晝伏夜動，不穴於寢廟，畏人故也。今君聞晉之亂而後作焉。寧將事之，非鼠如何？”乃弗與田。

The Marquis of Qi was about to give Zang He fields. Zang Sun heard of it and saw the Marquis of Qi, and talked with him about attacking Jin. The marquis answered: "There are many such things! But Your Lordship is like a mouse. A mouse hides by day and moves by night, and does not dig a hole in the ancestral temple, because it fears people. Now Your Lordship hears of disorder in Jin and only then acts, though you would rather serve it; what is that if not a mouse?" So he did not give him the fields.

仲尼曰：“知之難也。有臧武仲之知，而不容於魯國，抑有由也。作不順而施不恕也。《夏書》曰：‘念茲在茲。’順事、恕施也。”

Zhongni said: "Wisdom is hard. With the wisdom of Zang Wuzhong, he still could not be tolerated in Lu, and there was a reason for it. He acted without compliance and applied no reciprocity. The Book of Xia says: 'Think of this, and it is in this.' This means to follow the matter and apply reciprocity."

【經】二十有四年春，叔孫豹如晉。仲孫羯帥師侵齊。夏，楚子伐吳。秋七月甲子朔，日有食之，既。齊崔杼帥師伐莒。大水。八月癸巳朔，日有食之。公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子於夷儀。冬，楚子、蔡侯、陳侯、許男伐鄭。公至自會。陳針宜咎出奔楚。叔孫豹如京師。大飢。

[Classic] In the twenty-fourth year, spring, Shu Sun Bao went to Jin. Zhongsun Jie led troops to raid Qi. In summer, the Viscount of Chu attacked Wu. In autumn, on the first day of the seventh month, the jiazi day, there was a solar eclipse, a total eclipse. Cui Zhu of Qi led troops to attack Ju. There was a great flood. On the first day of the eighth month, the guisi day, there was a solar eclipse. Duke Xiang met the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Lesser Zhu at Yiyi. In winter, the Viscount of Chu, the Marquis of Cai, the Marquis of Chen and the Baron of Xu attacked Zheng. The duke returned from the meeting. Zhen Yijiu of Chen fled to Chu. Shu Sun Bao went to the capital. There was a great famine.

【傳】二十四年春，穆叔如晉。範宣子逆之，問焉，曰：“古人有言曰，‘死而不朽’，何謂也？”穆叔未對。宣子曰：“昔匄之祖，自虞以上，為陶唐氏，在夏為御龍氏，在商為豕韋氏，在周為唐杜氏，晉主夏盟為范氏，其是之謂乎？”穆叔曰：“以豹所聞，此之謂世祿，非不朽也。魯有先大夫曰臧文仲，既沒，其言立。其是之謂乎！豹聞之，大上有立德，其次有立功，其次有立言，雖久不廢，此之謂不朽。若夫保姓受氏，以守宗祊，世不絕祀，無國無之，祿之大者，不可謂不朽。”

[Commentary] In the twenty-fourth year, spring, Mu Shu went to Jin. Fan Xuanzi received him and asked: "The ancients had a saying, 'to die and not perish'; what does it mean?" Mu Shu had not yet answered. Xuanzi said: "Formerly the ancestors of Gai, from the time of Yu upward, were the Taotang clan; under Xia they were the Yulong clan; under Shang they were the Shiwei clan; under Zhou they were the Tangdu clan; and the Fan clan presided over the covenants of the Chinese states for Jin. Perhaps this is what it means?" Mu Shu said: "According to what Bao has heard, this is called hereditary emolument, not imperishability. In Lu there was a former grand officer called Zang Wenzhong; he has died, yet his words still stand. Perhaps this is what it means! Bao has heard that the highest is to establish virtue, the next to establish achievement, and the next to establish words; even after a long time they are not discarded, and this is called imperishable. As for keeping one's surname, receiving a clan name, guarding the ancestral temple, and not having the sacrifices cease for generations, there is no state without such a thing; it is the greatest of emoluments and cannot be called imperishable."

範宣子為政，諸侯之幣重。鄭人病之。二月，鄭伯如晉。子產寓書於子西以告宣子，曰：“子為晉國，四鄰諸侯，不聞令德，而聞重幣，僑也惑之。僑聞君子長國家者，非無賄之患，而無令名之難。夫諸侯之賄聚於公室，則諸侯貳。若吾子賴之，則晉國貳。諸侯貳，則晉國壞。晉國貳，則子之家壞。何沒沒也！將焉用賄？夫令名，德之輿也。德，國家之基也。有基無壞，無亦是務乎！有德則樂，樂則能久。《詩》云：‘樂只君子，邦家之基。’有令德也夫！‘上帝臨女，無貳爾心。’有令名也夫！恕思以明德，則令名載而行之，是以遠至邇安。毋寧使人謂子‘子實生我’，而謂‘子濬我以生’乎？象有齒以焚其身，賄也。”宣子說，乃輕幣。是行也，鄭伯朝晉，為重幣故，且請伐陳也。鄭伯稽首，宣子辭。

