The亥 (Hai) cycle of the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches corresponds to 2244.

甲午　晉武帝十年，吳王皓十年。晉分幽州，城平州。乙未　晉改元咸寧，吳改元天冊。丙申　晉東西夷十七國內附。丁酉　晉四夷內附。吳改元天紀，將邵凱、夏祥逃入於晉。戊戌　吳將劉翻、祖始逃入於晉。己亥　晉命賈充督楊渾、琅玡王伸、王戎、胡奮、杜預、唐彬、王浚七將兵二十萬，伐吳。是年，汲人發魏襄王冢，得書七十五卷。

The year Jiawu was the tenth year of Emperor Wu of Jin's reign and the tenth year of King Sun Hao of Wu, corresponding to 274 CE. In Jin, the region of Youzhou was divided, and Pingzhou was established separately. In the year Yiwei (275 CE), Jin changed its era name to "Xianning," and Wu changed its era name to "Tiance." In the year Bingshen (276 CE), seventeen foreign states from the east and west submitted to the Jin dynasty. In the year Dingyou (277 CE), various barbarian tribes again submitted to Jin; Wu changed its era name to "Tianji," and Wu generals Shao Kai and Xia Xiang defected to Jin. In the year Wuxu (278 CE), Wu generals Liu Fan and Zu Shi also fled to Jin. King Sun Hao's rule was tyrannical, causing the people's hearts to disperse. In the year Jihai (279 CE), Emperor Wu of Jin ordered Jia Chong to command Wang Hun (the original text says Yang Hun), Prince Lángyá Wang Sima Zhu (the original text says Shen), Wang Rong, Hu Fen, Du Yu, Tang Bin, and Wang Jun, seven armies totaling 200,000 troops, to attack Wu. That same year, a person from Ji City dug up the tomb of King Xiangwang of Wei and discovered 75 scrolls of ancient bamboo books, known later as the "Jizhong Books." The "Zhu Shu Ji Nian" (Chronicles of the Bamboo Annals) originated from this discovery.

庚子　晉平吳，徙孫皓於洛陽，改元太康。辛丑。壬寅　東西夷二十九國修貢。山濤為司徒，衛瓘為司空。賈充卒。癸卯　孫皓卒。魏舒為司徒。甲辰　乙巳　丙午　丁未　戊申。己酉　汝南王亮為司馬，假黃鉞。庚戌　改元太熙。武帝崩，太子衷踐位，是謂惠帝，冊妃賈氏為皇后，改元永熙。葬武帝於峻陵。王渾為司徒，何邵為太師，裴楷為少師，和嶠為少保，王戎為少傅，衛瓘為太保，石鑑為司空。

In the Gengzi year (280 CE), the Jin dynasty destroyed Wu, moved Sun Hao to Luoyang, and changed the era name to "Tai Kang." The division since the end of the Han dynasty, lasting nearly a century, was thus reunified. In the Xinchou year (281 CE), there were no significant events. In the Rennyin year (282 CE), twenty-nine states from the east and west sent tributes; Shan Tao was appointed Grand Minister, Wei Gua was appointed Grand Marshal, and the powerful minister Jia Chong died. In the Guimao year (283 CE), Sun Hao died in Luoyang; Wei Shu was appointed Grand Minister. In the Jiachen and Yisi years (284-285 CE), and the Bingwu, Dingwei, and Wushen years (286-288 CE), there were no major events, which marked the peaceful era of Tai Kang. In the Jiyou year (289 CE), the Prince of Runan, Sima Liang, was appointed Grand Marshal and received the yellow钺. In the Gengxu year (290 CE), the era name was changed to "Tai Xi." Emperor Wu of Jin died, and his son Sima Zhong ascended the throne, becoming Emperor Hui of Jin. He appointed Jia Nanfeng as empress, changed the era name to "Yong Xi," and buried Emperor Wu in Junyang Mausoleum (the original text says Jun Mausoleum). The court appointed Wang Hun as Grand Minister, He Shao as Grand Teacher, Pei Kai as Junior Teacher, He Qiao as Junior Guardian, Wang Rong as Junior Counselor, Wei Gua as Grand Guardian, and Shi Jian as Grand Marshal.

