Observing Things Chapter Eighteen: Using the Meeting of the Six Great Movements

觀物篇十八，以會經運六。經日之甲一，經月之午七。經星之丁一百八十四。經辰之子二千一百九十七：甲子十八、乙丑十九、丙寅二十、丁卯二十一、戊辰二十二、己巳二十三，周文王沒，武王即位。庚午二十四、辛未二十五、壬申二十六、癸酉二十七、甲戌二十八、乙亥二十九、丙子三十、丁丑三十一、戊寅三十二、己卯，周武王。庚辰二、辛巳三、壬午四、癸未五、甲申六、乙酉七、丙戌，周成王。丁亥二、戊子三、己丑四、庚寅五、辛卯六、壬辰七、癸巳八。

The eighteenth chapter of "Observing Things" is the sixth chapter of "Meeting the Heavenly Mandate," recording the 184th cycle, still belonging to the first great cycle's seventh division, the午 division. It covers the 2,197th to 2,208th generations, totaling 360 years, corresponding to the period from 1137 BCE to 778 BCE. The first generation, the 2,197th, spans from Jiazi to Guisi, from 1137 BCE to 1108 BCE. The initial Jiazi is the eighteenth year of King Xin of Shang. Jisi is the twenty-third year of King Xin, i.e., 1132 BCE, marking the time when King Wen of Zhou died and King Wu took the throne. This refers to the death of King Wen, Ji Chang, and his son Ji Fa succeeding as the ruler of Zhou, who later became King Wu. At this time, King Zhou of Shang was still in power, so the years were still counted from King Zhou. Jimao is the thirty-second year of King Xin, i.e., 1122 BCE, which is titled "King Wu of Zhou" in the table, with the years starting anew, marking the year when King Wu attacked Shang, conquered the Shang dynasty, and established the Zhou dynasty. The Shang dynasty's era ended at this point. Yiyou is the seventh year of King Wu. Bingxu is titled "King Cheng of Zhou," being the first year of King Cheng, i.e., 1115 BCE. Dinghai is the second year of King Cheng, continuing in sequence until Guisi, which is the eighth year of King Cheng.

經辰之丑二千一百九十八：甲午九、乙未十、丙申十一、丁酉十二、戊戌十三、己亥十四、庚子十五、辛丑十六、壬寅十七、癸卯十八、甲辰十九、乙巳二十、丙午二十一、丁未二十二、戊申二十三、己酉二十四、庚戌二十五、辛亥二十六、壬子二十七、癸丑二十八、甲寅二十九、乙卯三十、丙辰三十一、丁巳三十二、戊午三十三、己未三十四、庚申三十五、辛酉三十六、壬戌三十七、癸亥，周康王。

The second thousand and nineteenth generation begins with Jiawu and ends with Guihai, spanning from 1107 BCE to 1078 BCE. The first year, Jiawu, corresponds to the ninth year of King Cheng of Zhou. King Cheng's reign coincided with the time when the Duke of Zhou was acting as regent, building Luoyi, and establishing rituals and music. However, this table does not record any events, only listing thirty-seven years up to Renxu. At the end, the year Guihai is labeled as the first year of King Kang of Zhou, which is 1078 BCE, when King Cheng's son Zhao succeeded to the throne. The period of King Cheng and King Kang was a time of peace and stability, with laws and punishments not needed for over forty years, marking the height of the Zhou dynasty. Converted to the Common Era, the first year Jiawu corresponds to 1107 BCE, and the year Guihai when King Kang began his reign corresponds to 1078 BCE. The Duke of Zhou acted as regent for seven years before returning power to King Cheng. The construction of Luoyi, the creation of rituals and music, and the large-scale enfeoffment of fellow-surname feudal lords all occurred during King Cheng's reign. The texts "Zhao Gao," "Luoyi Gao," "Duoshi," and "Wuyi" in the Book of Documents record these events. However, the table does not mention them, following the old practice of not including years without precise dates.

經辰之寅二千一百九十九：甲子二、乙丑三、丙寅四、丁卯五、戊辰六、己巳七、庚午八、辛未九、壬申十、癸酉十一、甲戌十二、乙亥十三、丙子十四、丁丑十五、戊寅十六、己卯十七、庚辰十八、辛巳十九、壬午二十、癸未二十一、甲申二十二、乙酉二十三、丙戌二十四、丁亥二十五、戊子二十六、己丑，周昭王。庚寅二、辛卯三、壬辰四、癸巳五。

The Yin era is the two thousand one hundred and ninety-ninth era, spanning from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years from 1077 BC to 1048 BC. The initial Jiazi year is the second year of King Kang of Zhou. King Kang reigned for twenty-six years, ending with the Wu Zi year. The Jichou year is marked as the first year of King Zhao of Zhou, who succeeded his father, King Kang's son Xia, in 1052 BC. Records in the "Records of the Grand Historian: The Annals of Zhou" state that during King Zhao's reign, the way of the king was gradually declining. He went on a southern tour but did not return, dying on the river. The decline of the Zhou dynasty began with him. The Geng Yin year is the second year of King Zhao, and continuing in order, the Guisi year is the fifth year of King Zhao. Converted into the Common Era, the initial Jiazi year corresponds to 1077 BC, the Jichou year when King Zhao began his reign corresponds to 1052 BC, and the final Guisi year corresponds to 1048 BC.

經辰之卯二千二百：甲午六、乙未七、丙申八、丁酉九、戊戌十、己亥十一、庚子十二、辛丑十三、壬寅十四、癸卯十五、甲辰十六、乙巳十七、丙午十八、丁未十九、戊申二十、己酉二十一、庚戌二十二、辛亥二十三、壬子二十四、癸丑二十五、甲寅二十六、乙卯二十七、丙辰二十八、丁巳二十九、戊午三十、己未三十一、庚申三十二、辛酉三十三、壬戌三十四、癸亥三十五。

The second thousand and second hundred world period begins with the year of Mao and ends with Guihai, spanning from 1047 BCE to 1018 BCE, a period of thirty years entirely within the reign of King Zhao of Zhou. The first year, Jiawu, corresponds to the sixth year of King Zhao, and the last year, Guihai, corresponds to the thirty-fifth year of King Zhao. This period marks a complete number of two thousand and two hundred, making it a convenient and memorable point in the entire table. Converted to the Common Era, the first year, Jiawu, corresponds to 1047 BCE, and the last year, Guihai, corresponds to 1018 BCE. King Zhao of Zhou launched a southern campaign against Jingchu, crossed the Han River, and lost six armies; he himself perished along with the Duke of Ji in the river. The Zhou people concealed this incident and did not inform the feudal lords, so the old histories do not provide detailed dates for this event. Since there is no accurate year to associate with, the table continues with an empty entry. The transition from the flourishing era of King Cheng and King Kang to the decline under King Zhao and King Mu began precisely during this period.

經辰之辰二千二百一：甲子三十六、乙丑三十七、丙寅三十八、丁卯三十九、戊辰四十、己巳四十一、庚午四十二、辛未四十三、壬申四十四、癸酉四十五、甲戌四十六、乙亥四十七、丙子四十八、丁丑四十九、戊寅五十、己卯五十一、庚辰，周穆王。辛巳二、壬午三、癸未四、甲申五、乙酉六、丙戌七、丁亥八、戊子九、己丑十、庚寅十一、辛卯十二、壬辰十三、癸巳十四。

The Chén shì is the two thousand two hundred and first era, from Jiazi to Guisi, spanning from 1017 B.C. to 988 B.C. The starting Jiazi corresponds to the thirty-sixth year of King Zhao of the Zhou dynasty. King Zhao reigned for fifty-one years, ending with Jimao. Gengchen is then designated as the first year of King Mu of Zhou, who succeeded his father, King Zhao's son Man. King Mu campaigned west against the Qian Rong, east against Xu Yan Wang, and ordered Lü Hou to compile the "Lü Criminal Code." He reigned for fifty-five years, making him the longest-reigning monarch of the Western Zhou dynasty. Xinsi is the second year of King Mu, and the years are counted sequentially up to Guisi, which is the fourteenth year of King Mu. Converted to the Common Era, the starting Jiazi is 1017 B.C., the year Gengchen when King Mu began his reign is 1001 B.C., and the ending Guisi is 988 B.C. From this point, the chronology of the Zhou dynasty enters the tenth century B.C.

經辰之巳二千二百二：甲午十五、乙未十六、丙申十七、丁酉十八、戊戌十九、己亥二十、庚子二十一、辛丑二十二、壬寅二十三、癸卯二十四、甲辰二十五、乙巳二十六、丙午二十七、丁未二十八、戊申二十九、己酉三十、庚戌三十一、辛亥三十二、壬子三十三、癸丑三十四、甲寅三十五、乙卯三十六、丙辰三十七、丁巳三十八、戊午三十九、己未四十、庚申四十一、辛酉四十二、壬戌四十三、癸亥四十四。

The fourth generation is the two thousand and twenty-second, from Jiawu to Guihai, spanning the years from 987 to 958 BCE, thirty years all falling within the reign of King Mu of Zhou. The beginning Jiawu corresponds to the fifteenth year of King Mu, and the end Guihai corresponds to the forty-fourth year. During these thirty years, King Mu ordered Zhao Fu to drive the chariot on a western tour to Kunlun, and also launched an eastern campaign against the Xu戎, and ordered Lü Hou to compose the "Lü Criminal Code" to elaborate on the laws, all of which occurred within this period. The "Record of the Travels of King Mu of Zhou" records many of his journeys across the land, often mixed with supernatural elements, making the dates uncertain. Shao Yong preferred to leave the entire generation blank rather than include these legendary accounts in the year sequence. This is also the general approach used in the entire table for handling historical records of the Three Dynasties: preferring a rough but accurate account over a false one, and preferring to leave gaps rather than fabricate. If there is an event without a year, even if the event is well known, it is not recorded; if there is a year without an event, even if the entry is empty, it is not deleted. Thus, the prosperity and decline of the Western Zhou Dynasty during this period are compressed into thirty consecutive heavenly stems and earthly branches.