Fan Xuanzi was in charge of the government, and the tribute offered by the lords was very heavy. The people of Zheng suffered from this. In the second month, the Earl of Zheng went to Jin. Zichan entrusted a letter to Zixi to tell Xuanzi: "You govern Jin, and the lords of the four neighboring regions hear nothing of its virtue but hear of its heavy tribute; Qiao is perplexed by this. Qiao has heard that for a gentleman who holds a state, the worry is not that there is no wealth but that there is no good name. If the wealth of the lords gathers in the ducal house, the lords will have divided hearts. If you, sir, profit by it, Jin will have a divided heart. If the lords have divided hearts, Jin will be ruined. If Jin has a divided heart, your house will be ruined. Why be so deluded? What use will wealth be? A good name is the carriage of virtue. Virtue is the foundation of a state. With a foundation one is not ruined; should one not devote oneself to this! With virtue there is joy, and with joy one lasts. The Odes say: 'Joyful is the gentleman, the foundation of the state and family.' This is having virtue! 'God looks down on you; let your heart not be divided.' This is having a good name! If one reflects with reciprocity to make virtue clear, a good name will carry it along, and so the far will come and the near will be at peace. Would you rather have people say 'You truly let me live,' or say 'You squeeze me to feed yourself'? The elephant has tusks and thereby destroys itself; this is wealth." Xuanzi was pleased and so lightened the tribute. On this journey, the Earl of Zheng paid court to Jin because of the heavy tribute, and also asked to attack Chen. The Earl of Zheng kowtowed, and Xuanzi declined.

子西相，曰：“以陳國之介恃大國而陵虐於敝邑，寡君是以請罪焉。敢不稽首。”

Zixi assisted and said: "Because Chen has relied on a great state to oppress our humble state, our lord therefore begs to be pardoned. How would he dare not kowtow?"

孟孝伯侵齊，晉故也。

Meng Xiaobo raided Qi, for the sake of Jin.

夏，楚子為舟師以伐吳，不為軍政，無功而還。

In summer, the Viscount of Chu formed a naval force and attacked Wu, but did not put military discipline in order and returned without achievement.

齊侯既伐晉而懼，將欲見楚子。楚子使薳啟強如齊聘，且請期。齊社，搜軍實，使客觀之。陳文子曰：“齊將有寇。吾聞之，兵不戢，必取其族。”

The Marquis of Qi, having attacked Jin, was afraid and was about to see the Viscount of Chu. The Viscount of Chu sent Wei Qiqiang to Qi on a courtesy visit and to ask for a date. Qi performed the sacrifice at the altar of the soil and reviewed its military equipment to let the guest observe. Chen Wenzi said: "Qi will have enemies. I have heard that if weapons are not put away, they will surely harm one's own clan."

秋，齊侯聞將有晉師，使陳無宇從薳啟強如楚，辭，且乞師。崔杼帥師送之，遂伐莒，侵介根。

In autumn, the Marquis of Qi heard that a Jin army was about to come, and sent Chen Wuyu to accompany Wei Qiqiang to Chu, to apologize and to ask for troops. Cui Zhu led troops to escort him, and then attacked Ju and raided Jiegen.

會於夷儀，將以伐齊，水，不克。

They met at Yiyi and were about to attack Qi, but because of the great flood they did not succeed.

冬，楚子伐鄭以救齊，門於東門，次於棘澤。諸侯還救鄭。晉侯使張骼、輔躒致楚師，求御於鄭。鄭人卜宛射犬，吉。子大叔戒之曰：“大國之人，不可與也。”對曰：“無有眾寡，其上一也。”大叔曰：“不然，部婁無松柏。”二子在幄，坐射犬於外，既食而後食之。使御廣車而行，己皆乘乘車。將及楚師，而後從之乘，皆踞轉而鼓琴。近，不告而馳之。皆取胄於櫜而胄，入壘，皆下，搏人以投，收禽挾囚。弗待而出。皆超乘，抽弓而射。既免，復踞轉而鼓琴，曰：“公孫！同乘，兄弟也。胡再不謀？”對曰：“曩者志入而已，今則怯也。”皆笑，曰：“公孫之亟也。”

In winter, the Viscount of Chu attacked Zheng to rescue Qi, assaulted the East Gate and encamped at Jize. The lords came back to rescue Zheng. The Marquis of Jin sent Zhang Ge and Fu Yue to challenge the Chu army, and asked Zheng for charioteers. The people of Zheng divined for Wan Shequan, and it was auspicious. Zi Dashu warned him: "Men from the great states must not be treated as equals." He answered: "Whether the people are many or few, those above are the same." Dashu said: "Not so; a small mound has no pines or cypresses." The two men sat in the tent and made Shequan sit outside, and when they had finished eating they gave him some. They made him drive the wide chariot while they rode in the ordinary chariot themselves. When they were about to reach the Chu army, they then rode with him, all squatting on the crossbar of the chariot and playing the zither. When they drew near, without telling him, they dashed into the enemy camp. Each took his helmet out of its bag and put it on, entered the camp, got down from the chariot, seized men and threw them out, gathered prisoners and carried captives under their arms. They went out without waiting for him. They all jumped onto the chariot, drew their bows and shot. Once out of danger, they again squatted on the crossbar and played the zither, saying: "Gongsun! Those who ride together are brothers. Why did you not consult us twice?" He answered: "At first I was thinking only of getting in; now I am simply frightened." They all laughed and said: "Gongsun is truly impatient."

楚子自棘澤還，使薳啟強帥師送陳無宇。

The Viscount of Chu returned from Jize and sent Wei Qiqiang to lead troops escorting Chen Wuyu.

吳人為楚舟師之役故，召舒鳩人，舒鳩人叛楚。楚子師於荒浦，使沈尹壽與師祁犁讓之。舒鳩子敬逆二子，而告無之，且請受盟。二子覆命，王欲伐之。薳子曰：“不可。彼告不叛，且請受盟，而又伐之，伐無罪也。姑歸息民，以待其卒。卒而不貳，吾又何求？若猶叛我，無辭有庸。”乃還。

Because of the naval battle with Chu, the people of Wu summoned the people of Shujiu, and the people of Shujiu rebelled against Chu. The Viscount of Chu stationed his army at Huangpu and sent Shen Yinshou and Shi Qili to reproach them. The Viscount of Shujiu respectfully received the two men, said there had been no such thing, and asked to receive a covenant. The two men returned to report, and the king wanted to attack. Wei Zi said: "It cannot be done. They say they have not rebelled and ask to receive a covenant; if we attack nonetheless, we attack the innocent. Let us go back for now, let the people rest, and wait for their result. If in the end they have no divided heart, what more do we seek? If they still rebel against us, they will have nothing to say and we will have merit." So they went back.

