Duke Xiang (Years 1 to 31)

齊人獲臧堅。齊侯使夙沙衛唁之，且曰：“無死！”堅稽首曰：“拜命之辱！抑君賜不終，姑又使其刑臣禮於士。”以杙抉其傷而死。

The men of Qi captured Zang Jian. The Marquis of Qi sent Susha Wei to console him and said: "Do not die!" Jian bowed his head and said: "I thank you for condescending to give the order! But your lordship's rewards have a beginning and no end, and you let his castrated servant make obeisance to a gentleman." He drove a wooden peg into his wound and died.

冬，邾人伐我南鄙，為齊故也。

In winter, the men of Zhu raided our southern border, for the sake of Qi.

宋華閱卒。華臣弱皋比之室，使賊殺其宰華吳。賊六人以鈹殺諸盧門合左師之後。左師懼曰：“老夫無罪。”賊曰：“皋比私有討於吳。”遂幽其妻，曰：“畀餘而大璧！”宋公聞之，曰：“臣也，不唯其宗室是暴，大亂宋國之政，必逐之！”左師曰：“臣也，亦卿也。大臣不順，國之恥也。不如蓋之。”乃舍之。

Hua Yue of Song died. Hua Chen encroached upon the household of Gaobi and sent robbers to kill his house steward Hua Wu. Six robbers killed him with spears behind the Left Teacher at Lu Gate. The Left Teacher was frightened and said: "I, the old man, am without guilt." The robbers said: "Gaobi has a private grievance against Wu." So they confined his wife and said: "Give me the great jade disc!" The Duke of Song heard of it and said: "This minister not only tyrannizes his clan but throws the government of Song into great disorder; he must be driven out!" The Left Teacher said: "I am also a minister. When great ministers are not in harmony, it is a disgrace to the state. It is better to cover it up." So it was let go.

左師為己短策，苟過華臣之門，必聘。

The Left Teacher made himself a short horsewhip, and whenever he passed Hua Chen's gate he would whip his horse into a gallop.

十一月甲午，國人逐瘈狗，瘈狗入於華臣氏，國人從之。華臣懼，遂奔陳。

In the eleventh month, on jiawu, the people of the state were chasing a mad dog, and the mad dog entered the house of Hua Chen, and the people followed it in. Hua Chen was frightened and so fled to Chen.

宋皇國父為大宰，為平公築臺，妨於農功。子罕請俟農功之畢，公弗許。築者謳曰：“澤門之皙，實興我役。邑中之黔，實尉我心。”子罕聞之，親執撲，以行築者，而抶其不勉者，曰：“吾儕小人，皆有闔廬以闢燥溼寒暑。今君為一臺而不速成，何以為役？”謳者乃止。或問其故，子罕曰：“宋國區區，而且詛有祝，禍之本也。”

Huangguo Fu of Song, as Grand Steward, built a terrace for Duke Ping, which hindered farm work. Zihan asked to wait until the farm work was finished, but the Duke would not allow it. The builders of the terrace sang: "The fair-skinned one at Ze Gate truly stirs up our labor service. The dark-skinned one in the city truly comforts our hearts." Zihan heard this and personally took a whip and went around the builders, whipping those who did not exert themselves, and said: "We small people all have houses with doors to shelter us from dryness, damp, cold and heat. Now His Lordship builds one terrace and does not hurry to finish it; what will we do about the labor?" Those who sang then stopped. Someone asked the reason, and Zihan said: "Song is a tiny land, and has both curses and blessings; this is the root of calamity and disorder."

齊晏桓子卒。晏嬰粗縗斬，苴絰、帶、杖，菅屨，食鬻，居倚廬，寢苫，枕草。其老曰：“非大夫之禮也。”曰：“唯卿為大夫。”

Yan Huanzi of Qi died. Yan Ying wore coarse mourning clothes with cut edges, made his sash, belt and staff of hemp, wore straw sandals, ate gruel, lived in the mourning shed, slept on a grass mat and used grass as a pillow. The chief of his household retainers said: "This is not the ritual of a grandee." He said: "Only ministers perform the ritual of a grandee."

