Duke Zhao (First to Thirty-second Year)

員曰：“彼將有他志。餘姑為之求士，而鄙以待之。”乃見鱄設諸焉，而耕於鄙。

Yun said: "He will have other ambitions. For now I will seek a warrior for him and wait at the border." So he introduced Zhuan She Zhu, who was farming at the border.

宋元公無信多私，而惡華、向。華定、華亥與向寧謀曰：“亡愈於死，先諸？”華亥偽有疾，以誘群公子。公子問之，則執之。夏六月丙申，殺公子寅、公子御戎、公子朱、公子固、公孫援、公孫丁，拘向勝、向行於其廩。公如華氏請焉，弗許，遂劫之。癸卯，取大子欒與母弟辰、公子地以為質。公亦取華亥之子無戚、向寧之子羅、華定之子啟，與華氏盟，以為質。

Duke Yuan of Song was without good faith and had many selfish aims, and he hated the Hua and Xiang clans. Hua Ding and Hua Hai plotted with Xiang Ning, saying: "Fleeing is better than dying; shall we strike first?" Hua Hai feigned illness to lure the various princes. When a prince went to inquire after him, he was seized. In summer, on the bingshen day of the sixth month, they killed Prince Yin, Prince Yurong, Prince Zhu, Prince Gu, Gongsun Yuan, and Gongsun Ding, and detained Xiang Sheng and Xiang Xing in the granary. The Duke went to the Hua clan to plead, and they would not allow it, and so they seized him. On the guimao day, they took the crown prince Luan, his full brother Chen, and Prince Di as hostages. The Duke also took Hua Hai's son Wuqi, Xiang Ning's son Luo, and Hua Ding's son Qi, and made a covenant with the Hua clan, using them as hostages.

衛公孟縶狎齊豹，奪之司寇與鄄，有役則反之，無則取之。公孟惡北宮喜、褚師圃，欲去之。公子朝通於襄夫人宣姜，懼，而欲以作亂。故齊豹、北宮喜、褚師圃、公子朝作亂。

Gongmeng Zhi of Wei treated Qi Bao with contempt, taking away his office as Minister of Justice and the town of Juan, returning them when there was labor to be done and taking them back when there was none. Gongmeng hated Beigong Xi and Chushi Pu and wished to remove them. Prince Chao had an affair with Lady Xiang, Xuan Jiang, and was afraid, and wished to make trouble. So Qi Bao, Beigong Xi, Chushi Pu, and Prince Chao rebelled.

初，齊豹見宗魯於公孟，為驂乘焉。將作亂，而謂之曰：“公孟之不善，子所知也。勿與乘，吾將殺之。”對曰：“吾由子事公孟，子假吾名焉，故不吾遠也。雖其不善，吾亦知之。抑以利故，不能去，是吾過也。今聞難而逃，是僣子也。子行事乎，吾將死之，以周事子，而歸死於公孟，其可也。”

At the outset, Qi Bao introduced Zong Lu to Gongmeng, and he served as the chariot-rider on the right. When about to rebel, Qi Bao said to him: "Gongmeng is not good, as you know. Do not ride with him; I will kill him." He answered: "I came to serve Gongmeng through you; you lent me your name, and so he did not keep me at a distance. Even if he is not good, I know it. But because of profit I could not leave; that is my fault. Now if I flee on hearing of danger, I would offend you. Go ahead and act; I will die for this, to complete my service to you, by going back and dying with Gongmeng; I think that may do."

丙辰，衛侯在平壽，公孟有事於蓋獲之門外，齊子氏帷於門外而伏甲焉。使祝蛙置戈於車薪以當門，使一乘從公孟以出。使華齊御公孟，宗魯驂乘。及閎中，齊氏用戈擊公孟，宗魯以背蔽之，斷肱，以中公孟之肩，皆殺之。

On the bingchen day, the Marquis of Wei was at Pingshou, and Gongmeng had business outside the gate of Gaihuo, where Qi Bao's party had set up a curtain outside the gate and hidden armed men. They sent Zhu Wa to put a dagger-axe on the cart's firewood to block the gate, and sent one carriage to follow Gongmeng out. They had Hua Qi drive for Gongmeng, with Zong Lu as the chariot-rider. When they reached Hongzhong, the Qi clan struck Gongmeng with a dagger-axe; Zong Lu shielded him with his back, his arm was broken, and the blow struck Gongmeng's shoulder, and both were killed.

公聞亂，乘，驅自閱門入，慶比御公，公南楚驂乘，使華寅乘貳車。及公宮，鴻魋駟乘於公，公載寶以出。褚師子申遇公於馬路之衢，遂從。過齊氏，使華寅肉袒，執蓋以當其闕。齊氏射公，中南楚之背，公遂出。寅閉郭門，逾而從公。公如死鳥，析朱鉏宵從竇出，徒行從公。

The Duke heard of the disorder and rode in a carriage, galloping in through the Yue Gate, with Qing Bi driving for the Duke, Gongnan Chu as chariot-rider, and Hua Yin riding in the secondary carriage. When they reached the ducal palace, Hong Tui rode as the fourth man in the Duke's carriage, and the Duke came out carrying the treasures. Chushi Zishen met the Duke at the crossroads and then followed him. Passing the Qi clan, the Duke had Hua Yin bare his shoulder and hold a canopy to block the breach. The Qi clan shot at the Duke and hit Nan Chu on the back, and the Duke then got out. Yin closed the outer-city gate and climbed over to follow the Duke. When the Duke reached Sibird, Xi Zhuchu went out at night through a culvert and followed the Duke on foot.

齊侯使公孫青聘於衛。既出，聞衛亂，使請所聘。公曰：“猶在竟內，則衛君也。”乃將事焉。遂從諸死鳥，請將事。辭曰：“亡人不佞，失守社稷，越在草莽，吾子無所辱君命。”賓曰：“寡君命下臣於朝，曰：‘阿下執事。’臣不敢貳。”主人曰：“君若惠顧先君之好，昭臨敝邑，鎮撫其社稷，則有宗祧在。”

The Marquis of Qi sent Gongsun Qing to Wei on a friendly mission. He had already set out when he heard of the disorder in Wei and sent a man to ask for instructions about the visit. The Duke said: "As long as he is still within the borders, he is the ruler of Wei." So he was about to carry out the visit. He followed to Sibird and asked to carry out the visit. The Duke declined, saying: "The one who has fled is without talent, has lost the altars of the state, and is out in the wilds; there is nothing here worth your humbling the ruler's command." The envoy said: "Our ruler commanded his servant in court: 'Be close to the officials below.' I dare not have a divided heart." The host said: "If you, my lord, would be kind enough to remember the friendship of the former rulers, shine upon our humble state, and pacify the altars of the state, then the ancestral temple is there."

