Duke Xiang (Years 1 to 31)

【傳】十四年春，吳告敗於晉。會於向，為吳謀楚故也。範宣子數吳之不德也，以退吳人。

[Commentary] In the fourteenth year, in spring, Wu reported its defeat to Jin. The meeting at Xiang was to plan with Wu against Chu. Fan Xuanzi rebuked Wu for lack of virtue, in order to make the Wu men withdraw.

執莒公子務婁，以其通楚使也。

They seized Prince Wulou of Ju, because he had been in contact with an envoy of Chu.

將執戎子駒支。範宣子親數諸朝，曰：“來！姜戎氏！昔秦人迫逐乃祖吾離於瓜州，乃祖吾離被苫蓋，蒙荊棘，以來歸我先君。我先君惠公有不腆之田，與女剖分而食之。今諸侯之事我寡君不如昔者，蓋言語漏洩，則職女之由。詰朝之事，爾無與焉！與將執女！”對曰：“昔秦人負恃其眾，貪於土地，逐我諸戎。

They were about to seize Zhizhi, chief of the Rong. Fan Xuanzi personally rebuked him in the court, saying: "Come here, you Jiang Rong! Formerly the men of Qin drove your ancestor Wuli out from Guazhou; your ancestor Wuli, wearing thatch and covered with brambles, came to submit to our former ruler. Our former ruler Duke Hui had fields that were not rich, and divided them with you in half to eat. Now the lords serve our ruler not as before, probably because words have leaked out, which is the result of what you have done. In tomorrow's court assembly, do not take part! If you take part, you will be seized!" He replied: "Formerly the men of Qin, relying on their numbers and coveting land, drove out us, the many Rong.

惠公蠲其大德，謂我諸戎，是四嶽之裔胄也，毋是翦棄。賜我南鄙之田，狐狸所居，豺狼所嗥。我諸戎除翦其荊棘，驅其狐狸豺狼，以為先君不侵不叛之臣，至於今不貳。昔文公與秦伐鄭，秦人竊與鄭盟而舍戍焉，於是乎有殽之師。晉御其上，戎亢其下，秦師不復，我諸戎實然。譬如捕鹿，晉人角之，諸戎掎之，與晉踣之，戎何以不免？自是以來，晉之百役，與我諸戎相繼於時，以從執政，猶殽志也。豈敢離逖？今官之師旅，無乃實有所闕，以攜諸侯，而罪我諸戎！我諸戎飲食衣服，不與華同，贄幣不通，言語不達，何惡之能為？不與於會，亦無瞢焉！”賦《青蠅》而退。宣子辭焉，使即事於會，成愷悌也。於是，子叔齊子為季武子介以會，自是晉人輕魯幣，而益敬其使。

Duke Hui showed his great virtue and considered that we, the Rong, were descendants of the Four Mountains and should not be cut off and cast away like this. He granted us fields on the southern border, where foxes dwell and jackals and wolves howl. We, the many Rong, cleared away the brambles, drove out the foxes and jackals, and became the former ruler's subjects who did not invade or rebel, and to this day we have no divided heart. Formerly, when Duke Wen and Qin attacked Zheng, the men of Qin secretly made a covenant with Zheng and left a garrison, and so there was the battle of Xiao. Jin resisted them from above and the Rong blocked them below, and the Qin army could not return, which was truly done by us, the many Rong. It was like catching a deer: the men of Jin seized the horns and the Rong pulled the legs, and together with Jin we brought it down; how can the Rong be spared blame? Since then, in the hundred battles of Jin, we, the many Rong, have followed one after another, arriving in good time and following those in power, with the same resolve as in the battle of Xiao. How would we dare to stay far away? Now the officers leading your troops probably have real failings and so make the lords disaffected, yet you blame us, the many Rong! We, the many Rong, do not share food and clothing with the Chinese states, our gifts do not circulate, our language does not reach, so what evil can we do? Not taking part in the meeting will not distress us!" He recited the ode "The Blue Flies" and withdrew. Xuanzi apologized and had him take his place at the assembly, completing the harmony. At that time Zishu Qizi was Ji Wuzi's deputy at the meeting; from then on the men of Jin reduced Lu's tribute and showed more respect to its envoy.

吳子諸樊既除喪，將立季札。季札辭曰：“曹宣公之卒也，諸侯與曹人不義曹君，將立子臧。子臧去之，遂弗為也，以成曹君。君子曰：‘能守節。’君，義嗣也。誰敢奸君？有國，非吾節也。札雖不才，願附於子臧，以無失節。”固立之。棄其室而耕。乃舍之。

Zhufan, Viscount of Wu, had already taken off his mourning dress and was about to install Ji Zha. Ji Zha declined, saying: "When Duke Xuan of Cao died, the lords and the men of Cao did not consider the Cao ruler righteous and were about to install Zizang. Zizang left, and so it did not come about, thereby making the Cao ruler secure. The gentleman said: 'He could keep to his principle.' Your Majesty is the rightful heir. Who would dare to offend Your Majesty? To possess a state is not my principle. Although Zha is without talent, I wish to cling to Zizang so as not to lose my principle." They insisted on installing him. He abandoned his household and went off to plow. So they gave it up.