【經】十有八年春，白狄來。夏，晉人執衛行人石買。秋，齊師伐我北鄙。

[Classic] In the eighteenth year, in spring, the White Di came. In summer, the men of Jin seized Shi Mai, envoy of Wei. In autumn, the Qi army raided our northern border.

冬十月，公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子同圍齊。曹伯負芻卒於師。楚公子午帥師伐鄭。

In winter, in the tenth month, Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhu and together besieged Qi. Fuchu, Earl of Cao, died in the army. Prince Wu of Chu led an army to attack Zheng.

【傳】十八年春，白狄始來。

[Commentary] In the eighteenth year, in spring, the White Di began to come.

夏，晉人執衛行人石買於長子，執孫蒯於純留，為曹故也。

In summer, the men of Jin seized Shi Mai, envoy of Wei, at Zhangzi, and seized Sun Kuai at Chunliu, for the sake of Cao.

秋，齊侯伐我北鄙。中行獻子將伐齊，夢與厲公訟，弗勝，公以戈擊之，首隊於前，跪而戴之，奉之以走，見梗陽之巫皋。他日，見諸道，與之言，同。巫曰：“今茲主必死，若有事於東方，則可以逞。”獻子許諾。

In autumn, the Marquis of Qi raided our northern border. Zhonghang Xianzi was about to attack Qi, and dreamed that he was in a lawsuit with Duke Li and did not win; the Duke struck him with a spear, and his head fell in front of him; he knelt and put it back on, and ran away holding it, and met the shaman Gao of Gengyang. Later one day, he met him on the road and spoke with him, and it was the same. The shaman said: "This year the master will surely die, but if there is a matter in the east, it can be achieved." Xianzi agreed.

晉侯伐齊，將濟河。獻子以朱絲系玉二瑴，而禱曰：“齊環怙恃其險，負其眾庶，棄好背盟，陵虐神主。曾臣彪將率諸侯以討焉，其官臣偃實先後之。苟捷有功，無作神羞，官臣偃無敢復濟。唯爾有神裁之！”沉玉而濟。

The Marquis of Jin attacked Qi and was about to cross the river. Xianzi tied two jade tablets with red silk, prayed and said: "Huan of Qi relies on its strongholds, relies on its multitudes, abandons friendship and breaks covenants, and tyrannizes the spirits' lord. Your vassal Biao will lead the lords to punish him, and his official Yan truly assists before and behind. If we achieve victory and merit without bringing shame to the spirits, the official Yan will not dare to cross again. Only let the spirits decide!" He sank the jade in the river and then crossed.

冬十月，會於魯濟，尋湨梁之言，同伐齊。齊侯御諸平陰，塹防門而守之，廣裡。夙沙衛曰：“不能戰，莫如守險。”弗聽。諸侯之士門焉，齊人多死。範宣子告析文子曰：“吾知子，敢匿情乎？魯人、莒人皆請以車千乘自其鄉入，既許之矣。若入，君必失國。子盍圖之？”子家以告公，公恐。晏嬰聞之曰：“君固無勇，而又聞是，弗能久矣。”齊侯登巫山以望晉師。晉人使司馬斥山澤之險，雖所不至，必旆而疏陳之。使乘車者左實右偽，以旆先，輿曳柴而從之。齊侯見之，畏其眾也，乃脫歸。丙寅晦，齊師夜遁。師曠告晉侯曰：“鳥烏之聲樂，齊師其遁。”邢伯告中行伯曰：“有班馬之聲，齊師其遁。”叔向告晉侯曰：“城上有烏，齊師其遁。”