經辰之午二千二百三：甲子四十五、乙丑四十六、丙寅四十七、丁卯四十八、戊辰四十九、己巳五十、庚午五十一、辛未五十二、壬申五十三、癸酉五十四、甲戌五十五、乙亥，周恭王。丙子二、丁丑三、戊寅四、己卯五、庚辰六、辛巳七、壬午八、癸未九、甲申十、乙酉十一、丙戌十二、丁亥，周懿王。戊子二、己丑三、庚寅四、辛卯五、壬辰六、癸巳七。

The fifth era is the two thousand and twenty-third era, from Jiazi to Guisi, spanning from 957 BC to 928 BC. The starting Jiazi is the forty-fifth year of King Mu of Zhou. King Mu reigned for fifty-five years, ending with Jiaxu. Yihai is changed to the first year of King Gong of Zhou, which is 946 BC, when King Mu's son Yi Hu succeeded to the throne and reigned for twelve years. Dinghai is changed to the first year of King Yi of Zhou, which is 934 BC, when King Gong's son Jian succeeded to the throne. The Records of the Grand Historian say that during King Yi's reign, the royal house began to decline, and poets started to compose satirical poems. The signs of the decline of the Western Zhou dynasty from prosperity to decline became evident at this time. Wuzi is the second year of King Yi, and continuing in order, Guisi is the seventh year of King Yi.

經辰之未二千二百四：甲午八、乙未九、丙申十、丁酉十一、戊戌十二、己亥十三、庚子十四、辛丑十五、壬寅十六、癸卯十七、甲辰十八、乙巳十九、丙午二十、丁未二十一、戊申二十二、己酉二十三、庚戌二十四、辛亥二十五、壬子，周孝王。癸丑二、甲寅三、乙卯四、丙辰五、丁巳六、戊午七、己未八、庚申九、辛酉十、壬戌十一、癸亥十二。

The twelfth thousand and fourth generation began in Jiawu and ended in Guihai, spanning from 927 BC to 898 BC. The first year, Jiawu, corresponds to the eighth year of King Yi of the Zhou dynasty. King Yi reigned for twenty-five years, ending in Xinhai. The next year, Renzi, is marked as the first year of King Xiao of the Zhou dynasty, which was 909 BC, when King Yi's uncle, Bi Fang, succeeded to the throne. King Xiao appointed Feizi to raise horses between the Qian and Wei rivers. The horses multiplied greatly, and Feizi was granted the territory of Qin, becoming a vassal state, thus marking the origin of the state of Qin. The year Guichou is the second year of King Xiao's reign, and continuing in order, Guihai is the twelfth year. Converted to the Common Era, the first year Jiawu corresponds to 927 BC, the year Renzi when King Xiao began his reign corresponds to 909 BC, and the final year Guihai corresponds to 898 BC.

經辰之申二千二百五：甲子十三、乙丑十四、丙寅十五、丁卯，周夷王。戊辰二、己巳三、庚午四、辛未五、壬申六、癸酉七、甲戌八、乙亥九、丙子十、丁丑十一、戊寅十二、己卯十三、庚辰十四、辛巳十五、壬午十六、癸未，周厲王。甲申二、乙酉三、丙戌四、丁亥五、戊子六、己丑七、庚寅八、辛卯九、壬辰十、癸巳十一。

The Shēn dynasty is the 2205th dynasty, spanning from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years 897 to 868 BC. The initial Jiazi year was the 13th year of King Xiaowang of the Zhou dynasty. King Xiaowang reigned for 15 years, ending with Bingyin. In Dingmao, the title was changed to "King Yiwang of Zhou," marking the first year of Yiwang's reign, which was 894 BC, when Xie, the son of King Yi, succeeded to the throne. King Yiwang once descended from his hall to meet the feudal lords, signaling the decline of the Son of Heaven's rituals. He also boiled the Duke of Qi, Ai Gong, in a cauldron. In Guisi, the title was changed again to "King Lìwang of Zhou," marking the first year of Lìwang's reign, which was 878 BC, when Hu, the son of King Yi, ascended the throne. King Lìwang was tyrannical and greedy for profit, appointing Rong Yigong to monopolize resources and employing Wei Wu to monitor slander. The people could only look at each other in the streets, eventually leading to the uprising of the common people. Jiashen marks the second year of Lìwang's reign, and continuing in order, Guisi is the eleventh year of Lìwang's reign.

經辰之酉二千二百六：甲午十二、乙未十三、丙申十四、丁酉十五、戊戌十六、己亥十七、庚子十八、辛丑十九、壬寅二十、癸卯二十一、甲辰二十二、乙巳二十三、丙午二十四、丁未二十五、戊申二十六、己酉二十七、庚戌二十八、辛亥二十九、壬子三十、癸丑三十一、甲寅三十二、乙卯三十三、丙辰三十四、丁巳三十五、戊午三十六、己未三十七、庚申三十八、辛酉三十九、壬戌四十、癸亥四十一。

The year酉世 is the two thousand and twenty-sixth year, from Jiawu to Guihai, spanning from 867 to 838 BCE, a period entirely within the reign of King Li of Zhou: the beginning Jiawu corresponds to the twelfth year of King Li, and the end Guihai corresponds to the forty-first year. In between, in 841 BCE, the people rose up and expelled King Li, who fled to Zhì. Zhou and Zhao jointly ruled, an era known as the "Reign of the Republic." This is when China's accurate chronological record began. However, this table does not establish a separate entry for the Republic, and instead continues to count these years within the reign of King Li. This shows that Shao Yong's chronology only recognizes the sovereign and not the regent. Converted to the Common Era, the beginning Jiawu corresponds to 867 BCE, and the end Guihai corresponds to 838 BCE. Since the term "Republic" is not included in the table, the year when China's accurate chronology began is merely a common year entry labeled "Jisi forty-one" in this table.

經辰之戌二千二百七：甲子四十二、乙丑四十三、丙寅四十四、丁卯四十五、戊辰四十六、己巳四十七、庚午四十八、辛未四十九、壬申五十、癸酉五十一、甲戌，周宣王。乙亥二、丙子三、丁丑四、戊寅五、己卯六、庚辰七、辛巳八、壬午九、癸未十、甲申十一、乙酉十二、丙戌十三、丁亥十四、戊子十五、己丑十六、庚寅十七、辛卯十八、壬辰十九、癸巳二十。

The 2207th generation begins with Jiazi and ends with Guisi, spanning from 837 to 808 BCE. The initial Jiazi corresponds to the 42nd year of King Li of Zhou. The count of King Li's years continues until the 51st year, which is Guiyou, corresponding to 828 BCE. The next year, Jiaxu, is marked as the first year of King Xuan of Zhou, who succeeded his father King Li's son Jing. King Xuan reformed internal affairs, repelled the Huaiyi tribes, and appointed officials such as Fangshu, Zhaohu, and Yijingfu. He campaigned south against the Jingman and north against the Xianyun, temporarily restoring the prosperity of the early Zhou dynasty, known as the "Xuanwang Zhongxing." The poems "Liyue," "Caiyi," and "Chugong" in the Book of Songs describe these events. The following years, starting from Yihai as the second year of King Xuan, continue in order until the twentieth year, which is Guisi.

經辰之亥二千二百八：甲午二十一、乙未二十二、丙申二十三、丁酉二十四、戊戌二十五、己亥二十六、庚子二十七、辛丑二十八、壬寅二十九、癸卯三十、甲辰三十一、乙巳三十二、丙午三十三、丁未三十四、戊申三十五、己酉三十六、庚戌三十七、辛亥三十八、壬子三十九、癸丑四十、甲寅四十一、乙卯四十二、丙辰四十三、丁巳四十四、戊午四十五、己未四十六、庚申，周幽王。辛酉二、壬戌三、癸亥四。

The Hài shì is the two thousand two hundred and eighth generation, also the last generation of the one hundred and eightieth-fourth cycle, spanning from Jiawu to Guihai, corresponding to the years from 807 to 778 BCE. The beginning Jiawu is the twenty-first year of King Xuan of Zhou. King Xuan reigned for forty-six years, ending with Jiwei in 782 BCE. Gengshen marks the beginning of the reign of King You of Zhou, the first year, which is 781 BCE, when King Xuan's son, King You, succeeded the throne. King You favored Bao Si, deposed Shenhou, and falsely raised the beacon fires to amuse the feudal lords. He was killed by the Qianrong people in the Li Mountains after ruling for eleven years, leading to the fall of the Western Zhou dynasty. Xinyou is the second year of King You's reign, Renxu is the third year, and Guihai is the fourth year. The one hundred and eightieth-fourth cycle thus completes three hundred and sixty years. Converted into the Gregorian calendar, the beginning Jiawu corresponds to 807 BCE, the start of King You's reign in Gengshen corresponds to 781 BCE, and the end Guihai corresponds to 778 BCE.