乃止。衛侯固請見之，不獲命，以其良馬見，為未致使故也。衛侯以為乘馬。賓將掫，主人辭曰：“亡人之憂，不可以及吾子。草莽之中，不足以辱從者。敢辭。”賓曰：“寡君之下臣，君之牧圉也。若不獲扞外役，是不有寡君也。臣懼不免於戾，請以除死。”親執鐸，終夕與於燎。

So he stopped. The Marquis of Wei insisted on asking to see him but was not permitted, and so he used his fine horses to have the audience, because the mission was not yet completed. The Marquis of Wei made them his riding horses. The envoy was about to patrol at night, and the host declined, saying: "A fugitive's worries should not fall on you. In the wilds it is not worth humbling your attendants. I dare decline." The envoy said: "Our ruler's servant is the herdsman and groom of our ruler. If I cannot defend against external threats, I have no heart for our ruler. I fear I would not escape punishment, and ask to do this so as to avoid death." He himself held the bell and took part all night in the signal fires.

齊氏之宰渠子召北宮子。北宮氏之宰不與聞謀，殺渠子，遂伐齊氏，滅之。

The steward of the Qi clan, Qu Zi, summoned Beigong Zi. The steward of the Beigong clan had not taken part in the plot, and killed Qu Zi, and then attacked the Qi clan and destroyed it.

丁巳晦，公入，與北宮喜盟於彭水之上。秋七月戊午朔，遂盟國人。八月辛亥，公子朝、褚師圃、子玉霄、子高魴出奔晉。閏月戊辰，殺宣姜。衛侯賜北宮喜諡曰貞子，賜析朱鉏諡曰成子，而以齊氏之墓予之。

On the last day of the dingsi month, the Duke entered and made a covenant with Beigong Xi on the Peng River. In autumn, on the first day of the wuwu of the seventh month, he made a covenant with the people of the state. In the eighth month, on the xinhai day, Prince Chao, Chushi Pu, Zi Yuxiao, and Zi Gaofang fled to Jin. In the intercalary month, on the wuchen day, Xuan Jiang was killed. The Marquis of Wei bestowed on Beigong Xi the posthumous title Zhenzi and on Xi Zhuchu the posthumous title Chengzi, and gave them the burial ground of the Qi clan.

衛侯告寧於齊，且言子石。齊侯將飲酒，遍賜大夫曰：“二三子之教也。”

The Marquis of Wei reported peace to Qi and also spoke of Zi Shi. The Marquis of Qi, about to drink, gave gifts to all the high officers, saying: "This is thanks to your instruction."

苑何忌辭，曰：“與於青之賞，必及於其罰。在《康誥》曰：‘父子兄弟，罪不相及。’況在群臣？臣敢貪君賜以幹先王？”琴張聞宗魯死，將往吊之。仲尼曰：“齊豹之盜，而孟縶之賊，女何吊焉？君子不食奸，不受亂，不為利疚於回，不以回待人，不蓋不義，不犯非禮。”

Yuan Heji declined, saying: "One who shares in Qing's rewards must also reach his punishment. The Announcement to Kang says: 'Father and son, elder and younger brother, their offenses do not reach one another.' How much more among the ministers? How dare I covet my ruler's gift and offend against the former kings?" Qin Zhang heard that Zong Lu had died and was about to go and offer condolences. Zhongni said: "Qi Bao was a robber and Meng Zhi a villain; what condolences will you offer? The gentleman does not eat from the treacherous, does not accept disorder, does not feel guilt in wickedness for profit, does not treat others by wickedness, does not cover up injustice, and does not violate what is not ritual."

宋華、向之亂，公子城、公孫忌、樂舍、司馬強、向宜、向鄭、楚建、郳甲出奔鄭。其徒與華氏戰於鬼閻，敗子城。子城適晉。華亥與其妻必盥而食所質公子者而後食。公與夫人每日必適華氏，食公子而後歸。華亥患之，欲歸公子。

In the disorder of the Hua and Xiang clans of Song, Prince Cheng, Gongsun Ji, Yue She, Sima Qiang, Xiang Yi, Xiang Zheng, Chu Jian, and Ni Jia fled to Zheng. Their followers fought with the Hua clan at Guiyan and defeated Zi Cheng. Zi Cheng went to Jin. Hua Hai and his wife would always wash their hands and give food to the princes held as hostages before eating themselves. The Duke and the Lady would go to the Hua clan every day, give food to the princes, and then return. Hua Hai was worried and wished to return the princes.

向寧曰：“唯不信，故質其子。若又歸之，死無日矣。”公請於華費遂，將攻華氏。對曰：“臣不敢愛死，無乃求去憂而滋長乎！臣是以懼，敢不聽命？”公曰：“子死亡有命，餘不忍其訽。”冬十月，公殺華、向之質而攻之。戊辰，華、向奔陳，華登奔吳。向寧欲殺大子，華亥曰：“幹君而出，又殺其子，其誰納我？且歸之有庸。”使少司寇牼以歸，曰：“子之齒長矣，不能事人，以三公子為質，必免。”公子既入，華牼將自門行。公遽見之，執其手曰：“餘知而無罪也，入，復而所。”

Xiang Ning said: "It is only because they are not trustworthy that we took his sons as hostages. If we return them as well, we will have only a few days to live." The Duke asked Hua Feisui to attack the Hua clan. He answered: "I dare not spare my life, but I fear that seeking to remove a worry will make it grow! For this I am afraid; how dare I not obey the command?" The Duke said: "Whether my sons live or die is fated; I cannot bear such abuse." In winter, in the tenth month, the Duke killed the hostages of the Hua and Xiang clans and attacked them. On the wuchen day, the Hua and Xiang clans fled to Chen, and Hua Deng fled to Wu. Xiang Ning wished to kill the crown prince, but Hua Hai said: "After offending the ruler and leaving, to kill his son as well, who would receive us? Besides, returning him will count as merit." He sent Hua Keng, the Junior Minister of Justice, to escort him back, saying: "You are advanced in age and cannot serve others; take the three princes as hostages, and you will surely avoid disaster." The prince had already entered, and Hua Keng was about to leave through the gate. The Duke hurriedly saw him, took his hand, and said: "I know you are without guilt; go in and restore your residence."

齊侯疥，遂痁，期而不瘳，諸侯之賓問疾者多在。梁丘據與裔款言於公曰：“吾事鬼神豐，於先君有加矣。今君疾病，為諸侯憂，是祝史之罪也。諸侯不知，其謂我不敬。君盍誅於祝固、史囂以辭賓？”公說，告晏子。晏子曰：“日宋之盟，屈建問範會之德於趙武。趙武曰：‘夫子之家事治，言於晉國，竭情無私。

The Marquis of Qi developed scabies and then malaria, which did not heal for a year, and many guests from the feudal lords came to ask after his illness. Liang Qiu Ju and Yi Kuan said to the Duke: "We have served the spirits generously, more than our former rulers. Now Your Majesty is ill and has become a worry to the feudal lords; this is the fault of the invocators and scribes. The feudal lords do not know it, and probably say that we are irreverent. Why does my lord not execute the invocator Gu and the scribe Xiao to apologize to the guests?" The Duke was pleased and told Master Yan. Master Yan said: "In the past, at the covenant of Song, Qu Jian asked Zhao Wu about the virtue of Fan Hui. Zhao Wu said: 'The Master managed his household affairs well and, speaking in Jin, was wholehearted without selfishness.