In winter, in the tenth month, they met at Luji, renewed the words of Jueliang, and together attacked Qi. The Marquis of Qi resisted at Pingyin, dug a moat to guard the Fang gate, one li wide. Susha Wei said: "We cannot fight; it is better to hold the strongholds." He did not listen. The soldiers of the lords attacked the city gate, and many men of Qi died. Fan Xuanzi told Xi Wenzi: "I know you; dare I hide the facts? The men of Lu and Ju both ask to enter from their side with a thousand chariots, and it has already been agreed. If they enter, Your Lordship will surely lose the state. Why do you not plan?" Zijia told the Duke, and the Duke was frightened. Yan Ying heard of it and said: "His Lordship had no courage to begin with, and hearing this, he will not last." The Marquis of Qi climbed Mount Wu and looked out at the Jin army. The men of Jin sent the Minister of War to scout the dangers of mountains and marshes, and even where the army did not reach they planted flags and set them out sparsely. They had real men on the left of the chariots and dummies on the right, with flags going in front and the chariots dragging brushwood behind. The Marquis of Qi saw this and, fearing they were many, slipped away and went back. On the last day of the month, bingyin, the Qi army fled in the night. Music Master Kuang told the Marquis of Jin: "The crows' cries are cheerful; the Qi army has probably fled." Xing Bo told Zhonghang Bo: "There is the sound of horses wheeling about; the Qi army has probably fled." Shuxiang told the Marquis of Jin: "There are crows on the city wall; the Qi army has probably fled."

十一月丁卯朔，入平陰，遂從齊師。夙沙衛連大車以塞隧而殿。殖綽、郭最曰：“子殿國師，齊之辱也。子姑先乎！”乃代之殿。衛殺馬於隘以塞道。晉州綽及之，射殖綽，中肩，兩矢夾脰，曰：“止，將為三軍獲。不止，將取其衷。”

On dingmao, the first day of the eleventh month, they entered Pingyin and then pursued the Qi army. Susha Wei linked large carts to block the tunnel and commanded the rear. Zhi Chuo and Guo Zui said: "For you to command the rear of the state's army is a disgrace to Qi. You should go first." So they took over the rear. Wei killed horses and blocked the road at the narrow pass. Zhou Chuo of Jin caught up and shot Zhi Chuo, hitting his shoulder with two arrows pinching his neck, and said: "Stop, and you will be a prisoner of the three armies. If you do not stop, I will shoot you in the middle."

顧曰：“為私誓。”州綽曰：“有如日！”乃弛弓而自後縛之。其右具丙亦舍兵而縛郭最，皆衿甲面縛，坐於中軍之鼓下。

He turned his head and said: "Let us make a private oath." Zhou Chuo said: "As surely as the sun!" So he unstrung the bow and bound him from behind. His spearman Jubing also put down his weapon and bound Guo Zui; both, in armor, were bound face to face and made to sit beneath the drum of the central army.

晉人慾逐歸者，魯、衛請攻險。己卯，荀偃、士匄以中軍克京茲。乙酉，魏絳、欒盈以下軍克邿。趙武、韓起以上軍圍盧，弗克。十二月戊戌，及秦周，伐雍門之萩。範鞅門於雍門，其御追喜以戈殺犬於門中。孟莊子斬其橁以為公琴。己亥，焚雍門及西郭、南郭。劉難、士弱率諸侯之師焚申池之竹木。壬寅，焚東郭、北郭。範鞅門於揚門。州綽門於東閭，左驂迫，還於門中，以枚數闔。

The men of Jin wanted to drive back those who returned, but Lu and Wei asked to attack the strongholds. On jimao, Xun Yan and Shi Gai took Jingzi with the central army. On yiyou, Wei Jiang and Luan Ying took Shi with the lower army. Zhao Wu and Han Qi besieged Lu with the upper army but did not take it. In the twelfth month, on wuxu, they reached Qinzhou and cut down the catalpa trees at Yong Gate. Fan Yang attacked Yong Gate, and his charioteer Zhuixi killed a dog in the gateway with a spear. Meng Zhuangzi cut down the chun trees to make zithers for the ducal house. On jihai, they burned Yong Gate and the western and southern outer wards. Liu Nan and Shi Ruo led the armies of the lords and burned the bamboo and trees of the Shen Pond. On renyin, they burned the eastern and northern outer wards. Fan Yang attacked Yang Gate. Zhou Chuo attacked the eastern gate-lane, and his left outer horse was squeezed and wheeled in the gateway, while he counted the gate studs with his whip.

齊侯駕，將走郵棠。大子與郭榮扣馬，曰：“師速而疾，略也。將退矣，君何懼焉！且社稷之主，不可以輕，輕則失眾。君必待之。”將犯之，大子抽劍斷鞅，乃止。甲辰，東侵及濰，南及沂。

The Marquis of Qi drove his chariot, about to flee to Youtang. The crown prince and Guo Rong pulled at the horses and said: "The army is swift and fierce; it is merely plundering. It is about to withdraw, so what does Your Lordship fear! Moreover the master of the altars of the soil and grain must not move lightly, for moving lightly loses the people. Your Lordship must wait." The chariot was about to dash off when the crown prince drew his sword and cut the breast-strap, and so it stopped. On the jiachen day, the invaders went east to Wei and south to Yi.