夏，諸侯之大夫從晉侯伐秦，以報櫟之役也。晉侯待於竟，使六卿帥諸侯之師以進。及涇，不濟。叔向見叔孫穆子。穆子賦《匏有苦葉》。叔向退而具舟，魯人、莒人先濟。鄭子蟜見衛北宮懿子曰：“與人而不固，取惡莫甚焉！若社稷何？”懿子說。二子見諸侯之師而勸之濟，濟涇而次。秦人毒涇上流，師人多死。鄭司馬子蟜帥鄭師以進，師皆從之，至於棫林，不獲成焉。荀偃令曰：“雞鳴而駕，塞井夷灶，唯餘馬首是瞻！”欒黶曰：“晉國之命，未是有也。餘馬首欲東。”乃歸。下軍從之。左史謂魏莊子曰：“不待中行伯乎？”莊子曰：“夫子命從帥。欒伯，吾帥也，吾將從之。從帥，所以待夫子也。”伯遊曰：“吾令實過，悔之何及，多遺秦禽。”乃命大還。晉人謂之遷延之役。

In summer, the grandees of the lords followed the Marquis of Jin in attacking Qin, to repay the battle of Li. The Marquis of Jin waited at the border and sent the six ministers to lead the armies of the lords forward. When they reached the Jing River, they did not cross. Shuxiang went to see Shu Sun Mu. Mu recited the ode "The Gourd Has Bitter Leaves." Shuxiang withdrew and prepared boats, and the men of Lu and Ju crossed first. Zi Jiao of Zheng saw Bei Gong Yizi of Wei and said: "To follow others but not firmly, no evil is worse than that! What will become of the altars of the state?" Yizi was pleased. The two went to see the armies of the lords and urged them to cross, and having crossed the Jing, they camped. The men of Qin poured poison into the upper reaches of the Jing, and many soldiers died. Zi Jiao, the Minister of War of Zheng, led the Zheng army forward and the armies all followed, and at Yulin they did not obtain a peace. Xun Yan gave the order: "At the cock's crow, harness the horses, fill the wells and level the stoves, and look only to where my horses' heads point!" Luan Yan said: "The orders of Jin have never been like this. My horses' heads want to go east." So he went back. The lower army followed him. The Left Scribe said to Wei Zhuangzi: "Aren't you waiting for Lord Zhonghang?" Zhuangzi said: "The master ordered us to follow the commander. Lord Luan is my commander, and I will follow him. To follow one's commander is the way to treat the master." Boyou said: "My order was truly wrong, but how could regret come in time? It would only leave more for Qin to capture." So he ordered a general withdrawal. The men of Jin called this the campaign of delay.

欒針曰：“此役也，報櫟之敗也。役又無功，晉之恥也。吾有二位於戎路，敢不恥乎？”與士鞅馳秦師，死焉。士鞅反，欒黶謂士匄曰：“餘弟不欲住，而子召之。餘弟死，而子來，是而子殺餘之弟也。弗逐，餘亦將殺之。”士鞅奔秦。

Luan Zhen said: "This campaign was to repay the defeat at Li. The campaign has no merit again, which is a disgrace to Jin. I hold two positions on the war chariot; dare I not be ashamed?" With Shi Yang he galloped toward the Qin army and died there. When Shi Yang returned, Luan Yan said to Shi Gai: "My brother did not want to go, but your son summoned him. My brother died and your son has returned; your son killed my brother. If you do not drive him out, I will kill him myself." Shi Yang fled to Qin.

於是，齊崔杼、宋華閱、仲江會伐秦，不書，惰也。向之會亦如之。衛北宮括不書於向，書於伐秦，攝也。

At that time Cui Zhu of Qi, Hua Yue and Zhong Jiang of Song joined in attacking Qin; the Spring and Autumn Annals does not record this because of their slackness. The meeting at Xiang was likewise. Bei Gong Kuo of Wei is not recorded at Xiang but is recorded in the attack on Qin, because it was supplied later.

秦伯問於士鞅曰：“晉大夫其誰先亡？”對曰：“其欒氏乎！”秦伯曰：“以其汰乎？”對曰：“然。欒黶汰虐已甚，猶可以免。其在盈乎！”秦伯曰：“何故？”對曰：“武子之德在民，如周人之思召公焉，愛其甘棠，況其子乎？欒黶死，盈之善未能及人，武子所施沒矣，而黶之怨實章，將於是乎在。”秦伯以為知言，為之請於晉而復之。

The Earl of Qin asked Shi Yang: "Which of the grandees of Jin will perish first?" He replied: "Probably the Luan clan!" The Earl of Qin said: "Because of their arrogance and extravagance?" He replied: "Yes. Luan Yan's arrogance, extravagance and cruelty are already excessive, yet he may still escape. It will probably be at Ying!" The Earl of Qin said: "For what reason?" He replied: "The virtue of Wuzi is in the hearts of the people, as the people of Zhou remember Duke Shao and love his sweet pear tree, how much more his son? With Luan Yan dead, Ying's goodness cannot yet reach people, what Wuzi bestowed is already gone, and the resentment against Yan is truly evident, so it will fall here." The Earl of Qin considered these words perceptive, and requested of Jin on his behalf and let him return.

