Duke Zhao (First to Thirty-second Year)

【傳】十四年春，西狩於大野，叔孫氏之車子鉏商獲麟，以為不祥，以賜虞人。仲尼觀之，曰：“麟也。”然後取之。

[Commentary] In the fourteenth year, in spring, a hunt was held west of Daye, and Chu Shang, a chariot officer of the Shu Sun clan, captured a qilin, considered it ill-omened, and gave it to the forester. Zhongni looked at it and said: "It is a lin." Only then did they take it back.

小邾射以句繹來奔，曰：“使季路要我，吾無盟矣。”使子路，子路辭。季康子使冉有謂之曰：“千乘之國，不信其盟，而信子之言，子何辱焉？”對曰：“魯有事於小邾，不敢問故，死其城下可也。彼不臣而濟其言，是義之也。由弗能。”

She of Xiao Zhu came over with Juyi, saying: "Let Jilu make an agreement with me, and I will not need a covenant." They sent Zilu, but Zilu declined. Ji Kangzi sent Ran You to say to him: "A state of a thousand chariots does not trust its covenant but trusts your word; what humiliation is there for you?" He answered: "If Lu has a war with Xiao Zhu, I would not dare ask the reason, and could die beneath its walls. But he does not keep the way of a subject and yet wants his words to be honored, treating his conduct as righteous. You cannot do this."

齊簡公之在魯也，闞止有寵焉。及即位，使為政。陳成子憚之，驟顧諸朝。

When Duke Jian of Qi was in Lu, Kan Zhi was in his favor. When he took the throne, he gave him the government. Chen Chengzi feared him and looked back repeatedly in court.

諸御鞅言於公曰：“陳、闞不可並也，君其擇焉。”弗聽。子我夕，陳逆殺人，逢之，遂執以入。陳氏方睦，使疾，而遺之潘沐，備酒肉焉，饗守囚者，醉而殺之，而逃。子我盟諸陳於陳宗。

Zhu Yu Yang said to the Marquis of Qi: "Chen and Kan cannot stand side by side; my lord should choose." He did not listen. Zi Wo went to court in the evening, and Chen Ni, who had killed a man, met him, so he seized him and took him in. The Chen clan were in harmony and had him feign illness, sent him rice-washing water to wash his hair, prepared wine and meat, and invited the guards to eat and drink, and after making them drunk killed them and escaped. Zi Wo made a covenant with the Chen clan at the Chen ancestral hall.

初，陳豹欲為子我臣，使公孫言己，已有喪而止。既，而言之，曰：“有陳豹者，長而上僂，望視，事君子必得志，欲為子臣。吾憚其為人也，故緩以告。”

Earlier, Chen Bao wished to become a retainer of Zi Wo and had Gongsun introduce him, but stopped because of a death in the family. Later he spoke again and said: "There is a Chen Bao, tall and hunchbacked, who looks upward; one who serves a gentleman will surely succeed, and he wishes to be your subject. I fear his character, so I tell you late."

子我曰：“何害？是其在我也。”使為臣。他日，與之言政，說，遂有寵，謂之曰：“我盡逐陳氏，而立女，若何？”對曰：“我遠於陳氏矣。且其違者，不過數人，何盡逐焉？”遂告陳氏。子行曰：“彼得君，弗先，必禍子。”子行舍於公宮。

Zi Wo said: "What harm is there? It depends on me." He made him a retainer. Later he talked with him about government and liked him, and so he became favored, and he said to him: "I will drive out all the Chen clan and install you; how would that be?" He answered: "I am already far from the Chen clan. Moreover those who oppose you are only a few; why must all be driven out?" Then he told the Chen clan. Zi Xing said: "He has gained the ruler, and if we do not strike first, he will surely harm you." Zi Xing lived in the ducal palace.

夏五月壬申，成子兄弟四乘如公。子我在幄，出，逆之。遂入，閉門。侍人御之，子行殺侍人。公與婦人飲酒於檀臺，成子遷諸寢。公執戈，將擊之。大史子餘曰：“非不利也，將除害也。”成子出舍於庫，聞公猶怒，將出，曰：“何所無君？”子行抽劍，曰：“需，事之賊也。誰非陳宗？所不殺子者，有如陳宗！”乃止。子我歸，屬徒，攻闈與大門，皆不勝，乃出。陳氏追之，失道於弇中，適豐丘。豐丘人執之，以告，殺諸郭關。成子將殺大陸子方，陳逆請而免之。以公命取車於道，及耏，眾知而東之。出雍門，陳豹與之車，弗受，曰：“逆為餘請，豹與余車，餘有私焉。事子我而有私於其仇，何以見魯、衛之士？”東郭賈奔衛。

In summer, on the day renshen of the fifth month, Chengzi and his three brothers rode in chariots to the Marquis of Qi's place. Zi Wo was in the tent and came out to receive them. Then they entered and shut the door. The attendants resisted, and Zi Xing killed the attendants. The Marquis of Qi was drinking with women on the Tan terrace, and Chengzi moved him to the inner palace. The Marquis of Qi took a spear and was about to strike. Grand Scribe Ziyu said: "It is not to harm you, but to remove a danger." Chengzi went out and stayed in the storehouse, and hearing that the Marquis of Qi was still angry, was about to leave, saying: "Where is there no ruler?" Zi Xing drew his sword and said: "Hesitation is the thief of affairs. Who is not of the Chen clan? If I do not kill you, let the Chen ancestors be my witness!" So he stopped. Zi Wo returned, gathered his followers, and attacked the small gate and the great gate of the palace wall, but could not win, and so fled. The Chen clan pursued him; he lost his way in Yanzhong and reached Fengqiu. The people of Fengqiu seized him and reported it, and he was killed at Guoguan. Chengzi was about to kill Dalu Zifang, but Chen Ni asked that he be spared. He took a chariot on the road by the ruler's command and reached Er, and the people there, knowing, let him go east. After he left Yongmen, Chen Bao gave him a chariot, but he did not accept it, saying: "Ni interceded for me, and Bao gives me a chariot; I have private ties with them. To serve Zi Wo and yet have private ties with his enemies, with what face would I see the men of Lu and Wei?" Dongguo Jia fled to Wei.