皇極經世書卷四上。觀物篇十九，以會經運七。經日之甲一，經月之午七。經星之戊一百八十五。經辰之子二千二百九。經辰之丑二千二百一十。經辰之寅二千二百一十一。經辰之卯二千二百一十二。經辰之辰二千二百一十三。經辰之巳二千二百一十四。經辰之午二千二百一十五。經辰之未二千二百一十六。經辰之申二千二百一十七。經辰之酉二千二百一十八。經辰之戌二千二百一十九。經辰之亥二千二百二十。

This is the beginning of volume four of The Supreme Principles Governing the World. It is the nineteenth chapter, "Observing Things," which is the seventh chapter under the section "Meeting the Heavenly Mandate." It records the 185th cycle, still within the seventh division of the first great cycle, the午 cycle. It covers the 2,209th to the 2,220th generations, totaling twelve generations, each lasting thirty-six years, corresponding to the period from 777 BCE to 418 BCE. These thirty-six years encompass the fall of King You of Zhou, the eastward migration of King Ping of Zhou, the Spring and Autumn period of 242 years, and the early Warring States period. Events such as the hegemony of Qi Huan and Jin Wen, the birth and death of Confucius, and the division of Jin into three states are all included in this period. However, the original text under this cycle only lists the names of the twelve generations and their overall titles in sequence, from 子 generation 2,209 to 亥 generation 2,220. Under each generation, there are no entries of the heavenly stems and earthly branches, nor are there any historical events recorded. The entire thirty-six years of this cycle are left blank. This omission is likely due to transmission errors in the text, not because Shao Yong's original table was like this. Readers can infer the format based on the examples of other cycles.

觀物篇二十，以會經運八。經日之甲一，經月之午七。經星之己一百八十六。經辰之子二千二百二十一。經辰之丑二千二百二十二。經辰之寅二千二百二十三。經辰之卯二千二百二十四。經辰之辰二千二百二十五。經辰之巳二千二百二十六。經辰之午二千二百二十七。經辰之未二千二百二十八。

The twenty-first chapter of the "Observing Things" section is the eighth chapter of "Using the Converging of the Classics and the Movement of the Ages," recording the 186th movement, which includes the 2,221st to the 2,232nd generations, totaling 360 years, from 417 to 58 BCE. The first eight generations of this movement only list the generation names and general titles without the heavenly stems and earthly branches or historical events: from the Zi generation (2,221st) to the Wei generation (2,228th), covering 240 years, from 417 to 178 BCE. During this period, the seven warring states contended, Qin unified the world, the Chu-Han contention occurred, and the founding of the Western Han dynasty all took place within this gap. The text resumes listing the heavenly stems and earthly branches along with the era names from the next generation, Shen, indicating that the original text may have missing parts here.

經辰之申二千二百二十九：甲子四、乙丑五、丙寅六、丁卯七、戊辰八、己巳九、庚午十、辛未十一、壬申十二、癸酉十三、甲戌十四、乙亥十五、丙子十六、丁丑十七、戊寅，後元。己卯二、庚辰三、辛巳四、壬午五、癸未六、甲申七、乙酉，漢景帝。丙戌二、丁亥三、戊子四、己丑五、庚寅六、辛卯七、壬辰，中元。癸巳二。

Shen Shi is the 2229th generation, from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years from 177 BC to 148 BC. The text here resumes, beginning with the Jiazi stem marked only with the character 'four' without an imperial title, because the previous generations are empty, making it impossible to associate the titles. This 'four' refers to the fourth year of Emperor Wen's reign. This indicates that the table takes the year of Emperor Wen's accession in 180 BC as the first year. After Dingchou 17, Wuyin is changed to 'Houyuan', which is the first year of the Houyuan period of Emperor Wen, 163 BC. Emperor Wen removed the old title and re-established the era name, Jimao being the second year of the Houyuan period. Yiyou is changed to 'Han Jingdi', which is the first year of Emperor Jing's reign, 156 BC. Renchen is again changed to 'Zhongyuan', which is the first year of the Zhongyuan period of Emperor Jing, 149 BC. Guisi is the second year of the Zhongyuan period. From this point on, the text under the heavenly stems and earthly branches no longer refers to the years of the emperors' reigns, but instead mostly refers to era names. This change in notation is due to the frequent changes of era names during the Han dynasty.

經辰之酉二千二百三十：甲午三、乙未四、丙申五、丁酉六、戊戌，後元。己亥二、庚子三、辛丑，漢武帝建元。壬寅二、癸卯三、甲辰四、乙巳五、丙午六、丁未，元光。戊申二、己酉三、庚戌四、辛亥五、壬子六、癸丑，元朔。甲寅二、乙卯三、丙辰四、丁巳五、戊午六、己未，元狩。庚申二、辛酉三、壬戌四、癸亥五。

The Youshi era is the two thousand two hundred and thirty-first era, spanning from Jiawu to Guihai, covering the period from 147 to 118 BCE. The first year Jiawu corresponds to the third year of Emperor Jingdi's Zhongyuan period of the Han dynasty. In sequence, Dingyou is the sixth year of Zhongyuan. In the year Wuxu, the era title was changed to "Houyuan," which refers to the first year of Houyuan period of Emperor Jingdi, 143 BCE. In the year Xinchou, the era title was changed to "Hanwudi Jianyuan," which refers to the first year of Jianyuan period of Emperor Wu of Han, 140 BCE; Jianyuan was the first official era title in Chinese history, and from then on, the imperial era was uniformly recorded with era titles. This table also changed to the format of era titles followed by numerical order. The following year Dingwei is the first year of Yuanguang period, 134 BCE; GuiChou is the first year of Yuanshuo period, 128 BCE; Jiwei is the first year of Yuanshou period, 122 BCE; and Guihai is the fifth year of Yuanshou period. During Emperor Wu's reign, the era title was changed approximately every six years, and this table sequentially lists these changes, clearly demonstrating this pattern.

經辰之戌二千二百三十一：甲子六、乙丑，元鼎。丙寅二、丁卯三、戊辰四、己巳五、庚午六、辛未，元封。壬申二、癸酉三、甲戌四、乙亥五、丙子六、丁丑，太初。戊寅二、己卯三、庚辰四、辛巳，天漢。壬午二、癸未三、甲申四、乙酉，太始。丙戌二、丁亥三、戊子四、己丑，徵和。庚寅二、辛卯三、壬辰四、癸巳，後元。

The Xiu shi era corresponds to the 2,231st generation, spanning from Jiazi to Guisi, which corresponds to the period from 117 BCE to 88 BCE, a total of thirty years during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han. This era is the one with the most frequent changes of era names in the table. Jiazi began in the sixth year of Yuanshou, 117 BCE. Yichou began in the first year of Yuanding, 116 BCE. Xinwei began in the first year of Yuanfeng, 110 BCE, the year Emperor Wu ascended Mount Tai for a sacrificial ceremony. Dingchou began in the first year of Taichu, 104 BCE, the same year the Taichu calendar was promulgated and the first month was established as the beginning of the year. Xinsi began in the first year of Tianhan, 100 BCE. Yiyou began in the first year of Taishi, 96 BCE. Jichou began in the first year of Zhenhe, 92 BCE, during which the Wugǔ incident occurred. Guisi began in the first year of Huiyuan, 88 BCE. Seven era names are arranged within the thirty grids of this era, clearly dividing the months and years of Emperor Wu's later reign.

經辰之亥二千二百三十二：甲午二、乙未，漢昭帝始元。丙申二、丁酉三、戊戌四、己亥五、庚子六、辛丑，元鳳。壬寅二、癸卯三、甲辰四、乙巳五、丙午六、丁未，元平。戊申，漢宣帝本始。己酉二、庚戌三、辛亥四、壬子，地節。癸丑二、甲寅三、乙卯四、丙辰，元康。丁巳二、戊午三、己未四、庚申，神爵。辛酉二、壬戌三、癸亥四。

The Hài Shì is the two thousand and twenty-third generation, also the last generation of the one hundred and eighty-sixth cycle, spanning from Jiawu to Guihai, covering the period from 87 BCE to 58 BCE. Jiawu corresponds to the second year of Houyuan in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty, 87 BCE, when Emperor Wu died in that year. Yiwei marks the beginning of the first year of Shiyuan in the reign of Emperor Zhao of the Han dynasty, 86 BCE. Xinchou marks the beginning of Yuanfeng in the reign of Emperor Zhao, 80 BCE. Dingwei marks the beginning of Yuanping in the reign of Emperor Zhao, 74 BCE, when Emperor Zhao died in that year. Wushen marks the beginning of the first year of Benshi in the reign of Emperor Xuandi of the Han dynasty, 73 BCE. Renzi marks the beginning of Dijie in the reign of Emperor Xuandi, 69 BCE. Bingchen marks the beginning of Yuankang in the reign of Emperor Xuandi, 65 BCE. Gengshen marks the beginning of Shenjue in the reign of Emperor Xuandi, 61 BCE. Guihai is the fourth year of Shenjue. The one hundred and eighty-sixth cycle is thus completed with a total of three hundred and sixty years.

