Duke Zhao (First to Thirty-second Year)

成大夫公孫朝謂平子曰：“有都以衛國也，請我受師。”許之。請納質，弗許，曰：“信女，足矣。”告於齊師曰：“孟氏，魯之敝室也。用成已甚，弗能忍也，請息肩於齊。”齊師圍成。成人伐齊師之飲馬於淄者，曰：“將以厭眾。”魯成備而後告曰：“不勝眾。”師及齊師戰於炊鼻。齊子淵捷從洩聲子，射之，中楯瓦。繇朐汰輈，匕入者三寸。聲子射其馬，斬鞅，殪。改駕，人以為鬷戾也而助之。子車曰：“齊人也。”將擊子車，子車射之，殪。其御曰：“又之。”子車曰：“眾可懼也，而不可怒也。”子囊帶從野洩，叱之。洩曰：“軍無私怒，報乃私也，將亢子。”又叱之，亦叱之。冉豎射陳武子，中手，失弓而罵。以告平子，曰：“有君子白皙，鬒鬚眉，甚口。”平子曰：“必子強也，無乃亢諸？”對曰：“謂之君子，何敢亢之？”林雍羞為顏鳴右，下。苑何忌取其耳，顏鳴去之。苑子之御曰：“視下顧。”苑子刜林雍，斷其足。{輕金}而乘於他車以歸，顏鳴三入齊師，呼曰：“林雍乘！”四月，單子如晉告急。五月戊午，劉人敗王城之師於屍氏。戊辰，王城人、劉人戰於施谷，劉師敗績。

Gongsun Chao, grand officer of Cheng, said to Pingzi: "Having a city is for defending the state; please let me take on the army." It was permitted. He asked to hand over hostages, but it was not allowed, saying: "To trust you is enough." He told the Qi army: "The Meng clan is a ruined family of Lu. Using Cheng is already excessive and cannot be endured; please let us lay down our burden in Qi." The Qi army besieged Cheng. The men of Cheng attacked the Qi troops watering their horses at the Zi River, saying: "It will be used to overawe the multitude." Lu prepared at Cheng and then announced: "We cannot defeat the multitude." The army fought the Qi army at Chuibi. Ziyuan Jie of Qi chased Xie Shengzi and shot at him, hitting the shield tile. It passed through the yoke and the shaft, and the arrowhead entered three inches. Shengzi shot at his horse, cut the breast-strap, and the horse died. He changed to another chariot, and another man, thinking he was Zong Li, helped him. Zi Che said: "He is a man of Qi." He was about to strike Zi Che, but Zi Che shot him and he died. His driver said: "Come again." Zi Che said: "The multitude may be frightened but must not be provoked." Zi Nang Dai chased Ye Xie and shouted insults at him. Xie said: "The army has no private anger; to retaliate is private, and I will stand against you." He shouted again, and Xie also shouted. Ran Shu shot at Chen Wuzi, hit his hand, and he dropped his bow and cursed. He told Pingzi: "There was a gentleman with fair skin and thick black beard and brows who could curse very well." Pingzi said: "It must be Ziqiang; perhaps he stood against him?" He replied: "He is called a gentleman, how would he dare stand against him?" Lin Yong was ashamed at being on the right of Yan Ming's chariot and got down. Yuan He Ji took his ear, and Yan Ming left. Master Yuan's driver said: "Look below." Master Yuan struck Lin Yong and cut off his foot. He rode back on a barrow-type vehicle in another chariot, and Yan Ming entered the Qi army three times, shouting: "Lin Yong, get on the chariot!" In the fourth month, Danzi went to Jin to report the emergency. In the fifth month, on the wuwu day, the men of Liu defeated the army of the royal city at Shishi. On the wuchen day, the men of the royal city and the men of Liu fought at Shigu, and the Liu army was defeated.

秋，盟於鄟陵，謀納公也。

In autumn, a covenant was made at Zhuanling, to plan to send Duke Zhao in.

七月己巳，劉子以王出。庚午，次於渠。王城人焚劉。丙子，王宿於褚氏。

In the seventh month, on the jisi day, Liuzi took the king out. On the gengwu day they camped at Qu. The men of the royal city burned Liu. On the bingzi day, the king stayed at the house of the Chu clan.

丁丑，王次於萑谷。庚辰，王入於胥靡。辛巳，王次於滑。晉知躒、趙鞅帥師納王，使汝寬守關塞。

On the dingchou day, the king camped at Huangu. On the gengchen day, the king entered Xumi. On the xinsi day, the king camped at Hua. Zhi Li and Zhao Yang of Jin led an army to send in the king and sent Ru Kuan to guard the pass.

九月，楚平王卒。令尹子常欲立子西，曰：“大子壬弱，其母非適也，王子建實聘之。子西長而好善。立長則順，建善則治。王順國治，可不務乎？”子西怒曰：“是亂國而惡君王也。國有外援，不可瀆也。王有適嗣，不可亂也。敗親、速仇、亂嗣，不祥，我受其名。賂吾以天下，吾滋不從也。楚國何為？必殺令尹！”令尹懼，乃立昭王。

In the ninth month, King Ping of Chu died. Zichang, the prime minister, wanted to set up Zixi, saying: "The crown prince Ren is young and weak, and his mother is not a principal wife but was actually betrothed by Prince Jian. Zixi is older and likes good. To set up the elder is in accord, and to establish the good brings order. If the king is in accord and the state in order, can one not strive for it?" Zixi became angry and said: "This would throw the state into disorder and slight the king. The state has outside support and must not be treated lightly. The king has a legitimate heir and he must not be thrown into confusion. To ruin kinship, hasten enmity and disturb the succession is inauspicious, and I would bear that name. If you bribed me with the world, I would listen even less. What would Chu do? The prime minister must be killed!" The prime minister was afraid and then set up King Zhao.

冬十月丙申，王起師於滑。辛丑，在郊，遂次於屍。十一月辛酉，晉師克鞏。

In winter, in the tenth month, on the bingshen day, the king raised troops at Hua. On the xinchou day, he was at Jiao and then camped at Shi. In the eleventh month, on the xinyou day, the Jin army took Gong.

召伯盈逐王子朝，王子朝及召氏之族、毛伯得、尹氏固、南宮嚚奉周之典籍以奔楚。陰忌奔莒以叛。召伯逆王於屍，及劉子、單子盟。遂軍圉澤，次於堤上。癸酉，王入於成周。甲戌，盟於襄宮。晉師使成公般戍周而還。十二月癸未，王入於莊宮。

The Earl of Shao, Ying, drove out Prince Chao, and Prince Chao, together with the Shao clan, Mao Bo De, Yin Gu and Nangong Yin, carrying the Zhou archives, fled to Chu. Yin Ji fled to Ju and rebelled. The Earl of Shao met the king at Shi and made a covenant with Liuzi and Danzi. Then they camped at Yuze and stayed on the embankment. On the guiyou day, the king entered Chengzhou. On the jiaxu day, a covenant was made in the Xiang Palace. The Jin army sent Cheng Gong Ban to garrison Zhou and then returned. In the twelfth month, on the guiwei day, the king entered the Zhuang Palace.

王子朝使告於諸侯曰：“昔武王克殷，成王靖四方，康王息民，並建母弟，以蕃屏周。亦曰：‘吾無專享文、武之功，且為後人之迷敗傾覆，而溺入於難，則振救之。’至於夷王，王愆於厥身，諸侯莫不併走其望，以祈王身。至於厲王，王心戾虐，萬民弗忍，居王於彘。諸侯釋位，以間王政。宣王有志，而後效官。

Prince Chao sent word to the feudal lords: "In the past King Wu conquered Yin, King Cheng pacified the four quarters, and King Kang gave the people rest, and together they set up their brothers by the same mother to serve as a screen for Zhou. They also said: 'We do not enjoy the merit of Wen and Wu alone, and also, in case later people become confused, ruinous, and overturn it, and sink into difficulty, we will rescue them.' By the time of King Yi, the king himself fell ill, and none of the feudal lords failed to rush to pray to the many mountains and rivers to pray for the king's person. By the time of King Li, the king's heart was violent and cruel, and the myriad people could not bear it, so the king was placed at Zhi. The feudal lords gave up their seats to fill in for royal government. King Xuan had the ambition, and then they returned the offices.