庚辰，陳恆執公於舒州。公曰：“吾早從鞅之言，不及此。”

On the day gengchen, Chen Heng seized the Marquis of Qi at Shuzhou. The Marquis of Qi said: "If I had listened to Yang earlier, it would not have come to this."

宋桓魋之寵害於公，公使夫人驟請享焉，而將討之。未及，魋先謀公，請以鞍易薄，公曰：“不可。薄，宗邑也。”乃益鞍七邑，而請享公焉。以日中為期，家備盡往。公知之，告皇野曰：“餘長魋也，今將禍餘，請即救。”司馬子仲曰：“有臣不順，神之所惡也，而況人乎？敢不承命。不得左師不可，請以君命召之。”

Huan Tui of Song was in favor, to the harm of the Duke of Song, and the Duke of Song had his consort repeatedly ask to be feasted, and was about to attack him. Before he could, Tui first plotted against the Duke of Song, asking to exchange An for Bo. The Duke of Song said: "No. Bo is an ancestral town." So he added seven towns to An and asked to feast the Duke of Song. The date was set at noon, and the household's armed men all went. The Duke of Song learned of it and told Huang Ye: "I raised Tui to adulthood, and now he is about to harm me; please come to the rescue at once." Sima Zizhong said: "A subject who does not obey is hated by the spirits, how much more by men? How dare I not accept the command. We cannot succeed without the Left Master; please summon him by the ruler's order."

左師每食擊鐘。聞鐘聲，公曰：“夫子將食。”既食，又奏。公曰：“可矣。”

The Left Master struck the bell at every meal. Hearing the bell, the Duke of Song said: "The master is about to eat." After he finished, there was music again. The Duke of Song said: "That is enough."

以乘車往，曰：“跡人來告曰：‘逢澤有介麇焉。’公曰：‘雖魋未來，得左師，吾與之田，若何？’君憚告子。野曰：‘嘗私焉。’君欲速，故以乘車逆子。”

He went by chariot, saying: "The tracker came to report: 'There is a lone deer at Fengze.' The duke said: 'Even if Tui has not yet come, I will hunt with the Left Master, how about that?' My ruler fears to tell you directly. Ye said: 'I will go and say it privately.' My ruler wished to be quick, and so sent a chariot to welcome you."

與之乘，至，公告之故，拜，不能起。司馬曰：“君與之言。”公曰：“所難子者，上有天，下有先君。”對曰：“魋之不共，宋之禍也，敢不唯命是聽。”司馬請瑞焉，以命其徒攻桓氏。其父兄故臣曰：“不可。”其新臣曰：“從吾君之命。”遂攻之。子頎騁而告桓司馬。司馬欲入，子車止之，曰：“不能事君，而又伐國，民不與也，只取死焉。”向魋遂入於曹以叛。六月，使左師巢伐之。欲質大夫以入焉，不能。亦入於曹，取質。魋曰：“不可。既不能事君，又得罪於民，將若之何？”乃舍之。民遂叛之。向魋奔衛。向巢來奔，宋公使止之，曰：“寡人與子有言矣，不可以絕向氏之祀。”辭曰：“臣之罪大，盡滅桓氏可也。

He rode in the same chariot with him, and on arrival the Duke of Song told him the reason, and he bowed and could not get up. Sima said: "Speak to him, my lord." The Duke of Song said: "What troubles you has Heaven above and the former rulers below." He answered: "Tui's disrespect is a calamity for Song; how dare I not obey." Sima asked for the tally and ordered his men to attack the Huan clan. His father, brothers, and old retainers said: "No." The new retainers said: "We obey our ruler's command." So they attacked. Zi Qi galloped to tell Huan Sima. Sima wanted to enter the city, but Zi Che stopped him, saying: "You could not serve your ruler and now you attack the capital; the people are not close to you, and you are only seeking death." Xiang Tui then entered Cao and rebelled. In the sixth month, the Left Master Chao was sent to attack him. He wished to take grandees as hostages and then enter the city, but could not. He also entered Cao and took hostages. Tui said: "That is not right. We could not serve our ruler and have offended the people; what will you do?" So he released them. The people then turned against him. Xiang Tui fled to Wei. Xiang Chao came over, and the Duke of Song sent men to stop him, saying: "I have spoken with you; the sacrifices of the Xiang clan must not be cut off." He declined: "My crime is great; wiping out the whole Huan clan would be fitting.

若以先臣之故，而使有後，君之惠也。若臣，則不可以入矣。”

(Xiang Chao continued:) If, because of my late ancestors, you let him have descendants, that would be the ruler's kindness. As for me, I cannot enter again."

司馬牛致其邑與珪焉，而適齊。向魋出於衛地，公文氏攻之，求夏后氏之璜焉。與之他玉，而奔齊，陳成子使為次卿。司馬牛又致其邑焉，而適吳。吳人惡之，而反。趙簡子召之，陳成子亦召之。卒於魯郭門之外，阬氏葬諸丘輿。

Sima Niu handed over his cities and jade tablet and went to Qi. Xiang Tui appeared in Wei territory, and the Gongwen clan attacked him and demanded from him the jade huang of the Xia ruler. He gave other jade and fled to Qi, where Chen Chengzi made him a second minister. Sima Niu again handed over his cities and went to Wu. The people of Wu disliked him, and he returned again. Zhao Jianzi summoned him and Chen Chengzi also summoned him. He died outside the outer gate of Lu, and the Keng clan buried him at Qiuyu.

甲午，齊陳恆弒其君壬於舒州。孔丘三日齊，而請伐齊三。公曰：“魯為齊弱久矣，子之伐之，將若之何？”對曰：“陳恆弒其君，民之不與者半。以魯之眾，加齊之半，可克也。”公曰：“子告季孫。”孔子辭。退而告人曰：“吾以從大夫之後也，故不敢不言。”

On the day jiawu, Chen Heng of Qi assassinated his ruler Ren at Shuzhou. Kong Qiu fasted three days and three times asked to attack Qi. Duke Ai said: "Lu has been weakened by Qi for a long time; if you attack Qi, what will you do?" He answered: "Chen Heng assassinated his ruler, and half the people are not close to him. If we use the multitude of Lu and add half of Qi, we can win." Duke Ai said: "Go tell Ji Sun." Confucius declined. After withdrawing he told people: "I follow in the rear of the grandees, and so I dare not stay silent."