其祝史祭祀，陳信不愧。其家事無猜，其祝史不祈。’建以語康王，康王曰：‘神人無怨，宜夫子之光輔五君，以為諸侯主也。’”公曰：“據與款謂寡人能事鬼神，故欲誅於祝史。子稱是語，何故？”對曰：“若有德之君，外內不廢，上下無怨，動無違事，其祝史薦信，無愧心矣。是以鬼神用饗，國受其福，祝史與焉。其所以蕃祉老壽者，為信君使也，其言忠信於鬼神。其適遇淫君，外內頗邪，上下怨疾，動作辟違，從欲厭私。高臺深池，撞鐘舞女，斬刈民力，輸掠其聚，以成其違，不恤後人。暴虐淫從，肆行非度，無所還忌，不思謗讟，不憚鬼神，神怒民痛，無悛於心。其祝史薦信，是言罪也。其蓋失數美，是矯誣也。進退無辭，則虛以求媚。是以鬼神不饗其國以禍之，祝史與焉。所以夭昏孤疾者，為暴君使也。其言僣嫚於鬼神。”公曰：“然則若之何？”對曰：“不可為也：山林之木，衡鹿守之；澤之萑蒲，舟鮫守之；藪之薪蒸，虞候守之。海之鹽蜃，祈望守之。縣鄙之人，入從其政。逼介之關，暴徵其私。承嗣大夫，強易其賄。

His invocators and scribes in their sacrifices set out sincerity without shame. His household affairs had no suspicion, and the invocators and scribes did not have to pray.' Jian told King Kang, and King Kang said: 'Spirits and men have no grievance; no wonder the Master illuminated and assisted five rulers and was leader of the feudal lords.'" The Duke said: "Ju and Kuan said that I can serve the spirits, and so they wanted to execute the invocators and scribes. Why do you say these things?" He answered: "If it is a ruler of virtue, who does not neglect inner and outer affairs, who has no grievance above and below, whose actions do not go against what is right, and whose invocators and scribes present sincerity without a feeling of shame, then the spirits partake of the offerings, the state receives blessing, and the invocators and scribes share in it. So they can bring abundant good fortune and long life, because they serve as emissaries for a sincere ruler, and their words are loyal and truthful to the spirits. But if one happens upon a licentious ruler, whose inner and outer affairs are lopsided and wicked, whom those above and below resent, who acts wickedly and perversely, and indulges his desires to satisfy his private wishes, with high terraces and deep ponds, bell-striking and dancing girls, slashing the people's strength, sending off plundered stores to accomplish his wrongs, not caring for later generations, tyrannical, licentious, and unrestrained, without law or scruple, not minding resentment and slander, not fearing the spirits, so that the spirits are angry and the people suffer, and in his heart he does not mend his ways, then if the invocators and scribes present sincerity, they are speaking of his crimes. If they cover up faults and praise virtues, that is deception. If in advancing and retreating they have no words, they emptily seek favor. So the spirits do not partake of his state and send down calamity, and the invocators and scribes share in it. So early deaths, orphans, and sickness are because they serve as emissaries for a tyrant. Their words to the spirits are presumptuous and contemptuous." The Duke said: "Then what is to be done?" He answered: "Nothing can be done. The timber of the mountain forests is watched by the Heng and Lu officers; the reeds and rushes of the marshes by the Zhou and Jiao officers; the firewood of the wetlands by the Yu and Hou officers; the salt and clams of the sea by the Qi and Wang officers. The people of the counties and outlying districts come to follow government service. At nearby passes, their private goods are taxed tyrannically. Successor high officers forcibly exchange their goods.

布常無藝，征斂無度；宮室日更，淫樂不違。內寵之妾，肆奪於市；外寵之臣，僣令於鄙。私慾養求，不給則應。民人苦病，夫婦皆詛。祝有益也，詛亦有損。

Regulations are issued without limit, and levies are collected without measure; palaces are changed daily and licentious pleasures never cease. Concubines favored within seize things recklessly in the market, and ministers favored without issue orders presumptuously in the borderlands. Private desires demand supplies, and if they are not provided, punishment is promptly meted out. The people suffer, and husbands and wives together curse. Invocation has benefit, but cursing also does harm.

聊、攝以東，姑、尤以西，其為人也多矣。雖其善祝，豈能勝億兆人之詛？君若欲誅於祝史，修德而後可。”公說，使有司寬政，毀關，去禁，薄斂，已責。

East of Liao and She, west of Gu and You, the people there are many. Even if one is good at invocation, how could he prevail over the curses of hundreds of thousands of people? If my lord wishes to execute the invocators and scribes, he must first cultivate virtue, and then it can be done." The Duke was pleased, and had the officials relax the government, tear down the passes, remove prohibitions, lighten levies, and cancel debts.

十二月，齊侯田於沛，招虞人以弓，不進。公使執之，辭曰：“昔我先君之田也，旃以招大夫，弓以招士，皮冠以招虞人。臣不見皮冠，故不敢進。”乃舍之。仲尼曰：“守道不如守官，君子韙之。”

In the twelfth month, the Marquis of Qi hunted at Pei and summoned the forest warden with a bow, but he did not advance. The Duke sent men to seize him, and he declined, saying: "In the past when our former rulers hunted, they summoned high officers with a banner, summoned gentlemen with a bow, and summoned foresters with a leather cap. I did not see the leather cap, so I dared not advance." So he was released. Zhongni said: "To keep to the Way is not as good as to keep to one's office; the gentleman holds this to be right."

齊侯至自田，晏子侍於遄臺，子猶馳而造焉。公曰：“唯據與我和夫！”晏子對曰：“據亦同也，焉得為和？”公曰：“和與同異乎？”對曰：“異。和如羹焉，水火醯醢鹽梅以烹魚肉，燀之以薪。宰夫和之，齊之以味，濟其不及，以洩其過。君子食之，以平其心。君臣亦然。君所謂可而有否焉，臣獻其否以成其可。君所謂否而有可焉，臣獻其可以去其否。是以政平而不幹，民無爭心。故《詩》曰：‘亦有和羹，既戒既平。鬷嘏無言，時靡有爭。’先王之濟五味，和五聲也，以平其心，成其政也。聲亦如味，一氣，二體，三類，四物，五聲，六律，七音，八風，九歌，以相成也。清濁，小大，短長，疾徐，哀樂，剛柔，遲速，高下，出入，周疏，以相濟也。君子聽之，以平其心。心平，德和。故《詩》曰：‘德音不瑕。’今據不然。君所謂可，據亦曰可；君所謂否，據亦曰否。若以水濟水，誰能食之？若琴瑟之專一，誰能聽之？同之不可也如是。”