至於幽王，天不弔周，王昏不若，用愆厥位。攜王奸命，諸侯替之，而建王嗣，用遷郟鄏。則是兄弟之能用力於王室也。至於惠王，天不靖周，生頹禍心，施於叔帶，惠、襄闢難，越去王都。則有晉、鄭，鹹黜不端，以綏定王家。則是兄弟之能率先王之命也。在定王六年，秦人降妖，曰：‘周其有頿王，亦克能修其職。諸侯服享，二世共職。王室其有間王位，諸侯不圖，而受其亂災。’至於靈王，生而有頿。王甚神聖，無惡於諸侯。靈王、景王，克終其世。今王室亂，單旗、劉狄，剝亂天下，壹行不若。謂：‘先王何常之有？唯餘心所命，其誰敢請之？’帥群不弔之人，以行亂於王室。侵欲無厭，規求無度，貫瀆鬼神，慢棄刑法，倍奸齊盟，傲很威儀，矯誣先王。晉為不道，是攝是贊，思肆其罔極。茲不穀震盪播越，竄在荊蠻，未有攸厎。若我一二兄弟甥舅，獎順天法，無助狡猾，以從先王之命，毋速天罰，赦圖不穀，則所願也。敢盡布其腹心，及先王之經，實深圖之。昔先王之命曰：‘王后無適，則擇立長。年鈞以德，德鈞以卜。’王不立愛，公卿無私，古之制也。穆後及大子壽早夭即世，單、劉贊私立少，以間先王，亦唯伯仲叔季圖之！”閔馬父聞子朝之辭，曰：“文辭以行禮也。子朝幹景之命，遠晉之大，以專其志，無禮甚矣，文辭何為？”齊有彗星，齊侯使禳之。晏子曰：“無益也，只取誣焉。天道不諂，不貳其命，若之何禳之？且天之有彗也，以除穢也。君無穢德，又何禳焉？若德之穢，禳之何損？《詩》曰：‘惟此文王，小心翼翼，昭事上帝，聿懷多福。厥德不回，以受方國。’君無違德，方國將至，何患於彗？《詩》曰：‘我無所監，夏後及商。用亂之故，民卒流亡。’若德回亂，民將流亡，祝史之為，無能補也。”公說，乃止。

By the time of King You, Heaven did not pity Zhou, the king was confused and disobedient, and therefore lost his seat. Prince Xie violated the command, the feudal lords deposed him and set up the king's heir, and so it moved to Jiaru. This is how the brothers could exert themselves for the royal house. By the time of King Hui, Heaven did not give Zhou peace, and Tui's wicked heart arose, extending to Shudai, and Hui and Xiang fled from calamity and left the royal capital. Then there were Jin and Zheng, who both deposed the wicked to pacify the royal house. This is how the brothers could take the lead in the former kings' commands. In the sixth year of King Ding, a man of Qin sent down an omen, saying: 'Zhou will probably have a king with a long beard, who can also cultivate his duties. The feudal lords will submit and make offerings, and for two generations will be respectful in their duties. The royal house may have someone who will exploit gaps to seize the royal seat; if the feudal lords do not plan, they will suffer disorder and disaster.' King Ling was born with a beard. The king was very sagely and did no harm to the feudal lords. King Ling and King Jing were able to end their generations. Now the royal house is in disorder; Dan Qi and Liu Di strip and disturb the world and act arbitrarily and perversely. They say: 'What fixed rule do the former kings have? We will do only as I command in my heart, who dares ask?' They lead a group of bad men and make disorder in the royal house. Their invasive desires are never satisfied, their demands have no limit, they are used to slighting the spirits, are negligent about punishments and abandon them, betray and violate covenants, are arrogant in bearing, and falsely slander the former kings. Jin acts without the Way, seizing and helping them, wanting to be unrestrained without limit. Now I am shaken and in exile, fleeing among the Jing and Man without rest. If one or two of our brothers, uncles and nephews help and comply with the laws of Heaven, do not aid the cunning, follow the commands of the former kings, do not hasten Heaven's punishment, and pardon and plan for me, that is what I wish. I dare to state fully my heart, and the classics of the former kings, truly with deep planning. In the past the former kings' command said: 'If the queen has no legitimate son, choose the elder to set up. If the years are the same, go by virtue; if virtue is the same, divine.' The king does not set up the one he loves, the dukes and ministers have no private interest; this is the ancient system. Queen Mu and the crown prince Shou died early, and Dan and Liu helped set up the young one in private, to exploit the gaps in the former kings' command; please let the elder brothers and uncles plan!" Min Mafu heard Zichao's words and said: "Writing is used to carry out ritual. Zichao violated Jing's command, estranged himself from distant and great Jin, and acted to indulge his own will; his discourtesy is too much, so what is the use of the writing?" A comet appeared in Qi, and the Marquis of Qi sent people to ward it off. Master Yan said: "It is of no benefit and only invites deception. The Way of Heaven does not flatter and does not change its decree, so why ward it off? Moreover Heaven has the comet in order to sweep away filth. If my lord has no foul virtue, what is there to ward off? If your virtue is foul, what will warding it off reduce? The Book of Songs says: 'This King Wen was careful and cautious, served the Lord on High with clear brightness, and cherished many blessings. His virtue was not wicked, and so he received the states of all quarters.' If my lord has no violation of virtue, the states of all quarters will come; why worry about the comet? The Book of Songs says: 'I have no example to look at but the Xia and the Shang. Because of their disorder the people at last were driven into exile.' If virtue is wicked and disordered, the people will go into exile, and what invocators and historians do cannot repair it." The duke was pleased and then stopped.

齊侯與晏子坐於路寢，公嘆曰：“美哉室！其誰有此乎？”晏子曰：“敢問何謂也？”公曰：“吾以為在德。”對曰：“如君之言，其陳氏乎！陳氏雖無大德，而有施於民。豆區釜鍾之數，其取之公也簿，其施之民也厚。公厚斂焉，陳氏厚施焉，民歸之矣。《詩》曰：‘雖無德與女，式歌且舞。’陳氏之施，民歌舞之矣。後世若少惰，陳氏而不亡，則國其國也已。”公曰：“善哉！是可若何？”對曰：“唯禮可以已之。在禮，家施不及國，民不遷，農不移，工賈不變，士不濫，官不滔，大夫不收公利。”公曰：“善哉！我不能矣。吾今而後知禮之可以為國也。”對曰：“禮之可以為國也久矣。與天地並。君令臣共，父慈子孝，兄愛弟敬，夫和妻柔，姑慈婦聽，禮也。君令而不違，臣共而不貳，父慈而教，子孝而箴；兄愛而友，弟敬而順；夫和而義，妻柔而正；姑慈而從，婦聽而婉：禮之善物也。”公曰：“善哉！寡人今而後聞此禮之上也。”對曰：“先王所稟於天地，以為其民也，是以先王上之。”

The Marquis of Qi and Master Yan were seated in the main hall, and the duke sighed and said: "The house is beautiful! Who will have it?" Master Yan said: "May I ask what you mean?" The duke said: "I think it depends on virtue." He replied: "As my lord says, probably it will be the Chen clan! Although the Chen clan has no great virtue, they give to the people. In the measures of dou, qu, fu and zhong, they take little from the duke and give much to the people. The duke taxes heavily and the Chen clan gives generously, so the people are turning to them. The Book of Songs says: 'Although I have no virtue to give you, I sing and dance.' The people have already sung and danced for the Chen clan's giving. If later generations slacken a little and the Chen clan does not perish, the state will be theirs." The duke said: "Good! What then can be done?" He replied: "Only ritual can stop it. By ritual, a family's giving does not reach the state; the people do not move, farmers do not shift, artisans and merchants do not change, gentlemen are not excessive, officials are not unrestrained, and grand officers do not collect public profit." The duke said: "Good! I cannot do it. From now on I know that ritual can govern a state." He replied: "That ritual can govern a state has been so for a long time. It stands alongside Heaven and Earth. The ruler issues commands and the minister is respectful, the father is kind and the son filial, the elder brother loving and the younger respectful, the husband harmonious and the wife gentle, the mother-in-law kind and the daughter-in-law obedient: this is ritual. The ruler issues commands without contradiction, the minister is respectful without a second heart, the father is kind and teaches, the son is filial and admonishes; the elder brother loves and is friendly, the younger respects and is compliant; the husband is harmonious and righteous, the wife gentle and correct; the mother-in-law is kind and heeded, the daughter-in-law obedient and mild: these are the fine things of ritual." The duke said: "Good! From now on I have heard of the value of this ritual." He replied: "The former kings received it from Heaven and Earth in order to govern their people, and therefore the former kings honored it."