初，孟孺子洩將圉馬於成。成宰公孫宿不受，曰：“孟孫為成之病，不圉馬焉。”孺子怒，襲成。從者不得入，乃反。成有司使，孺子鞭之。秋八月辛丑，孟懿子卒。成人奔喪，弗內。袒免哭於衢，聽共，弗許。懼，不歸。

Earlier, Meng Ruzi Xie was about to keep horses at Cheng. Gongsun Su, steward of Cheng, did not accept, saying: "Meng Sun is not keeping horses here because Cheng is already worn out." Ruzi was angry and attacked Cheng. His followers could not get in and so turned back. When an official of Cheng went on a mission, Ruzi flogged him. In autumn, on the day xinchou of the eighth month, Meng Yizi died. The people of Cheng came to the funeral, but were not allowed in. They bared their shoulders and wept at the crossroads, indicating that they would obey and serve, but were not permitted. Afraid, they did not return.

【經】十有五年春王正月，成叛。夏五月，齊高無出奔北燕。鄭伯伐宋。

[Classic] In the fifteenth year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou king's calendar, Cheng rebelled. In summer, in the fifth month, Gao Wu of Qi fled to Northern Yan. The Earl of Zheng attacked Song.

秋八月，大雩。晉趙鞅帥師伐衛。冬，晉侯伐鄭。及齊平。衛公孟彄出奔齊。

In autumn, in the eighth month, the great rain-sacrifice was held. Zhao Yang of Jin led troops to attack Wei. In winter, the Marquis of Jin attacked Zheng. He made peace with Qi. Gong Meng Kou of Wei fled to Qi.

【傳】十五年春，成叛於齊。武伯伐成，不克，遂城輸。

[Commentary] In the fifteenth year, in spring, Cheng rebelled and attached itself to Qi. Wu Bo attacked Cheng but could not take it, and so built a wall at Shu.

夏，楚子西、子期伐吳，乃桐汭。陳侯使公孫貞子吊焉，及良而卒，將以屍入。吳子使大宰嚭勞，且辭曰：“以水潦之不時，無乃廩然隕大夫之屍，以重寡君之憂。寡君敢辭。”上介芋尹蓋對曰：“寡君聞楚為不道，薦伐吳國，滅厥民人。寡君使蓋備使，吊君之下吏。無祿，使人逢天之戚，大命隕隊，絕世於良，廢日共積，一日遷次。今君命逆使人曰：‘無以屍造於門。’是我寡君之命委於草莽也。且臣聞之曰：‘事死如事生，禮也。’於是乎有朝聘而終，以屍將事之禮。又有朝聘而遭喪之禮。若不以屍將命，是遭喪而還也，無乃不可乎！以禮防民，猶或逾之。今大夫曰：‘死而棄之’，是棄禮也。其何以為諸侯主？先民有言曰：‘無穢虐士。’備使奉屍將命，苟我寡君之命達於君所，雖隕於深淵，則天命也，非君與涉人之過也。”吳人內之。

In summer, Zi Xi and Zi Qi of Chu attacked Wu and reached Tongrui. The Marquis of Chen sent Gongsun Zhenzi to offer condolences, but he died on reaching Liang, and they were about to carry the body into the city. The Viscount of Wu sent Grand Steward Pi to comfort them and also to decline, saying: "Because the rain has not come at its proper time, I fear the body of the grandee may suddenly spoil and add to my ruler's worry. My ruler respectfully declines." The senior deputy, Yu Yin Gai, replied: "My ruler heard that Chu acts without the Way, has repeatedly attacked Wu, and wiped out its people. My ruler sent Gai to serve as envoy to offer condolences to your ruler's subordinates. Unfortunately the envoy met Heaven's sorrow, his great fate fell, and he left this world at Liang; we spent days gathering the burial articles and moved on once each day. Now you order a welcome for the envoy, saying: 'Do not bring the body to the gate.' This casts my ruler's command into the weeds. Moreover I have heard: 'To serve the dead as one serves the living is ritual.' So there is the ritual of one who dies while on a court visit and completes his mission with his body. There is also the ritual of one who meets a death during a court visit. If one does not deliver the mission with the body, and returns on meeting a death, I fear it cannot be. We guard the people with ritual and still some overstep. Now the grandee says: 'He is dead, so abandon him'; this is abandoning ritual. By what right can one then be master of the feudal lords? The ancients had a saying: 'Do not defile the dead.' To serve as envoy and deliver the mission with the body, if our ruler's command reaches your ruler, even if it falls into the deep abyss, that is the decree of Heaven, not the fault of the ruler or of the ferryman." The people of Wu received them.

秋，齊陳瓘如楚。過衛，仲由見之，曰：“天或者以陳氏為斧斤，既斫喪公室，而他人有之，不可知也。其使終饗之，亦不可知也。若善魯以待時，不亦可乎？何必惡焉？”子玉曰：“然，吾受命矣，子使告我弟。”

In autumn, Chen Guan of Qi went to Chu. Passing through Wei, Zhong You went to see him and said: "Heaven may be using the Chen clan as an axe; having already chopped down the ducal house, it may be possessed by someone else, which cannot be known. That he finally has it is also unknown. If you treat Lu well and wait for the moment, would that not do? Why make enemies?" Zi Yu said: "So it is; I accept the advice, and please send someone to tell my brother."

冬，及齊平。子服景伯如齊，子贛為介，見公孫成，曰：“人皆臣人，而有揹人之心。況齊人雖為子役，其有不貳乎？子，周公之孫也，多饗大利，猶思不義。利不可得，而喪宗國，將焉用之？”成曰：“善哉！吾不早聞命。”

In winter, peace was made with Qi. Zifu Jingbo went to Qi, with Zigong as deputy, and met Gongsun Cheng, saying: "All men are others' subjects, yet have a mind to rebel against others. How much more the people of Qi, though they are employed by you, do they not have divided minds? You are a descendant of the Duke of Zhou, enjoy much great benefit, and yet still want to do what is unrighteous. If the benefit cannot be had and you lose your ancestral state, what use will it be?" Cheng said: "Good! I had not heard these words sooner."