The Marquis of Qi returned from hunting, and Master Yan was attending him on the Chuan Terrace when Ziyou arrived galloping on horseback. The Duke said: "Only Ju is in harmony with me!" Master Yan answered: "Ju is the same as you; how can that be called harmony?" The Duke said: "Is there a difference between harmony and sameness?" He answered: "There is a difference. Harmony is like a soup: water, fire, vinegar, pickled sauce, salt, and plum are used to cook fish and meat, with firewood to heat it. The cook blends them, using flavors to even them out, making up what is lacking and reducing what is excessive. When the gentleman eats it, it calms his heart. Ruler and minister are likewise. What the ruler calls acceptable yet has something unacceptable in it, the minister presents the unacceptable to make it acceptable. What the ruler calls unacceptable yet has something acceptable in it, the minister presents the acceptable to remove the unacceptable. Thus government is level without offense, and the people have no contentious heart. So the Odes say: 'There is also a blended soup, both seasoned and balanced. In the general offering there are no words, and at all times there is no contention.' The former kings balanced the five flavors and harmonized the five tones to calm the heart and complete government. Sound is also like flavor: one breath, two bodies, three kinds, four things, five tones, six pitch-pipes, seven notes, eight winds, nine songs, all completing one another. Clear and muddy, small and large, short and long, fast and slow, sorrowful and joyful, hard and soft, slow and quick, high and low, entering and leaving, dense and sparse, are used to balance one another. When the gentleman listens, it calms his heart. When the heart is calm, virtue is harmonious. So the Odes say: 'Virtuous sound has no flaw.' But now Ju is not like this. What the ruler calls acceptable, Ju also calls acceptable; what the ruler calls unacceptable, Ju also calls unacceptable. If one were to use water to season water, who could eat it? If a zither and lute played only a single note, who could listen? Sameness cannot be like this."

飲酒樂。公曰：“古而無死，其樂若何？”晏子對曰：“古而無死，則古之樂也，君何得焉？昔爽鳩氏始居此地，季萴因之，有逢伯陵因之，蒲姑氏因之，而後大公因之。古者無死，爽鳩氏之樂，非君所願也。”

They drank with pleasure. The Duke said: "If no one had died since antiquity, how would that joy be?" Master Yan answered: "If no one had died since antiquity, that would be the joy of antiquity; what would my lord obtain from it? Long ago the Shuangjiu clan first lived in this land, then Jikui took over, then Youpang Boling took over, then the Pugu clan took over, and then Taigong took over. If no one had died in antiquity, it would be the joy of the Shuangjiu clan, not what my lord would wish."

鄭子產有疾，謂子大叔曰：“我死，子必為政。唯有德者能以寬服民，其次莫如猛。夫火烈，民望而畏之，故鮮死焉。水懦弱，民狎而玩之，則多死焉。故寬難。”疾數月而卒。大叔為政，不忍猛而寬。鄭國多盜，取人於萑苻之澤。大叔悔之，曰：“吾早從夫子，不及此。”興徒兵以攻萑苻之盜，盡殺之，盜少止。

Zi Chan of Zheng was ill and said to Zi Daxu: "When I die, you will surely take over the government. Only one with virtue can make the people submit by leniency; next to that, nothing is as good as severity. Fire is fierce, and the people look at it and fear it, so few die from it. Water is soft, and the people take it lightly and play with it, so many die. So leniency is difficult." After several months of illness he died. Daxu took over the government and could not bear to be severe and used leniency. Zheng had many bandits, who were gathering in the marsh of Huanfu. Daxu regretted it and said: "If I had listened to the Master earlier, it would not have come to this." He sent out foot soldiers to attack the bandits of Huanfu and killed them all, and the banditry gradually stopped.

仲尼曰：“善哉！政寬則民慢，慢則糾之以猛。猛則民殘，殘則施之以寬。

Zhongni said: "Good! When government is lenient, the people grow slack; when they are slack, correct them with severity. When severity, the people are injured; when they are injured, then dispense leniency.

寬以濟猛，猛以濟寬，政是以和。《詩》曰：‘民亦勞止，汔可小康。惠此中國，以綏四方。’施之以寬也。‘毋從詭隨，以謹無良。式遏寇虐，慘不畏明。’糾之以猛也。‘柔遠能邇，以定我王。’平之以和也。又曰：‘不競不絿，不剛不柔。佈政優優，百祿是遒。’和之至也。”

Leniency tempers severity, and severity tempers leniency, and so government is harmonious. The Odes say: 'The people are indeed weary; may they find a little ease. Be kind to this central state, to pacify the four quarters.' This is to dispense with leniency. 'Do not indulge the deceitful and conforming, to guard against the unworthy. Restrain robbers and oppressors, who are cruel and do not fear the bright.' This is to correct with severity. 'Comfort the distant and draw close the near, to settle our king.' This is to balance with harmony. And again: 'Not contentious, not hasty, not hard, not soft; spreading government gently, a hundred blessings gather.' This is the utmost of harmony."

及子產卒，仲尼聞之，出涕曰：“古之遺愛也。”

When Zi Chan died, Zhongni heard of it and said with tears: "He was a legacy of benevolence handed down from antiquity."

【經】二十有一年春王三月，葬蔡平公。夏，晉侯使士鞅來聘。宋華亥、向寧、華定自陳入於宋南里以叛。秋七月壬午朔，日有食之。八月乙亥，叔輒卒。

[Classic] In the spring of the twenty-first year, in the third month by the Zhou calendar, Duke Ping of Cai was buried. In summer, the Marquis of Jin sent Shi Yang on a friendly visit. Hua Hai, Xiang Ning, and Hua Ding of Song entered Nanli of Song from Chen and rebelled. In autumn, on the renwu first day of the seventh month, there was a solar eclipse. On the yihai day of the eighth month, Shu Zhe died.

冬，蔡侯朱出奔楚。公如晉，至河乃復。

In winter, Zhu, Marquis of Cai, fled to Chu. Duke Zhao went to Jin, and returned on reaching the Yellow River.

【傳】二十一年春，天王將鑄無射。泠州鳩曰：“王其以心疾死乎？夫樂，天子之職也。夫音，樂之輿也。而鍾，音之器也。天子省風以作樂，器以鍾之，輿以行之。小者不窕，大者不槬，則和於物，物和則嘉成。故和聲入於耳而藏於心，心億則樂。窕則不鹹，槬則不容，心是以感，感實生疾。今鍾槬矣，王心弗堪，其能久乎？”三月，葬蔡平公。蔡大子朱失位，位在卑。大夫送葬者歸，見昭子。昭子問蔡故，以告。昭子嘆曰：“蔡其亡乎！若不亡，是君也必不終。《詩》曰：‘不解於位，民之攸塈。’今蔡侯始即位，而適卑，身將從之。”

[Commentary] In the spring of the twenty-first year, the Heavenly King was about to cast the Wuyi bell. Ling Zhoujiu said: "The King will probably die of heart disease! Music is the Son of Heaven's office. Sound is the chariot of music. Bells are the instrument of sound. The Son of Heaven examines the winds to make music, with the instrument used to gather and the chariot used to carry out. If the small is not thin and weak and the large is not coarse and big, it is in harmony with things, and when things are in harmony, they are well completed. So harmonious sound enters the ear and is stored in the heart; when the heart is settled, there is joy. If it is thin and weak it is not all-pervading, and if it is coarse and big it cannot be contained; the heart is thereby affected, and the affection in fact gives rise to illness. Now the bell is coarse and big, the King's heart cannot bear it, and can he last long?" In the third month, Duke Ping of Cai was buried. Crown Prince Zhu of Cai lost his place and his position was low. The high officers who had gone to the funeral returned and saw Zhaozi. Zhaozi asked about the reason in Cai and was told. Zhaozi sighed and said: "Cai will probably perish! If it does not perish, this ruler will surely not die a good death. The Odes say: 'Not slack in one's position, the people thereby find rest.' Now the Marquis of Cai has only just taken the throne yet has gone to a low place, and his body will follow."