鄭子孔欲去諸大夫，將叛晉而起楚師以去之。使告子庚，子庚弗許。楚子聞之，使楊豚尹宜告子庚曰：“國人謂不穀主社稷，而不出師，死不從禮。不穀即位，於今五年，師徒不出，人其以不穀為自逸，而忘先君之業矣。大夫圖之！其若之何？”子庚嘆曰：“君王其謂午懷安乎！吾以利社稷也。”見使者，稽首而對曰：“諸侯方睦於晉，臣請嘗之。若可，君而繼之。不可，收師而退，可以無害，君亦無辱。”子庚帥師治兵於汾。於是子蟜、伯有、子張從鄭伯伐齊，子孔、子展、子西守。二子知子孔之謀，完守入保。子孔不敢會楚師。

Zikong of Zheng wanted to get rid of the various grand officers, and was about to rebel against Jin and bring in a Chu army to remove them. He sent word to Zigeng, but Zigeng did not permit it. The Viscount of Chu heard of it and sent Yang Dun Yin Yi to say to Zigeng: "The people of the state think that I, who preside over the altars of the soil and grain, do not send out troops, and that it would be contrary to ritual to die so. In the five years since I took the throne the army has not gone out, and people probably think I am idle and have forgotten the work of the former rulers. Grand officers, plan it! What shall we do?" Zigeng sighed and said: "His Majesty probably thinks Wu is greedy for ease! I am acting for the benefit of the altars of the soil and grain." He met the envoy and answered with a kowtow: "The feudal lords are now at peace with Jin, so I ask to probe. If it is possible, Your Majesty may follow up. If not, I will withdraw the army, which can do no harm, and Your Majesty will suffer no disgrace." Zigeng led the army to drill at Fen. At that time Zijiao, Boyou and Zizhang were following the Earl of Zheng to attack Qi, while Zikong, Zizhan and Zixi remained as guards. Those two knew Zikong's plan, perfected the defenses and entered the fortress. Zikong did not dare join up with the Chu army.

楚師伐鄭，次於魚陵。右師城上棘，遂涉潁，次於旃然。蒍子馮、公子格率銳師侵費滑、胥靡、獻於、雍梁，右回梅山，侵鄭東北，至於蟲牢而反。子庚門於純門，信於城下而還。涉於魚齒之下，甚雨及之，楚師多凍，役徒幾盡。

The Chu army attacked Zheng and camped at Yuling. The Right Army built up Shangji, then crossed the Han River and camped at Zhanran. Weizi Feng and Prince Ge led picked troops to invade Feihua, Xumi, Xianyu and Yongliang, circled to the right around Mount Mei, invaded the northeast of Zheng, reached Chonglao and then turned back. Zigeng attacked the Chun Gate and stayed two nights below the walls before returning. They crossed the river below Yuchi, and heavy rain caught them; the Chu troops suffered heavily from cold, and the laborers nearly all died.

晉人聞有楚師，師曠曰：“不害。吾驟歌北風，又歌南風。南風不競，多死聲。楚必無功。”董叔曰：“天道多在西北，南師不時，必無功。”叔向曰：“在其君之德也。”

When the men of Jin heard that there was a Chu army, Shi Kuang said: "It does no harm. I sang the northern wind several times and also the southern wind. The southern wind is not strong, and there are many sounds of death. Chu will surely have no success." Dong Shu said: "The way of Heaven lies mostly in the northwest; a southern army is out of season and will surely have no success." Shu Xiang said: "It depends on the virtue of their ruler."