辛亥　改元永平。皇后賈氏專制，夷十二大臣族，太傅楊駿、太保衛瓘、汝南王亮皆被戮焉。廢太后楊氏為庶人，徙之金墉。遣諸王就國。改元元康。趙王倫為征西將軍。壬子　賈后弒皇太后楊氏於金墉。癸丑　甲寅。乙卯　武庫火。丙辰　張華為司空。秦雍寇亂，齊萬年稱兵涇陽，楊茂搜稱兵百頃。丁巳　王戎為司徒，何劭為僕射。戊午。

In the Xinhai year (AD 291), the era name was changed to "Yongping." Empress Jia controlled the government, and in succession she executed twelve ministers, including the Grand Tutor Yang Jun, the Grand Guardian Wei Guan, and the Prince of Ru'nan, Sima Liang, who were all among those killed. She also deposed the Yang太后, the consort of Emperor Wu, reducing her to a commoner and imprisoning her in the Jin Yong City. She ordered the various princes to return to their fiefs. In the same year, the era name was changed to "Yuan Kang," and Prince Sima Lun was appointed as the Commander of the Western Expedition. The seeds of the Eight Princes' Rebellion were thus sown. In the Renzi year (292), Empress Jia killed the Yang太后 in Jin Yong City. In the Guichou and Jiayin years (293 and 294), there were no events. In the Yimao year (295), a fire broke out in the Luoyang military storehouse, and the treasures of previous dynasties were burned to ashes. In the Bingchen year (296), Zhang Hua was appointed as the Minister of State. In the regions of Qinzhou and Yongzhou in the Central Plains where Han and Hu people lived together, a great turmoil broke out. The Di chieftain Qi Wanyan raised an army in Jingyang, and Yang Maosou, the chieftain of the Qiongchi Di, raised an army in Baiqing. In the Dingsi year (297), Wang Rong was appointed as the Minister of State, and He Shao was appointed as the Chief Secretary of the Ministry of Works. In the Wuwu year (298), there were no events.

己未　賈后廢皇太子遹為庶人，及其二子送之金墉。裴□為僕射。庚申　改元永康。皇后賈氏徙皇庶人於許昌，殺之。趙王倫、梁王彤廢皇后賈氏為庶人，送金墉，殺之。誅宰相張華，及僕射裴□、侍中賈謐，又誅嵇康、呂安、石崇、潘岳於東市。倫假黃鉞，稱國相，專制。以彤為太宰，冊羊氏為皇后。賈氏黨趙廞以成都叛。

In the Jiwei year (AD 299), Lady Jia plotted to falsely accuse and depose the crown prince Sima Yu as a commoner, and she also had his two sons imprisoned and sent to the Jin Yong City. Pi Wei served as the Minister of the Imperial Secretariat. In the Gengshen year (AD 300), the era name was changed to "Yongkang." Lady Jia moved the already deposed prince to Xuchang to carry out further harm. The Prince of Zhao, Sima Lun, and the Prince of Liang, Sima Tong, then used this as an excuse to raise an army, deposed Lady Jia as a commoner, sent her to Jin Yong City where she was given poison to die, and executed the chancellor Zhang Hua, the Minister of the Imperial Secretariat Pi Wei, and the Attendant-in-Attendance Jia Mi. They also executed the famous scholars Shi Chong and Pan Yue in the Eastern Market. The text mentions Ji Kang and Lü An alongside them, but in reality, Ji Kang and Lü An died during the late Cao Wei period. Shao Yong's dating here is incorrect. Sima Lun received the yellow axe, declared himself Chancellor, and took sole control of the government, appointing Sima Tong as Grand Tutor and crowning Yang氏 as the empress. The faction of the Jia family, Zhao Xin, rebelled in Chengdu by occupying the territory.

辛酉　趙王倫竊命，徙帝於金墉，改元建始。齊王冏、成都王穎、河間王顒兵入，誅趙王倫及其黨，迎帝反正。冏大司馬，專制，以穎為大將軍，顒為太尉，改元永寧。流人李特殺趙廞於成都。張軌以梁州叛。壬戌　長沙王乂、河間王顒、成都王穎、新野王歆、范陽王虓兵入，誅齊王冏，送其族於金墉，殺之。乂稱太尉，專制，改元太安。流人李特以六郡稱牧廣漢。癸亥　河間王顒、成都王穎、東海王越執長沙王乂，送之金墉，殺之。顒稱太宰，專制於長安。陸機、陸云兵死。石冰以揚、徐亂。李特攻成都不克，死，子雄繼。