夏，晉士鞅來聘，叔孫為政。季孫欲惡諸晉，使有司以齊鮑國歸費之禮為士鞅。士鞅怒，曰：“鮑國之位下，其國小，而使鞅從其牢禮，是卑敝邑也。將復諸寡君。”魯人恐，加四牢焉，為十一牢。

In summer, Shi Yang of Jin came on a friendly visit, and Shusun was in charge of government. Jisun wished to make him hated in Jin, and had the officials treat Shi Yang with the ritual that Bao Guo of Qi received when returning Fei. Shi Yang was angry and said: "Bao Guo's rank was low and his state small, yet you make me follow that feast ritual; this is looking down on our humble state. I will report to our ruler." The men of Lu were frightened and added four sets of animals, making eleven sets.

宋華費遂生華貙、華多僚、華登。貙為少司馬，多僚為御士，與貙相惡，乃譖諸公曰：“貙將納亡人。”亟言之。公曰：“司馬以吾故，亡其良子。死亡有命，吾不可以再亡之。”對曰：“君若愛司馬，則如亡。死如可逃，何遠之有？”公懼，使侍人召司馬之侍人宜僚，飲之酒而使告司馬。司馬嘆曰：“必多僚也。

Hua Feisui of Song had sons Hua Chu, Hua Duoliao, and Hua Deng. Chu was Junior Minister of War, Duoliao was Imperial Guard, and he and Chu hated each other, and so he slandered him to the Duke, saying: "Chu is about to receive the fugitives." He said it repeatedly. The Duke said: "The Minister of War has already driven his good sons into exile because of us. Life and death are fated; I cannot make him send another into exile." He answered: "If my lord loves the Minister of War, it would be better for him to flee. If death can be avoided by fleeing, what distance matters?" The Duke was afraid, and sent an attendant to summon Yiliao, the attendant of the Minister of War, gave him wine to drink, and had him tell the Minister of War. The Minister of War sighed and said: "It must be Duoliao.

吾有讒子而弗能殺，吾又不死，抑君有命，可若何？”乃與公謀逐華貙，將使田孟諸而遣之。公飲之酒，厚酬之，賜及從者。司馬亦如之。張匄尤之，曰：“必有故。”使子皮承宜僚以劍而訊之。宜僚盡以告。張匄欲殺多僚，子皮曰：“司馬老矣，登之謂甚，吾又重之，不如亡也。”五月丙申，子皮將見司馬而行，則遇多僚御司馬而朝。張匄不勝其怒，遂與子皮、臼任、鄭翩殺多僚，劫司馬以叛，而召亡人。壬寅，華、向入。樂大心、豐愆、華牼御諸橫。華氏居盧門，以南里叛。六月庚午，宋城舊鄘及桑林之門而守之。

I have a slanderous son but cannot kill him, and I am not dead either, but the ruler has commanded; what can be done?" So he planned with the Duke to drive out Hua Chu, and would have him hunt at Mengzhu and then send him away. The Duke gave him wine to drink and rewarded him generously, extending the gifts to his followers. The Minister of War did likewise. Zhang Gai blamed him, saying: "There must be a reason." He had Zi Pi hold a sword at Yiliao and interrogate him. Yiliao told everything. Zhang Gai wished to kill Duoliao, but Zi Pi said: "The Minister of War is old, and Deng's misfortune is already enough; to add to it is not good. Better flee." On the bingshen day of the fifth month, Zi Pi was about to see the Minister of War and then leave, but met Duoliao driving for the Minister of War to court. Zhang Gai could not restrain his anger, and with Zi Pi, Jiu Ren, and Zheng Pian he killed Duoliao, seized the Minister of War, and rebelled, summoning the exiles back. On the renyin day, the Hua and Xiang clans entered. Yue Daxin, Feng Qian, and Hua Keng resisted them at Heng. The Hua clan lived at Lumen and rebelled, taking Nanli. In the sixth month, on the gengwu day, Song repaired the old Yong wall and the Sanglin gate to defend.

秋七月壬午朔，日有食之。公問於梓慎曰：“是何物也，禍福何為？”對曰：“二至、二分，日有食之，不為災。日月之行也，分，同道也；至，相過也。其他月則為災，陽不克也，故常為水。”

In autumn, on the renwu first day of the seventh month, there was a solar eclipse. Duke Zhao asked Zi Shen: "What kind of thing is this, and what does it presage in fortune or misfortune?" He answered: "At the two solstices and two equinoxes, a solar eclipse does not become a disaster. The sun and moon move so that at the equinoxes they share a path, and at the solstices they pass by each other. In other months it is a disaster; the yang cannot prevail, and so it is usually flood."

於是叔輒哭日食。昭子曰：“子叔將死，非所哭也。”八月，叔輒卒。

At this time Shu Zhe wept over the solar eclipse. Zhaozi said: "Zishu is about to die; this is not a thing to weep over." In the eighth month, Shu Zhe died.

冬十月，華登以吳師救華氏。齊烏枝鳴戍宋。廚人濮曰：“《軍志》有之：‘先人有奪人之心，後人有待其衰。’盍及其勞且未定也伐諸？若入而固，則華氏眾矣，悔無及也。”從之。丙寅，齊師、宋師敗吳師於鴻口，獲其二帥公子苦雂、偃州員。華登帥其餘以敗宋師。公欲出，廚人濮曰：“吾小人，可藉死而不能送亡，君請待之。”乃徇曰：“楊徽者，公徒也。”眾從之。公自楊門見之，下而巡之，曰：“國亡君死，二三子之恥也，豈專孤之罪也？”齊烏枝鳴曰：“用少莫如齊致死，齊致死莫如去備。彼多兵矣，請皆用劍。”從之。華氏北，復即之。廚人濮以裳裹首而荷以走，曰：“得華登矣！”遂敗華氏於新裡。翟僂新居於新裡，既戰，說甲於公而歸。華妵居於公里，亦如之。

In winter, in the tenth month, Hua Deng led the army of Wu to rescue the Hua clan. Wuzhi Ming of Qi garrisoned Song. The cook Pu said: "The Annals of War has this saying: 'Those who strike first can seize men's hearts, and those who arrive later can wait for the other side to wane.' Why not attack them while they are weary and not yet settled? If they enter and become secure, the Hua clan will have many men, and regret will be too late." They followed this. On the bingyin day, the army of Qi and the army of Song defeated the army of Wu at Hongkou and captured two army commanders, Prince Kuyong and Yan Zhouyuan. Hua Deng led the remainder and defeated the army of Song. The Duke wished to leave, and the cook Pu said: "I am a petty man, who can lend my death but cannot see off a fugitive; please, my lord, wait." So he went around saying: "Those who raise a banner are the Duke's followers." The crowd followed. The Duke saw from the Yang Gate, got down from his carriage and inspected them, and said: "That the state is lost and the ruler dead is your shame; is it only my fault?" Wuzhi Ming of Qi said: "Using few men is not as good as all fighting to the death together, and all fighting to the death together is not as good as dropping defenses. They have many weapons, so let us all use swords." They followed. The Hua clan was defeated and fled, and they pursued them again. The cook Pu wrapped his head in his skirt, shouldered it, and ran, shouting: "I have got Hua Deng!" And so they defeated the Hua clan at Xinli. Di Lou Xin lived at Xinli, and after the battle, he took off his armor and went back to the Duke. Hua Ding, who lived at Gongli, did likewise.