【經】十有九年春王正月，諸侯盟於祝柯。晉人執邾子，公至自伐齊。取邾田，自漷水。季孫宿如晉。葬曹成公。夏，衛孫林父帥師伐齊。秋七月辛卯，齊侯環卒。晉士匄帥師侵齊，至谷，聞齊侯卒，乃還。八月丙辰，仲孫蔑卒。齊殺其大夫高厚。鄭殺其大夫公子嘉。冬，葬齊靈公。城西郛。叔孫豹會晉士匄於柯。城武城。

[Classic] In the nineteenth year, in spring, the first month by the Zhou calendar, the feudal lords made a covenant at Zhuke. Men of Jin seized the Viscount of Zhu. Duke Xiang returned from attacking Qi. The lands of Zhu were taken, beginning from the Huo River. Jisun Su went to Jin. Duke Cheng of Cao was buried. In summer, Sun Linfu of Wey led an army to attack Qi. In autumn, in the seventh month, on the xinmao day, Huan, Marquis of Qi, died. Shi Gai of Jin led an army to invade Qi and reached Gu, and, hearing that the Marquis of Qi had died, returned. In the eighth month, on the bingchen day, Zhongsun Mie died. Qi killed its grand officer Gao Hou. Zheng killed its grand officer Prince Jia. In winter, Duke Ling of Qi was buried. The western outer wall was built. Shuosun Bao met Shi Gai of Jin at Ke. Wucheng was built.

【傳】十九年春，諸侯還自沂上，盟於督揚，曰：“大毋侵小。”

[Commentary] In the spring of the nineteenth year, the feudal lords returned from Yi and made a covenant at Duyang, saying: "The large shall not invade the small."

執邾悼公，以其伐我故。遂次於泗上，疆我田。取邾田，自漷水歸之於我。

The Duke of Zhu, Dao, was seized because he had attacked our state. They then camped at the Si River and fixed our state's field boundaries. The lands taken from Zhu, beginning from the Huo River, were returned to our state.

晉侯先歸。公享晉六卿於蒲圃，賜之三命之服。軍尉、司馬、司空、輿尉、候奄，皆受一命之服。賄荀偃束錦，加璧，乘馬，先吳壽夢之鼎。

The Marquis of Jin went back first. Duke Xiang gave a banquet at Pupu for the six ministers of Jin and bestowed on them robes of three commands. The military commandant, minister of war, minister of works, chariot commandant and scout commandant all received robes of one command. He bribed Xun Yan with a bundle of brocade, adding a jade disc and four horses, and first presented the tripod of Shoumeng of Wu.

荀偃癉疽，生瘍於頭。濟河，及著雍，病，目出。大夫先歸者皆反。士匄請見，弗內。請後，曰：“鄭甥可。”二月甲寅，卒，而視，不可含。宣子盥而撫之，曰：“事吳，敢不如事主！”猶視。欒懷子曰：“其為未卒事於齊故也乎？”乃復撫之曰：“主苟終，所不嗣事於齊者，有如河！”乃暝，受含。宣子出，曰：“吾淺之為丈夫也。”

Xun Yan contracted a carbuncle, and an ulcer formed on his head. When he crossed the river and reached Zhuyong, he grew gravely ill and his eyeballs protruded. The grand officers who had gone back first all returned. Shi Gai asked to see him, but was not admitted. When asked about his successor, he said: "The nephew from Zheng will do." In the second month, on the jiayin day, he died, but with his eyes open and unable to receive the jade for the mouth. Xuanzi washed his hands and stroked him, saying: "I will serve Wu, how dare I not serve him as I served my lord!" His eyes were still open. Luan Huaizi said: "Perhaps it is because the matter of Qi has not been completed?" So he stroked him again and said: "When you are gone, if anyone does not continue to use troops against Qi, may the River God deal with him!" Then the eyes closed and he received the jade. Xuanzi went out and said: "As a man, I have been too shallow."

晉欒魴帥師從衛孫文子伐齊。季武子如晉拜師，晉侯享之。範宣子為政，賦《黍苗》。季武子興，再拜稽首曰：“小國之仰大國也，如百穀之仰膏雨焉！若常膏之，其天下輯睦，豈唯敝邑？”賦《六月》。

Luan Fang of Jin led troops to follow Sun Wenzi of Wey in attacking Qi. Ji Wuzi went to Jin to thank them for sending troops, and the Marquis of Jin gave him a banquet. Fan Xuanzi, who was in power, recited "The Millet Seedlings". Ji Wuzi rose, bowed twice with a kowtow and said: "A small state looks to a great state as the hundred grains look to the rich rain! If it moistens constantly, all under Heaven will be at peace, and not only our humble city?" He recited "The Sixth Month".