In the year Xinyou (AD 301), Prince Sima Lun of the House of Zhao seized the throne, moved Emperor Hui of Jin to Jin Yong City, and began the era name "Jianshi." Prince Sima Jiong of Qi, Prince Sima Ying of Chengdu, and Prince Sima You of Hejian raised armies and entered the capital, killing Sima Lun and his followers, and restoring Emperor Hui to the throne. Sima Jiong was appointed Grand Master of State and held power, while Sima Ying was made Grand General and Sima You was appointed Grand Minister. The era name was changed to "Yongning." The leader of the migrant population, Li Te, killed Zhao Xun in Chengdu. Zhang Guo controlled the state and declared himself independent (the original text says "rebelled against the state," but in reality he was the governor of Liangzhou), and the later Former Liang state originated from this. In the year Renxu (AD 302), Prince Sima Yi of Changsha, Prince Sima You of Hejian, Prince Sima Ying of Chengdu, Prince Sima Xin of Xinye, and Prince Sima Xiao of Fanyang raised armies and entered the capital, killing Prince Sima Jiong and sending his family to Jin Yong City where they were executed. Sima Yi claimed the title of Grand Minister, monopolized the government, and changed the era name to "Tai'an." Li Te claimed the title of Governor of Yizhou, ruling over Guanghan with the six commanderies of Bashu. In the year Guihai (AD 303), Prince Sima You of Hejian, Prince Sima Ying of Chengdu, and Prince Sima Yue of Donghai conspired to capture Prince Sima Yi of Changsha, sending him to Jin Yong City where he was killed. Sima You claimed the title of Grand Minister and controlled the court from Chang'an. The scholar-officials Lu Ji and Lu Yun died in battle. Shi Bing caused disturbances in Yangzhou and Xuzhou. Li Te attacked Chengdu but failed and died in battle; his son Li Xiong took over the remaining forces.

甲子　晉惠帝十四年，河間王顒廢皇后羊氏及皇太子覃，徙之金墉，表成都王穎為太弟，加九錫，鎮鄴。改元永安。右衛將軍陳軫復羊氏皇后及覃太子，大會司徒王戎及東海王越、高密王簡、平昌公模、吳王晏、豫章王熾、襄陽王范、左僕射荀藩八部兵，奉帝北伐鄴，師敗於湯陰，嵇紹死之。帝如北軍，穎以帝歸鄴，改元建武。顒將張方入洛，復廢皇后羊氏及覃太子。安北將軍王浚、東瀛公騰以烏丸兵攻鄴，穎師敗，帝還洛陽。河間王使張方徙帝西都長安，亦復羊氏皇后及永安年號，廢穎太弟，以豫章王熾為太弟，改元永興。王戎豫朝政。始分東西臺。是年，李雄逐羅尚於成都，稱王；單于左賢王劉淵稱王離石，國曰漢，元曰元熙。

The year of Jiazi was the fourteenth year of Emperor Hui's reign, in the year 304 CE. The Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong, deposed Queen Yang and the crown prince Sima Tan, imprisoning them in the Jin Yong City, and submitted a memorial to appoint Prince Sima Ying of Chengdu as the crown prince, granting him the Nine Grants, and stationed him in Yecheng. Right Guards General Chen Zhen (the original text reads Chen Zhen) restored the titles of Queen Yang and Prince Sima Tan, and gathered eight armies led by Sima Rong, Prince of Donghai, Sima Yue, Prince of GaoMi, Sima Jian, Prince of Ping昌, Sima Mo, Prince of Ping昌, Sima Yan, Prince of Wu, Sima Chi, Prince of Yu Zhang, Sima Fan, Prince of Xiangyang, and Xun Fan, Left Chancellor, to march north to attack Yecheng. However, they suffered a great defeat at Tangyin. The attendant middle minister Ji Shao died shielding the emperor with his body. Emperor Hui was captured by the enemy forces, and Sima Ying brought him back to Yecheng, changing the era name to "Jianwu." Sima Yong's subordinate Zhang Fang attacked Luoyang, and again deposed Queen Yang and the crown prince. General Wang Jun, Commander of the Northern Army, and Prince Sima Teng of Dongying, using the cavalry of the Huai people, attacked Yecheng. Sima Ying was defeated, and Emperor Hui was able to return to Luoyang. Sima Yong again sent Zhang Fang to take Emperor Hui to Chang'an, reinstalled the Yang family as queen, restored the era name "Yong'an," and removed Sima Ying's title as crown prince, appointing Prince Sima Chi of Yu Zhang as the new crown prince, changing the era name to "Yongxing." Sima Rong participated in government affairs, and the court began to establish the Eastern and Western Two Palaces. Also in this year, Li Xiong drove out the governor of Yizhou, Luo Shang, in Chengdu, and declared himself King of Chengdu. The Xiongnu chieftain, Left Grand Son of the Single Chief, Liu Yuan, proclaimed himself king in Lishi, establishing the state name "Han" and the era name "Yuanxi." Thus began the chaos of the Five Barbarians and Sixteen Kingdoms.