皇極經世書卷四中。觀物篇二十一，以會經運九。經日之甲一，經月之午七。經星之庚一百八十七。經辰之子二千二百三十三：甲子，五鳳。乙丑二、丙寅三、丁卯四、戊辰，甘露。己巳二、庚午三、辛未四、壬申，黃龍。癸酉，漢元帝初元。甲戌二、乙亥三、丙子四、丁丑五、戊寅，永光。己卯二、庚辰三、辛巳四、壬午五、癸未建昭。甲申二、乙酉三、丙戌四、丁亥五、戊子，竟寧。己丑，漢成帝建始。庚寅二、辛卯三、壬辰四、癸巳，河平。

This is the beginning of Volume Four of The Supreme Principles Governing the World. It is the twenty-first chapter of the "Observing Things" section, the ninth chapter of "Using the Convergence of the Great Cycle," recording the 187th cycle, still belonging to the seventh division of the first great cycle, the午会, which includes the 2,233rd to 2,244th generations, totaling 360 years, corresponding to the period from 57 BCE to 303 CE, spanning the late Western Han Dynasty, the Xin Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Three Kingdoms period up to the unification under the Jin Dynasty. The 2,233rd generation, the子世, starts from Jiazi to Gui Si, corresponding to the period from 57 BCE to 28 BCE. The Jiazi cycle begins with "Wufeng," referring to the first year of Wufeng in the reign of Emperor Xuandi of Han; the Wuchen cycle begins with "Ganlu," 53 BCE; the Renshen cycle begins with "Huanglong," 49 BCE, the year of Emperor Xuandi's death. The Guiyou cycle is titled "Hanyu Chuyuan," referring to the first year of Chuyuan in the reign of Emperor Yuan of Han, 48 BCE; the Wuyin cycle begins with "Yongguang," 43 BCE; the Guiwei cycle begins with "Jianzhao," 38 CE; the Wuzi cycle begins with "Jingning," 33 CE, the year of Emperor Yuan's death. The Jichou cycle is titled "Hancheng Jiashi," referring to the first year of Jiashi in the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, 32 CE; the Guisi cycle begins with "HePing," 28 BCE.

經辰之丑二千二百三十四：甲午二、乙未三、丙申四、丁酉，陽朔。戊戌二、己亥三、庚子四、辛丑，鴻嘉。壬寅二、癸卯三、甲辰四、乙巳，永始。丙午二、丁未三、戊申四、己酉，元延。庚戌二、辛亥三、壬子四、癸丑，綏和。甲寅二、乙卯，漢哀帝建平。丙辰二、丁巳三、戊午四、己未五，元壽。庚申六、辛酉，漢平帝元始。壬戌二、癸亥三。

The second thousand and twenty-fourth era is the era of Chou. It spans from Jiawu to Guihai, covering the period from 27 BCE to 3 CE. Jiawu corresponds to the second year of HePing of Emperor Cheng of the Han dynasty. Dingyou marks the beginning of Yangshuo, 24 BCE; Xinchou marks the beginning of Hongjia, 20 BCE; Yisi marks the beginning of Yongshi, 16 BCE; Jiyou marks the beginning of Yuanyan, 12 BCE; and Guichou marks the beginning of Sihuo, 8 BCE, when Emperor Cheng died in the second year of Sihuo. Yimao marks the beginning of the first year of Jianping of Emperor Ai of the Han dynasty, which is 6 BCE; the following years are counted in the reign of Emperor Ai. Jiwei is the fifth year, which is 2 BCE, when the era was changed to Yuanshou. Gengshen is the sixth year, which is 1 BCE, when Emperor Ai died. Xinyou marks the beginning of the first year of Yuanshi of Emperor Ping of the Han dynasty, which is 1 CE, the first year in the Common Era recorded in the table. Renxu is the second year of Yuanshi, and Guihai is the third year.

經辰之寅二千二百三十五：甲子四、乙丑五、丙寅，漢孺子居攝。丁卯二、戊辰，初始。己巳，漢王莽稱新室，改建國元年。庚午二、辛未三、壬申四、癸酉五、甲戌，天鳳。乙亥二、丙子三、丁丑四、戊寅五、己卯六、庚辰，地皇。辛巳二、壬午三、癸未，劉玄稱更始。甲申，漢光武帝封蕭王。乙酉二稱帝稱建武。丙戌三、丁亥四、戊子五、己丑六、庚寅七、辛卯八、壬辰九、癸巳十。

The era of Yín is the 2,235th generation, spanning from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years 4 to 33 CE, a period of transition between the Western Han and Eastern Han dynasties. Jiazi corresponds to the fourth year of Emperor Ping of the Western Han, Yuanshi 4. Bingyin marks the beginning of the "Han Shushizi Juyi" era, which refers to the first year of Juyi of Shushizi, Emperor Yings, in 6 CE, when Wang Mang began to rule as regent emperor. Wuchen marks the beginning of the "Chuxi" era in 8 CE. In the year Jisi, which is 9 CE, Wang Mang declared himself the founder of the Xin dynasty and began the "JianGuo" era, marking the end of the Western Han dynasty. Jiaxu marks the beginning of the "Tianfeng" era in 14 CE. Gengchen marks the beginning of the "Dihuang" era in 20 CE. Guwei corresponds to 23 CE, when Liu Xuan was proclaimed emperor and the "Gengshi" era began, leading to the fall of the Xin dynasty. Jiashen corresponds to 24 CE, when the Gengshi Emperor granted Liu Xiu the title of Xiao Wang, and from this point onward, the title "Han Guangwu Emperor" was used, starting the count from this year. The following year, Yiyou, which is the second year, saw Liu Xiu proclaim himself emperor at Hao Nan, beginning the "Jianwu" era in 25 CE, marking the founding of the Eastern Han dynasty. The subsequent year, Bingxu, is the third year, and the years are counted sequentially up to Guisi, which is the tenth year, corresponding to 33 CE.

經辰之卯二千二百三十六：甲午十一、乙未十二、丙申十三、丁酉十四、戊戌十五、己亥十六、庚子十七、辛丑十八、壬寅十九、癸卯二十、甲辰二十一、乙巳二十二、丙午二十三、丁未二十四、戊申二十五、己酉二十六、庚戌二十七、辛亥二十八、壬子二十九、癸丑三十、甲寅三十一、乙卯三十二、丙辰，中元。丁巳二、戊午，漢明帝永平。己未二、庚申三、辛酉四、壬戌五、癸亥六。

The second thousand and twenty-third generation begins with Jiawu and ends with Guihai, spanning from the years 34 to 63 AD. The starting year Jiawu corresponds to the eleventh year of Emperor Guangwu's reign, which is the tenth year of the Jianwu era, 34 AD. Counting sequentially, Yimao is the thirty-second year, 55 AD. Bingchen marks the beginning of the Zhongyuan era, the first year of the Zhongyuan period, 56 AD, when Emperor Guangwu performed the ceremony of worshiping at Mount Tai. Dingsi is the second year of the Zhongyuan era, the year Emperor Guangwu died. Wuwu marks the beginning of the Yongping era of Emperor Huanwu, the first year of the Yongping era, 58 AD. Jiwei is the second year of Yongping, and continuing in order, Guihai is the sixth year of Yongping. Emperor Guangwu reigned for thirty-three years and was posthumously honored as Emperor Taizu. The reigns of Emperor Guangwu and Emperor Huanwu are collectively known as "Guangwu Zhongxing" and "Mingzhang Zhizhi," respectively, and the Han dynasty was at its peak during this period.

經辰之辰二千二百三十七：甲子七、乙丑八、丙寅九、丁卯十、戊辰十一、己巳十二、庚午十三、辛未十四、壬申十五、癸酉十六、甲戌十七、乙亥十八、丙子，漢章帝建初。丁丑二、戊寅三、己卯四、庚辰五、辛巳六、壬午七、癸未八、甲申，元和。乙酉二、丙戌三、丁亥，章和。戊子二、己丑，漢和帝永元。庚寅二、辛卯三、壬辰四、癸巳五。

The Chén world is the two thousand two hundred and thirty-seventh world, from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years 64 to 93 CE. Jiazi was the seventh year of the Yongping era of Emperor Ming of the Han dynasty; the Yongping era lasted eighteen years, ending with Yihai in 75 CE. Bingzi began the era of Jianchu under Emperor Zhang, which was the first year of Jianchu, 76 CE; Jiashen began the era of Yuanhe, 84 CE; Dinghai began the era of Zhanghe, 87 CE, and Emperor Zhang died in the second year of Zhanghe. Jichou began the era of Yongyuan under Emperor He, which was the first year of Yongyuan, 89 CE; Gengyin was the second year of Yongyuan, and so on up to Guisi, which was the fifth year of Yongyuan. During this world, events such as Ban Zhao's administration of the Western Regions, Ban Biao's compilation of the Book of Han, and the conference on the White Tiger Treatise took place, but these are not recorded in the table; only the era names and their sequence numbers are indicated.