季武子以所得於齊之兵，作林鐘而銘魯功焉。臧武仲謂季孫曰：“非禮也。

Ji Wuzi used the weapons obtained from Qi to make a bell of the Linzhong pitch and inscribed it with the achievements of Lu. Zang Wuzhong said to Jisun: "This is contrary to ritual.

夫銘，天子令德，諸侯言時計功，大夫稱伐。今稱伐則下等也，計功則借人也，言時則妨民多矣，何以為銘？且夫大伐小，取其所得以作彝器，銘其功烈以示子孫，昭明德而懲無禮也。今將借人之力以救其死，若之何銘之？小國幸於大國，而昭所獲焉以怒之，亡之道也。”

In inscriptions, the Son of Heaven records fine virtue, the feudal lords record what is timely and count achievements, and grand officers recount campaigns. Now to recount a campaign is lowly; to count achievements is to borrow another's strength; to speak of timeliness harms the people greatly; on what grounds can one make an inscription? Moreover, when the great attack the small, they take what they get and make ritual vessels, and inscribe the achievements to show their descendants, to display virtue and warn against discourtesy. Now you are about to borrow another's strength to save yourself from death; how can you inscribe it? A small state that is lucky before a large state, yet displays what it has gained to anger it, is on the road to destruction."

齊侯娶於魯，曰顏懿姬，無子。其侄鬲聲姬，生光，以為大子。諸子仲子、戎子，戎子嬖。仲子生牙，屬諸戎子。戎子請以為大子，許之。仲子曰：“不可。

The Marquis of Qi had taken a wife from Lu, called Yan Yi Ji, who had no son. Her niece, Lisheng Ji, bore Guang, who was made crown prince. Among the concubines were Zhongzi and Rongzi, and Rongzi was favored. Zhongzi bore Ya and entrusted him to Rongzi. Rongzi asked that he be made crown prince, and the marquis agreed. Zhongzi said: "It cannot be done.

廢常，不祥；間諸侯，難。光之立也，列於諸侯矣。今無故而廢之，是專黜諸侯，而以難犯不祥也。君必悔之。”公曰：“在我而已。”遂東大子光。使高厚傅牙，以為大子，夙沙衛為少傅。

To abandon the regular order is inauspicious; to offend the feudal lords is difficult. Guang's accession has already been entered among the feudal lords. To depose him now for no reason is to arbitrarily demote the lords, using difficulty to run into inauspiciousness. Your Lordship will surely regret it." The marquis said: "It rests with me." So he moved the crown prince Guang to the east, had Gao Hou instruct Ya and set him up as crown prince, and made Susha Wei the junior tutor.

齊侯疾，崔杼微逆光。疾病，而立之。光殺戎子，屍諸朝，非禮也。婦人無刑。雖有刑，不在朝市。

The Marquis of Qi fell ill, and Cui Zhu secretly welcomed Guang. When the illness became grave, he was set up. Guang killed Rongzi and exposed her body in the court, which was contrary to ritual. There is no such punishment for women. Even if there is a punishment, it is not carried out in the court or market.

夏五月壬辰晦，齊靈公卒。莊公即位，執公子牙於句瀆之丘。以夙沙衛易己，衛奔高唐以叛。

In summer, in the fifth month, on the renchen day, the last of the month, Duke Ling of Qi died. Duke Zhuang took the throne and seized Prince Ya at the hill of Judu. Because Susha Wei had changed himself, Wei fled to Gaotang and rebelled.

晉士匄侵齊，及谷，聞喪而還，禮也。

Shi Gai of Jin invaded Qi, reached Gu, and returned on hearing of the mourning, which was in accordance with ritual.

於四月丁未，鄭公孫蠆卒，赴於晉大夫。範宣子言於晉侯，以其善於伐秦也。

In the fourth month, on the dingwei day, Gongsun Chai of Zheng died, and the announcement was sent to the grand officers of Jin. Fan Xuanzi said to the Marquis of Jin that it was because he had performed well in the attack on Qin.