【經】二十有七年春，公如齊。公至自齊，居於鄆。夏四月，吳弒其君僚。

[Classic] In the twenty-seventh year, in spring, Duke Zhao went to Qi. Duke Zhao returned from Qi and stayed at Yun. In summer, in the fourth month, Wu murdered its ruler Liao.

楚殺其大夫郤宛。秋，晉士鞅、宋樂祁犁、衛北宮喜、曹人、邾人、滕人會於扈。

Chu killed its grand officer Xi Wan. In autumn, Shi Yang of Jin, Yue Qili of Song, Beigong Xi of Wey, men of Cao, men of Zhu and men of Teng met at Hu.

冬十月，曹伯午卒。邾快來奔。公如齊。公至自齊，居於鄆。

In winter, in the tenth month, Wu, Earl of Cao, died. Kuai of Zhu came to seek refuge. Duke Zhao went to Qi. Duke Zhao returned from Qi and stayed at Yun.

【傳】二十七年春，公如齊。公至自齊，處於鄆，言在外也。

[Commentary] In the spring of the twenty-seventh year, Duke Zhao went to Qi. Duke Zhao returned from Qi and stayed at Yun, which is said to be outside.

吳子欲因楚喪而伐之，使公子掩餘、公子燭庸帥師圍潛。使延州來季子聘於上國，遂聘於晉，以觀諸侯。楚莠尹然，工尹麇帥師救潛。左司馬沈尹戌帥都君子與王馬之屬以濟師，與吳師遇於窮。令尹子常以舟師及沙汭而還。左尹郤宛、工尹壽帥師至於潛，吳師不能退。

The Viscount of Wu wanted to take advantage of Chu's mourning to attack, and sent Prince Yanyu and Prince Zhuyong to lead an army to besiege Qian. He sent Jizi of Yanzhoulai to the central states to make visits, and then visited Jin to observe the feudal lords. Chu's Youyin Ran and Gongyin Jun led an army to rescue Qian. The Left Minister of War Shen Yin Xu led the gentlemen of the capital and the subordinates of the royal horses to reinforce them, and met the Wu army at Qiong. Zichang, the prime minister, led a naval force to Shaxia and then returned. The Left Yin Xi Wan and Gongyin Shou led an army to Qian, and the Wu army could not retreat.

吳公子光曰：“此時也，弗可失也。”告鱄設諸曰：“上國有言曰：‘不索何獲？’我，王嗣也，吾欲求之。事若克，季子雖至，不吾廢也。”鱄設諸曰：“王可弒也。母老子弱，是無若我何。”光曰：“我，爾身也。”

Prince Guang of Wu said: "This is the moment and it must not be lost." He told Zhuan Shezhu: "The central states have a saying: 'If you do not seek, what do you get?' I am the king's heir, and I want to seek it. If the affair succeeds, even if Jizi comes, he cannot depose me." Zhuan Shezhu said: "The king can be killed. But my mother is old and my son is weak; what will happen to them?" Guang said: "I am your own self."

夏四月，光伏甲於堀室而享王。王使甲坐於道，及其門。門階戶席，皆王親也，夾之以鈹。羞者獻體改服於門外，執羞者坐行而入，執鈹者夾承之，及體以相授也。光偽足疾，入於堀室。鱄設諸置劍於魚中以進，抽劍刺王，鈹交於胸，遂弒王。闔廬以其子為卿。

In summer, in the fourth month, Guang hid armed men in an underground chamber and gave a banquet for the king. The king had armed men sit along the road up to the gate. The gate, steps, doors and mats were all occupied by the king's intimates, flanked with swords. The servers undressed and changed their clothes outside the door, and those carrying the dishes went in on their knees, with the sword-bearers supporting them from both sides until they reached the body, then handing off to each other. Guang pretended his foot was ill and went into the underground chamber. Zhuan Shezhu placed a sword in the fish and presented it, then drew the sword and stabbed the king, and the swords crossed in his chest, and so the king was killed. Helu made his son a minister.

季子至，曰：“苟先君無廢祀，民人無廢主，社稷有奉，國家無傾，乃吾君也。吾誰敢怨？哀死事生，以待天命。非我生亂，立者從之，先人之道也。”覆命哭墓，復位而待。吳公子掩餘奔徐，公子燭庸奔鍾吾。楚師聞吳亂而還。

Jizi arrived and said: "If the late ruler has not neglected sacrifice, the people have not lost a lord, the altars of the soil and grain have offerings and the state has not been overturned, he is my ruler. Whom would I dare resent? I grieve for the dead and serve the living to wait for Heaven's will. I did not make the disorder, and I follow whoever is set up; this is the way of our ancestors." He reported back and wept at the tomb, then returned to his place and waited. Prince Yanyu of Wu fled to Xu, and Prince Zhuyong fled to Zhongwu. The Chu army, hearing of the disorder in Wu, returned.

郤宛直而和，國人說之。鄢將師為右領，與費無極比而惡之。令尹子常賄而信讒，無極譖郤宛焉，謂子常曰：“子惡欲飲子酒。”又謂子惡：“令尹欲飲酒於子氏。”子惡曰：“我，賤人也，不足以辱令尹。令尹將必來辱，為惠已甚。

Xi Wan was upright and gentle, and the people of the state liked him. Yan Jiangshi was Right Commander and was in league with Fei Wuji in hating him. Zichang, the prime minister, was greedy for bribes and listened to slander, and Wuji slandered Xi Wan to Zichang, saying to Zichang: "Zi'e wants to invite you for wine." He also told Zi'e: "The prime minister wants to drink at your house." Zi'e said: "I am a humble man and not worthy to be honored by the prime minister. That the prime minister will certainly come and honor me, the kindness is already excessive.

吾無以酬之，若何？”無極曰：“令尹好甲兵，子出之，吾擇焉。”取五甲五兵，曰：“置諸門，令尹至，必觀之，而從以酬之。”及饗日，帷諸門左。無極謂令尹曰：“吾幾禍子。子惡將為子不利，甲在門矣，子必無往。且此役也，吳可以得志，子惡取賂焉而還，又誤群帥，使退其師，曰：‘乘亂不祥。’吳乘我喪，我乘其亂，不亦可乎？”令尹使視郤氏，則有甲焉。不往，召鄢將師而告之。將師退，遂令攻郤氏，且爇之。子惡聞之，遂自殺也。國人弗爇，令曰：“不爇郤氏，與之同罪。”或取一編菅焉，或取一秉稈焉，國人投之，遂弗爇也。令尹炮之，盡滅郤氏之族黨，殺陽令終與其弟完及佗與晉陳及其子弟。晉陳之族呼於國曰：“鄢氏、費氏自以為王，專禍楚國，弱寡王室，蒙王與令尹以自利也。令尹盡信之矣，國將如何？”令尹病之。

I have nothing to repay him with, what shall I do?" Wuji said: "The prime minister likes armor and weapons; if you bring them out, I will choose." He took five suits of armor and five weapons, and said: "Place them at the gate; when the prime minister arrives he will surely look at them, and you can then repay him with them." On the day of the banquet, a curtain was set up on the left of the gate. Wuji said to the prime minister: "I almost brought disaster on you. Zi'e is about to do you harm; there is armor at the gate, and you must not go. Moreover in this campaign Wu could have achieved its aims, but Zi'e took bribes and returned, and also delayed the army commanders, making them retreat, saying: 'To take advantage of disorder is inauspicious.' Wu took advantage of our mourning, and we take advantage of their disorder; would that not also be acceptable?" The prime minister sent someone to look at the Xi house, and there was armor. He did not go, and summoned Yan Jiangshi to tell him. Jiangshi withdrew and then ordered an attack on the Xi clan and also set fire to it. Zi'e heard of it and killed himself. The people of the state would not burn it, and an order was given: "Whoever does not burn the Xi house will have the same guilt." Some took a bundle of rushes, some a handful of straw, and the people threw them down and so did not burn it. The prime minister used the hot-iron torture and wholly destroyed the Xi clan and its partisans, killing Yang Lingzhong and his younger brothers Wan and Tuo, and Jin Chen and their sons and brothers. The Jin Chen clan shouted in the state: "The Yan and Fei clans think themselves kings, arbitrarily bring calamity to Chu, weaken the royal house, and deceive the king and prime minister for their own profit. The prime minister believes it all; what will the state do?" The prime minister was troubled by this.