經辰之巳二千二百三十八：甲午六、乙未七、丙申八、丁酉九、戊戌十、己亥十一、庚子十二、辛丑十三、壬寅十四、癸卯十五、甲辰十六、乙巳十七，元興。丙午，漢殤帝延平。丁未，漢安帝永初。戊申二、己酉三、庚戌四、辛亥五、壬子六、癸丑七、甲寅，元初。乙卯二、丙辰三、丁巳四、戊午五、己未六、庚申，永寧。辛酉，建元。壬戌，延光。癸亥二。

The fourth dynasty is the two thousand and twenty-third dynasty. From Jiawu to Guihai, it spans from the year 94 to 123 AD. Jiawu corresponds to the sixth year of the Yongyuan era of Emperor He of the Han dynasty. After the seventeenth year of Yongyuan, in the year 105 AD, Emperor He died, and the era name was changed to "Yuanxing." In the year 106 AD, the era name was changed to "Yanping" of Emperor Shang of the Han dynasty, which was the first year of Emperor Shang's reign, but he died before the year was completed. In the year 107 AD, the era name was changed to "Yongchu" of Emperor An of the Han dynasty, which was the first year of Emperor An's reign. In the year 114 AD, the era name was changed to "Yuanchu." In the year 120 AD, the era name was changed to "Yongning." In the year 121 AD, the era name was changed to "Jianyuan," but according to historical records, Emperor An actually changed the era name to "Jianguang" that year, which was likely a mistake in the carved text due to similarity in appearance. In the year 122 AD, the era name was changed to "Yuan Guang," and the year Guihai was the second year of the "Yuan Guang" era. From Emperor He and Emperor Shang onwards, the Han dynasty saw young emperors ascending the throne, with empress dowagers ruling in their place, and alternating power between the maternal relatives and eunuchs, indicating the beginning of decline.

經辰之午二千二百三十九：甲子三、乙丑四、丙寅，漢順帝永建。丁卯二、戊辰三、己巳四、庚午五、辛未六、壬申，陽嘉。癸酉二、甲戌三、乙亥四、丙子，永和。丁丑二、戊寅三、己卯四、庚辰五、辛巳六、壬午，漢安。癸未二、甲申，建康。乙酉，漢沖帝永嘉。丙戌，漢質帝本初。丁亥，漢桓帝建和。戊子二、己丑三、庚寅，和平。辛卯，元嘉。壬辰二、癸巳，永興。

The fifth world corresponds to the 2,239th era, from the next Jiazi following Jiawu up to Guisi, covering the years 124 to 153 CE. Jiazi corresponds to the third year of Han Emperor An's Yanyang reign. Bingyin is changed to "Yongjian" of Han Emperor Shun, which is the first year of Yongjian, 126 CE. Renshen begins with Yangjia, 132 CE. Bingzi begins with Yonghe, 136 CE. Renwu begins with Han Emperor An's reign, 142 CE. Jiashen begins with Jiankang, 144 CE, when Emperor Shun died that year. Yiyou is changed to "Yongjia" of Han Emperor Chong, 145 CE, when Emperor Chong ascended the throne at the age of two and died at three. Bingxu is changed to "Benchu" of Han Emperor Zhi, 146 CE, when Emperor Zhi was poisoned to death by General Liang Ji. Dinghai is changed to "Jianhe" of Han Emperor Huan, 147 CE; Gengyin begins with Pinghe, 150 CE; Xinmao begins with Yuangya, 151 CE; and Guisi begins with Yongxing, 153 CE. Within one era, three emperors succeeded each other, and the era names changed as frequently as horses galloping. The chaos of the Eastern Han dynasty is clearly visible in these successive era names.

經辰之未二千二百四十：甲午二、乙未，永壽。丙申二、丁酉三、戊戌，延熹。己亥、庚子三、辛丑四、壬寅五、癸卯六、甲辰七、乙巳八、丙午九、丁未，永康。戊申，漢靈帝建寧。己酉二、庚戌三、辛亥四、壬子，熹平。癸丑三、甲寅三、乙卯四、丙辰五、丁巳六、戊午，光和。己未二、庚申三、辛酉四、壬戌五、癸亥六。

The sixth world is the two thousand and twenty-fourth world, from Jiawu to Guihai, corresponding to the years 154 to 183 AD. Jiawu is the second year of the Yongxing period of Emperor Huan of the Han dynasty. Yiwei begins the Yongshou period, which started in 155 AD. Wuxu begins the Yanyi period, which started in 158 AD. The Yanyi period lasted nine years, during which the Party Persecution Incident occurred. Dingwei begins the Yongkang period, which started in 167 AD, the year Emperor Huan died. Wushen changes to the first year of the Jianning period of Emperor Ling, which started in 168 AD. Renzi begins the Xiping period, which started in 172 AD, and in the fourth year of Xiping, the stone classics were established in the Taixue. Wuwu begins the Guanghe period, which started in 178 AD. Guihai is the sixth year of Guanghe, which was 183 AD. The sequence of this world has two errors: the second year of Yanyi, which is Ji Hai, is missing the years, and under Xiping, the entries for Guichou and Jiayin are both marked as three. It should be that Guichou is two years and Jiayin is three years.

經辰之申二千二百四十一：甲子，中平。乙丑二、丙寅三、丁卯四、戊辰五、己巳，光熹，又昭又寧，永漢。庚午，漢獻帝初平。辛未二、壬申三、癸酉四、甲戌，興平。乙亥二、丙子，建安。丁丑二、戊寅三、己卯四、庚辰五、辛巳六、壬午七、癸未八、甲申九、乙酉十、丙戌十一、丁亥十二、戊子十三、己丑十四、庚寅十五、辛卯十六、壬辰十七、癸巳十八。

The Shēn dynasty is the two thousand two hundred forty-first dynasty, spanning from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years 184 to 213 AD. The Jiazi era began with the "Zhongping" era, which was the first year of Zhongping during the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, in 184 AD. This was the year when Zhang Jiao raised an army and the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out, causing great chaos throughout the country. The Jisi era corresponds to 189 AD, a year in which three different era names were changed within a single year: after Emperor Ling's death, Emperor Shao, Liu Bian, was enthroned and the era was changed to Guangxi, then to Zhao Ning. Later, Dong Zhuo deposed Emperor Shao and enthroned Emperor Xian, changing the era again to Yonghan. The official document used the six characters "Guangxi, Zhao Ning, Yonghan" to record the turmoil of that year. The Gengwu era was changed to "Han Emperor Xian's Chuping" era, which was the first year of Chuping during the reign of Emperor Xian, in 190 AD, when the warlords in the eastern part of the country rose up against Dong Zhuo. The Jiaxu era began with Xingping, in 194 AD; the Bingzi era began with Jian'an, in 196 AD, when Cao Cao brought Emperor Xian to the capital Xu, marking the start of the Jian'an era, which lasted for twenty-five years. This dynasty reached Guisi in the eighteenth year of Jian'an, in 213 AD, which was the year when Cao Cao was granted the title of Duke of Wei.

經辰之酉二千二百四十二：甲午十九、乙未二十、丙申二十一、丁酉二十二、戊戌二十三、己亥二十四。經辰之戌二千二百四十三。經辰之亥二千二百四十四。

The Youshi era corresponds to the 2,242nd generation, which should have begun from Jiawu and proceeded to Jihai, covering the years from 214 to 243 AD. However, the table only lists the first six entries: Jiawu corresponds to the 19th year of Jian'an, 214 AD; following in order, Jihai is the 24th year of Jian'an, 219 AD, the year when Guan Yu was defeated and died, and Cao Cao, having already become the Duke of Wei, was in his later years. The next entry, Gengzi, corresponds to 220 AD, the year when Cao Pi succeeded the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era began. However, the table abruptly stops here, leaving the next twenty-four years blank. The subsequent Xushih era, the 2,243rd generation (244–273 AD), and Haishi era, the 2,244th generation (274–303 AD), only have the era names and general numbers, with no entries for the heavenly stems and earthly branches. The 187th cycle ends here, and the period of the Three Kingdoms and Western Jin is left blank in the original text, likely due to a loss during transmission.

觀物篇二十二，以會經運十。經日之甲一，經月之午七。經星之辛一百八十八。經辰之子二千二百四十五。經辰之丑二千二百四十六。經辰之寅二千二百四十七。經辰之卯二千二百四十八。經辰之辰二千二百四十九。經辰之巳二千二百五十。經辰之午二千二百五十一。經辰之未二千二百五十二。經辰之申二千二百五十三。經辰之酉二千二百五十四。

The twenty-second chapter of the "Observing Things" section is the tenth chapter of "using the convergence of the classics to govern the era," recording the 188th era, which includes the 2,245th to 2,256th generations, totaling 360 years, corresponding to the years 304 to 663 CE. The first ten generations of this era only list the generation names and general numbers without the stem-branch combinations: the Zi generation, starting from the 2,245th generation in 304 CE, ends with the You generation, the 2,254th generation in 603 CE, spanning 300 years. These 300 years correspond to the period of the Five Humors and the Sixteen Kingdoms, the migration of the Eastern Jin to the south, the confrontation between the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the unification by Emperor Wen of the Sui. The original text has no characters assigned, and this gap is similar to the missing text at the end of the previous era. The table resumes recording years and months only in the next generation, the Xu generation.