十一月癸未，公子城以晉師至。曹翰胡會晉荀吳、齊苑何忌、衛公子朝救宋。

In the eleventh month, on the guiwei day, Prince Cheng came leading the army of Jin. Cao Hanhu joined Xun Wu of Jin, Yuan Heji of Qi, and Prince Chao of Wei in rescuing Song.

丙戌，與華氏戰於赭丘。鄭翩願為鸛，其御願為鵝。子祿御公子城，莊堇為右。

On the bingxu day, they fought the Hua clan at Zheqiu. Zheng Pian wished to make a stork formation, and his charioteer wished to make a goose formation. Zi Lu drove for Prince Cheng, with Zhuang Jin as chariot-rider.

幹犨御呂封人華豹，張匄為右。相遇，城還。華豹曰：“城也！”城怒而反之，將注，豹則關矣。曰：“平公之靈，尚輔相餘。”豹射，出其間。將注，則又關矣。曰：“不狎，鄙！”押矢。城射之，殪。張丐抽殳而下，射之，折股。扶伏而擊之，折軫。又射之，死。幹丐請一矢，城曰：“餘言汝於君。”對曰：“不死伍乘，軍之大刑也。幹刑而從子，君焉用之？子速諸。”乃射之，殪。大敗華氏，圍諸南里。華亥搏膺而呼，見華貙，曰：“吾為欒氏矣。”貙曰：“子無我。不幸而後亡。”使華登如楚乞師。華貙以車十五乘，徒七十人，犯師而出，食於睢上，哭而送之，乃復入。楚薳越帥師將逆華氏。大宰犯諫曰：“諸侯唯宋事其君，今又爭國，釋君而臣是助，無乃不可乎？”王曰：“而告我也後，既許之矣。”

Gan Chou drove for Hua Bao, the border officer of Lu, with Zhang Gai as chariot-rider. When they met, Cheng turned back. Hua Bao said: "Cheng!" Cheng turned back in anger and was about to nock an arrow, but Bao had already drawn his bow. He said: "Spirit of Duke Ping, I still hope you will assist me." Bao shot, and the arrow passed through between them. As he was about to nock another, Bao had again drawn. He said: "Not taking turns, how base!" and lowered his arrow. Cheng shot him and he died. Zhang Gai pulled out a staff and got down from the carriage, and shot him, breaking his thigh. Crawling, he struck, breaking the chariot rail. He shot again, and Bao died. Gan Gai asked for one arrow, and Cheng said: "I will speak of you to the ruler." He answered: "Not dying with one's chariot companions is the army's severe punishment. If I violated the punishment to follow you, what use would the ruler have for you? Be quick." So Cheng shot him, and he died. They greatly defeated the Hua clan and besieged them in Nanli. Hua Hai beat his breast and cried out, and seeing Hua Chu, said: "I have become like the Luan clan." Chu said: "You must not be like this. Only after misfortune do we perish." He sent Hua Deng to Chu to beg for troops. Hua Chu, with fifteen chariots and seventy foot soldiers, broke out of the army, ate on the Sui River, wept and saw off, and then went in again. Wei Yue of Chu was about to lead an army to meet the Hua clan. The Grand Steward Fan remonstrated: "Among the feudal lords only Song serves its ruler, and now it is again contending over the state; leaving the ruler and helping the ministers, I fear that will not do?" The King said: "You are telling me too late; I have already agreed."

蔡侯朱出奔楚。費無極取貨於東國，而謂蔡人曰：“朱不用命於楚，君王將立東國。若不先從王欲，楚必圍蔡。”蔡人懼，出朱而立東國。朱愬於楚，楚子將討蔡。無極曰：“平侯與楚有盟，故封。其子有二心，故廢之。靈王殺隱大子，其子與君同惡，德君必甚。又使立之，不亦可乎？且廢置在君，蔡無他矣。”公如晉，及河，鼓叛晉。晉將伐鮮虞，故辭公。

Zhu, Marquis of Cai, fled to Chu. Fei Wuji took goods from Dongguo and said to the men of Cai: "Zhu does not obey commands toward Chu, and the King will install Dongguo. If you do not first comply with the King's wish, Chu will surely besiege Cai." The men of Cai were afraid, and drove out Zhu and installed Dongguo. Zhu made an accusation to Chu, and the Viscount of Chu was about to attack Cai. Wuji said: "Marquis Ping had a covenant with Chu, and so was enfeoffed. His son had a divided heart, and so was deposed. King Ling killed the Crown Prince Yin, and his son shares your hatred and will be deeply grateful to you. If he is allowed to be installed, would that not also be acceptable? Besides, deposing and installing lie with you, and Cai has no alternative." Duke Zhao went to Jin, and on reaching the Yellow River, Gu turned against Jin. Jin was about to attack Xianyu, and so declined to see Duke Zhao.

【經】二十有二年春，齊侯伐莒。宋華亥、向寧、華定自宋南里出奔楚。大蒐於昌間。夏四月乙丑，天王崩。六月，叔鞅如京師，葬景王，王室亂。劉子、單子以王猛居於皇。秋，劉子、單子以王猛入於王城。冬十月，王子猛卒。十有二月癸酉朔，日有食之。

[Classic] In the spring of the twenty-second year, the Marquis of Qi attacked Ju. Hua Hai, Xiang Ning, and Hua Ding of Song fled from Nanli of Song to Chu. A great review was held at Changjian. In summer, on the yichou day of the fourth month, the Heavenly King died. In the sixth month, Shu Yang went to the royal capital and buried King Jing, and the royal house fell into disorder. Liuzi and Shanzi took Wang Meng and lived at Huang. In autumn, Liuzi and Shanzi took Wang Meng into the royal city. In winter, in the tenth month, Prince Meng died. On the guiyou first day of the twelfth month, there was a solar eclipse.

【傳】二十二年春，王二月甲子，齊北郭啟帥師伐莒。莒子將戰，苑羊牧之諫曰：“齊帥賤，其求不多，不如下之。大國不可怒也。”弗聽，敗齊師於壽餘。

[Commentary] In the spring of the twenty-second year, on the jiazi day of the second month by the Zhou calendar, Beiguo Qi of Qi led an army to attack Ju. The Viscount of Ju was about to fight, and Yuan Yangmu Zhi remonstrated: "The commander of Qi is of low rank and seeks little; it is better to bow to him. A great state must not be provoked." He did not listen, and defeated the army of Qi at Shouyu.