陳成子館客，曰：“寡君使恆告曰：‘寡君願事君如事衛君。’”景伯揖子贛而進之。對曰：“寡君之願也。昔晉人伐衛，齊為衛故，伐晉冠氏，喪車五百，因與衛地，自濟以西，禚、媚、杏以南，書社五百。吳人加敝邑以亂，齊因其病，取讙與闡。寡君是以寒心。若得視衛君之事君也，則固所願也。”成子病之，乃歸成。公孫宿以其兵甲入於嬴。

Chen Chengzi arranged for the guests and said: "My ruler sent Heng to tell you: 'My ruler wishes to serve your ruler as he serves the ruler of Wei.'" Jingbo bowed to Zigong and had him step forward. He answered: "That is my ruler's wish. In the past when Jin attacked Wei, Qi, for Wei's sake, attacked Guanshi of Jin and lost five hundred chariots, and therefore gave Wei land west of the Ji, south of Zhuo, Mei, and Xing, five hundred altar-communities. When Wu brought disaster upon our humble town, Qi took advantage of our weariness and seized Huan and Chan. My ruler was chilled in heart by this. If you can serve your ruler as you serve the ruler of Wei, it is certainly our wish." Chengzi felt ashamed and so returned Cheng. Gongsun Su entered Ying with armor and weapons.

衛孔圉取大子蒯聵之姊，生悝。孔氏之豎渾良夫長而美，孔文子卒，通於內。

Kong Yu of Wei married the elder sister of the heir Kuai Kui and had Kui. Hun Liangfu, a page of the Kong clan, was tall and handsome, and after Kong Wenzi died, he had an affair with Kong Ji.

大子在戚，孔姬使之焉。大子與之言曰：“苟使我入獲國，服冕乘軒，三死無與。”

The heir was at Qi, and Kong Ji sent him there. The heir said to him: "If you let me return to the state and obtain it, you will wear the ceremonial cap and ride in a carriage, and three death sentences will not be applied to you."

與之盟，為請於伯姬。

He made a covenant with him and asked Bo Ji on his behalf.

閏月，良夫與大子入，舍於孔氏之外圃。昏，二人蒙衣而乘，寺人羅御，如孔氏。孔氏之老欒寧問之，稱姻妾以告。遂入，適伯姬氏。既食，孔伯姬杖戈而先，大子與五人介，輿豭從之。迫孔悝於廁，強盟之，遂劫以登臺。欒寧將飲酒，炙未熟，聞亂，使告季子。召獲駕乘車，行爵食炙，奉衛侯輒來奔。季子將入，遇子羔將出，曰：“門已閉矣。”季子曰：“吾姑至焉。”子羔曰：“弗及，不踐其難。”季子曰：“食焉，不闢其難。”子羔遂出。子路入，及門，公孫敢門焉，曰：“無入為也。”季子曰：“是公孫，求利焉而逃其難。由不然，利其祿，必救其患。”有使者出，乃入。曰：“大子焉用孔悝？雖殺之，必或繼之。”且曰：“大子無勇，若燔臺，半，必舍孔叔。”大子聞之，懼，下石乞、盂黶敵子路。以戈擊之，斷纓。子路曰：“君子死，冠不免。”結纓而死。孔子聞衛亂，曰：“柴也其來，由也死矣。”孔悝立莊公。莊公害故政，欲盡去之，先謂司徒瞞成曰：“寡人離病於外久矣，子請亦嘗之。”歸告褚師比，欲與之伐公，不果。

In the intercalary month, Liangfu entered with the heir and they stayed in the outer garden of the Kong clan. At dusk the two, with their clothes covering their faces, rode in a carriage, driven by the eunuch Luo, and came to the Kong clan's house. Luan Ning, steward of the Kong clan, asked, and they pretended to be a concubine's relatives reporting. Then they went in and reached Bo Ji. After eating, Kong Bo Ji, holding a spear, went ahead, and the heir, with five men in armor, followed with a boar on a cart. They cornered Kong Kui in the latrine and forced him into a covenant, then seized him and made him climb the terrace. Luan Ning was about to drink, and the roast meat was not yet done, when he heard of the disturbance, and sent someone to report to Jizi. Zhao Huo drove the carriage, drinking and eating roast meat as he went, and escorted the Marquis Zhe of Wei to take refuge elsewhere. Jizi was about to enter the city when he met Zigao going out, who said: "The gate is already shut." Jizi said: "I will go there anyway." Zigao said: "It is too late; do not go tread on the disaster." Jizi said: "One who has eaten his stipend does not avoid his calamity." Zigao then left. Zilu went in and reached the gate, where Gongsun Gan was guarding it and said: "Do not go in; what for?" Jizi said: "This is a Gongsun who seeks profit and evades calamity. You is not like this; one who has profit from his stipend must rescue him from distress." When an envoy came out, he went in. He said: "What use does the heir have for Kong Kui? Even if he is killed, someone will surely take his place." And he said: "The heir has no courage; if we burn the terrace, when half has burned he will surely release Kong Shu." The heir heard this and was afraid, and sent Shi Qi and Meng Yan down from the terrace to block Zilu. They struck him with spears and cut his cap strings. Zilu said: "A gentleman dies without letting his cap fall." He tied his cap strings and died. Confucius, hearing of the disorder in Wei, said: "Chai will probably come, and You is already dead." Kong Kui installed Duke Zhuang. Duke Zhuang resented the old government and wished to remove it entirely; he first said to Si Tu Man Cheng: "I suffered misfortune abroad for a long time; please taste it too." On returning, he told Chushi Bi, wishing to attack Duke Zhuang together with him, but did not succeed.

【經】十有六年春王正月己卯，衛世子蒯聵自戚入於衛，衛侯輒來奔。二月，衛子還成出奔宋。夏四月己丑，孔丘卒。

[Classic] In the sixteenth year, in spring, in the first month of the Zhou king's calendar, on the day jimao, Kuai Kui, heir of Wei, entered Wei from Qi, and the Marquis Zhe of Wei came over. In the second month, Huan Cheng of Wei fled to Song. In summer, on the day jichou of the fourth month, Kong Qiu died.