衛獻公戒孫文子、甯惠子食，皆服而朝。日旰不召，而射鴻於囿。二子從之，不釋皮冠而與之言。二子怒。孫文子如戚，孫蒯入使。公飲之酒，使大師歌《巧言》之卒章。大師辭，師曹請為之。初，公有嬖妾，使師曹誨之琴，師曹鞭之。

Duke Xian of Wei arranged to dine with Sun Wenzi and Ning Huizi, and both put on court dress and went to court. It was late and he still had not summoned them, but was in the park shooting wild geese. The two followed him there, and he spoke with them without taking off his leather cap. The two were angry. Sun Wenzi went to Qi, and Sun Kuai went to court as envoy. The Duke gave him wine to drink and had the Grand Music Master sing the last stanza of "Clever Words." The Grand Music Master declined, and the music master Cao asked to do it. Earlier, the Duke had a favored concubine and had Shi Cao teach her the zither, but Shi Cao whipped her.

公怒，鞭師曹三百。故師曹欲歌之，以怒孫子以報公。公使歌之，遂誦之。

The Duke was angry and whipped Shi Cao three hundred times. So Shi Cao wanted to sing it in order to enrage Sun Zi into taking revenge on the Duke. The Duke told him to sing, and so he recited it.

蒯懼，告文子。文子曰：“君忌我矣，弗先。必死。”並帑於戚而入，見蘧伯玉曰：“君之暴虐，子所知也。大懼社稷之傾覆，將若之何？”對曰：“君制其國，臣敢奸之？雖奸之，庸如愈乎？”遂行，從近關出。公使子蟜、子伯、子皮與孫子盟於丘宮，孫子皆殺之。四月己未，子展奔齊。公如鄄，使子行於孫子，孫子又殺之。公出奔齊，孫氏追之，敗公徒於河澤。鄄人執之。

Kuai was frightened and told Wenzi. Wenzi said: "His lordship hates me, and if I do not strike first I will surely die." He moved his household to Qi and then came in, and saw Qu Boyu and said: "You know the Duke's cruelty. I greatly fear the altars of the state will be overturned; what shall be done?" He replied: "The ruler governs his state, and does your servant dare to offend him? Even if I did offend him, would it be any better?" So he left by the nearest pass. The Duke sent Zi Jiao, Zi Bo and Zi Pi to make a covenant with Sun Zi at Qiugong, and Sun Zi killed them all. In the fourth month, on jiwei, Zi Zhan fled to Qi. The Duke went to Juan and sent Zi Xing to Sun Zi, and Sun Zi killed him too. The Duke fled to Qi, and the Sun clan pursued and defeated the Duke's followers at Hezhe. The men of Juan seized them.

初，尹公佗學射於庚公差，庚公差學射於公孫丁。二子追公，公孫丁御公。

Earlier, Yin Gongtuo had learned archery from Gengong Chai, and Gengong Chai had learned archery from Gongsun Ding. The two pursued the Duke, and Gongsun Ding drove the chariot for the Duke.

子魚曰：“射為背師，不射為戮，射為禮乎。”射兩軥而還。尹公佗曰：“子為師，我則遠矣。”乃反之。公孫丁授公轡而射之，貫臂。

Zi Yu said: "To shoot is to betray one's teacher, and not to shoot is to be killed; is shooting in accord with ritual?" He shot and hit both yokes of the carriage and then returned. Yin Gongtuo said: "You are the teacher, and I am further removed." So he turned back. Gongsun Ding handed the reins to the Duke and then shot at him, piercing his arm.

子鮮從公，及竟，公使祝宗告亡，且告無罪。定姜曰：“無神何告？若有，不可誣也。有罪，若何告無？舍大臣而與小臣謀，一罪也。先君有冢卿以為師保，而蔑之，二罪也。餘以巾櫛事先君，而暴妾使餘，三罪也。告亡而已，無告無罪。”

Zi Xian followed the Duke, and when they reached the border the Duke had the invocator announce the flight and also announce that he was without guilt. Dingjiang said: "If there are no spirits, to whom do you announce? If there are, they cannot be deceived. If you have guilt, how can you announce that you do not? You abandoned the great ministers and plotted with petty ones: that is the first offense. The former ruler had chief ministers as tutors and guardians, yet you despised them: that is the second offense. I served the former ruler with towel and comb, yet you treated me as a cruel concubine and ordered me about: that is the third offense. Announce the flight and that is enough; do not announce that you are without guilt."