六月，晉侯請於王，王追賜之大路，使以行，禮也。

In the sixth month, the Marquis of Jin made a request to the Son of Heaven, and the Son of Heaven posthumously bestowed a grand carriage on him to be used in the funeral, which was in accordance with ritual.

秋八月，齊崔杼殺高厚於灑藍而兼其室。書曰：“齊殺其大夫。”從君於昏也。

In autumn, in the eighth month, Cui Zhu of Qi killed Gao Hou at Salan and annexed his household. The Annals records "Qi killed its grand officer," because he followed the ruler in his confusion.

鄭子孔之為政也專。國人患之，乃討西宮之難，與純門之師。子孔當罪，以其甲及子革、子良氏之甲守。甲辰，子展、子西率國人伐之，殺子孔而分其室。

Zikong of Zheng ruled by his own authority. The people of the state were troubled, and so they punished him for the disaster of the West Palace and for the troops sent out at Chun Gate. Zikong was deemed guilty, and he used his own armed men and those of the Zige and Ziliang clans to guard. On the jiachen day, Zizhan and Zixi led the people of the state to attack him, killed Zikong and divided his household.

書曰：“鄭殺其大夫。”專也。子然、子孔，宋子之子也；士子孔，圭媯之子也。

The Annals records "Zheng killed its grand officer" because he acted on his own authority. Ziran and Zikong were sons of Songzi; Shi Zikong was the son of Gui Gui.

圭媯之班亞宋子，而相親也；二子孔亦相親也。僖之四年，子然卒，簡之元年，士子孔卒。司徒孔實相子革、子良之室，三室如一，故及於難。子革、子良出奔楚，子革為右尹。鄭人使子展當國，子西聽政，立子產為卿。

Gui Gui ranked below Songzi but they were close to each other, and the two Zikongs were also close. In the fourth year of Duke Xi, Ziran died, and in the first year of Duke Jian, Shi Zikong died. Sikong Kong in fact helped the households of Zige and Ziliang, and the three families were like one household, so they met with disaster. Zige and Ziliang fled to Chu, and Zige became Right Prime Minister. The men of Zheng had Zizhan preside over state affairs, Zixi attend to government, and set up Zichan as a minister.

齊慶封圍高唐，弗克。冬十一月，齊侯圍之，見衛在城上，號之，乃下。問守備焉，以無備告。揖之，乃登。聞師將傅，食高唐人。殖綽、工僂會夜縋納師，醢衛于軍。

Qing Feng of Qi besieged Gaotang but did not take it. In winter, in the eleventh month, the Marquis of Qi besieged it, saw Wei on the wall, called to him, and Wei came down. When asked about the defenses, he said there were none. They bowed to each other and then he climbed the wall. Hearing that the army was about to scale the city, he gave the men of Gaotang food. Zhi Chuo and Gong Lou Hui lowered the army in by ropes at night, and in the army Wei was made into meat paste.

城西郛，懼齊也。

The western outer wall was built, out of fear of Qi.

齊及晉平，盟於大隧。故穆叔會範宣子於柯。穆叔見叔向，賦《載馳》之四章。叔向曰：“肸敢不承命。”穆叔曰：“齊猶未也，不可以不懼。”乃城武城。

Qi made peace with Jin and a covenant was made at Dasui. So Mu Shu met Fan Xuanzi at Ke. Mu Shu saw Shu Xiang and recited the fourth stanza of "Galloping Horses". Shu Xiang said: "Xi dare not fail to accept the command." Mu Shu said: "Qi is not yet finished, and we cannot fail to fear it." So Wucheng was built.

衛石共子卒，悼子不哀。孔成子曰：“是謂蹶其本，必不有其宗。”

Shi Gongzi of Wey died, and Daozi was not sorrowful. Kong Chengzi said: "This is called uprooting the foundation; he will certainly not keep his clan."