齊侯伐莒，莒子行成。司馬灶如莒蒞盟，莒子如齊蒞盟，盟子稷門之外。莒於是乎大惡其君。

The Marquis of Qi attacked Ju, and the Viscount of Ju sought peace. Sima Zao went to Ju to take part in the covenant, and the Viscount of Ju went to Qi to take part in the covenant, and a covenant was made outside the Ji Gate. Ju then came to greatly resent its ruler.

楚薳越使告於宋曰：“寡君聞君有不令之臣為君憂，無寧以為宗羞？寡君請受而戮之。”對曰：“孤不佞，不能媚於父兄，以為君憂，拜命之辱。抑君臣日戰，君曰‘餘必臣是助’，亦唯命。人有言曰：‘唯亂門之無過’。君若惠保敝邑，無亢不衷，以獎亂人，孤之望也。唯君圖之！”楚人患之。諸侯之戍謀曰：“若華氏知困而致死，楚恥無功而疾戰，非吾利也。不如出之，以為楚功，其亦能無為也已。救宋而除其害，又何求？”乃固請出之。宋人從之。己巳，宋華亥、向寧、華定、華貙、華登、皇奄傷、省臧，士平出奔楚。宋公使公孫忌為大司馬，邊卬為大司徒，樂祁為司馬，仲幾為左師，樂大心為右師，樂輓為大司寇，以靖國人。

Wei Yue of Chu sent someone to tell Song: "Our ruler has heard that you have a bad minister who has become a worry to you; must he become a shame to the ancestral temple? Our ruler asks to accept him and have him killed." He answered: "I am untalented and could not win the favor of my fathers and brothers, and have become a worry to you; I bow in thanks for the humiliation of the command. But ruler and ministers fight every day, and you say 'I will surely help the ministers,' and I can only listen to the command. There is a saying: 'Only do not pass through the gate of disorder.' If you would be kind enough to protect our humble state and not shelter the disloyal to encourage those who cause disorder, that is my hope. I ask only that you consider it!" The men of Chu were worried. The garrison commanders of the feudal lords planned: "If the Hua clan, knowing they are cornered, fight to the death, and Chu is ashamed of having no merit and presses to fight, that is not to our advantage. It is better to let them go out and count it as Chu's merit; then they can do nothing more. Rescuing Song and removing the harm, what more do we seek?" So they insisted on asking that they be let out. The men of Song agreed. On the jisi day, Hua Hai, Xiang Ning, Hua Ding, Hua Chu, Hua Deng, Huang Yanshang, Xing Zang, and Shi Ping of Song fled to Chu. The Duke of Song made Gongsun Ji Grand Minister of War, Bian Ang Grand Minister of the Multitude, Yue Qi Minister of War, Zhong Ji Left Minister, Yue Daxin Right Minister, and Yue Wan Grand Minister of Justice, to settle the people of the state.

王子朝、賓起有寵於景王，王與賓孟說之，欲立之。劉獻公之庶子伯蚡事單穆公，惡賓孟之為人也，願殺之。又惡王子朝之言，以為亂，願去之。賓孟適郊，見雄雞自斷其尾。問之，侍者曰：“自憚其犠也。”遽歸告王，且曰：“雞其憚為人用乎？人異於是。犠者，實用人，人犠實難，己犠何害？”王弗應。

Prince Chao and Bin Qi were favored by King Jing, and the King and Bin Meng were fond of each other and wished to install him. Bo Fen, a concubine's son of Duke Xian of Liu, served Duke Mu of Shan, disliked the character of Bin Meng, and hoped to kill him. He also disliked Prince Chao's words, regarding them as disorderly, and hoped to remove him. Bin Meng went to the suburbs and saw a rooster that had broken off its own tail. He asked, and an attendant said: "It is afraid of being made a sacrificial animal." He hurried back and told the King, and said: "The rooster is probably afraid of being used by men? Men are different from this. A sacrificial animal in fact is used by people; for a person to be a sacrificial animal is truly hard, but for oneself to be one, what harm is there?" The King did not respond.

夏四月，王田北山，使公卿皆從，將殺單子、劉子。王有心疾，乙丑，崩於榮錡氏。戊辰，劉子摯卒，無子，單子立劉蚠。五月庚辰，見王，遂攻賓起，殺之，盟群王子於單氏。

In summer, in the fourth month, the King hunted at Beishan, and had all the dukes and ministers follow him, intending to kill Shanzi and Liuzi. The King had heart disease, and on the yichou day he died at the house of Rong Qi. On the wuchen day, Liuzi Zhi died, with no son, and Shanzi installed Liu Fen. In the fifth month, on the gengchen day, they attended the court of the King and then attacked Bin Qi and killed him, and made a covenant with the various princes at the Shan clan's.

晉之取鼓也，既獻，而反鼓子焉，又叛於鮮虞。

Jin took Gu, and having presented the captives, sent the Viscount of Gu back, and he again rebelled to join Xianyu.

六月，荀吳略東陽，使師偽糴者，負甲以息於昔陽之門外，遂襲鼓，滅之。

In the sixth month, Xun Wu inspected Dongyang, had troops pose as grain buyers, resting with armor on their backs outside the Xiyang Gate, and then attacked Gu by surprise and destroyed it.

以鼓子鳶鞮歸，使涉佗守之。

He returned with Yuan Di, Viscount of Gu, and sent She Tuo to guard him.

丁巳，葬景王。王子朝因舊官、百工之喪職秩者，與靈、景之族以作亂。帥郊、要、餞之甲，以逐劉子。壬戌、劉子奔揚。單子逆悼王於莊宮以歸。王子還夜取王以如莊宮。癸亥，單子出。王子還與召莊公謀，曰：“不殺單旗，不捷。

On the dingsi day, King Jing was buried. Prince Chao, relying on those of the old offices and the hundred artisans who had lost their positions, rebelled with the clans of Ling and Jing. He led armored men of Jiao, Yao, and Jian to drive out Liuzi. On the renxu day, Liuzi fled to Yang. Shanzi welcomed King Dao back from the Zhuang Palace. Prince Huan took the King at night to the Zhuang Palace. On the guihai day, Shanzi went out. Prince Huan planned with Duke Zhuang of Shao, saying: "Unless we kill Shan Qi, we cannot succeed.

與之重盟，必來。背盟而克者多矣。”從之。樊頃子曰：“非言也，必不克。”

Make a new covenant with him, and he will surely come. Many who broke covenants have succeeded." He followed this. Fan Qingzi said: "This is not a proper word; it will surely not succeed."

遂奉王以追單子。及領，大盟而復，殺摯荒以說。劉子如劉，單子亡。乙丑，奔於平畤，群王子追之。單子殺還、姑、發、弱、鬷延、定、稠，子朝奔京。丙寅，伐之，京人奔山。劉子入於王城。辛未，鞏簡公敗績於京。乙亥，甘平公亦敗焉。

So they carried the King and pursued Shanzi. On reaching Ling, they made a great covenant and then returned, and killed Zhi Huang to explain. Liuzi went to Liu, and Shanzi fled. On the yichou day he fled to Pingzhi, and the princes pursued him. Shanzi killed Huan, Gu, Fa, Ruo, Zong Yan, Ding, and Chou, and Zichao fled to Jing. On the bingyin day, they attacked, and the men of Jing fled to the mountains. Liuzi entered the royal city. On the xinwei day, Duke Jian of Gong was defeated at Jing. On the yihai day, Duke Ping of Gan was also defeated.