陳人復討慶氏之黨，針宜咎出奔楚。

The people of Chen again punished the partisans of the Qing clan, and Zhen Yijiu fled to Chu.

齊人城郟。穆叔如周聘，且賀城。王嘉其有禮也，賜之大路。

The people of Qi fortified Jia. Mu Shu went to Zhou on a courtesy visit and also congratulated them on the wall. The Son of Heaven praised him for having ritual and gave him a great carriage.

晉侯嬖程鄭，使佐下軍。鄭行人公孫揮如晉聘。程鄭問焉，曰：“敢問降階何由？”子羽不能對。歸以語然明，然明曰：“是將死矣。不然將亡。貴而知懼，懼而思降，乃得其階，下人而已，又何問焉？且夫既登而求降階者，知人也，不在程鄭。其有亡釁乎？不然，其有惑疾，將死而憂也。”

The Marquis of Jin favored Cheng Zheng and made him assistant of the lower army. The Zheng envoy Gongsun Hui went to Jin on a courtesy visit. Cheng Zheng asked him: "May I ask where lowering one's rank comes from?" Ziyu could not answer. He returned and told Ranming, who said: "This man is about to die. If not, he will flee. He is honored yet knows fear; fearing, he wants to go down, and so he gets his rank, but it only places him beneath others; what is there to ask? Moreover, one who has already risen yet seeks to lower his rank is wise, and that is not Cheng Zheng. Perhaps there is a sign of exile? If not, perhaps he has an affliction of confusion and, about to die, is worried."

【經】二十有五年春，齊崔杼帥師伐我北鄙。夏五月乙亥，齊崔杼弒其君光。

[Classic] In the twenty-fifth year, spring, Cui Zhu of Qi led troops to attack our northern border. In summer, on the yihai day of the fifth month, Cui Zhu of Qi killed his ruler, Guang.

公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子於夷儀。六月壬子，鄭公孫舍之帥師入陳。秋八月己巳，諸侯同盟於重丘。公至自會。衛侯入於夷儀。楚屈建帥師滅舒鳩。冬，鄭公孫夏帥師伐陳。十有二月，吳子遏伐楚，門於巢，卒。

Duke Xiang met the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Lesser Zhu at Yiyi. On the renzi day of the sixth month, Gongsun Sheizhi of Zheng led troops into Chen. In autumn, on the jisi day of the eighth month, the lords made a covenant together at Zhongqiu. The duke returned from the meeting. The Marquis of Wei entered Yiyi. Qu Jian of Chu led troops and destroyed Shujiu. In winter, Gongsun Xia of Zheng led troops to attack Chen. In the twelfth month, the Viscount of Wu, E, attacked Chu, assaulted the gate of Chao, and died.

【傳】二十五年春，齊崔杼帥師伐我北鄙，以報孝伯之師也。公患之，使告於晉。孟公綽曰：“崔子將有大志，不在病我，必速歸，何患焉！其來也不寇，使民不嚴，異於他日。”齊師徒歸。

[Commentary] In the twenty-fifth year, spring, Cui Zhu of Qi led troops to attack our northern border, in revenge for Xiaobo's campaign. Duke Xiang was worried and sent word to Jin. Meng Gongchuo said: "Master Cui has great ambitions; it is not his aim to trouble us, and he will surely go back soon; why worry! He came without plundering and did not work the people harshly, which is different from the past." The Qi army went back empty-handed.

齊棠公之妻，東郭偃之姊也。東郭偃臣崔武子。棠公死，偃御武子以吊焉。

The wife of Duke Tang of Qi was the elder sister of Dongguo Yan. Dongguo Yan was a retainer of Cui Wuzi. When Duke Tang died, Yan drove the chariot for Wuzi to offer condolences.

見棠姜而美之，使偃取之。偃曰：“男女辨姓，今君出自丁，臣出自桓，不可。”

Seeing Tang Jiang, he found her beautiful and had Yan take her as his wife. Yan said: "Men and women must distinguish their surnames. Now my lord comes from Duke Ding and your servant from Duke Huan, so it cannot be done."

武子筮之，遇《困》ⅷⅴ之《大過》ⅷⅳ。史皆曰：“吉。”示陳文子，文子曰：“夫從風，風隕，妻不可娶也。且其《繇》曰：‘困於石，據於蒺藜，入於其宮，不見其妻，兇。’困於石，往不濟也。據於蒺藜，所恃傷也。入於其宮，不見其妻，兇，無所歸也。”崔子曰：“嫠也何害？先夫當之矣。”遂取之。莊公通焉，驟如崔氏。以崔子之冠賜人，侍者曰：“不可。”公曰：“不為崔子，其無冠乎？”崔子因是，又以其間伐晉也，曰：“晉必將報。”欲弒公以說於晉，而不獲間。

Wuzi divined with the milfoil and got the hexagram Kun changing into Daguo. The scribes all said: "Auspicious." He showed it to Chen Wenzi, who said: "The husband follows the wind, and when the wind falls, the wife may not be taken. Moreover its line text says: 'Hemmed in by a rock, leaning on thorns and brambles; entering his house, he does not see his wife: ill-omened.' Hemmed in by a rock, advancing will not succeed. Leaning on thorns and brambles, what one relies on will do harm. Entering his house and not seeing his wife is ill-omened, for there is nowhere to return to." Master Cui said: "What harm is there in a widow? The late husband has already borne it." So he married her. Duke Zhuang had an affair with her and went often to the Cui house. He gave away Master Cui's cap, and an attendant said: "You may not." The duke said: "Without Master Cui, would there be no caps?" Master Cui took this to heart, and also because the duke had exploited an opening to attack Jin, saying: "Jin will surely take revenge." He wanted to kill the duke to please Jin, but had no opportunity.