秋，會於扈，令戍周，且謀納公也。宋、衛皆利納公，固請之。範獻子取貨於季孫，謂司城子梁與北宮貞子曰：“季孫未知其罪，而君伐之，請囚，請亡，於是乎不獲。君又弗克，而自出也。夫豈無備而能出君乎？季氏之復，天救之也。

In autumn, there was a meeting at Hu to order the garrison at Zhou and also to plan to send Duke Zhao in. Song and Wey both thought sending in Duke Zhao would be beneficial and insisted on asking. Fan Xianzi took goods from Jisun and said to Sicheng Ziliang and Beigong Zhenzi: "Jisun does not yet know his crime; the duke attacked him, and he asked to be imprisoned, asked to flee, and could not obtain it. The ruler was also unable to win and went out himself. Could he be let out and put the ruler back without precaution? The restoration of the Ji clan is Heaven saving him.

休公徒之怒，而啟叔孫氏之心。不然，豈其伐人而說甲執冰以遊？叔孫氏懼禍之濫，而自同於季氏，天之道也。魯君守齊，三年而無成。季氏甚得其民，淮夷與之，有十年之備，有齊、楚之援，有天之贊，有民之助，有堅守之心，有列國之權，而弗敢宣也，事君如在國。故鞅以為難。二子皆圖國者也，而欲納魯君，鞅之願也，請從二子以圍魯。無成，死之。”二子懼，皆辭。乃辭小國，而以難復。

The anger of the duke's followers was stopped and the heart of the Shusun clan was opened. Otherwise, how could they have attacked a man and yet taken off their armor and wandered around holding quivers? The Shusun clan, fearing that disaster would spread, made themselves the same as the Ji clan; this is the principle of Heaven. The ruler of Lu has been in Qi for three years without success. The Ji clan has won the people greatly, the Huai Yi are attached to them, they have ten years of defenses, help from Qi and Chu, the assistance of Heaven, the help of the people, a heart to hold firm and the power of the states, yet they do not dare to boast, and serve the ruler as if he were in the state. So Yang thinks it is difficult. You two plan for the state, yet want to send in the ruler of Lu; that is Yang's wish, and I ask to follow you in besieging Lu. If it does not succeed, I will die for it." The two were afraid and both declined. So they declined the small states, replying that it was difficult.

孟懿子、陽虎伐鄆。鄆人將戰，子家子曰：“天命不慆久矣。使君亡者，必此眾也。天既禍之，而自福也，不亦難乎？猶有鬼神，此必敗也。烏呼！為無望也夫，其死於此乎！”公使子家子如晉，公徒敗於且知。

Meng Yizi and Yang Hu attacked Yun. The men of Yun were about to fight, and Zijiazi said: "That Heaven's command is not in doubt has been so for a long time. Those who made the ruler flee must be this multitude. Heaven has already sent down disaster, and to seek blessing oneself, is that not hard? If there are still spirits, this campaign will surely be defeated. Alas! There is no hope; perhaps we will die here!" The duke sent Zijiazi to Jin, and the duke's followers were defeated at Qiezhi.

楚郤宛之難，國言未已，進胙者莫不謗令尹。沈尹戌言於子常曰：“夫左尹與中廄尹莫知其罪，而子殺之，以興謗讟，至於今不已。戌也惑之。仁者殺人以掩謗，猶弗為也。今吾子殺人以興謗，而弗圖，不亦異乎？夫無極，楚之讒人也，民莫不知。去朝吳，出蔡侯朱，喪太子建，殺連尹奢，屏王之耳目，使不聰明。

In the troubles of Xi Wan of Chu, the talk in the state had not stopped, and among those who came to offer sacrificial meat there were none who did not slander the prime minister. Shen Yin Xu said to Zichang: "No one knows the crimes of the Left Yin and the Middle Stable Yin; you killed them, aroused resentment and slander, and it has not stopped to this day. Xu is perplexed. A benevolent man kills people to cover up slander, and still would not do it. Now you kill people to arouse slander and make no plan; is that not strange? Wuji is a slanderer in Chu, and none of the people do not know it. He removed Zhao Wu, drove out Marquis Zhu of Cai, caused the loss of crown prince Jian, killed Lian Yin She, and screened the king's eyes and ears so that he was not clear-sighted.

不然，平王之溫惠共儉，有過成、莊，無不及焉。所以不獲諸侯，邇無極也。今又殺三不辜，以興大謗，幾及子矣。子而不圖，將焉用之？夫鄢將師矯子之命，以滅三族，國之良也，而不愆位。吳新有君，疆埸日駭，楚國若有大事，子其危哉！知者除讒以自安也，今子愛讒以自危也，甚矣其惑也！”子常曰：“是瓦之罪，敢不良圖。”九月己未，子常殺費無極與鄢將師，盡滅其族，以說於國。謗言乃止。

Otherwise, King Ping's gentleness, kindness, courtesy and frugality exceeded those of Cheng and Zhuang and were not inferior to them. The reason he could not win the feudal lords was his closeness to Wuji. Now you have killed three innocent men again and aroused great slander, which nearly reaches you. If you do not plan, what will you be used for? Yan Jiangshi, in your name, destroyed three clans, the worthy and good of the state, who had committed no fault in their positions. Wu has a new ruler, the borders are alarmed daily, and if Chu has a great matter, you are probably in danger! A wise man removes slanderers to be safe himself, and now you love slanderers and endanger yourself; the confusion is too great!" Zichang said: "It is Wa's fault; how dare I not plan well." In the ninth month, on the jiwei day, Zichang killed Fei Wuji and Yan Jiangshi and wholly destroyed their clans to please the people of the state. The slander only then stopped.

冬，公如齊，齊侯請饗之。子家子曰：“朝夕立於其朝，又何饗焉？其飲酒也。”乃飲酒，使宰獻，而請安。子仲之子曰重，為齊侯夫人，曰：“請使重見。”

In winter, Duke Zhao went to Qi, and the Marquis of Qi asked to hold a feast of ritual. Zijiazi said: "We stand in his court morning and evening, so what is the feast? Let us just drink." So they drank, and he sent the steward to present, asking for peace. Zizhong's son was called Chong and was the wife of the Marquis of Qi, who said: "Please let Chong come and see him."

子家子乃以君出。

Zijiazi then took the ruler out.

十二月，晉籍秦致諸侯之戍於周，魯人辭以難。

In the twelfth month, Ji Qin of Jin sent the feudal lords' garrison to Zhou, and the men of Lu declined on grounds of difficulty.

【經】二十有八年春王三月，葬曹悼公。公如晉，次於乾侯。夏四月丙戌，鄭伯寧卒。六月，葬鄭定公。秋七月癸巳，滕子寧卒。冬，葬滕悼公。

[Classic] In the twenty-eighth year, in spring, in the third month by the Zhou calendar, Duke Dao of Cao was buried. Duke Zhao went to Jin and camped at Qianhou. In summer, in the fourth month, on the bingxu day, Ning, Earl of Zheng, died. In the sixth month, Duke Ding of Zheng was buried. In autumn, in the seventh month, on the guisi day, Ning, Viscount of Teng, died. In winter, Duke Dao of Teng was buried.