【傳】十六年春，瞞成、褚師比出奔宋。

[Commentary] In the sixteenth year, in spring, Man Cheng and Chushi Bi fled to Song.

衛侯使鄢武子告於周曰：“蒯聵得罪於君父君母，逋竄於晉。晉以王室之故，不棄兄弟，置諸河上。天誘其衷，獲嗣守封焉。使下臣肸敢告執事。”王使單平公對曰：“肸以嘉命來告餘一人。往謂叔父，餘嘉乃成世，復爾祿次。敬之哉！方天之休，弗敬弗休，悔其可追？”夏四月己丑，孔丘卒。公誄之曰：“旻天不弔，不憖遺一老。俾屏餘一人以在位，煢煢餘在疚。嗚呼哀哉！尼父。無自律。”子贛曰：“君其不沒於魯乎！夫子之言曰：‘禮失則昏，名失則愆。’失志為昏，失所為愆。生不能用，死而誄之，非禮也。稱一人，非名也。君兩失之。”

The Marquis of Wei sent Yan Wuzi to report to the King of Zhou, saying: "Kuai Kui offended his father and mother and fled to Jin. Because of the royal house, Jin did not abandon its brother and settled him by the river. Heaven guided his mind, and he was able to succeed and hold the fief. He sent your servant Xi to respectfully report to the officials." The King of Zhou sent Duke Ping of Shan to reply: "Xi brought good news to tell me, the One Man. Go and tell my uncle: I commend you for completing your generations and restoring your rank and stipend. Be reverent! You are just receiving Heaven's blessing; without reverence there will be no blessing, and what time will there be for regret?" In summer, on the day jichou of the fourth month, Kong Qiu died. Duke Ai gave a eulogy, saying: "Merciless Heaven did not condescend to leave me one old man. It left him to shield me, the One Man, in my position, and I, alone, am in sickness and pain. Alas, how sorrowful! Father Ni. There is none left to discipline myself by." Zigong said: "The ruler will probably not end well in Lu! The master said: 'When ritual is lost, there is confusion; when names are lost, there is error.' To lose one's purpose is confusion, to lose one's status is fault. He could not use him while alive, and gives a eulogy after death, which is against ritual. To call oneself 'the One Man' is against the proper name. The ruler has lost both."

六月，衛侯飲孔悝酒於平陽，重酬之，大夫皆有納焉。醉而送之，夜半而遣之。載伯姬於平陽而行，及西門，使貳車反祏於西圃。子伯季子初為孔氏臣，新登於公，請追之，遇載祏者，殺而乘其車。許公為反祏，遇之，曰：“與不仁人爭，明無不勝。”必使先射，射三發，皆遠許為。許為射之，殪。或以其車從，得祏於囊中。孔悝出奔宋。

In the sixth month, the Marquis of Wei invited Kong Kui to drink at Pingyang, thanked him lavishly, and all the grandees received gifts. After he was drunk, they sent him off, and at midnight dismissed him. At Pingyang, they loaded Bo Ji and set out, and on reaching the west gate, sent a spare carriage back to the west garden to fetch the ancestral tablets. Zibo Jizi had originally been a retainer of the Kong clan and had recently been taken into service by the Marquis of Wei; he asked to pursue, met the man carrying the tablets, killed him, and rode in his chariot. Xu Gong, returning to fetch the tablets, met him and said: "In a fight with an unbenevolent man, there is no way not to win." He made the other shoot first; he shot three arrows, all of which missed Xu Wei. Xu Wei shot him and killed him. Someone drove that chariot after him and found the tablets in the bag. Kong Kui fled to Song.

楚大子建之遇讒也，自城父奔宋。又闢華氏之亂於鄭，鄭人甚善之。又適晉，與晉人謀襲鄭，乃求復焉。鄭人復之如初。晉人使諜於子木，請行而期焉。子木暴虐於其私邑，邑人訴之。鄭人省之，得晉諜焉。遂殺子木。其子曰勝，在吳。

Jian, heir of Chu, was slandered and fled from Chengfu to Song. He also fled the Hua clan's disorder to Zheng, where the people of Zheng treated him well. He also went to Jin and plotted with the people of Jin to attack Zheng, and then asked to return to Zheng. The people of Zheng settled him as before. The people of Jin sent a spy to Zi Mu, asking him to set out and fixing a date. Zi Mu was cruel in his own private town, and the townspeople complained. The people of Zheng investigated and found the Jin spy, and so killed Zi Mu. His son was called Sheng, and was in Wu.

子西欲召之，葉公曰：“吾聞勝也詐而亂，無乃害乎？”子西曰：“吾聞勝也信而勇，不為不利，舍諸邊竟，使衛藩焉。”葉公曰：“周仁之謂信，率義之謂勇。

Zi Xi wanted to summon him back, but Lord Ye said: "I have heard that Sheng is cunning and likes to cause disorder; I fear there will be harm." Zi Xi said: "I have heard that Sheng is sincere and brave and does nothing disadvantageous; settle him on the border and let him guard the fence." Lord Ye said: "To be close to benevolence is called sincerity, and to follow righteousness is called bravery.

吾聞勝也好復言，而求死士，殆有私乎？復言，非信也。期死，非勇也。子必悔之。”弗從。召之使處吳竟，為白公。請伐鄭，子西曰：“楚未節也。不然，吾不忘也。”他日，又請，許之。未起師，晉人伐鄭，楚救之，與之盟。勝怒，曰：“鄭人在此，仇不遠矣。”

(Lord Ye continued:) I have heard that Sheng likes to carry out his promises and also seeks men willing to die; perhaps he has private aims? To carry out promises is not sincerity. To expect death is not bravery. You will surely regret it." He did not listen. He summoned him and had him live on the Wu border, calling him Duke Bai. He asked to attack Zheng, and Zi Xi said: "Chu is not yet well regulated. Otherwise I would not forget." Later he asked again and was permitted. Before the troops set out, the people of Jin attacked Zheng, and Chu rescued it and made a covenant with Zheng. Sheng was angry and said: "The people of Zheng are right here, and my enemies are not far."