公鞭侍人賈舉而又近之，乃為崔子間公。

The duke had flogged the attendant Jia Ju but remained close to him, and so Jia Ju spied for Master Cui on the duke's openings.

夏五月，莒為且於之役故，莒子朝於齊。甲戌，饗諸北郭。崔子稱疾，不視事。乙亥，公問崔子，遂從姜氏。姜入於室，與崔子自側戶出。公拊楹而歌。侍人賈舉止眾從者，而入閉門。甲興，公登臺而請，弗許；請盟，弗許；請自刃於廟，勿許。皆曰：“君之臣杼疾病，不能聽命。近於公宮，陪臣幹掫有淫者，不知二命。”公逾牆。又射之，中股，反隊，遂弒之。賈舉，州綽、邴師、公孫敖、封具、鐸父、襄伊、僂堙皆死。祝佗父祭於高唐，至，覆命。不說弁而死於崔氏。申蒯侍漁者，退，謂其宰曰：“爾以帑免，我將死。”其宰曰：“免，是反子之義也。”與之皆死。崔氏殺融蔑於平陰。

In summer, in the fifth month, because of the battle of Qieyu, the Viscount of Ju came to pay court in Qi. On the jiaxu day he was feasted at the North Suburb. Master Cui pleaded illness and did not attend to affairs. On the yihai day the duke asked after Master Cui and then followed Lady Jiang. Jiang went into the inner chamber and left with Master Cui by a side door. The duke slapped a pillar and sang. The attendant Jia Ju stopped the followers, went in and closed the door. Armored men rose; the duke climbed a terrace and begged, and was not allowed; he begged to make a covenant and was not allowed; he begged to kill himself in the temple and was not allowed. They all said: "Your lord's servant Zhu is gravely ill and cannot hear commands. Near the ducal palace, retainers on night patrol seize adulterers; we know of no second command." The duke climbed over the wall. They shot him, hit him in the thigh, he fell, and they killed him. Jia Ju, Zhou Chuo, Bing Shi, Gongsun Ao, Feng Ju, Duo Fu, Xiang Yi and Lou Yin all died. Zhu Tuofu was offering sacrifice at Gaotang; on arriving, he reported back, and died at the Cui house without taking off his cap. Shen Kuai was a fishery attendant; he withdrew and said to his steward: "Take your family and flee; I will die." His steward said: "To flee would go against your righteousness," and died with him. The Cui clan killed Rong Mie at Pingyin.

晏子立於崔氏之門外，其人曰：“死乎？”曰：“獨吾君也乎哉？吾死也。”

Yanzi stood outside the gate of the Cui house, and his men said: "Will you die?" He said: "Was he only my own ruler? I will die."

曰：“行乎？”曰：“吾罪也乎哉？吾亡也。”“歸乎？”曰：“君死，安歸？君民者，豈以陵民？社稷是主。臣君者，豈為其口實，社稷是養。故君為社稷死，則死之；為社稷亡，則亡之。若為己死而為己亡，非其私暱，誰敢任之？且人有君而弒之，吾焉得死之，而焉得亡之？將庸何歸？”門啟而入，枕屍股而哭。興，三踴而出。人謂崔子：“必殺之！”崔子曰：“民之望也！舍之，得民。”盧蒲癸奔晉，王何奔莒。

They said: "Will you flee?" He said: "Is it my crime? I will go into exile." "Will you go home?" He said: "The ruler is dead; where would I return to? To be ruler of the people, is it to ride over the people? It is to preside over the altars of state. To be a ruler's minister, is it for his salary? It is to nurture and protect the altars of state. Therefore if the ruler dies for the altars of state, one dies for him; if he goes into exile for the altars of state, one goes into exile for him. If he dies for himself or goes into exile for himself, then unless he was one's private intimate, who would dare to bear it? Moreover, others had a ruler and killed him; how could I die for him, how could I flee for him? Where would I return to?" The gate opened and he went in, laid the corpse on his thigh and wept. He rose, stamped his feet three times and went out. Someone said to Master Cui: "You must kill him!" Master Cui said: "He is a man the people look up to! Let him go, and you can win the people's hearts." Lu Pugui fled to Jin, and Wang He fled to Ju.

叔孫宣伯之在齊也，叔孫還納其女於靈公。嬖，生景公。丁丑，崔杼立而相之。慶封為左相。盟國人於大宮，曰：“所不與崔、慶者。”晏子仰天嘆曰：“嬰所不唯忠於君利社稷者是與，有如上帝。”乃歃。辛巳，公與大夫及莒子盟。

When Shu Sun Xuanbo was in Qi, Shu Sun Huan had sent his daughter to Duke Ling. She was favored and bore Duke Jing. On the dingchou day, Cui Zhu set him up and became his assistant. Qing Feng was Left Chancellor. In the Great Hall they made a covenant with the people of the state, saying: "Whoever does not side with Cui and Qing..." Yanzi looked up at the sky and sighed: "If Ying does not side only with those who are loyal to the ruler and beneficial to the altars of state, may God be my witness." Then he smeared his mouth with blood. On the xinsi day the duke made a covenant with the grand officers and the Viscount of Ju.