乙丑　東海王越嚴兵徐方，范陽王虓抗師許昌，成都王穎擁兵河間北，河間王顒又復廢羊氏皇后，以穎為大將軍，都督河北。虓、越將周權入洛，又復羊氏皇后。洛陽令何喬殺周權，又廢羊氏皇后。虓、越兵攻穎不已，穎敗，棄鄴，走洛陽。虓、越攻洛陽。穎奔顒於長安。漢劉淵攻晉劉琨於板橋，不利。丙寅　東海王越、范陽王虓兵攻長安。河間王顒、成都王穎走南山。虓、越將祁弘、宋胄以帝東還洛陽，復以羊氏為皇后，改元光熙。越稱太傅，錄尚書事，專制。虓為司空，卒。越遂弒帝，立太弟熾，是謂懷帝。引溫羨為司徒，王衍為司空。顒、穎野死。李雄稱帝成都，國曰蜀，元曰太武，謂之後蜀。

In the year Yichou (公元 305), Prince Sima Yu of the Eastern Sea gathered troops in Xuzhou, while Prince Sima Xiao of Fanyang held out in Xuchang. Prince Sima Ying of Chengdu stationed his army in the Yellow River region, and Prince Sima Yong of Hejian once again deposed Queen Yang. Sima Ying was appointed Grand General and Commander-in-Chief of the Yellow River region. Sima Xiao and Sima Yu's generals, Zhou Quan, captured Luoyang and reinstalled the Yang family as queen. However, Luoyang Magistrate He Qiao killed Zhou Quan, and Queen Yang was deposed again. Sima Xiao and Sima Yu continued to attack Sima Ying, who was defeated and abandoned the city of Ye, fleeing to Luoyang. Sima Xiao and Sima Yu then attacked Luoyang, forcing Sima Ying to flee to Chang'an where Sima Yong was. Liu Yuan, the Han Prince, attacked Liu Kun, a Jin general, at Banqiao but failed to make progress. In the year Bingyin (306), Sima Yu and Sima Xiao joined forces to attack Chang'an, while Sima Yong and Sima Ying fled into Zhongnanshan. Sima Xiao and Sima Yu's generals, Qi Hong and Song Zhou, escorted Emperor Hui back to Luoyang, reinstalled the Yang family as queen, and changed the era name to "Guangxi." Sima Yu claimed the title of Grand Tutor and Chief Minister, monopolizing the government. Sima Xiao, who had just been appointed Grand Minister, died shortly after. Sima Yu then poisoned Emperor Hui and installed the Crown Prince Sima Chi as emperor, who became Emperor Huai of Jin. He appointed Wen Xian as Grand Minister and Wang Yan as Grand Minister. Sima Yong and Sima Ying also died in the wilderness. The sixteen-year conflict known as the Eight Princes' Rebellion ended at this time. In the same year, Li Xiong declared himself emperor in Chengdu, establishing the state name "Dacheng" and the era name "Taiwu," historically known as Chenghan, which is referred to as the Later Shu in the text.