公使厚成叔吊於衛，曰：“寡君使瘠，聞君不撫社稷，而越在他竟，若之何不弔？以同盟之故，使瘠敢私於執事曰：‘有君不弔，有臣不敏，君不赦宥，臣亦不帥職，增淫發洩，其若之何？’”衛人使大叔儀對曰：“群臣不佞，得罪於寡君。寡君不以即刑而悼棄之，以為君憂。君不忘先君之好，辱吊群臣，又重恤之。敢拜君命之辱，重拜大貺。”厚孫歸，覆命，語臧武仲曰：“衛君其必歸乎！有大叔儀以守，有母弟鱄以出，或撫其內，或營其外，能無歸乎？”齊人以郲寄衛侯。及其復也，以郲糧歸。右宰谷從而逃歸，衛人將殺之。

Duke Xiang sent Hou Chengshu to Wei to offer condolence, saying: "Our ruler sends Ji to come; hearing that Your Lordship cannot keep the altars of the state and is far away in another state's territory, how could we not offer condolence? Because of our alliance, Ji dares to say privately to those in charge: 'There is a ruler who is not good at condolence, and a minister who is not quick of mind; if the ruler does not forgive and pardon, and the ministers do not do their duty, and long-accumulated evil bursts forth, what is to be done?'" The men of Wei sent Da Shu Yi to reply: "Your servants are without talent and have offended our ruler. Our ruler did not hand them over to punishment but cast them far away, which has become a worry to Your Lordship. Your Lordship has not forgotten the friendship with the former ruler and has condescended to offer condolence to your servants and further shown solicitude. We dare to bow in thanks for your condescension in coming and again bow for the great gift." Hou Sun returned to report and said to Zang Wuzhong: "The ruler of Wei will probably be able to return! With Da Shu Yi holding the state within and his brother by the same mother, Zhuan, following him abroad, with one soothing the interior and one managing the exterior, how can he not return?" The men of Qi gave Lai to the Marquis of Wei. When he returned, he went back carrying the grain of Lai. Gu, the Right Steward, followed him but fled back, and the men of Wei were about to kill him.

辭曰：“餘不說初矣，餘狐裘而羔袖。”乃赦之。衛人立公孫剽，孫林父、寧殖相之，以聽命於諸侯。

He excused himself, saying: "At first I was not pleased; I was a fox fur coat with lambskin sleeves." So he was pardoned. The men of Wei set up Gongsun Piao, with Sun Linfu and Ning Zhi assisting him, to receive the lords' commands.

衛侯在郲，臧紇如齊，唁衛侯。與之言，虐。退而告其人曰：“衛侯其不得入矣！其言糞土也，亡而不變，何以復國？”子展、子鮮聞之，見臧紇，與之言，道。臧孫說，謂其人曰：“衛君必入。夫二子者，或輓之，或推之，欲無入，得乎？”師歸自伐秦，晉侯舍新軍，禮也。成國不過半天子之軍，周為六軍，諸侯之大者，三軍可也。於是知朔生盈而死，盈生六年而武子卒，彘裘亦幼，皆未可立也。新軍無帥，故舍之。

When the Marquis of Wei was at Lai, Zang He went to Qi and condoled with the Marquis of Wei. He spoke with him, and the Marquis was cruel in his words. He withdrew and told his men: "The Marquis of Wei will probably not be able to return! His words are like dung, and in flight he does not change; how can he recover his state?" Zi Zhan and Zi Xian heard of this and met Zang He and spoke with him, and their words accorded with principle. Zang Sun was pleased and said to his men: "The ruler of Wei will surely return. Those two men, one pulling and one pushing, if they wanted him not to return, could they succeed?" When the army returned from attacking Qin, the Marquis of Jin disbanded the new army, which accorded with ritual. A great state does not exceed half the army of the Son of Heaven; Zhou has six armies, and among the lords the greatest needs only three. At that time Zhi Shuo had died after Ying was born, Ying was born and Wuzi died six years later, and Zhiqiu was also young, so none of them could be installed. The new army had no commander, and so it was disbanded.

師曠侍於晉侯。晉侯曰：“衛人出其君，不亦甚乎？”對曰：“或者其君實甚。良君將賞善而刑淫，養民如子，蓋之如天，容之如地。民奉其君，愛之如父母，仰之如日月，敬之如神明，畏之如雷霆，其可出乎？夫君，神之主而民之望也。若困民之主，匱神乏祀，百姓絕望，社稷無主，將安用之？弗去何為？天生民而立之君，使司牧之，勿使失性。有君而為之貳，使師保之，勿使過度。是故天子有公，諸侯有卿，卿置側室，大夫有貳宗，士有朋友，庶人、工、商、皂、隸、牧、圉皆有親暱，以相輔佐也。善則賞之，過則匡之，患則救之，失則革之。

Music Master Kuang was in attendance beside the Marquis of Jin. The Marquis of Jin said: "The men of Wei drove out their ruler; is that not going too far?" He replied: "Perhaps their ruler had truly gone too far. A good ruler rewards the good and punishes the wicked, nurtures the people like children, covers them like heaven and bears them like earth. The people serve their ruler, loving him like a parent, looking up to him like the sun and moon, revering him like a spirit and fearing him like thunder; could they drive him out? The ruler is the chief officiant of the spirits and the hope of the people. If he strangles the people's livelihood, leaves the spirits without sacrifice, makes the people despair and the altars of the state without a master, what use is he? What is the point of not removing him? Heaven gave birth to the people and set up rulers to govern and shepherd them, so that they do not lose their nature. Having a ruler, Heaven also set up assistants for him, tutors and guardians to instruct him, so that he does not go too far. Therefore the Son of Heaven has dukes, the lords have ministers, the ministers have collateral households, grandees have secondary clan heads, officers have friends, and commoners, artisans, merchants, grooms, servants, herdsmen and stable hands all have close companions, to assist one another. If there is goodness they reward it, if there is fault they correct it, if there is trouble they rescue, and if there is error they amend it.