大史書曰：“崔杼弒其君。”崔子殺之。其弟嗣書而死者，二人。其弟又書，乃舍之。南史氏聞大史盡死，執簡以往。聞既書矣，乃還。

The Grand Scribe recorded: "Cui Zhu killed his ruler." Master Cui killed him. His younger brother continued the record, and two who died because of it. His younger brother recorded it again, and so he was let go. When the Southern Scribe heard that the Grand Scribes had all died, he took his bamboo slips and went. Hearing that it had already been recorded, he turned back.

閭丘嬰以帷縛其妻而載之，與申鮮虞乘而出，鮮虞推而下之，曰：“君昏不能匡，危不能救，死不能死，而知匿其暱，其誰納之？”行及弇中，將舍。嬰曰：“崔、慶其追我！”鮮虞曰：“一與一，誰能懼我？”遂舍，枕轡而寢，食馬而食。駕而行，出弇中，謂嬰曰：“速驅之！崔、慶之眾，不可當也。”遂來奔。

Lüqiu Ying bound his wife in a curtain and loaded her in a chariot, and went out riding with Shen Xianyu. Xianyu pushed her off the chariot and said: "You could not set a disordered ruler right, could not rescue him from danger, and could not die with him when he died, yet you know to hide an intimate; who will take you in?" On reaching Yanzhong, they were about to stay for the night. Ying said: "Cui and Qing may pursue me!" Xianyu said: "One against one, who could make me afraid?" So he stayed, slept with his head on the reins, fed the horse and then ate himself. He drove on and left Yanzhong, and said to Ying: "Drive quickly! The troops of Cui and Qing cannot be resisted." So he came as a refugee.

崔氏側莊公於北郭。丁亥，葬諸士孫之裡，四翣，不蹕，下車七乘，不以兵甲。

The Cui clan placed Duke Zhuang's coffin at the North Suburb. On the dinghai day, he was buried in the village of Shisun, with four feather fans, without barring passersby, with seven carriages, and without weapons or armor.

晉侯濟自泮，會於夷儀，伐齊，以報朝歌之役。齊人以莊公說，使隰鉏請成。

The Marquis of Jin crossed at Pan and met at Yiyi, and attacked Qi in revenge for the battle of Chaoge. The people of Qi explained the matter of Duke Zhuang and sent Xi Chu to ask for peace.

慶封如師，男女以班。賂晉侯以宗器、樂器。自六正、五吏、三十帥、三軍之大夫、百官之正長、師旅及處守者，皆有賂。晉侯許之。使叔向告於諸侯。公使子服惠伯對曰：“君舍有罪，以靖小國，君之惠也。寡君聞命矣！”晉侯使魏舒、宛沒逆衛侯，將使衛與之夷儀。崔子止其帑，以求五鹿。

Qing Feng went to the army, with men and women in ranks. They bribed the Marquis of Jin with ancestral vessels and musical instruments. From the six chief ministers, the five officials, the thirty commanders, the grand officers of the three armies, the chiefs of the hundred offices, the divisions and brigades, to those left to guard, all received bribes. The Marquis of Jin agreed. He sent Shu Xiang to inform the lords. Duke Xiang sent Zifu Huibo to reply: "Your Lordship pardons the guilty in order to settle small states; this is Your Lordship's kindness. Our lord has heard the command!" The Marquis of Jin sent Wei Shu and Wan Mo to receive the Marquis of Wei and was to have Wei give him Yiyi. Master Cui detained his family in order to seek Wulu.

初，陳侯會楚子伐鄭，當陳隧者，井堙木刊。鄭人怨之，六月，鄭子展、子產帥車七百乘伐陳，宵突陳城，遂入之。陳侯扶其大子偃師奔墓，遇司馬桓子，曰：“載餘！”曰：“將巡城。”遇賈獲，載其母妻，下之，而授公車。公曰：“舍而母！”辭曰：“不祥。”與其妻扶其母以奔墓，亦免。子展命師無入公宮，與子產親御諸門。陳侯使司馬桓子賂以宗器。陳侯免，擁社。使其眾，男女別而累，以待於朝。子展執縶而見，再拜稽首，承飲而進獻。子美入，數俘而出。祝祓社，司徒致民，司馬致節，司空致地，乃還。

Earlier, the Marquis of Chen had joined the Viscount of Chu in attacking Zheng, and wherever the Chen army passed, wells were filled in and trees cut down. The people of Zheng resented this. In the sixth month, Zizhan and Zichan of Zheng led seven hundred chariots to attack Chen, assaulted the city of Chen by night and so entered it. The Marquis of Chen, supporting Crown Prince Yanshi, fled to the cemetery and met the Minister of War Huanzi, saying: "Take me up!" He said: "I am about to patrol the walls." He met Jia Huo, who was carrying his mother and wife; he made them get down and gave the chariot to the marquis. The marquis said: "Put down your mother!" He declined, saying: "It would be inauspicious." With his wife he helped his mother flee to the cemetery, and they too escaped the disaster. Zizhan ordered the army not to enter the ducal palace and with Zichan personally stood guard at the gate. The Marquis of Chen sent the Minister of War Huanzi to offer ancestral vessels as a bribe. The Marquis of Chen took off his upper garment and embraced the altar tablet of the soil. He had his people, men and women bound in separate groups, wait in the court. Zizhan entered carrying the rope for leading sacrificial animals, bowed twice and kowtowed, and presented the drinking vessel with both hands. Zimei went in, counted the captives and came out. The invocator performed the purification before the altar of the soil, the Minister of the Masses handed back the people, the Minister of War handed back the tallies, the Minister of Works handed back the land, and then they returned.

秋七月己巳，同盟於重丘，齊成故也。

In autumn, on the jisi day of the seventh month, a covenant was made together at Zhongqiu, because Qi had made peace.