丁卯　晉改元永嘉。東海王越稱大丞相，鎮許昌。以後父梁芬為太尉。成都王黨汲桑陷鄴。王彌稱兵青、徐。漢劉淵破晉河東諸郡。晉劉琨獨保晉陽。戊辰　劉淵稱帝蒲子，改元永鳳，拔晉平陽，居之。王彌、石勒附於漢。石勒攻常山，王彌攻洛陽，焚建春門。己巳　東海王越入洛，殺大臣十餘人，以左僕射山簡徵東大將軍，都督荊州，南鎮襄陽。漢劉淵改元河瑞。石勒兵出鉅鹿，王彌兵出上黨，劉聰兵出壺關，同攻晉洛陽。

In the year Dingmao (AD 307), the Jin dynasty changed its era name to "Yongjia." The Marquess of Donghai, Sima Yue, claimed the title of Grand Chancellor, and moved his headquarters to Xuchang. He appointed Liang Fen, the father-in-law of the Emperor Huai, as Grand Minister. Ji Sang, a former follower of the Duke of Chengdu, captured the city of Ye; Wang Mi raised an army in the states of Qingzhou and Xuzhou; and Liu Yuan, the ruler of the Han state, captured several prefectures in the River East region of the Jin. Liu Kun, the governor of Bingzhou, defended Jinyang alone, becoming the only remaining stronghold of the Jin dynasty in the north. In the year Wuchen (308), Liu Yuan proclaimed himself emperor in Puzi and changed the era name to "Yongfeng," capturing Pingyang and moving the capital there. Wang Mi and the Jie chieftain Shi Le both submitted to the Han state. Shi Le attacked Changshan, while Wang Mi attacked Luoyang, burning the Jianchun Gate. In the year Jisi (309), Sima Yue entered Luoyang and executed more than ten court officials at once. He appointed Shan Jian, the Left Chancellor, as General of the Eastern Expedition and Commander of Jingzhou, and stationed him in the south to guard Xiangyang. The Han dynasty changed its era name to "HeRui." Shi Le advanced from Jilu, Wang Mi from Shangtang, and Liu Cong from Huguan, attacking Luoyang from three directions. From this year onwards, the capital of the Western Jin was surrounded every year.

庚午　東海王越徵兵天下，諸侯咸無從者，自率兵出許昌。漢劉淵卒，子和繼。叔楚王聰殺和代立，改元光興，以北海王義為皇太弟，劉曜為相國，石勒為大將軍。辛未　天下亂。晉詔兗州苟晞會諸侯兵伐許昌，會東海王越卒，乃止。是年，洛陽陷。王衍為軍帥，王師十二敗，帝及傳國六璽皆沒於寇。長安亦陷，南陽王模亦沒於寇。漢劉曜、王彌、石勒拔晉洛陽，俘其帝於平陽，改元嘉平。劉曜拔晉長安，保之。石勒害王彌於己吾，而並其眾。蜀李雄拔晉梓潼及涪城，改元玉衡。

In the year Gengwu (公元 310), Prince Sima Yue of the Eastern Sea summoned troops throughout the empire, but no state or commandery responded. He had to personally lead his forces to驻屯 at Xuchang. After the death of the Han ruler Liu Yuan, his son Liu He succeeded him, but his uncle Prince Chu Liu Cong killed Liu He and took the throne, changing the era name to "Guangxings" and appointing Prince Beihai Liu Yi as the Crown Prince, while appointing Liu Yao as Chancellor and Shi Le as Grand General. In the year Xinwei (311), chaos spread throughout the empire. The Jin court issued an edict ordering Governor Guo Xi of Yanzhou to join forces with other generals to attack Sima Yue's forces at Xuchang. However, Sima Yue died of illness, and the campaign was abandoned. That year, Luoyang fell: Wang Yan led the Jin army, but the Jin forces lost all twelve battles, and Emperor Hui of Jin along with the imperial seals were captured by the enemy. Chang'an also fell, and Prince Nanyang Sima Mo was captured. Han generals Liu Yao, Wang Mi, and Shi Le captured Luoyang, capturing Emperor Hui of Jin and taking him to Pingyang. The Han dynasty changed its era name to "Japing," an event known as the "Yongjia Chaos." Liu Yao then captured and occupied Chang'an. Shi Le killed Wang Mi at Jiwu and absorbed his troops. Li Xiong of Chenghan captured Zitong and Fucheng of the Jin dynasty, and changed the era name to "Yuheng."