【傳】二十八年春，公如晉，將如乾侯。子家子曰：“有求於人，而即其安，人孰矜之？其造於竟。”弗聽。使請逆於晉。晉人曰：“天禍魯國，君淹恤在外。

[Commentary] In the spring of the twenty-eighth year, Duke Zhao went to Jin and was about to reach Qianhou. Zijiazi said: "If you seek something from others but go to where you are comfortable, who will pity you? You had better go to the border." He did not listen. He sent someone to ask Jin to receive him. The men of Jin said: "Heaven is harming Lu, and the ruler is lingering outside in distress.

君亦不使一個辱在寡人，而即安於甥舅，其亦使逆君？”使公復於竟而後逆之。

The ruler also did not send one man to condescend to come to me, but seeks comfort with uncle and nephew; perhaps he wants us to meet him?" They had the duke return to the border and then received him.

晉祁勝與鄔臧通室，祁盈將執之，訪於司馬叔遊。叔遊曰：“《鄭書》有之：‘惡直醜正，實蕃有徒。’無道立矣，子懼不免。《詩》曰：‘民之多闢，無自立闢。’姑已，若何？”盈曰：“祁氏私有討，國何有焉？”遂執之。祁勝賂荀躒，荀躒為之言於晉侯，晉侯執祁盈。祁盈之臣曰：“鈞將皆死，憖使吾君聞勝與臧之死以為快。”乃殺之。夏六月，晉殺祁盈及楊食我。食我，祁盈之黨也，而助亂，故殺之。遂滅祁氏、羊舌氏。

Qi Sheng and Wu Zang of Jin exchanged wives, and Qi Ying was about to seize them and consulted the minister of war Shu You. Shu You said: "The Book of Zheng has this saying: 'To hate uprightness and make the right ugly, such followers are truly many.' The lawless have already been set up, and I fear you will not escape. The Book of Songs says: 'The people are very depraved; do not set up depravity yourself.' Will you stop for now? How is it?" Ying said: "The Qi clan is punishing privately; what has it to do with the state?" So he seized them. Qi Sheng bribed Xun Li, and Xun Li spoke for him to the Marquis of Jin, and the Marquis of Jin seized Qi Ying. Qi Ying's retainers said: "We will all die in any case; let us at least have our ruler hear of the deaths of Sheng and Zang as a satisfaction." So they killed them. In summer, in the sixth month, Jin killed Qi Ying and Yangshe Shiwo. Shiwo was a partisan of Qi Ying and had helped in the disorder, so he was killed. Then the Qi clan and the Yangshe clan were destroyed.

初，叔向欲娶於申公巫臣氏，其母欲娶其黨。叔向曰：“吾母多而庶鮮，吾懲舅氏矣。”其母曰：“子靈之妻殺三夫，一君，一子，而亡一國、兩卿矣。可無懲乎？吾聞之：‘甚美必有甚惡，’是鄭穆少妃姚子之子，子貉之妹也。子貉早死，無後，而天鍾美於是，將必以是大有敗也。昔有仍氏生女，鬒黑而甚美，光可以鑑，名曰玄妻。樂正後夔取之，生伯封，實有豕心，貪婪無饜，忿類無期，謂之封豕。有窮后羿滅之，夔是以不祀。且三代之亡，共子之廢，皆是物也。女何以為哉？夫有尤物，足以移人，苟非德義，則必有禍。”叔向懼，不敢取。平公強使取之，生伯石。伯石始生，子容之母走謁諸姑，曰：“長叔姒生男。”姑視之，及堂，聞其聲而還，曰：“是豺狼之聲也。狼子野心，非是，莫喪羊舌氏矣。”遂弗視。

Earlier, Shu Xiang wanted to take a wife from the family of Shen Gong Wuchen, but his mother wanted him to marry a woman of her own kin. Shu Xiang said: "My mother has many sons and few concubines' children, and I have already been warned by my maternal uncle's house." His mother said: "The wife of Ziling killed three husbands, one ruler and one son, and brought ruin to a state and two ministers. Can one be without warning? I have heard: 'Great beauty must have great ugliness.' This woman is the daughter of Yaozi, the junior consort of Duke Mu of Zheng, and the younger sister of Zihe. Zihe died early and left no heirs; Heaven has gathered beauty in this woman, and she will surely cause great ruin by it. Long ago the Reng clan had a daughter whose hair was black and very beautiful, so bright it could reflect people; she was named Xuanqi. Kui, the Music Master, married her and she bore Bofeng, who truly had the heart of a boar, was insatiably greedy and angry without limit, and was called Feng the Boar. Hou Yi of Youqiong destroyed him, and so Kui's sacrifices ceased. Moreover, the fall of the three dynasties and the deposition of Gongzi were all because of this kind of creature. Why do you want her? An extraordinary beauty is enough to change a person; if one does not have virtue and righteousness, there is sure to be misfortune." Shu Xiang was frightened and did not dare to marry her. Duke Ping forced him to marry her, and she bore Boshi. When Boshi was just born, the mother of Zirong ran to tell his aunt, saying: "Zhangshu's wife has borne a boy." His aunt went to see him, reached the hall, heard his voice and turned back, saying: "This is the voice of a jackal and a wolf. A wolf cub has a wild heart; were it not for this one, no one would bring ruin to the Yangshe clan." So she did not look at him.

秋，晉韓宣子卒，魏獻子為政。分祁氏之田以為七縣，分羊舌氏之田以為三縣。司馬彌牟為鄔大夫，賈辛為祁大夫，司馬烏為平陵大夫，魏戊為梗陽大夫，知徐吾為塗水大夫，韓固為馬首大夫，孟丙為盂大夫，樂霄為銅鞮大夫，趙朝為平陽大夫，僚安為楊氏大夫。謂賈辛、司馬烏為有力於王室，故舉之。謂知徐吾、趙朝、韓固、魏戊，餘子之不失職，能守業者也。其四人者，皆受縣而後見於魏子，以賢舉也。

In autumn, Han Xuanzi of Jin died, and Wei Xianzi took charge of the government. He divided the lands of the Qi clan into seven counties and the lands of the Yangshe clan into three counties. Sima Mimou became grand officer of Wu, Jia Xin grand officer of Qi, Sima Wu grand officer of Pingling, Wei Wu grand officer of Gengyang, Zhi Xuwu grand officer of Tushui, Han Gu grand officer of Mashou, Meng Bing grand officer of Yu, Yue Xiao grand officer of Tongdi, Zhao Chao grand officer of Pingyang, and Liao An grand officer of Yangshi. He judged that Jia Xin and Sima Wu had labored for the royal house, and so promoted them. He judged that Zhi Xuwu, Zhao Chao, Han Gu and Wei Wu were younger sons of noble houses who had not failed in their duties and could keep up their inheritance. These four all received their counties and then saw Master Wei, and were promoted by merit.

魏子謂成鱄：“吾與戊也縣，人其以我為黨乎？”對曰：“何也？戊之為人也，遠不忘君，近不逼同，居利思義，在約思純，有守心而無淫行。雖與之縣，不亦可乎？昔武王克商，光有天下。”其兄弟之國者十有五人，姬姓之國者四十人，皆舉親也。夫舉無他，唯善所在，親疏一也。《詩》曰：‘唯此文王，帝度其心。莫其德音，其德克明。克明克類，克長克君。王此大國，克順克比。比於文王，其德靡悔。既受帝祉，施於孫子。’心能制義曰度，德正應和曰莫，照臨四方曰明，勤施無私曰類，教誨不倦曰長，賞慶刑威曰君，慈和遍服曰順，擇善而從之曰比，經緯天地曰文。九德不愆，作事無悔，故襲天祿，子孫賴之。主之舉也，近文德矣，所及其遠哉！”賈辛將適其縣，見於魏子。魏子曰：“辛來！昔叔向適鄭，鬷蔑惡，欲觀叔向，從使之收器者而往，立於堂下。一言而善。叔向將飲酒，聞之，曰：‘必鬷明也。’下，執其手以上，曰‘昔賈大夫惡，娶妻而美，三年不言不笑，御以如皋，射雉，獲之。其妻始笑而言。賈大夫曰：“才之不可以已，我不能射，女遂不言不笑夫！”今子少不揚，子若無言，吾幾失子矣。言不可以已也如是。’遂如故知。今女有力於王室，吾是以舉女。行乎！敬之哉！毋墮乃力！”仲尼聞魏子之舉也，以為義，曰：“近不失親，遠不失舉，可謂義矣。”又聞其命賈辛也，以為忠：“《詩》曰：‘永言配命，自求多福’，忠也。魏子之舉也義，其命也忠，其長有後於晉國乎！”冬，梗陽人有獄，魏戊不能斷，以獄上。其大宗賂以女樂，魏子將受之。魏戊謂閻沒、女寬曰：“主以不賄聞於諸侯，若受梗陽人，賄莫甚焉。吾子必諫。”