勝自厲劍，子期之子平見之，曰：“王孫何自厲也？”曰：“勝以直聞，不告女，庸為直乎？將以殺爾父。”平以告子西。子西曰：“勝如卵，餘翼而長之。

Sheng was grinding a sword himself, and Ping, the son of Zi Qi, saw it and said: "Wangsun, why do you grind a sword yourself?" He said: "Sheng is known for being straightforward; if I do not tell you, how would I be straight? I am going to use it to kill your father." Ping told Zi Xi. Zi Xi said: "Sheng is like an egg, and I have covered him with my wings to let him grow.

楚國第，我死，令尹、司馬，非勝而誰？”勝聞之，曰：“令尹之狂也！得死，乃非我。”子西不悛。勝謂石乞曰：“王與二卿士，皆五百人當之，則可矣。”

(Zi Xi continued:) In the ranks of Chu, when I die, chief minister and Minister of War, who would it be if not Sheng?" Sheng heard this and said: "The chief minister is too arrogant! If he gets a good death, it will not be me." Zi Xi did not change. Sheng said to Shi Qi: "The King of Chu and the two ministers can each be met with five hundred men, and that will do."

乞曰：“不可得也。”曰：“市南有熊宜僚者，若得之，可以當五百人矣。”乃從白公而見之，與之言，說。告之故，辭。承之以劍，不動。勝曰：“不為利諂，不為威惕，不洩人言以求媚者，去之。”

Qi said: "You cannot get them." He said: "In Shinan there is a Xiong Yiliao; if we get him, he can match five hundred men." So he went with Duke Bai to see him and spoke with him, and was greatly pleased. He told him the reason, but he declined. He pointed a sword at him, and he did not move. Sheng said: "One who is not flattered by profit, not frightened by power, and does not leak another's words to curry favor, leave him alone."

吳人伐慎，白公敗之。請以戰備獻，許之。遂作亂。秋七月，殺子西、子期於朝，而劫惠王。子西以袂掩面而死。子期曰：“昔者吾以力事君，不可以弗終。”

The people of Wu attacked Shen, and Duke Bai defeated them. He asked to present the war preparations, and it was granted. Then he started the rebellion. In autumn, in the seventh month, he killed Zi Xi and Zi Qi in the court and seized King Hui. Zi Xi died covering his face with his sleeve. Zi Qi said: "In the past I served my ruler with strength; I cannot do it without carrying it through to the end."

抉豫章以殺人而後死。石乞曰：“焚庫弒王，不然不濟。”白公曰：“不可。弒王，不祥，焚庫，無聚，將何以守矣？”乞曰：“有楚國而治其民，以敬事神，可以得祥，且有聚矣，何患？”弗從。葉公在蔡，方城之外皆曰：“可以入矣。”

He pulled up a camphor tree and killed men with it, and then died himself. Shi Qi said: "Burn the treasury and kill the King of Chu, or we cannot succeed." Duke Bai said: "No. To kill the King is inauspicious, and if we burn the treasury we will have no reserves; with what would we hold on?" Qi said: "If we have Chu and govern the people, and respectfully serve the spirits, we can obtain good fortune, and we will also have reserves; what is there to fear?" He did not listen. Lord Ye was in Cai, and the people outside Fangcheng all said: "You may enter the city."

子高曰：“吾聞之，以險僥倖者，其求無饜，偏重必離。”聞其殺齊管修也而後入。

Zigao said: "I have heard that one who relies on risk to seek luck, if his desires are not satisfied, and if he is partial, will surely lose people's hearts." He entered the city only after hearing that he had killed Guan Xiu of Qi.

白公欲以子閭為王，子閭不可，遂劫以兵。子閭曰：“王孫若安靖楚國，匡正王室，而後庇焉，啟之願也，敢不聽從。若將專利以傾王室，不顧楚國，有死不能。”遂殺之，而以王如高府，石乞尹門，圉公陽穴宮，負王以如昭夫人之宮。

Duke Bai wished to install Zilu as king, but Zilu would not agree, so he threatened him with weapons. Zilu said: "If Wangsun pacifies Chu, corrects the royal house, and then protects me, that is Qi's wish, and how dare I not obey. But if you wish to have the benefit alone and overturn the royal house, ignoring Chu, I would rather die than follow." So he killed him, and took the King of Chu to the Gaofu. Shi Qi guarded the gate, and Yu Gongyang dug through the palace wall and carried the King of Chu on his back to the palace of Lady Zhao.

葉公亦至，及北門，或遇之，曰：“君胡不胄？國人望君如望慈父母焉。盜賊之矢若傷君，是絕民望也。若之何不胄？”乃胄而進。又遇一人曰：“君胡胄？國人望君如望歲焉，日日以幾。若見君面，是得艾也。民知不死，其亦夫有奮心，猶將旌君以徇於國，而反掩面以絕民望，不亦甚乎？”乃免冑而進。遇箴尹固，帥其屬，將與白公。子高曰：“微二子者，楚不國矣。棄德從賊，其可保乎？”乃從葉公。使與國人以攻白公。白公奔山而縊，其徒微之。生拘石乞而問白公之死焉，對曰：“餘知其死所，而長者使餘勿言。”曰：“不言將烹。”乞曰：“此事克則為卿，不克則烹，固其所也，何害？”乃烹石乞。王孫燕奔頯黃氏。諸梁兼二事，國寧，乃使寧為令尹，使寬為司馬，而老於葉。

Lord Ye also arrived, reaching the north gate, where someone met him and said: "Why does my lord not wear a helmet? The people look to my lord as to loving parents. If a bandit's arrow wounds my lord, it would cut off the people's hope. Why do you not wear a helmet?" So he put on a helmet and went forward. He met another who said: "Why does my lord wear a helmet? The people look to my lord as to a harvest, waiting for it every day. If they see my lord's face, they will gain peace. When the people know they will not die, they will have the heart to rise up; and also, to honor my lord as he tours the state, to cover your face and cut off the people's hope, is that not going too far?" So he took off the helmet and went forward. He met Zhen Yin Gu, who was leading his men and was about to follow Duke Bai. Zigao said: "Without these two, Chu would not be a state. To abandon virtue and follow a bandit, can you protect yourself that way?" So they followed Lord Ye. He had him attack Duke Bai together with the people of the state. Duke Bai fled to the mountains and hanged himself, and his followers hid his body. They captured Shi Qi alive and asked where Duke Bai died. He answered: "I know where he died, but my elder told me not to say." They said: "If you do not say it, we will boil you." Qi said: "If this affair succeeds, I would be a minister; if it fails, I would be boiled; that is just how it is; what harm is there?" So they boiled Shi Qi. Wangsun Yan fled to the Kui Huang clan. Zhu Liang held two offices at once, and when the state was stable, he only then made Ning the chief minister and Kuan the Minister of War, and spent his old age at Ye.