趙文子為政，令薄諸侯之幣而重其禮。穆叔見之，謂穆叔曰：“自今以往，兵其少弭矣！齊崔、慶新得政，將求善於諸侯。武也知楚令尹。若敬行其禮，道之以文辭，以靖諸侯，兵可以弭。”

Zhao Wenzi was in charge of government and ordered that the tribute of the lords be lightened and ritual be made weightier. Mu Shu saw him. He said to Mu Shu: "From now on, perhaps warfare will somewhat subside! Qi's Cui and Qing have newly taken power and will seek friendship with the lords. Wu knows the chief minister of Chu. If we reverently carry out ritual and guide with fine words in order to settle the lords, warfare can be stopped."

楚薳子馮卒，屈建為令尹。屈蕩為莫敖。舒鳩人卒叛楚。令尹子木伐之，及離城。吳人救之，子木遽以右師先，子強、息桓、子捷、子駢、子盂帥左師以退。

Wei Zifeng of Chu died, and Qu Jian became chief minister. Qu Dang became Mo'ao. The people of Shujiu finally rebelled against Chu. The chief minister Zimu attacked them and reached Licheng. The people of Wu came to the rescue. Zimu hurriedly went ahead with the right army, while Ziqiang, Xi Huan, Zijie, Zipian and Zimeng led the left army in withdrawing.

吳人居其間七日。子強曰：“久將墊隘，隘乃禽也。不如速戰！請以其私卒誘之，簡師陳以待我。我克則進，奔則亦視之，乃可以免。不然，必為吳禽。”從之。

The people of Wu lay between them for seven days. Ziqiang said: "If this goes on, we shall be hard pressed and cramped, and cramped we shall be taken. It is better to strike quickly! Let us lure them with my private troops and have the picked troops form ranks and wait for me. If I win, we advance; if I am defeated and flee, we shall see; only then can we escape. Otherwise we shall surely be captured by Wu." This was followed.

五人以其私卒先擊吳師。吳師奔，登山以望，見楚師不繼，復逐之，傅諸其軍。

The five men attacked the Wu army first with their private troops. The Wu army fled, climbed a hill to look out, saw that the Chu army had not joined up, pursued again and pressed upon their main force.

簡師會之，吳師大敗。遂圍舒鳩，舒鳩潰。八月，楚滅舒鳩。

The picked troops joined up and the Wu army was greatly defeated. They then besieged Shujiu, and Shujiu collapsed. In the eighth month, Chu destroyed Shujiu.

衛獻公入於夷儀。

Duke Xian of Wei entered Yiyi.

鄭子產獻捷於晉，戎服將事。晉人問陳之罪，對曰：“昔虞閼父為周陶正，以服事我先王。我先王賴其利器用也，與其神明之後也，庸以元女大姬配胡公，而封諸陳，以備三恪。則我周之自出，至於今是賴。桓公之亂，蔡人慾立其出。

Zichan of Zheng presented spoils to Jin, performing the affair in military dress. The people of Jin asked about the crimes of Chen, and he answered: "Formerly Yu E'fu was the Master of Pottery of Zhou and served our former king. Our former king relied on the usefulness of his vessels and on his being a descendant of the divine, and so matched his eldest daughter Da Ji to Duke Hu and enfeoffed him in Chen, to complete the three honored lines. Thus we are maternal relatives of Zhou, and still rely on that today. In the disorder of Duke Huan, the people of Cai wanted to set up their own nephew.

我先君莊公奉五父而立之，蔡人殺之。我又與蔡人奉戴厲公，至於莊、宣，皆我之自立。夏氏之亂，成公播蕩，又我之自入，君所知也。今陳忘周之大德，蔑我大惠，棄我姻親，介恃楚眾，以憑陵我敝邑，不可億逞。我是以有往年之告。未獲成命，則有我東門之役。當陳隧者，井堙木刊。敝邑大懼不竟，而恥大姬。天誘其衷，啟敝邑之心。陳知其罪，授手於我。用敢獻功！”晉人曰：“何故侵小？”對曰：“先王之命，唯罪所在，各致其闢。且昔天子之地一圻，列國一同，自是以衰。今大國多數圻矣！若無侵小，何以至焉？”晉人曰：“何故戎服？”對曰：“我先君武、莊，為平、桓卿士。城濮之役，文公佈命，曰：‘各復舊職！’命我文公戎服輔王，以授楚捷，不敢廢王命故也。”士莊伯不能詰，復於趙文子。

Our former lord Duke Zhuang served Wufu and set up Duke Li, and the people of Cai killed him. We then again joined the people of Cai in serving and upholding Duke Li, and Dukes Zhuang and Xuan were both set up by ourselves. In the disorder of the Xia clan, Duke Cheng was driven from his seat, and again it was we who sent him back, as Your Lordship knows. Now Chen has forgotten the great virtue of Zhou, despised our great kindness, abandoned our marriage tie, and relying on the Chu troops has oppressed our humble state, with desires that cannot be satisfied. Because of this we made our report last year. Not having obtained a favorable command, there was our battle at the East Gate. Wherever the Chen army passed, wells were filled and trees cut down. Our humble state greatly feared not being strong enough, and thereby shaming Da Ji. Heaven led its heart and opened the intentions of our humble state. Chen knew its crime and placed its hands in ours. For this reason we dare to present the achievement!" The people of Jin said: "Why did you raid a small state?" He answered: "The command of the former kings was only to see where the crime lay and to apply punishment accordingly. Moreover, formerly the Son of Heaven's land was a thousand li, and the feudal states a hundred li, decreasing from there. Now the great states are many times a thousand li! If they had not raided small states, how could they have come to this?" The people of Jin said: "Why did you wear military dress?" He answered: "Our former lords Dukes Wu and Zhuang were ministers to Kings Ping and Huan. At the battle of Chengpu, Duke Wen issued an order, saying: 'Let each restore his old duties!' He ordered our Duke to wear military dress and assist the Son of Heaven in presenting the spoils of victory over Chu; it is because we dared not abandon the royal command." Shi Zhuangbo could not question him further and reported to Zhao Wenzi.