Master Wei said to Cheng Zhuan: "I gave Wu a county; would people not think I am being partial?" He answered: "Why? Wu's character is such that far away he does not forget his ruler, close at hand he does not press his colleagues, in profit he thinks of righteousness, in poverty he thinks of purity, and he has a steadfast heart and no excess in conduct. Even if you gave him a county, would it not be acceptable? In the past, when King Wu conquered Shang and held all the world, there were fifteen men of brother states and forty of states of the Ji surname, all promoted from among kin. Promotion has no other criterion than where goodness lies, and near or distant makes no difference. The Odes say: 'This King Wen, God measured his heart. He stilled his virtuous voice, and his virtue could shine. Able to shine and able to classify, able to lead and able to rule. Ruling as king over this great state, able to obey and able to be close. Close to King Wen, his virtue had no regret. Having received God's blessing, it extended to his grandsons.' When the heart can restrain according to righteousness, it is called measure; when virtue is upright and harmonious, it is called calm; when it shines on the four quarters, it is called bright; when one gives diligently without private interest, it is called classifying; when one teaches without weariness, it is called leading; when one rewards, celebrates, punishes and awes, it is called ruling; when kindness and harmony win universal submission, it is called obeying; when one chooses the good and follows it, it is called being close; when one weaves heaven and earth, it is called being cultured. The nine virtues do not err, and in one's actions there is no regret, and so one inherits Heaven's emolument and descendants rely on it. Your selection comes close to the cultured virtue, and its reach is far!" Jia Xin was about to go to his county and saw Master Wei. Master Wei said: "Xin, come! Formerly Shu Xiang went to Zheng. Zong Mie was ugly and wanted to see Shu Xiang, so he followed the men sent to collect the vessels and stood below the hall. With one sentence he was judged good. Shu Xiang was about to drink and, hearing it, said: 'It must be Zong Ming.' He went down, took his hand and led him up, saying: 'Formerly Grand Officer Jia was ugly but married a beautiful wife; for three years she neither spoke nor smiled. He drove her to Gao and shot a pheasant and got it. Only then did his wife smile and speak. Grand Officer Jia said: "Talent must not be left idle; if I could not shoot, you would never speak or smile!" Now you are slightly unprepossessing; if you had not spoken, I would almost have lost you. Words must not be left idle, as in this case.' So they were like old friends. Now you have labored for the royal house, and so I promote you. Go! Be reverent and careful! Do not let your strength fall!" Zhongni heard of Master Wei's selections and judged them righteous, saying: "Close, he did not lose his kin; far, he did not lose his selections; this may be called righteous." He also heard of his charge to Jia Xin and judged it loyal: "The Odes say: 'Forever matching the mandate of Heaven, seeking many blessings oneself,' this is loyalty. Master Wei's selections are righteous and his charge is loyal; perhaps he will have descendants in Jin for a long time!" In winter, the people of Gengyang had a lawsuit, and Wei Wu could not decide it and sent the case up. Their great clan offered him female musicians as a bribe, and Master Wei was about to accept. Wei Wu said to Yan Mo and Nü Kuan: "Our master is known among the lords for not accepting bribes; if he accepts those of Gengyang, no bribe could be worse. You must remonstrate."

皆許諾。退朝，待於庭。饋入，召之。比置，三嘆。既食，使坐。魏子曰：“吾聞諸伯叔，諺曰：‘唯食忘憂。’吾子置食之間三嘆，何也？”同辭而對曰：“或賜二小人酒，不夕食。饋之始至，恐其不足，是以嘆。中置，自咎曰：‘豈將軍食之，而有不足？’是以再嘆。及饋之畢，願以小人之腹為君子之心，屬厭而已。”獻子辭梗陽人。

Both agreed. After leaving court, they waited in the courtyard. When the meal was brought in, he summoned them. When the dishes were being laid out, they sighed three times. Having eaten, he had them sit. Master Wei said: "I have heard from my uncles that, as the proverb says, 'only at meals does one forget worries.' While the food was being laid out, you sighed three times; why?" They answered together: "Someone gave us two small men wine, and we had had no supper. When the meal arrived, we feared it would not be enough, and so we sighed. When it was laid out, we reproached ourselves, saying: 'Surely the general's invitation to dine would not be too little?' So we sighed a second time. When the meal was finished, we hoped to use the belly of a small man for the heart of a gentleman, and be satisfied with just enough." Xianzi declined the people of Gengyang.

【經】二十有九年春，公至自乾侯，居於鄆，齊侯使高張來唁公。公如晉，次於乾侯。夏四月庚子，叔詣卒。秋七月。冬十月，鄆潰。

[Classic] In the twenty-ninth year, spring, the duke returned from Ganhou and stayed at Yun, and the Marquis of Qi sent Gao Zhang to offer condolences to the duke. The duke went to Jin and was stationed at Ganhou. In summer, on the gengzi day of the fourth month, Shu Yi died. In autumn, the seventh month. In winter, in the tenth month, Yun collapsed.

【傳】二十九年春，公至自乾侯，處於鄆。齊侯使高張來唁公，稱主君。子家子曰：“齊卑君矣，君只辱焉。”公如乾侯。

[Commentary] In the twenty-ninth year, spring, the duke returned from Ganhou and stayed at Yun. The Marquis of Qi sent Gao Zhang to offer condolences to the duke, addressing him as lord of the house. Zijia Zi said: "Qi has made light of you, my lord; you are only humiliated." The duke went to Ganhou.

三月己卯，京師殺召伯盈、尹氏固及原伯魯之子。尹固之復也，有婦人遇之周郊，尤之，曰：“處則勸人為禍，行則數日而反，是夫也，其過三歲乎？”夏五月庚寅，王子趙車入於鄻以叛，陰不佞敗之。

In the third month, on the jimao day, the capital killed Shao Bo Ying, Yin Gu, and the son of Yuan Bo Lu. When Yin Gu was returning, a woman met him in the Zhou outskirts and reproached him, saying: "You stay and urge people to make trouble, and after a few days you return; will this man last three years?" In summer, on the gengyin day of the fifth month, Prince Zhaoche entered Li and rebelled, and Yin Buning defeated him.

平子每歲賈馬，具從者之衣屨，而歸之於乾侯。公執歸馬者，賣之，乃不歸馬。衛侯來獻其乘馬曰啟服，塹而死，公將為之櫝。子家子曰：“從者病矣，請以食之。”乃以幃裹之。

Pingzi bought horses every year and prepared clothes and shoes for the followers and sent them to Ganhou. The duke seized the men who delivered the horses and sold them, and so no horses were sent. The Marquis of Wei came to present his riding horse, called Qifu, but it fell into a pit and died, and the duke was going to make a coffin for it. Zijia Zi said: "The followers are sick; please use it to feed them." So it was wrapped in a curtain.

公賜公衍羔裘，使獻龍輔於齊侯，遂入羔裘。齊侯喜，與之陽穀。公衍、公為之生也，其母偕出。公衍先生，公為之母曰：“相與偕出，請相與偕告。”三日，公為生，其母先以告，公為為兄。公私喜於陽穀而思於魯，曰：“務人為此禍也。且後生而為兄，其誣也久矣。”乃黜之，而以公衍為大子。

The duke gave Gongyan a lambskin coat and sent him to present a dragon-patterned bit to the Marquis of Qi, and so he also sent in the lambskin coat. The Marquis of Qi was pleased and gave him Yanggu. Gongyan and Gongwei were born, and their mothers went out together. Gongyan was born first. The mother of Gongwei said: "Since we came out together, let us announce the births together." Three days later Gongwei was born, but his mother announced it first, and Gongwei was made the elder. The duke privately liked Yanggu and thought of Lu, saying: "Wuren caused this misfortune. Moreover, the one born later was made elder; this deception has gone on a long time." So he deposed him and made Gongyan crown prince.