衛侯占夢，嬖人求酒於大叔僖子，不得，與卜人比而告公曰：“君有大臣在西南隅，弗去，懼害。”乃逐大叔遺。遺奔晉。衛侯謂渾良夫曰：“吾繼先君而不得其器，若之何？”良夫代執火者而言，曰：“疾與亡君，皆君之子也。召之而擇材焉可也，若不材，器可得也。”豎告大子。大子使五人輿豭從己，劫公而強盟之，且請殺良夫。公曰：“其盟免三死。”曰：“請三之後，有罪殺之。”

The Marquis of Wei divined his dream, and a favorite minister, who had asked Taishu Xizi for wine and been refused, conspired with the diviner and told the Marquis of Wei: "My lord has a great minister in the southwest corner; if he is not removed, I fear harm." So he drove out Taishu Yi. Yi fled to Jin. The Marquis of Wei said to Hun Liangfu: "I succeeded my former ruler but cannot obtain his vessels; what shall I do?" Liangfu spoke in place of the torch-bearer, saying: "Ji and the exiled ruler are both my lord's sons. Summon them and choose the one with ability; if he has no ability, the vessels can be obtained." The page told the heir. The heir sent five men carrying a boar to follow him, seized the Marquis of Wei, forced him to make a covenant, and asked to have Liangfu killed. The Marquis of Wei said: "That covenant exempts him from three death sentences." He said: "Please, after three, if he is guilty, kill him."

公曰：“諾哉！”

The Marquis of Wei said: "Very well!"

【傳】十七年春，衛侯為虎幄於藉圃，成，求令名者，而與之始食焉。大子請使良夫。良夫乘衷甸兩牡，紫衣狐裘，至，袒襲，不釋劍而食。大子使牽以退，數之以三罪而殺之。

[Commentary] In the seventeenth year, in spring, the Marquis of Wei made a tiger tent in the Ji garden, and when it was finished, looked for a man of good repute to begin dining with him. The heir asked that Liangfu be sent. Liangfu came riding in a two-stallion chariot, wearing a purple robe and a fox fur, with his outer garment open, and ate without taking off his sword. The heir sent men to pull him back, enumerated three offenses, and then killed him.

三月，越子伐吳。吳子御之笠澤，夾水而陳。越子為左右句卒，使夜或左或右，鼓譟而進。吳師分以御之。越子以三軍潛涉，當吳中軍而鼓之，吳師大亂，遂敗之。

In the third month, the Viscount of Yue attacked Wu. The Viscount of Wu resisted at Lize, and they drew up across the water. The Viscount of Yue set up left and right hooked units and had them advance at night, now left and now right, with beating drums. The Wu army divided to resist. The Viscount of Yue led the three armies across the water in secret and beat the drum facing the central army of Wu; the Wu army fell into great disorder and was thus defeated.

晉趙鞅使告於衛曰：“君之在晉也，志父為主。請君若大子來，以免志父。

Zhao Yang of Jin sent men to tell Wei: "When your ruler was in Jin, Zhifu was the host. Please let your ruler or the heir come, to clear Zhifu of blame.

不然，寡君其曰，志父之為也。”衛侯辭以難。大子又使椓之。

(Zhao Yang continued:) Otherwise my ruler may say that this was Zhifu's doing." The Marquis of Wei declined on account of calamity. The heir again sent men to slander him.

夏六月，趙鞅圍衛。齊國觀、陳瓘救衛，得晉人之致師者。子玉使服而見之，曰：“國子實執齊柄，而命瓘曰：‘無闢晉師。’豈敢廢命？子又何辱？”簡子曰：“我卜伐衛，未卜與齊戰。”乃還。

In summer, in the sixth month, Zhao Yang besieged Wei. Guo Guan and Chen Guan of Qi rescued Wei and captured the Jin men who came to challenge them. Zi Yu had him change into his proper dress and come to see him, saying: "The Guo Zi actually holds the reins of Qi and commanded Guan: 'Do not avoid the Jin army.' How dare I abandon the command? And why should you condescend to challenge?" Jianzi said: "I divined about attacking Wei, and not about fighting Qi." So he withdrew.

楚白公之亂，陳人恃其聚而侵楚。楚既寧，將取陳麥。楚子問帥於大師子谷與葉公諸梁，子谷曰：“右領差車與左史老，皆相令尹、司馬以伐陳，其可使也。”

When Duke Bai of Chu rebelled, the people of Chen relied on their stores to raid Chu. After Chu became stable, they were about to seize Chen's wheat. The Viscount of Chu asked Grand Preceptor Zi Gu and Lord Ye Zhu Liang about a commander. Zi Gu said: "You Ling Cha Che and Zuo Shi Lao both helped the chief minister and the Minister of War attack Chen and may be used."