【經】二十年春王正月辛亥，仲孫速會莒人盟於向。夏六月庚申，公會晉侯、齊侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯，小邾子盟於澶淵。秋，公至自會。仲孫速帥師伐邾。蔡殺其大夫公子燮。蔡公子履出奔楚。

[Classic] In the twentieth year, in spring, the first month by the Zhou calendar, on the xinhai day, Zhongsun Su joined the men of Ju in making a covenant at Xiang. In summer, in the sixth month, on the gengshen day, Duke Xiang met the Marquis of Jin, the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wey, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Viscount of Teng, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Xiaozhu, and made a covenant at Chanyuan. In autumn Duke Xiang returned from the meeting. Zhongsun Su led an army to attack Zhu. Cai killed its grand officer Prince Xie. Prince Lü of Cai fled to Chu.

陳侯之弟黃出奔楚。叔老如齊。冬十月丙辰朔，日有食之。季孫宿如宋。

Huang, younger brother of the Marquis of Chen, fled to Chu. Shu Lao went to Qi. In winter, in the tenth month, on the bingchen day, the first of the month, there was a solar eclipse. Jisun Su went to Song.

【傳】二十年春，及莒平。孟莊子會莒人，盟於向，督揚之盟故也。

[Commentary] In the spring of the twentieth year, peace was made with Ju. Meng Zhuangzi met the men of Ju and made a covenant at Xiang, on account of the covenant of Duyang.

夏，盟於澶淵，齊成故也。

In summer a covenant was made at Chanyuan, because Qi had made peace.

邾人驟至，以諸侯之事，弗能報也。秋，孟莊子伐邾以報之。

Men of Zhu came repeatedly; because of the affairs of the feudal lords, no retaliation was possible. In autumn Meng Zhuangzi attacked Zhu in retaliation.

蔡公子燮欲以蔡之晉，蔡人殺之。公子履，其母弟也，故出奔楚。

Prince Xie of Cai wanted Cai to lean toward Jin, and the men of Cai killed him. Prince Lü was his younger brother by the same mother, so he fled to Chu.

陳慶虎、慶寅畏公子黃之逼，愬諸楚曰：“與蔡司馬同謀。”楚人以為討。

Qing Hu and Qing Yin of Chen, afraid of the pressure from Prince Huang, accused him to Chu, saying: "He plotted together with the minister of war of Cai." Thereupon the men of Chu punished him.

公子黃出奔楚。

Prince Huang fled to Chu.

初，蔡文侯欲事晉，曰：“先君與於踐士之盟，晉不可棄，且兄弟也。”畏楚，不能行而卒。楚人使蔡無常，公子燮求從先君以利蔡，不能而死。書曰：“蔡殺其大夫公子燮”，言不與民同欲也；“陳侯之弟黃出奔楚”，言非其罪也。

Earlier, Marquis Wen of Cai had wanted to serve Jin, saying: "The former ruler took part in the covenant of Jiantu, so Jin cannot be abandoned, and besides it is a brother state." Fearing Chu, he could not carry it out and died. The men of Chu had no regular rule for Cai; Prince Xie asked to follow the former ruler for the benefit of Cai, but could not and died. The Annals records "Cai killed its grand officer Prince Xie," meaning he did not share the same wish as the people; "Huang, younger brother of the Marquis of Chen, fled to Chu," meaning it was not his fault.

公子黃將出奔，呼於國曰：“慶氏無道，求專陳國，暴蔑其君，而去其親，五年不滅，是無天也。”

Prince Huang, about to flee, cried out in the state: "The Qing clan is without the Way, seeks to rule Chen on its own authority, is cruel and contemptuous toward the ruler and removes his kin; if it does not perish within five years, there is no Heaven."

齊子初聘於齊，禮也。

Qizi made his first visit to Qi, which was in accordance with ritual.

冬，季武子如宋，報向戌之聘也。褚師段逆之以受享，賦《常棣》之七章以卒。宋人重賄之。歸，覆命，公享之。賦《魚麗》之卒章。公賦《南山有臺》。

In winter, Ji Wuzi went to Song, returning the visit of Xiang Xu. Chu Shi Duan welcomed him and received him at a banquet, reciting the seventh stanza of "The Cherry Tree" through to the last stanza. The men of Song bribed him heavily. On returning to report, Duke Xiang gave him a banquet. He recited the last stanza of "The Fish in the Net". Duke Xiang recited "On the South Hill Is the Platform".

武子去所，曰：“臣不堪也。”

Wuzi left his mat and said: "I cannot bear it."