秋，龍見於絳郊。魏獻子問於蔡墨曰：“吾聞之，蟲莫知於龍，以其不生得也。謂之知，信乎？”對曰：“人實不知，非龍實知。古者畜龍，故國有豢龍氏，有御龍氏。”獻子曰：“是二氏者，吾亦聞之，而知其故，是何謂也？”對曰：“昔有飂叔安，有裔子曰董父，實甚好龍，能求其耆欲以飲食之，龍多歸之。

In autumn, a dragon appeared in the outskirts of Jiang. Wei Xianzi asked Cai Mo: "I have heard that among creatures none is wiser than the dragon, because it cannot be captured alive. It is called wise; is this credible?" He answered: "It is people who are in fact not wise, not dragons who are truly wise. In ancient times dragons were kept, and so the state had the Huanlong clan and the Yulong clan." Xianzi said: "I have also heard of these two clans, and know the reason, but what is the meaning?" He answered: "Long ago there was Liu Shu'an, who had a descendant named Dong Fu, who truly loved dragons and could find out what they wanted to eat and drink, and many dragons came to him.

乃擾畜龍，以服事帝舜。帝賜之姓曰董，氏曰豢龍。封諸鬷川，鬷夷氏其後也。

So he tamed dragons and served Emperor Shun. The emperor gave him the surname Dong and the clan name Huanlong. He was enfeoffed at Zongchuan, and the Zongyi clan is his descendants.

故帝舜氏世有畜龍。及有夏孔甲，擾於有帝，帝賜之乘龍，河、漢各二，各有雌雄，孔甲不能食，而未獲豢龍氏。有陶唐氏既衰，其後有劉累，學擾龍於豢龍氏，以事孔甲，能飲食之。夏後嘉之，賜氏曰御龍，以更豕韋之後。龍一雌死，潛醢以食夏後。夏後饗之，既而使求之。懼而遷於魯縣，范氏其後也。”獻子曰：“今何故無之？”對曰：“夫物，物有其官，官修其方，朝夕思之。一日失職，則死及之。失官不食。官宿其業，其物乃至。若泯棄之，物乃坻伏，鬱湮不育。

Hence the clan of Emperor Shun kept dragons for generations. When the Xia king Kong Jia came, following the Heavenly Emperor, the emperor gave him dragons to ride, two each from the Yellow and Han rivers, each a female and male; Kong Jia could not feed them and had not yet found the Huanlong clan. The Taotang clan had declined, and one of its descendants, Liu Lei, learned from the Huanlong clan how to tame dragons and served Kong Jia, and could feed them. The Xia king praised him and gave him the clan name Yulong, to replace the descendants of Shiwei. One of the female dragons died, and he secretly made it into minced meat and fed it to the Xia king. The Xia king enjoyed it and afterward sent for more. Frightened, he moved to Lu County, and the Fan clan is his descendants." Xianzi said: "Why are there none now?" He answered: "Every creature has its officials; the officials cultivate their methods and think of them morning and evening. If an official neglects his duty for a day, death arrives. If one loses the office, one is not fed. When an official has long worked at that task, the creature comes. If it is extinguished and abandoned, the creature goes into hiding, is stifled and does not breed.

故有五行之官，是謂五官。實列受氏姓，封為上公，祀為貴神。社稷五祀，是尊是奉。木正曰句芒，火正曰祝融，金正曰蓐收，水正曰玄冥，土正曰后土。龍，水物也。水官棄矣，故龍不生得。不然，《周易》有之，在《乾》ⅰⅰ之《姤》ⅰⅳ，曰：‘潛龍勿用。’其《同人》ⅰⅵ曰：‘見龍在田。’其《大有》ⅵⅰ曰：‘飛龍在天。’其《夬》ⅷⅰ曰：‘亢龍有悔。’其《坤》ⅱⅱ曰：‘見群龍無首，吉。’《坤》之《剝》ⅶⅱ曰：‘龍戰於野。’若不朝夕見，誰能物之？”獻子曰：“社稷五祀，誰氏之五官也？”對曰：“少皞氏有四叔，曰重、曰該、曰修、曰熙，實能金、木及水。使重為句芒，該為蓐收，修及熙為玄冥，世不失職，遂濟窮桑，此其三祀也。顓頊氏有子曰犁，為祝融；共工氏有子曰句龍，為后土，此其二祀也。后土為社；稷，田正也。有烈山氏之子曰柱為稷，自夏以上祀之。周棄亦為稷，自商以來祀之。”

Hence there were officials of the Five Phases, called the Five Officers. They were truly ranked, received clan names and surnames, were enfeoffed as senior dukes, and were sacrificed to as honored spirits. The altars of soil and grain and the five sacrifices honor them. The Official of Wood is called Gou Mang, the Official of Fire Zhu Rong, the Official of Metal Ru Shou, the Official of Water Xuan Ming, and the Official of Earth Hou Tu. The dragon is a creature of water. The water official was abandoned, and so a dragon cannot be captured alive. Otherwise, the Zhou Changes has it: in Qian changing into Gou it says: 'A hidden dragon: do not act.' Its Tongren says: 'A dragon seen in the field.' Its Dayou says: 'A flying dragon in the sky.' Its Guai says: 'An arrogant dragon will have cause for regret.' Its Kun says: 'Seeing a flock of dragons without a head: auspicious.' Kun changing into Bo says: 'Dragons fight in the wilds.' Unless one saw them morning and evening, who could describe them?" Xianzi said: "The altars of soil and grain and the five sacrifices, whose five officers are they?" He answered: "The Shaohao clan had four uncles called Chong, Gai, Xiu and Xi, who were truly able with metal, wood and water. They made Chong Gou Mang, Gai Ru Shou, and Xiu and Xi Xuan Ming, and for generations did not fail in their duties, and so Qiongsang was achieved; these are three of the sacrifices. The Zhuanxu clan had a son called Li, who became Zhu Rong; the Gonggong clan had a son called Goulong, who became Hou Tu; these are two of the sacrifices. Hou Tu is the altar of the soil; Ji is the Official of Fields. The son of the Lieshan clan, called Zhu, became Ji, and was sacrificed to from Xia upward. Qi of Zhou was also Ji, and was sacrificed to from Shang onward."

冬，晉趙鞅、荀寅帥師城汝濱，遂賦晉國一鼓鐵，以鑄刑鼎，著範宣子所為刑書焉。仲尼曰：“晉其亡乎！失其度矣。夫晉國將守唐叔之所受法度，以經緯其民，卿大夫以序守之。民是以能尊其貴，貴是以能守其業。貴賤不愆，所謂度也。文公是以作執秩之官，為被廬之法，以為盟主。今棄是度也，而為刑鼎，民在鼎矣，何以尊貴？貴何業之守？貴賤無序，何以為國？且夫宣子之刑，夷之蒐也，晉國之亂制也，若之何以為法？蔡史墨曰：“范氏、中行氏其亡乎！中行寅為下卿，而幹上令，擅作刑器，以為國法，是法奸也。又加范氏焉，易之，亡也。

In winter, Zhao Yang and Xun Yin of Jin led troops to build a wall at the Ru River bank, and so levied a drum's weight of iron from Jin to cast a penal tripod, inscribing the penal code made by Fan Xuanzi. Zhongni said: "Jin has probably perished! It has lost its standard. Jin should keep the standards received by Tang Shu, in order to weave the people together, and the ministers and grand officers should keep to them in order. The people can therefore honor the noble, and the noble can therefore keep their inheritance. When noble and base do not err, this is what is called a standard. Duke Wen therefore set up the officials of the rank registers and made the law of Beilu, and became leader of the covenant. Now it abandons this standard and makes a penal tripod; the people will be on the tripod, so how can they honor the noble? What inheritance would the noble keep? Without order between noble and base, how can it be a state? Moreover, Xuanzi's penal code is the product of the great hunt at Yi, the disordered system of Jin; why make it law?" Cai Shimo said: "The Fan and Zhonghang clans will probably perish! Zhonghang Yin is a junior minister yet offended against a higher order and arbitrarily made penal vessels as the law of the state; this is a treacherous law. And then the Fan clan changed it, and so it is ruin.