經辰之戌二千二百五十五：甲子，隋煬帝。乙丑二，大業。丙寅三、丁卯四、戊辰五、己巳六、庚午七、辛未八、壬申九、癸酉十、甲戌十一、乙亥十二、丙子十三、丁丑，隋亡帝侑義寧。戊寅，唐高祖武德。己卯二、庚辰三、辛巳四、壬午五、癸未六、甲申七、乙酉八、丙戌，唐太宗。丁亥二，貞觀。戊子三、己丑四、庚寅五、辛卯六、壬辰七、癸巳八。

The 2255th generation is the Xuxi generation, spanning from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years 604 to 633 CE, which marks the transition from the Sui to the Tang dynasty. From this generation onward, the original text was revised to list one stem-branch pair per year, each entry including the year number and the emperor's title and era name. The Jiazi entry is titled "Sui Yangdi," referring to 604 CE, the year when Sui Wen帝 died and Yangdi ascended the throne. The Yichou entry is the second year, with the era name "Daye," corresponding to 605 CE, when the Grand Canal was started and the three expeditions against Goguryeo began, leading to widespread chaos across the land. The Dingchou entry is titled "Sui亡帝 You Yining," referring to 617 CE, when Li Yuan entered Chang'an, established Dabang Wang Yang You as emperor, and changed the era name to Yining. "Wangdi" refers to the fact that the Sui dynasty had already ended. The Wuyin entry is titled "Tang Gaozu Wude," referring to the first year of Tang Gaozu Wude, 618 CE, when Li Yuan accepted the imperial mandate and became emperor, marking the founding of the Tang dynasty. The Bingxu entry is titled "Tang Taizong," referring to 626 CE, when Taizong ascended the throne after the Xuanwu Gate Incident. The Dinghai entry is the second year, with the era name "Zhen'gao," corresponding to 627 CE. The Wuzi entry is the third year, continuing in sequence until the Guisi entry, which is the eighth year, corresponding to 633 CE.

經辰之亥二千二百五十六：甲午九、乙未十、丙申十一、丁酉十二、戊戌十三、己亥十四、庚子十五、辛丑十六、壬寅十七、癸卯十八、甲辰十九、乙巳二十、丙午二十一、丁未二十二、戊申二十三、己酉二十四、庚戌，唐高宗永徽。辛亥二、壬子三、癸丑四、甲寅五、乙卯六、丙辰七，顯慶。丁巳八、戊午九、己未十、庚申十一、辛酉十二，龍朔。壬戌十三、癸亥十四。

The Hài world is the two thousand and twenty-sixth world, also the last world of the one hundred and eighty-eighth cycle, spanning from Jiawu to Guihai, corresponding to the years 634 to 663 AD. Jiawu is the ninth year of Emperor Taizong of Tang, which is the eighth year of the Zhen Guan era, 634 AD. The sequence number is counted from the year Taizong ascended the throne, so it is one year behind the Zhen Guan era. Taizong reigned for twenty-four years, ending at Jiyou, which is 649 AD. Gengxu is changed to the first year of the Yonghui era under Emperor Gaozong, which is 650 AD; the sequence number continues to count the years of Gaozong's reign. Bingchen is the seventh year, when the era name was changed to Xianqing, which is 656 AD; Xinyou is the twelfth year, when the era name was changed to Longshuo, which is 661 AD; Guihai is the fourteenth year, which is 663 AD. The Zhen Guan era and the Yonghui era are connected, marking the peak of the Tang dynasty's power.

皇極經世書卷四下。觀物篇二十三，以會經運十一。經日之甲一，經月之午七。經星之壬一百八十九。經辰之子二千二百五十七：甲子十五，麟德。乙丑十六、丙寅十七，乾封。丁卯十八、戊辰十九，總章。己巳二十、庚午二十一，咸亨。辛未二十二、壬申二十三、癸酉二十四、甲戌二十五，上元。乙亥二十六、丙子二十七，儀鳳。丁丑二十八、戊寅二十九、己卯三十，調露。庚辰三十一，永隆。辛巳三十二，開耀。壬午三十三，永淳。癸未三十四，弘道。甲申，唐中宗嗣聖，武后廢帝為廬陵王，遷之均，立豫章王旦，改元文明，再改元光宅。乙酉二，武后徙帝於房陵，改元垂拱。丙戌三、丁亥四、戊子五、己丑六，武后改元永昌。庚寅七，武后改元載初，又改國為周，元曰天授，豫章王旦為皇嗣。辛卯八、壬辰九，武后改元如意，再改長壽。癸巳十。

This is the beginning of Volume Four of The Supreme Principles Governing the World. It is the twenty-third section of the "Observing Things" chapter, the eleventh section under the theme "coinciding with the great cycle," recording the 189th great cycle, which includes the 2,257th to 2,268th generations, totaling 360 years, corresponding to the years 664 to 1023 CE. The first generation, the 2,257th, spans from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years 664 to 693 CE. Jiazi is the fifteenth year of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, known as the Linede era, 664 CE. Following this, the ten reign titles of the subsequent years are listed in order: Ganfeng, Zongzhang, Xianheng, Shangyuan, Yifeng, Diaolü, Yonglong, Kaiyao, Yongchun, and Hongdao. Guiwei corresponds to the thirty-fourth year of Emperor Taizong, the first year of the Hongdao era, 683 CE, the year when Emperor Taizong died. Jia Shen corresponds to 684 CE, marked in the table as "the continuation of Emperor Zhongzong's reign," with a long annotation detailing the events: Empress Wu had Emperor Zhongzong deposed and made him the Prince of Luling, then sent him to the state of Junzhou, and installed Prince Yuzhang, Li Dan, as emperor, first changing the era name to Wenming, then to Guangzhi. Yi You corresponds to the next year, 685 CE, when Empress Wu again exiled Emperor Zhongzong to Fangling and changed the era name to Chui Gong. Jichou corresponds to the sixth year, 689 CE, when the era name was changed to Yongchang. Geng Yin corresponds to the seventh year, 690 CE, when Empress Wu changed the era name to Zai Chu and immediately changed the state name to Zhou, establishing the era name Tian Shou. She reduced Prince Yuzhang, Li Dan, to the title of Imperial Successor, marking the end of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty under Empress Wu. Ren Chen corresponds to the ninth year, 692 CE, when the era name was first changed to Ruyi and then to Changle. Gui Si corresponds to the tenth year, 693 CE. It is important to note that the numbering in the table still starts from the continuation of Emperor Zhongzong's reign, clearly indicating that Shao Yong did not recognize the Zhou Dynasty as legitimate, but instead recorded it as a change within the Tang Dynasty.

經辰之丑二千二百五十八：甲午十一，武后改元延載。乙未十二，武后改元證聖，再改天冊萬歲。丙申十三，武后改元萬歲登封，再改萬歲通天。丁酉十四，武后改元神功。戊戌十五，武后改元聖歷，召帝房陵復政。己亥十六、庚子十七，武后改元久視。辛丑十八，武后改元大足，再改元長安。壬寅十九、癸卯二十、甲辰二十一、乙巳二十二，武后改元神龍。丙午二十三、丁未二十四，景龍。戊申二十五、己酉二十六、庚戌，唐睿宗景雲。辛亥二、壬子，唐玄宗先天。癸丑二，開元。甲寅三、乙卯四、丙辰五、丁巳六、戊午七、己未八、庚申九、辛酉十、壬戌十一、癸亥十二。

The second thousand and twenty-eighth dynasty began in the year Jiawu, corresponding to the year 694 AD, and ended in the year Guihai, corresponding to the year 723 AD. The sequence continues from the lineage of Zhongzong's successor. Jiawu was the eleventh year, 694 AD, when Wu Zhou changed the era name to Yanzai. In the second year, Yiwei, she changed it to Zhengsheng, then to Tiancaiwansui, in 695 AD. In the third year, Bingshen, she changed it to Wan Su Dengfeng, then to Wan Su Tongtian, in 696 AD. In the fourth year, Dingyou, she changed it to Shen Gong, in 697 AD. Wuxu was the fifteenth year, 698 AD, when Wu Zhou changed the era name to Shengli and summoned Zhongzong back from Fangling to the capital, restoring his position as crown prince. The text mentions "Summoning the Emperor from Fangling and restoring the government." In the seventh year, Gengzi, she changed it to Jiushi, in 700 AD. In the eighth year, Xinchou, she changed it to Dazhu, then to Chang'an, in 701 AD. Yisi was the twenty-second year, 705 AD, when Wu Zhou changed the era name to Shenlong, which was the year when Zhang Jianzhi and others launched a coup, forcing Wu Zhou to abdicate and Zhongzong to restore the throne, marking the end of the Wu Zhou dynasty. In the seventh year, Dingwei, she changed it to Jinglong, in 707 AD. In the ninth year, Gengxu, the era name was changed to "Tang Ruizong Jingyun," in 710 AD, when Wei Hou poisoned Zhongzong, and Li Longji, the Prince of Lingzhi, rose up against her, and Ruizong was enthroned. In the eleventh year, Renzi, the era name was changed to "Tang Xuanzong Xiantian," in 712 AD. In the twelfth year, Guichou, the era name was changed to Kaiyuan, in 713 AD. From then on, the years were listed in order until Guihai, the twelfth year, in 723 AD.