自王以下，各有父兄子弟，以補察其政。史為書，瞽為詩，工誦箴諫，大夫規誨，士傳言，庶人謗，商旅於市，百工獻藝。故《夏書》曰：‘遒人以木鐸徇於路。

From the Son of Heaven downward, each has fathers, elder brothers, sons and younger brothers to supplement and examine his government. Historians record, the blind compose odes, musicians recite admonitions, grandees give counsel, officers pass on words, commoners criticize, merchants and travelers speak in the market, and the hundred artisans present their crafts. Therefore the Book of Xia says: 'The herald goes along the roads with a wooden bell.

官師相規，工執藝事以諫。’正月孟春，於是乎有之，諫失常也。天之愛民甚矣。

Officials and masters correct one another, and artisans present remonstrance with their works of skill.' In the first month, the first month of spring, there is this practice, because remonstrance had gone astray. Heaven loves the people very deeply.

豈其使一人肆於民上，以從其淫，而棄天地之性？必不然矣。”

How could it let a single man act wantonly over the people, indulging his lusts and casting away the nature of Heaven and earth? Surely not."

秋，楚子為庸浦之役故，子囊師於棠以伐吳，吳不出而還。子囊殿，以吳為不能而弗儆。吳人自皋舟之隘要而擊之，楚人不能相救。吳人敗之，獲楚公子宜谷。

In autumn, the Viscount of Chu, because of the battle of Yongpu, had Zi Nang camp at Tanglai to attack Wu; when Wu did not send out troops, he went back. Zi Nang commanded the rear, thinking Wu could not do anything and so was not on guard. The men of Wu intercepted him at the narrow pass of Gaozhou, and the men of Chu could not rescue one another. The men of Wu defeated them and captured Prince Yigu of Chu.

王使劉定公賜齊侯命，曰：“昔伯舅大公，右我先王，股肱周室，師保萬民，世胙大師，以表東海。王室之不壞，繄伯舅是賴。今餘命女環！茲率舅氏之典，纂乃祖考，無忝乃舊。敬之哉，無廢朕命！”晉侯問衛故於中行獻子，對曰：“不如因而定之。衛有君矣，伐之，未可以得志而勤諸侯。史佚有言曰：‘因重而撫之。’仲虺有言曰：‘亡者侮之，亂者取之，推亡固存，國之道也。’君其定衛以待時乎！”冬，會於戚，謀定衛也。

The Son of Heaven sent Liu Dinggong to give the Marquis of Qi a written decree, saying: "Formerly my uncle Taigong assisted our former kings and was the right and left arm of the house of Zhou, tutor and guardian of the myriad people; his descendants have been rewarded generation after generation with the post of Grand Master, to be a model for the Eastern Sea. That the royal house has not been ruined is due to my uncle. Now I command you, Huan! So follow the statutes of your maternal uncle, continue your ancestors and father, and do not disgrace your former virtue. Be reverent, and do not neglect my command!" The Marquis of Jin asked Zhonghang Xianzi about the affairs of Wei, and he replied: "It is best to follow the situation and settle it. Wei already has a ruler; attacking it may not achieve our aim yet will weary the lords. Shi Yi had a saying: 'Soothe according to what is weighty.' Zhong Hui had a saying: 'Insult the perishing, seize the disordered; to push the perishing forward and strengthen the surviving is the principle of states.' Your Majesty would do better to settle Wei and wait for the opportunity!" In winter, they met at Qi to plan the settlement of Wei.

範宣子假羽毛於齊而弗歸，齊人始貳。

Fan Xuanzi borrowed feathers from Qi and did not return them, and the men of Qi began to have divided hearts.

楚子囊還自伐吳，卒。將死，遺言謂子庚：“必城郢。”君子謂：“子囊忠。

Zi Nang of Chu died after returning from the campaign against Wu. As he was dying, he left a message for Zi Geng: "You must build the wall of Ying." The gentleman said: "Zi Nang was loyal.

君薨不忘增其名，將死不忘衛社稷，可不謂忠乎？忠，民之望也。《詩》曰：‘行歸於周，萬民所望。’忠也。”

When the ruler died he did not forget to add to his name, and when he was dying he did not forget to protect the altars of the state; can this not be called loyalty? Loyalty is what the people look up to. The Odes say: 'Conduct returns to loyalty and good faith, and the myriad people look up to it.' That is loyalty."