子高曰：“率賤，民慢之，懼不用命焉。”子谷曰：“觀丁父，鄀俘也，武王以為軍率，是以克州、蓼，服隨、唐，大啟群蠻。彭仲爽，申俘也，文王以為令尹，實縣申、息，朝陳、蔡，封畛於汝。唯其任也，何賤之有？”子高曰：“天命不謟。令尹有憾於陳，天若亡之，其必令尹之子是與，君盍舍焉？臣懼右領與左史有二俘之賤，而無其令德也。”王卜之，武城尹吉。使帥師取陳麥。陳人御之，敗，遂圍陳。秋七月己卯，楚公孫朝帥師滅陳。

Zigao said: "Generals who come from low birth are despised by the people, and I fear they will not obey orders." Zi Gu said: "Guan Dingfu was a captive of Ruo; King Wu used him as a military commander, and so won at Zhou and Liao, made Sui and Tang submit, and opened the land of the many Man. Peng Zhongshuang was a captive of Shen; King Wen made him chief minister, set up Shen and Xi as districts, made Chen and Cai pay court, and extended the border to the Ru River. One need only see whether he is up to it; what is low about that?" Zigao said: "The mandate of Heaven is not in doubt. The chief minister has a grievance toward Chen, and if Heaven means to destroy Chen, it will surely give Chen to the chief minister's son; why not put it aside and not use them? I fear that You Ling and Zuo Shi have only the lowliness of two captives and lack their fine virtue." The King of Chu divined, and Wu Cheng Yin was auspicious. He sent him to lead troops to seize Chen's wheat. The people of Chen resisted and were defeated, and he besieged Chen. In autumn, on the day jimao of the seventh month, Gongsun Chao of Chu led troops and destroyed Chen.

王與葉公枚卜子良以為令尹。沈尹朱曰：“吉，過於其志。”葉公曰：“王子而相國，過將何為？”他日，改卜子國而使為令尹。

The King of Chu and Lord Ye divined one by one, wishing to make Zi Liang chief minister. Shen Yin Zhu said: "It is auspicious, exceeding his ambition." Lord Ye said: "As a prince, to assist in the government of the state, if he exceeds, what more will he do?" Later, they divined for Zi Guo instead and made him chief minister.

衛侯夢於北宮，見人登昆吾之觀，被髮北面而噪曰：“登此昆吾之虛，綿綿生之瓜。餘為渾良夫，叫天無辜。”公親筮之，胥彌赦占之，曰：“不害。”與之邑，置之，而逃奔宋。衛侯貞卜，其繇曰：“如魚赬尾，衡流而方羊。裔焉大國，滅之將亡。闔門塞竇，乃自後逾。”

The Marquis of Wei dreamed in the North Palace and saw a man climb the tower of Kunwu with disheveled hair, shouting north: "Climb this ruin of Kunwu, melons grow on and on. I am Hun Liangfu, crying out to Heaven for justice." The Marquis of Wei divined by milfoil himself, and Xu Mi She interpreted it, saying: "No harm." He gave him a town, and he settled there, but then fled to Song. The Marquis of Wei again divined by tortoise and milfoil, and the verse said: "Like a fish with a reddened tail, drifting uncertainly across the stream. Close to a great state, destroying it will bring ruin. Shut the gates and block the holes, yet climb over from behind."

冬十月，晉復伐衛，入其郛。將入城，簡子曰：“止。叔向有言曰：‘怙亂滅國者無後。’”衛人出莊公而晉平，晉立襄公之孫般師而還。十一月，衛侯自鄄入，般師出。

In winter, in the tenth month, Jin again attacked Wei and entered the outer wall. As they were about to enter the city, Jianzi said: "Stop. Shu Xiang had a saying: 'One who takes advantage of disorder to destroy a state has no descendants.'" The people of Wei drove out Duke Zhuang and made peace with Jin, and Jin installed Banshiran, grandson of Duke Xiang, and went back. In the eleventh month, the Marquis of Wei entered the city from Juan, and Banshi went out.

初，公登城以望，見戎州。問之，以告。公曰：“我姬姓也，何戎之有焉？”翦之。公使匠久。公欲逐石圃，未及而難作。辛已，石圃因匠氏攻公，公闔門而請，弗許。逾於北方而隊，折股。戎州人攻之，大子疾、公子青逾從公，戎州人殺之。公入於戎州己氏。初，公自城上見己氏之妻發美，使髡之，以為呂姜髢。

Earlier, the Marquis of Wei had climbed the wall and looked out and saw Rongzhou. He asked what place it was, and someone told him. The Marquis of Wei said: "I am of the Ji clan; where do the Rong come from?" He wiped it out. The Marquis of Wei had used his craftsmen for a long time. He wished to expel Shi Pu, but before he could, disaster struck. On the day xinsi, Shi Pu used the craftsmen to attack the Marquis of Wei, who shut the gate and begged, but was not allowed. He climbed over the wall on the north side and fell, breaking his thigh. The people of Rongzhou attacked him, and the heir Ji and Prince Qing climbed the wall to follow him, and the people of Rongzhou killed them. The Marquis of Wei entered the house of the Ji clan in Rongzhou. Earlier, the Marquis of Wei, looking from the wall, had seen the hair of Ji's wife was beautiful and had it shaved off to make a hairpiece for Lu Jiang.

既入焉，而示之璧，曰：“活我，吾與女璧。”己氏曰：“殺女，璧其焉往？”遂殺之而取其璧。衛人復公孫般師而立之。十二月，齊人伐衛，衛人請平。立公子起，執般師以歸，舍諸潞。

After he had entered the house, he showed him a jade disc and said: "Save my life and I will give you the disc." Ji said: "If I kill you, where could the disc go?" So he killed him and took his jade disc. The people of Wei again had Gongsun Banshi return and installed him as ruler. In the twelfth month, the people of Qi attacked Wei, and the people of Wei asked for peace. Prince Qi was installed, and Banshi was seized and taken back and settled at Lu.

公會齊侯，盟於蒙，孟武伯相。齊侯稽首，公拜。齊人怒，武伯曰：“非天子，寡君無所稽首。”武伯問於高柴曰：“諸侯盟，誰執牛耳？”季羔曰：“鄫衍之役，吳公子姑曹。發陽之役，衛石魋。”武伯曰：“然則彘也。”

Duke Ai met the Marquis of Qi and made a covenant at Meng, with Meng Wubo assisting in the rites. The Marquis of Qi kowtowed, and Duke Ai only bowed. The people of Qi were angry. Wubo said: "Unless he is the Son of Heaven, my ruler has no way to kowtow." Wubo asked Gao Chai: "When the feudal lords make a covenant, who holds the ox's ear?" Jigao said: "At the battle of Zengyan, it was Prince Gu Cao of Wu. At the battle of Fayang, it was Shi Tui of Wei." Wubo said: "Then it is the pig."