經辰之寅二千二百五十九：甲子十三、乙丑十四、丙寅十五、丁卯十六、戊辰十七、己巳十八、庚午十九、辛未二十、壬申二十一、癸酉二十二、甲戌二十三、乙亥二十四、丙子二十五，楊妃入宮。丁丑二十六、戊寅二十七、己卯二十八、庚辰二十九、辛巳三十、壬午三十一，天寶。癸未三十二、甲申三十三、乙酉三十四、丙戌三十五、丁亥三十六、戊子三十七、己丑三十八、庚寅三十九、辛卯四十、壬辰四十一、癸巳四十二。

The Yin era corresponds to the 2,259th generation. It spans from Jiazi to Guisi, covering the years from 724 to 753 AD. The entire thirty-year period falls within the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty. The count begins from the first year of Xuanzong's reign, known as the Xian Tian era. Jiazi is the 13th year, which corresponds to the 12th year of the Kaiyuan era, 724 AD. Bingzi is the 25th year, 736 AD, marking an important historical event: Yang Fei entered the palace, referring to Yang Yuhuan being favored by Emperor Xuanzong and later ennobled as the Consort Yang. Shao Yong highlighted this event as a pivotal moment in the decline of the Tang dynasty, implying that the root of the An Lushan Rebellion originated in this year. Renwu is the 31st year, when the era name was changed to Tianbao, 742 AD. Subsequently, the years are listed in order until Guisi, which is the 42nd year, 753 AD. The peak of the Kaiyuan era and the decadence of the late Tianbao period are both included within the thirty grids of this era.

經辰之卯二千二百六十：甲午四十三、乙未四十四、丙申，唐肅宗至德。丁酉二、戊戌三，乾元。己亥四、庚子五，上元。辛丑六、壬寅七，寶應。癸卯，唐代宗廣德。甲辰二、乙巳三，永泰。丙午四，大曆。丁未五、戊申六、己酉七、庚戌八、辛亥九、壬子十、癸丑十一、甲寅十二、乙卯十三、丙辰十四、丁巳十五、戊午十六、己未十七、庚申，唐德宗建中。辛酉二、壬戌三、癸亥四。

The second thousand and twenty-sixth generation is the卯世, spanning from Jiawu to Guihai, corresponding to the years 754 to 783 CE. Jiawu is the forty-third year of Xuanzong, which is the thirteenth year of the Tianbao era, 754 CE; Yisi is the forty-fourth year, 755 CE, when An Lushan raised his rebellion in Fanyang in winter of that year. Bingshen marks the change to the "Zhidé" era under Emperor Suzong, 756 CE, when Xuanzong fled to Sichuan and the crown prince Li Heng ascended the throne in Lingwu, initiating the Zhidé era. Wuxu marks the change to the "Ganyuan" era, 758 CE; Gengzi marks the change to the "Shangyuan" era, 760 CE; Rennyin marks the change to the "Baoying" era, 762 CE, when both Xuanzong and Suzong died. Guimao marks the change to the "Guangde" era under Emperor Daizong, 763 CE, the year when Shi Chaoyi died and the Anshi Rebellion was quelled, but the Tibetans briefly captured Chang'an. Yisi marks the change to the "Yongtai" era, 765 CE; Bingwu marks the change to the "Dali" era, 766 CE, after which the situation of regional warlords became established. Gengshen marks the change to the "Jianzhong" era under Emperor Dezong, 780 CE, the same year when the dual taxation system was implemented; Xinyou is the second year, and Guihai is the fourth year, 783 CE, when the Jingyuan mutiny occurred that year.

經辰之辰二千二百六十一：甲子五，興元。乙丑六，貞元。丙寅七、丁卯八、戊辰九、己巳十、庚午十一、辛未十二、壬申十三、癸酉十四、甲戌十五、乙亥十六、丙子十七、丁丑十八、戊寅十九、己卯二十、庚辰二十一、辛巳二十二、壬午二十三、癸未二十四、甲申二十五、乙酉二十六，順宗不及年，永貞。丙戌，唐憲宗元和。丁亥二、戊子三、己丑四、庚寅五、辛卯六、壬辰七、癸巳八。

The Chén dynasty is the 2,261st dynasty, spanning from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years 774 to 813 CE. Jiazi was the fifth year of Emperor Dezong of Tang, when he changed the era name to Xingyuan, and in 774 CE, Emperor Dezong fled to Fengtian to avoid chaos and later returned to the capital. In Yichou, he changed the era name to Zhenyuan, and the Zhenyuan era lasted twenty-one years. The table lists each year in sequence, with Yiyou being the twenty-sixth year, which corresponds to 805 CE. Yiyou refers to the six words "Shunzong reigned for a short time, Yongzhen," meaning that after Emperor Dezong's death, Emperor Shunzong ascended the throne and changed the era name to Yongzhen, but he reigned less than a year before abdicating due to illness, leading to the failure of the Yongzhen reforms, hence the phrase "reigned for a short time." In Bingxu, the era name was changed to "Tang Xianzong Yuanhe," referring to the first year of Xianzong's Yuanhe era in 806 CE. Dinghai was the second year, and continuing in order, Guisi was the eighth year, corresponding to 813 CE. Xianzong suppressed the Huaixi region and various warlords gradually submitted, and this period is known as the "Yuanhe Revival."

經辰之巳二千二百六十二：甲午九、乙未十、丙申十一、丁酉十二、戊戌十三、己亥十四、庚子十五、辛丑，唐穆宗長慶。壬寅二、癸卯三、甲辰四、乙巳，唐敬宗寶曆。丙午二、丁未，唐文宗太和。戊申二、己酉三、庚戌四、辛亥五、壬子六、癸丑七、甲寅八、乙卯九、丙辰十、丁巳十一、戊午十二、己未十三、庚申十四、辛酉，唐武宗會昌。壬戌二、癸亥三。

The fourth era, Yisi, corresponds to the 2,262nd dynasty, spanning from Jiawu to Guihai, covering the years 814 to 843 CE. Jiawu corresponds to the ninth year of Emperor Xianzong of Tang, the ninth year of the Wenhui era, 814 CE. The Wenhui era lasted fifteen years, ending in Gengzi, 820 CE, when Emperor Xianzong was assassinated by eunuchs. In Xinchou, the era title changed to Changqing of Emperor Muzong, 821 CE. In Yisi, it changed to Baoli of Emperor Jingzong, 825 CE. Emperor Jingzong reigned for two years and was also assassinated by eunuchs. In Dingwei, the era title changed to Tahe of Emperor Wenzong, 827 CE. During Emperor Wenzong's reign, there was the Ganlu Incident, an attempt to eliminate the eunuchs which failed, and the emperor was ultimately controlled by his servants. In Xinyou, the era title changed to Huichang of Emperor Wuzong, 841 CE. Renxu was the second year, and Guihai the third year, 843 CE. From Emperor Muzong onwards, eunuchs frequently deposed and installed emperors, while factions fought each other continuously, and the Tang dynasty had already reached a point of no return.

經辰之午二千二百六十三：甲子四、乙丑五、丙寅六、丁卯，唐宣宗大中。戊辰二、己巳三、庚午四、辛未五、壬申六、癸酉七、甲戌八、乙亥九、丙子十、丁丑十一、戊寅十二、己卯十三、庚辰，唐懿宗咸通。辛巳二、壬午三、癸未四、甲申五、乙酉六、丙戌七、丁亥八、戊子九、己丑十、庚寅十一、辛卯十二、壬辰十三、癸巳十四。

The 2263rd dynasty is the "Wushì" dynasty, spanning from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years 844 to 873 AD. Jiazi corresponds to the fourth year of Emperor Wuzong's reign, the "Hui Chang" period, in 844 AD. In the fifth year of Hui Chang, there was a campaign against Buddhism, and Emperor Wuzong died in the sixth year of Hui Chang. In the year Dingmao, the era name was changed to "Dazhong" of Emperor Xuanzong, which was the first year of the "Dazhong" period in 847 AD. Emperor Xuanzong was known for his efforts to rectify official conduct and to recover the regions of Hehuang. He was temporarily called the "Little Taizong" and reigned for thirteen years, ending in the year Jimao, which was 859 AD. In the year Gengchen, the era name was changed to "Xiantong" of Emperor Yizong, which was the first year of the "Xiantong" period in 860 AD. Xinsi was the second year, and the years were sequentially numbered up to Guisi, which was the fourteenth year, in 873 AD, when Emperor Yizong died that year. Emperor Yizong was extravagant and indulgent, and the Pongxun Rebellion began in Xuzhou, accelerating the decline of the Tang dynasty.