【經】十有五年春，宋公使向戌來聘。二月己亥，及向戌盟於劉。劉夏逆王后於齊。夏，齊侯伐我北鄙，圍成。公救成，至遇。季孫宿、叔孫豹帥師城成郛。

[Classic] In the fifteenth year, in spring, the Duke of Song sent Xiang Xu on a diplomatic visit. In the second month, on jihai, a covenant was made with Xiang Xu at Liu. Liu Xia went to Qi to welcome the queen. In summer, the Marquis of Qi attacked our northern border and besieged Cheng. Duke Xiang relieved Cheng and reached Yu. Ji Sunsu and Shu Sun Bao led an army to build the outer wall of Cheng.

秋八月丁巳，日有食之。邾人伐我南鄙。冬十有一月癸亥，晉侯周卒。

In autumn, in the eighth month, on dingsi, there was an eclipse of the sun. The men of Zhu raided our southern border. In winter, in the eleventh month, on guihai, Zhou, Marquis of Jin, died.

【傳】十五年春，宋向戌來聘，且尋盟。見孟獻子，尤其室，曰：“子有令聞，而美其室，非所望也！”對曰：“我在晉，吾兄為之，毀之重勞，且不敢間。”

[Commentary] In the fifteenth year, in spring, Xiang Xu of Song came on a diplomatic visit and renewed the covenant. He saw Meng Xianzi and rebuked him about his house, saying: "You have a fine name, yet you made your house magnificent; this is not what was hoped for!" He replied: "When I was in Jin, my elder brother had it built; to tear it down would add to the labor, and I also dare not criticize it."

官師從單靖公逆王后於齊。卿不行，非禮也。

The officials and masters followed Duke Jing of Shan to Qi to welcome the queen. The ministers did not go, which was not in accord with ritual.

楚公子午為令尹，公子罷戎為右尹，蒍子馮為大司馬，公子櫜師為右司馬，公子成為左司馬，屈到為莫敖，公子追舒為箴尹，屈蕩為連尹，養由基為宮廄尹，以靖國人。君子謂：“楚於是乎能官人。官人，國之急也。能官人，則民無覦心。

Prince Wu of Chu became chief minister, Prince Pirong became right minister, Wei Zifeng became Grand Minister of War, Prince Gaoshi became right Minister of War, Prince Cheng became left Minister of War, Qu Dao became Mo'ao, Prince Zhuishu became Zhenyin, Qu Dang became Lianyin, and Yang Youji became Master of the Palace Stables, to settle the people of the state. The gentleman said: "In this period Chu could appoint officials. Appointing officials is the urgent business of a state. When officials can be appointed, the people have no improper ambitions.

《詩》云：“嗟我懷人，置彼周行。’能官人也。王及公、侯、伯、子、男、甸、採、衛大夫，各居其列，所謂周行也。”

The Odes say: 'Alas, those I think of are set among the ranks of Zhou.' This means being able to appoint officials. The Son of Heaven, and the dukes, marquises, earls, viscounts, barons, and the grandees of the Dian, Cai and Wei domains, each take their place in the ranks; this is what is meant by the ranks of Zhou."

鄭尉氏、司氏之亂，其餘盜在宋。鄭人以子西、伯有、子產之故，納賄於宋，以馬四十乘與師伐、師慧。三月，公孫黑為質焉。司城子罕以堵女父、尉翩、司齊與之。良司臣而逸之，托諸季武子，武子置諸卞。鄭人醢之，三人也。

The disorders of the Yu clan and Si clan in Zheng left remaining bandits in Song. Because of Zi Xi, Boyou and Zichan, the men of Zheng bribed Song, giving forty four-horse teams together with Shi Fa and Shi Hui. (The base text writes Shi Fa for Shi Fa of a variant form.) In the third month, Gongsun Hei was a hostage there. Sicheng Zihan handed over Du Nufu, Yu Pian and Si Qi to them. Thinking Si Chen was good, he let him go and entrusted him to Ji Wuzi, who settled him at Bian. The men of Zheng made the three men into minced meat.

師慧過宋朝，將私焉。其相曰：“朝也。”慧曰：“無人焉。”相曰：“朝也，何故無人？”慧曰：“必無人焉。若猶有人，豈其以千乘之相易淫樂之矇？必無人焉故也。”子罕聞之，固請而歸之。

Shi Hui passed through the court of Song and was about to urinate. His guide said: "This is the court." Hui said: "There is no one here." The guide said: "It is the court; how can there be no one?" Hui said: "There must be no one. If there were someone, would they exchange the chancellor of a state of a thousand chariots for a blind musician fond of licentious pleasures? It must be because there is no one." Zihan heard of it and insisted on asking for him and let him return.

夏，齊侯圍成，貳於晉故也。於是乎城成郛。

In summer, the Marquis of Qi besieged Cheng, because of his divided heart toward Jin. So the outer wall of Cheng was built.

秋，邾人伐我南鄙。使告於晉，晉將為會以討邾、莒。晉侯有疾，乃止。冬，晉悼公卒，遂不克會。

In autumn, the men of Zhu raided our southern border. We sent word to Jin, and Jin was about to hold a meeting to punish Zhu and Ju. The Marquis of Jin was ill, so it was dropped. In winter, Duke Dao of Jin died, and in the end the meeting could not be held.