叔鞅至自京師，言王室之亂也。閔馬父曰：“子朝必不克，其所與者，天所廢也。”

Shu Yang returned from the royal capital and spoke of the disorder in the royal house. Min Mafu said: "Zichao will surely not succeed; those he is close to are those Heaven has abandoned."

單子欲告急於晉，秋七月戊寅，以王如平畤，遂如圃車，次於皇。劉子如劉。單子使王子處守於王城，盟百工於平宮。辛卯，尋阝肸伐皇，大敗，獲尋阝肸。壬辰，焚諸王城之市。八月辛酉，司徒醜以王師敗績於前城，百工叛。己巳，伐單氏之宮，敗焉。庚午，反伐之。辛未，伐東圉。冬十月丁巳，晉籍談、荀躒帥九州之戎及焦、瑕、溫、原之師，以納王於王城。庚申，單子、劉蚡以王師敗績於郊，前城人敗陸渾於社。十一月乙酉，王子猛卒，不成喪也。已醜，敬王即位，館於子旅氏。

Shanzi wished to seek help from Jin. In autumn, on the wuyin day of the seventh month, he took the King to Pingzhi and then to Puche, and encamped at Huang. Liuzi went to Liu. Shanzi sent Prince Chu to guard the royal city and made a covenant with the hundred artisans at Ping Palace. On the xinmao day, Xun Xi attacked Huang, was badly defeated, and was captured. (The base text reads "Xun Xi" with a variant character; it is the same name.) On the renchen day, they burned the market of the royal city. In the eighth month, on the xinyou day, Situ Chou led the royal army and was defeated at Qiancheng, and the hundred artisans rebelled. On the jisi day, they attacked the palace of the Shan clan and were defeated. On the gengwu day, they counterattacked. On the xinwei day, they attacked Dongyu. In winter, on the dingsi day of the tenth month, Ji Tan and Xun Li of Jin led the Rong of the nine provinces and the armies of Jiao, Xia, Wen, and Yuan, and escorted the King into the royal city. On the gengshen day, Shanzi and Liu Fen led the royal army and were defeated at the suburbs, and the men of Qiancheng defeated Luhun at the altar. In the eleventh month, on the yiyou day, Prince Meng died, and the funeral rites were not completed. On the jichou day, King Jing took the throne and lived at the house of Zilu.

十二月庚戌，晉籍談、荀躒、賈辛、司馬督帥師軍於陰，於侯氏，於溪泉，次於社。王師軍於氾，於解，次於任人。閏月，晉箕遺、樂徵，右行詭濟師，取前城，軍其東南。王師軍於京楚。辛丑，伐京，毀其西南。

In the twelfth month, on the gengxu day, Ji Tan, Xun Li, Jia Xin, and Sima Du of Jin led an army and encamped at Yin, at Houshi, at Xiquan, and encamped at She. The royal army encamped at Fan, at Xie, and encamped at Renren. In the intercalary month, Ji Yi, Yue Zheng, and You Xing Gui of Jin crossed with their army, took Qiancheng, and encamped to its southeast. The royal army encamped at Jingchu. On the xinchou day, they attacked Jing and destroyed its southwest.

【經】二十有三年春王正月，叔孫婼如晉。癸丑，叔鞅卒。晉人執我行人叔孫婼。晉人圍郊。夏六月，蔡侯東國卒於楚。秋七月，莒子庚輿來奔。戊辰，吳敗頓、胡、沈、蔡、陳、許之師於雞父，鬍子髡、沈子逞滅，獲陳夏齧。天王居於狄泉。尹氏立王子朝。八月乙未，地震。冬，公如晉，至河，有疾，乃復。

[Classic] In the spring of the twenty-third year, in the first month by the Zhou calendar, Shusun Chuo went to Jin. On the guichou day, Shu Yang died. The men of Jin seized our envoy Shusun Chuo. The men of Jin besieged Jiao. In summer, in the sixth month, Dongguo, Marquis of Cai, died in Chu. In autumn, in the seventh month, Gengyu, Viscount of Ju, came seeking refuge. On the wuchen day, Wu defeated the armies of Dun, Hu, Shen, Cai, Chen, and Xu at Jifu; Kun, Viscount of Hu, and Cheng, Viscount of Shen, were destroyed, and Xia Nie of Chen was captured. The Heavenly King lived at Diquan. Yin Shi installed Prince Chao. In the eighth month, on the yiwei day, there was an earthquake. In winter, Duke Zhao went to Jin, and fell ill on reaching the Yellow River and returned.

【傳】二十三年春，王正月壬寅朔，二師圍郊。癸卯，郊、尋阝潰。丁未，晉師在平陰，王師在澤邑。王使告間，庚戌，還。

[Commentary] In the spring of the twenty-third year, on the renyin first day of the first month by the Zhou calendar, the two armies besieged Jiao. On the guimao day, Jiao and Xun scattered. (The base text reads "Xun" with a variant character; it is the same name.) On the dingwei day, the army of Jin was at Pingyin and the royal army at Zeyi. The King sent word that there was an opening, and on the gengxu day they returned.

邾人城翼，還，將自離姑。公孫鉏曰：“魯將御我。”欲自武城還，循山而南。徐鉏、丘弱、茅地曰：“道下，遇雨，將不出，是不歸也。”遂自離姑。武城人塞其前，斷其後之木而弗殊。邾師過之，乃推而蹶之。遂取邾師，獲鉏、弱、地。

The men of Zhu built a wall at Yi, and on returning were about to leave by Ligu. Gongsun Chu said: "Lu will resist us." He wished to return by Wucheng, following the mountains to the south. Xu Chu, Qiu Ruo, and Mao Di said: "The road is low-lying, and if we meet rain we will not be able to get out; this means we will not get back." So they went by Ligu. The men of Wucheng blocked the front, and cut trees at the rear without severing them. When the army of Zhu passed, they pushed them over. So they took the army of Zhu and captured Chu, Ruo, and Di.

邾人訴於晉，晉人來討。叔孫婼如晉，晉人執之。書曰：“晉人執我行人叔孫婼。”言使人也。晉人使與邾大夫坐。叔孫曰：“列國之卿，當小國之君，固周制也。邾又夷也。寡君之命介子服回在，請使當之，不敢廢周制故也。”乃不果坐。

The men of Zhu made an accusation to Jin, and the men of Jin came to attack. Shusun Chuo went to Jin, and the men of Jin seized him. The Spring and Autumn Annals records "the men of Jin seized our envoy Shusun Chuo," meaning he was an envoy. The men of Jin had him sit opposite a high officer of Zhu and dispute the case. Shusun said: "The ministers of the various states are equal to the rulers of small states; this was originally the institution of Zhou. Moreover, Zhu is of the Yi barbarians. The deputy appointed by our ruler, Zifu Hui, is here; please let him bear it, for I dare not abandon the Zhou institution." So in the end he did not sit opposite him.