經辰之未二千二百六十四：甲午，唐僖宗乾符。乙未二、丙申三，王仙芝陷淮南。丁酉四，黃巢陷沂鄆。戊戌五、己亥六、庚子七，廣明，黃巢陷兩京，稱齊，全統。辛丑八，中和。壬寅九、癸卯十，黃巢走藍關。甲辰十一、乙巳十二，光啟。經辰之申二千二百六十五。經辰之酉二千二百六十六。經辰之戌二千二百六十七。經辰之亥二千二百六十八。

The sixth world is the two thousand and twenty-sixth world, which should be arranged as Guihai, corresponding to the year 903 CE, but the table only lists up to the twelfth section. Jiawu is changed to "Tang Xizong Ganyu," meaning the first year of Xizong's Ganyu era, 874 CE. Bingshen corresponds to the third year, 876 CE, when Wang Xianzhi captured Huanan. Dingyou is the fourth year, 877 CE, when Huang Chao captured Yizhou and Yunzhou. Gengzi is the seventh year, changed to the era name Guangming, 880 CE, when Huang Chao captured the two capitals of Luoyang and Chang'an, Xizong fled to Sichuan, and Huang Chao proclaimed himself emperor, establishing the state name Daqi and the era name Jintong; the text "Quantong" is likely a miswriting of Jintong. Xinchou is the eighth year, changed to the era name Zhonghe, 881 CE. Guimao is the tenth year, 883 CE, when Huang Chao's forces were defeated and he withdrew from Chang'an, heading east through Lantian Pass. Yisi is the twelfth year, changed to the era name Guangqi, 885 CE, and the text stops here. The following sections, the second thousand and twenty-sixth world, the second thousand and twenty-seventh world, the second thousand and twenty-eighth world, and the second thousand and twenty-ninth world, correspond to the years 904 to 1023 CE, only listing the world names and general era names without the heavenly stem and earthly branch: the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, which span 120 years, are also blank in the original text. The 189th cycle is thus completed.

觀物篇二十四，以會經運十二。經日之甲一，經月之午七。經星之癸一百九十。經辰之子二千二百六十九。經辰之丑二千二百七十。經辰之寅二千二百七十一：甲子、乙丑、丙寅、丁卯、戊辰、己巳、庚午、辛未、壬申、癸酉、甲戌、乙亥、丙子、丁丑、戊寅、己卯、庚辰、辛巳、壬午、癸未、甲申、乙酉、丙戌、丁亥、戊子、己丑、庚寅、辛卯、壬辰、癸巳。

The twenty-fourth chapter of "Guānwù Piān" is the twelfth chapter of "yi hui jing yun," recording the 190th cycle, which includes the 2,269th to 2,280th generations, totaling 360 years, corresponding to the years 1024 to 1383 CE. The first two generations only have names and no dates: the 2,269th generation, "zi shi," corresponds to 1024 to 1053 CE, and the 2,270th generation, "chou shi," corresponds to 1054 to 1083 CE. These sixty years exactly coincide with the lifetime of Shao Yong, who was born in 1011 CE and died in 1077 CE. Historical events of this dynasty are supposed to be recorded in the original text, but they are entirely missing in the current version, clearly due to an omission. Starting from the 2,270th generation, "yin shi," the text lists the heavenly stems and earthly branches, from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years 1084 to 1113 CE. However, no characters are written below the years, because these years are after Shao Yong's death, and there were no historical records to compile. Therefore, the years were simply left blank in the table, waiting for future generations to fill in.

經辰之卯二千二百七十二：甲午、乙未、丙申、丁酉、戊戌、己亥、庚子、辛丑、壬寅、癸卯、甲辰、乙巳、丙午、丁未、戊申、己酉、庚戌、辛亥、壬子、癸丑、甲寅、乙卯、丙辰、丁巳、戊午、己未、庚申、辛酉、壬戌、癸亥。經辰之辰二千二百七十三：甲子、乙丑、丙寅、丁卯、戊辰、己巳、庚午、辛未、壬申、癸酉、甲戌、乙亥、丙子、丁丑、戊寅、己卯、庚辰、辛巳、壬午、癸未、甲申、乙酉、丙戌、丁亥、戊子、己丑、庚寅、辛卯、壬辰、癸巳。經辰之己二千二百七十四：甲午、乙未、丙申、丁酉、戊戌、己亥、庚子、辛丑、壬寅、癸卯、甲辰、乙巳、丙午、丁未、戊申、己酉、庚戌、辛亥、壬子、癸丑、甲寅、乙卯、丙辰、丁巳、戊午、己未、庚申、辛酉、壬戌、癸亥。

This refers to the fourth, fifth, and sixth generations of the 190th cycle. The second thousand two hundred and seventy-second generation, the卯 generation, spans from Jiawu to Guihai, corresponding to the years 1114 to 1143 CE; the second thousand two hundred and seventy-third generation, the辰 generation, spans from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years 1144 to 1173 CE; the next generation is titled "Jing Chen Zhi Ji" 2274, following the order of the twelve earthly branches, after Chen comes Si, so "Ji" is a mistake for "Si". This generation spans from Jiawu to Guihai, corresponding to the years 1174 to 1203 CE. The three generations total ninety years, only listing the heavenly stems and earthly branches without any events. In actual history, there were major events such as the Jingkang Incident, the southward migration of the Song Dynasty, and the Jin Dynasty's occupation of the Central Plains, but Shao Yong could not have known these in advance, hence the empty spaces. This clearly shows that the year table in the "Huang Ji Jing Shi" is first determined by numbers to establish the positions of the years, and then historical events are filled in, rather than historical events being used to fit the numbers. The starting heavenly stems of the three generations still alternate between Jiawu and Jiazi: the卯 generation starts with Jiawu, the辰 generation starts with Jiazi, and the巳 generation again starts with Jiawu, exactly the same as the arrangement in previous cycles. Since the year grid is determined by numbers, the presence or absence of events is not the responsibility of this table.

經辰之午二千二百七十五：甲子、乙丑、丙寅、丁卯、戊辰、己巳、庚午、辛未、壬申、癸酉、甲戌、乙亥、丙子、丁丑、戊寅、己卯、庚辰、辛巳、壬午、癸未、甲申、乙酉、丙戌、丁亥、戊子、己丑、庚寅、辛卯、壬辰、癸巳。經辰之未二千二百七十六：甲午、乙未、丙申、丁酉、戊戌、己亥、庚子、辛丑、壬寅、癸卯、甲辰、乙巳、丙午、丁未、戊申、己酉、庚戌、辛亥、壬子、癸丑、甲寅、乙卯、丙辰、丁巳、戊午、己未、庚申、辛酉、壬戌、癸亥。經辰之申二千二百七十七：甲子、乙丑、丙寅、丁卯、戊辰、己巳、庚午、辛未、壬申、癸酉、甲戌、乙亥、丙子、丁丑、戊寅、己卯、庚辰、辛巳、壬午、癸未、甲申、乙酉、丙戌、丁亥、戊子、己丑、庚寅、辛卯、壬辰、癸巳。

This refers to the seventh, eighth, and ninth generations of the 190th cycle. The fifth generation spans from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years 1204 to 1233 AD; the sixth generation spans from Jiawu to Guihai, corresponding to the years 1234 to 1263 AD; the seventh generation spans from Jiazi to Guisi, corresponding to the years 1264 to 1293 AD. All three generations only use the sixty Jiazi cycles for the years, alternating between Jiazi and Jiawu for each generation. The transition between two generations exactly completes one Jiazi cycle. The pattern of thirty years per generation and twelve generations per cycle has repeated twelve times. Readers can see Shao Yong's intention from this unchanging arrangement: historical events may be discontinuous, but the number of years is continuous. The years and months in heaven and earth have fixed numbers, and human affairs are merely the content filled within these fixed numbers. In actual history, during these ninety years, there were major events such as the rise of the Mongols, the fall of the Jin dynasty, the crisis of the Song dynasty, and finally the unification of the world after the fall of the Southern Song at Yashan. However, these events are not mentioned in the table. The rise and fall of the world two hundred years after Shao Yong's death were already predicted in his three lines of dry and branch symbols.

經辰之酉二千二百七十八：甲午、乙未、丙申、丁酉、戊戌、己亥、庚子、辛丑、壬寅、癸卯、甲辰、乙巳、丙午、丁未、戊申、己酉、庚戌、辛亥、壬子、癸丑、甲寅、乙卯、丙辰、丁巳、戊午、己未、庚申、辛酉、壬戌、癸亥。經辰之戌二千二百七十九：甲子、乙丑、丙寅、丁卯、戊辰、己巳、庚午、辛未、壬申、癸酉、甲戌、乙亥、丙子、丁丑、戊寅、己卯、庚辰、辛巳、壬午、癸未、甲申、乙酉、丙戌、丁亥、戊子、己丑、庚寅、辛卯、壬辰、癸巳。經辰之亥二千二百八十：甲午、乙未、丙申、丁酉、戊戌、己亥、庚子、辛丑、壬寅、癸卯、甲辰、乙巳、丙午、丁未、戊申、己酉、庚戌、辛亥、壬子、癸丑、甲寅、乙卯、丙辰、丁巳、戊午、己未、庚申、辛酉、壬戌、癸亥。

This is the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth generations of the one hundred and nineteenth cycle, also marking its conclusion. The eighth generation, starting from Jiawu to Guihai, spans from 1294 to 1323 AD; the ninth generation, starting from Jiazi to Guisi, spans from 1324 to 1353 AD; the tenth generation, starting from Jiawu to Guihai, spans from 1354 to 1383 AD. The twelve generations are now complete, and the one hundred and nineteenth cycle ends here after three hundred and sixty years. Since the one hundred and eightieth cycle, the chronological table has filled every position from 2577 BC to 1383 AD. The earlier part filled the imperial lineages and historical events of Yao, Shun, Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang; the later part, however, only has empty positions for the heavenly stems and earthly branches. Thus, this chronology shifts from recording past history to anticipating future numbers. In actual history, during these ninety years, the Yuan dynasty declined from its peak, and the Red Turbans rose up, and by the end of the tenth generation, Ming Taizu had already established his rule. These events occurred three hundred years after Shao Yong, so the table naturally has only empty spaces.