鄭公孫夏如晉奔喪，子蟜送葬。

Gongsun Xia of Zheng went to Jin for the funeral, and Zi Jiao escorted the burial.

宋人或得玉，獻諸子罕。子罕弗受。獻玉者曰：“以示玉人，玉人以為寶也，故敢獻之。”子罕曰：“我以不貪為寶，爾以玉為寶，若以與我，皆喪寶也。不若人有其寶。”稽首而告曰：“小人懷璧，不可以越鄉。納此以請死也。”子罕置諸其裡，使玉人為之攻之，富而後使復其所。

A man of Song obtained a piece of jade and offered it to Zihan. Zihan did not accept it. The one who offered the jade said: "I showed it to a jade worker, and the jade worker considered it a treasure, so I dare to offer it." Zihan said: "I regard not being greedy as my treasure, and you regard the jade as your treasure; if you gave it to me, both of us would lose our treasures. It is better for each to keep his own treasure." The man bowed his head to the ground and said: "A small man who carries a jade disc cannot pass beyond his village. I submit this to ask to be spared from death." Zihan settled him in his own lane, had a jade worker work it for him, and after he became rich let him return to his former place.

十二月，鄭人奪堵狗之妻，而歸諸范氏。

In the twelfth month, the men of Zheng took away the wife of Du Gou and returned her to the Fan clan.

【經】十有六年春王正月，葬晉悼公。三月，公會晉侯、宋公、衛侯、鄭伯、曹伯、莒子、邾子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子，於湨梁。戊寅，大夫盟。晉人執莒子、邾子以歸。齊侯伐我北鄙。夏，公至自會。五月甲子，地震。叔老會鄭伯、晉荀偃、衛寧殖、宋人伐許。秋，齊侯伐我北鄙，圍郕。大雩。冬，叔孫豹如晉。

[Classic] In the sixteenth year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou king's calendar, Duke Dao of Jin was buried. In the third month, Duke Xiang met with the Marquis of Jin, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Wei, the Earl of Zheng, the Earl of Cao, the Viscount of Ju, the Viscount of Zhu, the Earl of Xue, the Earl of Qi and the Viscount of Little Zhu at Jueliang. On wuyin, the grandees made a covenant. The men of Jin seized the Viscount of Ju and the Viscount of Zhu and took them back. The Marquis of Qi raided our northern border. In summer, Duke Xiang returned from the meeting. In the fifth month, on jiazi, there was an earthquake. Shu Lao, with the Earl of Zheng, Xun Yan of Jin, Ning Zhi of Wei and the men of Song, attacked Xu. In autumn, the Marquis of Qi raided our northern border and besieged Cheng. A great rain sacrifice was held. In winter, Shu Sun Bao went to Jin.

【傳】十六年春，葬晉悼公。平公即位，羊舌肸為傅，張君臣為中軍司馬，祁奚、韓襄、欒盈、士鞅為公族大夫，虞丘書為乘馬御。改服修官，烝於曲沃。

[Commentary] In the sixteenth year, in spring, Duke Dao of Jin was buried. Duke Ping took the throne, Yangshe Xi became Grand Tutor, Zhang Junchen became Minister of War of the central army, Qi Xi, Han Xiang, Luan Ying and Shi Yang became grandees of the ducal clan, and Yuqiu Shu became master of the stud. They changed the mourning dress, set the offices in order, and held the winter sacrifice at Quwo.

警守而下，會於湨梁。命歸侵田。以我故，執邾宣公、莒犁比公，且曰：“通齊、楚之使。”

After guarding and preparing, they went east and met at Jueliang. They ordered the return of seized fields. Because of our state, they seized Duke Xuan of Zhu and Duke Libi of Ju, and said: "They were in contact with the envoys of Qi and Chu."

晉侯與諸侯宴於溫，使諸大夫舞，曰：“歌詩必類！”齊高厚之詩不類。荀偃怒，且曰：“諸侯有異志矣！”使諸大夫盟高厚，高厚逃歸。於是，叔孫豹、晉荀偃、宋向戌、衛寧殖、鄭公孫蠆、小邾之大夫盟曰：“同討不庭。”

The Marquis of Jin feasted with the lords at Wen and had the grandees dance, saying: "When singing odes, they must match the kind!" The ode of Gao Hou of Qi did not match the kind. Xun Yan was angry and said: "The lords have a different intention!" He had the grandees make a covenant against Gao Hou, and Gao Hou fled home. At that time Shu Sun Bao, Xun Yan of Jin, Xiang Xu of Song, Ning Zhi of Wei, Gongsun Chai of Zheng and the grandee of Little Zhu made a covenant, saying: "We shall jointly punish those who do not come to court."

許男請遷於晉。諸侯遂遷許，許大夫不可。晉人歸諸侯。

The Baron of Xu asked to move to Jin. The lords then moved Xu, but the grandees of Xu did not agree. The men of Jin let the lords return.

鄭子蟜聞將伐許，遂相鄭伯以從諸侯之師。穆叔從公。齊子帥師會晉荀偃。

Zi Jiao of Zheng, hearing that Xu was to be attacked, then assisted the Earl of Zheng in following the armies of the lords. Mu Shu followed Duke Xiang. Qi Zi led an army to join Xun Yan of Jin.