文子曰：“其辭順，犯順不祥。”乃受之。

Wenzi said: "His words are reasonable, and offending against what is reasonable is inauspicious." So he accepted them.

冬十月，子展相鄭伯如晉，拜陳之功。子西復伐陳，陳及鄭平。仲尼曰：“《志》有之：‘言以足志，文以足言。’不言，誰知其志？言之無文，行而不遠。晉為伯，鄭入陳，非文辭不為功。慎辭也！”楚蒍掩為司馬，子木使庀賦，數甲兵。甲午，蒍掩書土田，度山林，鳩藪澤，辨京陵，表淳滷，數疆潦，規偃豬，町原防，牧隰皋，井衍沃，量入修賦。賦車籍馬，賦車兵、徒卒、甲楯之數。既成，以授子木，禮也。

In winter, in the tenth month, Zizhan assisted the Earl of Zheng in going to Jin to give thanks for the achievement against Chen. Zixi again attacked Chen, and Chen made peace with Zheng. Zhongni said: "The Records have this saying: 'Words are for completing one's intention, and literary grace is for completing one's words.' If one does not speak, who knows his intention? If one speaks without grace, it does not travel far. When Jin became hegemon and Zheng entered Chen, without fine words it could not have succeeded. One must be careful with words!" Wei Yan of Chu became Minister of War, and Zimu had him regulate the military levies and take stock of armor and weapons. On the jiawu day, Wei Yan recorded the land and fields, measured the hills and forests, gathered the marshes, distinguished the highlands, marked the saline land, calculated the flooded land, planned the embankment ponds, divided the fields between dikes, assigned the low wet shores for pasture, and laid out the well-field system on the level fine land; he estimated the yield and revised the military levies. For chariots he recorded the horses, and for chariot soldiers, foot soldiers, armor and shields he recorded the numbers. When it was done, he handed it to Zimu, and this accorded with ritual.

十二月，吳子諸樊伐楚，以報舟師之役。門於巢。巢牛臣曰：“吳王勇而輕，若啟之，將親門。我獲射之，必殪。是君也死，疆其少安！”從之。吳子門焉，牛臣隱於短牆以射之，卒。

In the twelfth month, Zhufan, Viscount of Wu, attacked Chu, in revenge for the naval battle. He assaulted the gate of Chao. Niuchen of Chao said: "The King of Wu is brave but rash; if we open the gate, he will attack the gate himself. If I can shoot him, I will surely shoot him dead. If this king dies, the borders will be somewhat at peace!" This was followed. The Viscount of Wu attacked the gate, and Niuchen hid behind a low wall and shot him, and he died.

楚子以滅舒鳩賞子木。辭曰：“先大夫蒍子之功也。”以與蒍掩。

Because of the destruction of Shujiu, the Viscount of Chu rewarded Zimu. He declined, saying: "It was the achievement of the former grand officer Wei Zi." It was given to Wei Yan.

晉程鄭卒。子產始知然明，問為政焉。對曰：“視民如子。見不仁者誅之，如鷹鸇之逐鳥雀也。”子產喜，以語子大叔，且曰：“他日吾見蔑之面而已，今吾見其心矣。”子大叔問政於子產。子產曰：“政如農功，日夜思之，思其始而成其終。朝夕而行之，行無越思，如農之有畔。其過鮮矣。”

Cheng Zheng of Jin died. Zichan began to know Ranming and asked him about governing. He answered: "Look on the people as sons. When you see the unkind, execute them, as hawks and kestrels chase birds and sparrows." Zichan was pleased and told Zi Dashu, adding: "Formerly I saw only Mie's face; now I see his heart." Zi Dashu asked Zichan about government. Zichan said: "Government is like farm work: think about it day and night, think of its beginning and bring about its end. Carry it out morning and evening, and let your actions not exceed what you have thought, as a field has its boundaries. Then mistakes will be few."

衛獻公自夷儀使與寧喜言，寧喜許之。大叔文子聞之，曰：“烏乎！《詩》所謂‘我躬不說，皇恤我後’者，寧子可謂不恤其後矣。將可乎哉？殆必不可。

Duke Xian of Wei sent someone from Yiyi to speak with Ning Xi, and Ning Xi agreed. Da Shu Wenzi heard of it and said: "Ah! As the Odes say, 'I myself am not yet tolerated; how can I care about my descendants?' Master Ning may be said not to care about his descendants. Will it work? Surely it will not.

君子之行，思其終也，思其復也。《書》曰：‘慎始而敬終，終以不困。’《詩》曰：‘夙夜匪解，以事一人。’今寧子視君不如弈棋，其何以免乎？弈者舉棋不定，不勝其耦。而況置君而弗定乎？必不免矣。九世之卿族，一舉而滅之。可哀也哉！”會於夷儀之歲，齊人城郟。其五月，秦、晉為成。晉韓起如秦蒞盟，秦伯車如晉蒞盟，成而不結。

In a gentleman's actions, he thinks of the end and thinks of the repetition. The Book says: 'Be careful at the beginning and respect the end, and so the end is not in difficulty.' The Odes say: 'Morning and night without laxity, to serve the one man.' Now Master Ning treats his ruler worse than a game of chess; how can he escape? One who plays chess and cannot settle on a move cannot beat his opponent. How much more so for installing a ruler without being firm? He will surely not escape. A ministerial clan of nine generations will perish with a single act. How sad!" In the year of the meeting at Yiyi, the people of Qi fortified Jia. In the fifth month of that year, Qin and Jin made peace. Han Qi of Jin went to Qin to take part in the covenant, and Bo Che of Qin went to Jin to take part in the covenant, but the peace was not firm.