其及趙氏，趙孟與焉。然不得已，若德，可以免。”

It will reach the Zhao clan, and Zhao Meng also took part. But he had no choice; if he has virtue, he may escape."

【經】三十年春王正月，公在乾侯。夏六月庚辰，晉侯去疾卒。秋八月，葬晉頃公。冬十有二月，吳滅徐，徐子章羽奔楚。

[Classic] In the thirtieth year, spring, the first month by the Zhou royal calendar, the duke was at Ganhou. In summer, on the gengchen day of the sixth month, Quji, Marquis of Jin, died. In autumn, in the eighth month, Duke Qing of Jin was buried. In winter, in the twelfth month, Wu destroyed Xu, and Zhangyu, Viscount of Xu, fled to Chu.

【傳】三十年春，王正月，公在乾侯。不先書鄆與乾侯，非公，且徵過也。

[Commentary] In the thirtieth year, spring, the first month by the Zhou royal calendar, the duke was at Ganhou. The Annals does not first record Yun and Ganhou, to reproach the duke and to make his fault clear.

夏六月，晉頃公卒。秋八月，葬。鄭遊吉吊，且送葬，魏獻子使士景伯詰之，曰：“悼公之喪，子西吊，子蟜送葬。今吾子無貳，何故？”對曰：“諸侯所以歸晉君，禮也。禮也者，小事大，大字小之謂。事大在共其時命，字小在恤其所無。以敝邑居大國之間，共其職貢，與其備禦不虞之患，豈忘共命？先王之制：諸侯之喪，士吊，大夫送葬；唯嘉好、聘享、三軍之事，於是乎使卿。晉之喪事，敝邑之間，先君有所助執紼矣。若其不間，雖士大夫有所不獲數矣。大國之惠，亦慶其加，而不討其乏，明厎其情，取備而已，以為禮也。靈王之喪，我先君簡公在楚，我先大夫印段實往，敝邑之少卿也。王吏不討，恤所無也。今大夫曰：‘女盍從舊？’舊有豐有省，不知所從。從其豐，則寡君幼弱，是以不共。從其省，則吉在此矣。唯大夫圖之。”晉人不能詰。

In summer, in the sixth month, Duke Qing of Jin died. He was buried in the eighth month. You Ji of Zheng went to offer condolences and also attended the funeral, and Wei Xianzi sent Shi Jingbo to question him, saying: "At the funeral of Duke Dao, Zixi offered condolences and Zijiao attended the burial. Now you, sir, have no second person with you; what is the reason?" He answered: "The reason the lords turn toward the lord of Jin is ritual. Ritual means that the small serve the great and the great cherish the small. Serving the great means supplying the commands at their times; cherishing the small means caring for what they lack. With our humble state situated between great states, we supply tribute and also prepare against unforeseen disasters; how would we dare forget to supply what is commanded for a funeral? The institution of the former kings was that for a lord's funeral, an officer offers condolences and a grand officer attends the burial; only for felicitations, courtesy visits and the affairs of the three armies are ministers sent. For the funerals of Jin, when our humble state had leisure, our former lords sometimes helped hold the funeral ropes. If there was no leisure, even officers and grand officers could not always keep to the proper measure. The kindness of a great state also approves of adding ritual and does not reproach what falls short; it makes clear and conveys the actual circumstances, taking what can supply the ritual and no more, and treats that as ritual. At the funeral of King Ling, our former lord Duke Jian was in Chu, and our former grand officer Yin Duan went in truth, a junior minister of our humble state. The royal officials did not reproach us, out of concern for what we lacked. Now the grand officer says: 'Why do you not follow the old precedent?' The old precedent has the lavish and the frugal, and we do not know which to follow. If we follow the lavish one, our lord is young and weak, and so cannot supply it. If we follow the frugal one, then the auspicious is already here. Please consider this, grand officer." The people of Jin could not question him further.

吳子使徐人執掩餘，使鍾吾人執燭庸，二公子奔楚，楚子大封，而定其徙。

The Viscount of Wu had the people of Xu seize Yanyu and the people of Zhongwu seize Zhuyong. The two princes fled to Chu, and the Viscount of Chu gave them great fiefs and arranged for their relocation.

使監馬尹大心逆吳公子，使居養。莠尹然、左司馬沈尹戌城之，取於城父與胡田以與之。將以害吳也。子西諫曰：“吳光新得國，而親其民，視民如子，辛苦同之，將用之也。若好吳邊疆，使柔服焉，猶懼其至。吾又強其仇以重怒之，無乃不可乎！吳，周之胄裔也，而棄在海濱，不與姬通。今而始大，比於諸華。光又甚文，將自同於先王。不知天將以為虐乎，使翦喪吳國而封大異姓乎？其抑亦將卒以祚吳乎？其終不遠矣。我盍姑億吾鬼神，而寧吾族姓，以待其歸。將焉用自播揚焉？”王弗聽。吳子怒。冬十二月，吳子執鍾吳子，遂伐徐，防山以水之。

He sent Jianma Yin Daxin to welcome the princes of Wu and had them live at Yang. Youyin Ran and the Left Marshal Shen Yinxu fortified the place for them and took the fields of Chengfu and Hu to give to them. He was going to use them to harm Wu. Zixi remonstrated: "Guang of Wu has newly obtained the state and is close to his people, treating them as sons, bearing hardship together with them, and is about to use them. If we befriend the borders of Wu and make them soft and compliant, we should still fear they will come. And now we strengthen his enemies to increase his anger; I fear it cannot be done! Wu is a descendant of Zhou, cast out to the seashore and not associating with states of the Ji surname. Only now it is beginning to grow strong, matching the many Chinese states. Guang also has great cultural virtue and is about to compare himself to the former kings. We do not know whether Heaven will use him as a scourge and have him wipe out Wu and enfeoff great states of other surnames, or whether in the end it will bless Wu; the outcome will not be far off. Why do we not for now settle our own spirits and quiet our own clans to await its destination? Why must we spread it ourselves?" The king did not listen. The Viscount of Wu was angry. In winter, in the twelfth month, the Viscount of Wu seized the Viscount of Zhongwu (the base text has a variant form of this name, meaning the ruler of Zhongwu mentioned above), then attacked Xu, blocked the valleys and flooded it with water.

己卯，滅徐。徐子章禹斷其發，攜其夫人，以逆吳子。吳子唁而送之，使其邇臣從之，遂奔楚。楚沈尹戌帥師救徐，弗及，遂城夷，使徐子處之。

On the jimao day, he destroyed Xu. The Viscount of Xu, Zhangyu, cut his hair, took his consort, and came to meet the Viscount of Wu. The Viscount of Wu consoled him and sent him off, with his close attendants following him, and so he fled to Chu. Shen Yinxu of Chu led troops to rescue Xu but did not arrive in time, and so fortified Yi and had the Viscount of Xu live there.

吳子問於伍員曰：“初而言伐楚，餘知其可也，而恐其使餘往也，又惡人之有餘之功也。今餘將自有之矣，伐楚何如？”對曰：“楚執政眾而乖，莫適任患。

The Viscount of Wu asked Wu Yuan: "At first you said to attack Chu; I knew it could be done, but feared he would send me, and also disliked others having my merit. Now I am going to have it myself; how about attacking Chu?" He answered: "Chu's men in power are many and at odds, and none takes sole charge of its troubles.

若為三師以肄焉，一師至，彼必皆出。彼出則歸，彼歸則出，楚必道敝。亟肄以罷之，多方以誤之。既罷而後以三軍繼之，必大克之。”闔廬從之，楚於是乎始病。

If we divide into three armies and strike and harass them, when one army arrives they will certainly all come out. When they come out we go back, and when they go back we come out, and Chu will certainly be worn out on the roads. By striking and harassing them many times we wear them out, and by acting in many directions we confuse them. When they are worn out, we then follow up with the three armies and will certainly defeat them greatly." Helu agreed, and Chu began to suffer from this.