書曰：“會鄭伯。”為夷故也。

The Spring and Autumn Annals records "met with the Earl of Zheng," because they were of equal rank.

夏六月，次於棫林。庚寅，伐許，次於函氏。

In summer, in the sixth month, they camped at Yulin. On gengyin, they attacked Xu and camped at Hanshi.

晉荀偃、欒黶帥師伐楚，以報宋揚梁之役。楚公子格帥師及晉師戰於湛阪，楚師敗績。晉師遂侵方城之外，復伐許而還。

Xun Yan and Luan Yan of Jin led armies to attack Chu, to repay the battle of Yangliang at Song. Prince Ge of Chu led an army to fight the Jin army at Zhanban, and the Chu army was badly defeated. The Jin army then raided beyond Fangcheng, attacked Xu once more, and went back.

秋，齊侯圍郕，孟孺子速徼之。齊侯曰：“是好勇，去之以為之名。”速遂塞海陘而還。

In autumn, the Marquis of Qi besieged Cheng, and Meng Ruzi Su intercepted him. The Marquis of Qi said: "This man loves valor; let him go and so complete his fame." Su then blocked the Haixing pass and returned.

冬，穆叔如晉聘，且言齊故。晉人曰：“以寡君之未禘祀，與民之未息。不然，不敢忘。”穆叔曰：“以齊人之朝夕釋憾於敝邑之地，是以大請！敝邑之急，朝不及夕，引領西望曰：‘庶幾乎！’比執事之間，恐無及也！”見中行獻子，賦《圻父》。獻子曰：“偃知罪矣！敢不從執事以同恤社稷，而使魯及此。”見範宣子，賦《鴻雁》之卒章。宣子曰：“匄在此，敢使魯無鳩乎？”

In winter, Mu Shu went to Jin on a diplomatic visit and also spoke about the affairs of Qi. The men of Jin said: "Because our ruler has not yet held the great ancestral sacrifice, and the people have not yet rested. Otherwise, we would not dare to forget." Mu Shu said: "Because the men of Qi vent their resentment on our humble state's land morning and evening, we ask so earnestly! The emergency of our humble state cannot wait from morning to evening, and we stretch our necks looking west, saying: 'It should be nearly time!' If we wait until you in charge have leisure, I fear it will be too late!" He saw Zhonghang Xianzi and recited the ode "Qi Fu." Xianzi said: "Yan knows his fault! How dare I not share with you in charge the care for the altars of the state, and yet let Lu come to this." He saw Fan Xuanzi and recited the last stanza of "The Wild Geese." Xuanzi said: "With Gai here, how would I dare let Lu be uneasy?"

【經】十有七年春王二月庚午，邾子卒。宋人伐陳。夏，衛石買帥師伐曹。

[Classic] In the seventeenth year, in spring, in the second month of the Zhou king's calendar, on gengwu, the Viscount of Zhu died. The men of Song attacked Chen. In summer, Shi Mai of Wei led an army to attack Cao.

秋，齊侯伐我北鄙，圍桃。高厚帥師伐我北鄙，圍防。九月，大雩。宋華臣出奔陳。冬，邾人伐我南鄙。

In autumn, the Marquis of Qi raided our northern border and besieged Tao. Gao Hou led an army to raid our northern border and besieged Fang. In the ninth month, a great rain sacrifice was held. Hua Chen of Song fled to Chen. In winter, the men of Zhu raided our southern border.

【傳】十七年春，宋莊朝伐陳，獲司徒卬，卑宋也。

[Commentary] In the seventeenth year, in spring, Zhuang Chao of Song attacked Chen and captured Situ Ang, which was to look down on Song.

衛孫蒯田於曹隧，飲馬於重丘，毀其瓶。重丘人閉門而訽之，曰：“親逐而君，爾父為厲。是之不憂，而何以田為？”夏，衛石買、孫蒯伐曹，取重丘。曹人愬於晉。

Sun Kuai of Wei hunted at Caosui and watered his horses at Zhongqiu, breaking the jars. The people of Zhongqiu shut the gate and cursed him, saying: "You personally drove out your ruler, and your father has become an evil ghost. You are not worried about this, so why are you hunting?" In summer, Shi Mai and Sun Kuai of Wei attacked Cao and took Zhongqiu. The men of Cao complained to Jin.

齊人以其未得志於我故，秋，齊侯伐我北鄙，圍桃。高厚圍臧紇於防。師自陽關逆臧孫，至於旅松。郰叔紇、臧疇、臧賈帥甲三百，宵犯齊師，送之而復。

The men of Qi, because they had not been able to achieve their aim in our state, in autumn the Marquis of Qi raided our northern border and besieged Tao. Gao Hou besieged Zang He at Fang. The army met Zang Sun at Yangguan and reached Lüsong. Zhou Shu He, Zang Chou and Zang Jia led three hundred armored men to attack the Qi army at night, sent him off and then came back.

齊師去之。

The Qi army left.