【經】二十有六年春王二月辛卯，衛寧喜弒其君剽。衛孫林父入於戚以叛。

[Classic] In the twenty-sixth year, spring, the second month by the Zhou royal calendar, on the xinmao day, Ning Xi of Wei killed his ruler, Piao. Sun Linfu of Wei entered Qi and rebelled.

甲午，衛侯衎復歸於衛。夏，晉侯使荀吳來聘。公會晉人、鄭良霄、宋人、曹人於澶淵。秋，宋公殺其世子痤。晉人執衛寧喜。八月壬午，許男寧卒於楚。冬，楚子、蔡侯、陳侯伐鄭。葬許靈公。

On the jiawu day, Kan, Marquis of Wei, returned again to Wei. In summer, the Marquis of Jin sent Xun Wu on a courtesy visit. Duke Xiang met the men of Jin, Liang Xiao of Zheng, and the men of Song and Cao at Chanyuan. In autumn, the Duke of Song killed his heir Cuo. The people of Jin seized Ning Xi of Wei. On the renwu day of the eighth month, Ning, Baron of Xu, died in Chu. In winter, the Viscount of Chu, the Marquis of Cai and the Marquis of Chen attacked Zheng. Duke Ling of Xu was buried.

【傳】二十六年春，秦伯之弟針如晉修成，叔向命召行人子員。行人子朱曰：“朱也當御。”三云，叔向不應。子朱怒，曰：“班爵同，何以黜朱於朝？”撫劍從之。叔向曰：“秦、晉不和久矣！今日之事，幸而集，晉國賴之。不集，三軍暴骨。子員道二國之言無私，子常易之。奸以事君者，吾所能御也。”拂衣從之。人救之。平公曰：“晉其庶乎！吾臣之所爭者大。”師曠曰：“公室懼卑。

[Commentary] In the twenty-sixth year, spring, the younger brother of the Earl of Qin, Zhen, went to Jin to renew good relations, and Shu Xiang gave the order to summon the envoy Ziyuan. The envoy Zizhu said: "Zhu should be on duty." He said it three times, and Shu Xiang did not agree. Zizhu was angry and said: "We are of equal rank; why do you demote Zhu in the court?" He put his hand on his sword and followed him. Shu Xiang said: "Qin and Jin have been at odds for a long time! In today's affair, if it succeeds by luck, Jin will rely on it. If it fails, the three armies will lie exposed in death. Ziyuan conveys the words between the two states without private motives, while you keep changing them. Those who serve the ruler with treachery, I can resist." He brushed his sleeves and followed. People pulled them apart. Duke Ping said: "Jin may be nearly in order! What my ministers contend about is a great matter." Shi Kuang said: "I fear the ducal house will decline.

臣不心競而力爭，不務德而爭善，私慾已侈，能無卑乎？”衛獻公使子鮮為復，辭。敬姒強命之。對曰：“君無信，臣懼不免。”敬姒曰：“雖然，以吾故也。”許諾。初，獻公使與寧喜言，寧喜曰：“必子鮮在，不然必敗。”故公使子鮮。子鮮不獲命於敬姒，以公命與寧喜言，曰：“苟反，政由寧氏，祭則寡人。”寧喜告蘧伯玉，伯玉曰：“瑗不得聞君之出，敢聞其入？”遂行，從近關出。告右宰谷，右宰谷曰：“不可。獲罪於兩君，天下誰畜之？”悼子曰：“吾受命於先人，不可以貳。”谷曰：“我請使焉而觀之。”遂見公於夷儀。反曰：“君淹恤在外十二年矣，而無憂色，亦無寬言，猶夫人也。若不已，死無日矣。”悼子曰：“子鮮在。”右宰谷曰：“子鮮在，何益？多而能亡，於我何為？”悼子曰：“雖然，不可以已。”孫文子在戚，孫嘉聘於齊，孫襄居守。

Ministers do not compete in their hearts but fight with force, do not devote themselves to virtue but vie to be called good, and their private desires are already excessive; how can the house not decline?" Duke Xian of Wei had Zixian seek his restoration, and he declined. Jing Si pressed him by order. He answered: "The lord has no good faith, and I fear I will not escape." Jing Si said: "Even so, do it for my sake." He agreed. Earlier, Duke Xian had sent someone to speak with Ning Xi, and Ning Xi had said: "Zixian must be present, or it will surely fail." So the duke sent Zixian. Zixian had not received an order from Jing Si and spoke to Ning Xi in the duke's name, saying: "If I return, the government will be in the hands of the Ning clan, and the sacrifices will be mine." Ning Xi told Qu Boyu, and Boyu said: "Yuan could not hear of the lord's going out; would he dare to hear of his coming in?" So he left, going out by the nearest pass. He told Youzai Gu, who said: "It cannot be done. Having offended two rulers, who in the world would take you in?" Daozi said: "I received my command from my forebears and may not have a divided heart." Gu said: "Let me go as an envoy to observe." So he saw the duke at Yiyi. Returning, he said: "The lord has been in distress abroad for twelve years and shows no look of sorrow and has no generous words; he is still the same man. If he does not stop, he will not live many more days." Daozi said: "Zixian is there." Youzai Gu said: "What good is it that Zixian is there? At most he can flee; what can he do to us?" Daozi said: "Even so, we cannot stop." Sun Wenzi was at Qi; Sun Jia went to Qi on a courtesy visit, and Sun Xiang stayed to guard.