壬申　晉懷帝在平陽。賈疋逐劉曜於長安三輔，與閻鼎、梁芬、梁綜、曲允共奉秦王鄴為皇太子，以入長安。鎮東將軍琅玡王睿帥亡眾大集壽春。苟晞保蒙城，不利，降於石勒。劉琨保晉陽，不利，奔常山。拓跋猗盧以兵六萬來救，大敗劉曜、劉粲於狼猛。劉琨復保陽曲。漢劉聰納劉殷女二人為皇后，孫四人為貴妃，拔晉太原，復失之。癸酉　晉懷帝死於平陽，皇太子鄴稱帝長安，是謂愍帝，改元建興。以梁芬為司徒，曲允為使持節領軍、錄尚書事，索為尚書左僕射，琅玡王睿為左丞相，都督陝東諸軍事。南陽王保為右丞相，都督陝西諸軍事。山東郡縣悉陷於寇。漢石勒鎮襄國。曹嶷攻下三齊，據有廣固。

In the year Renshen (公元 312), Emperor Huai of the Jin was still held captive in Pingyang. Jin minister Jia Pi drove Liu Yao out of the area around Chang'an, and together with Yan Ding, Liang Fen, Liang Zong, and Qu Yun (the original text reads Qu Yun), they jointly proclaimed Prince Sima Ye of the Qin as the crown prince, and escorted him to Chang'an. General of the Eastern Expedition, Prince Langye Sima Rui gathered the displaced people and held a great assembly in Shoucheng, which marked the beginning of the establishment of the Eastern Jin dynasty. Guo Xi held the fortress of Mengcheng but failed, and surrendered to Shi Le; Liu Kun defended Jinyang but failed, and fled to Changshan. The Dai king Tuoba Yilu raised an army of 60,000 men to rescue him, and defeated Liu Yao and Liu Can at Langmeng, allowing Liu Kun to retreat and take refuge in Yangqu. The Han chief Liu Cong once married two daughters of Liu Yin as empresses and four granddaughters as imperial concubines, indulging in debauchery and excess. He captured the Jin's Taiyuan, but soon lost it again. In the year Guiyou (313), Emperor Huai was killed in Pingyang, and Crown Prince Sima Ye ascended the throne in Chang'an, becoming Emperor Min of the Jin, and changed the era name to "Jianxing." He appointed Liang Fen as Grand Minister, Qu Yun as Commander with the Authority of the Imperial Seal and Commander of the Army, and in charge of the Ministry of State Affairs, Su Cun (the original text lacks the character Cun) as Left Chancellor of the Ministry of Works, and Prince Langye Sima Rui as Left Chancellor and Commander of the Military Affairs in the Eastern Shaanxi, while Prince Nanyang Sima Bao was appointed Right Chancellor and Commander of the Military Affairs in the Western Shaanxi. All the prefectures and counties east of the Xiaoshan Mountains were lost. Han general Shi Le was stationed in Xiangguo; Cao Yi captured three prefectures in Qi, and occupied Guanggu.

甲戌　晉以琅玡王睿為大司馬，苟組為司空，劉琨為大將軍，封涼州張軌為太尉。西平郡王軌卒，子寔繼，稱西河王，國曰涼，元曰永興，城姑臧，是謂前涼。漢劉聰立三皇后，改元建元。劉曜圍晉長安，石勒圍晉幽州。乙亥　晉進左丞相琅蚜王睿都督中外諸軍事，右丞相南陽王保為相國，司空苟組為太尉，大將軍劉琨為司空。陶侃平江表，獲杜弢。漢劉聰立七皇后，授石勒專命俾徵，伐晉。勒拔晉濮陽。

In the year of Jiaxu (公元 314), the Jin dynasty appointed the Prince of Langye, Sima Yu, as Grand General, Xun Guo as Minister of Works, and Liu Kun as Grand General. They also granted the title of Grand General to Zhang Guo, the governor of Liangzhou. After the death of Zhang Guo, the Prince of Xiping, Zhang Shi, succeeded him and established the state of Liang, taking the era name Yongxing. He built Guchang as the capital, thus establishing the Former Liang. The Han ruler Liu Cong once appointed three empresses at the same time and changed the era name to Jianyuan. Liu Yao besieged Chang'an, while Shi Le besieged Youzhou. In the year of Yihai (315), the Jin dynasty promoted the Prince of Langye, Sima Yu, as Commander-in-Chief of all military affairs, and the Prince of Nanyang, Sima Bao, as Chancellor. Xun Guo was appointed Grand General, and Liu Kun as Minister of Works. Tao Kan pacified Jiangnan and captured Du Tao, the leader of the migrant population. The Han ruler Liu Cong again appointed seven empresses at the same time and granted Shi Le the authority to campaign against the Jin. Shi Le captured Puyang.

丙子　晉長安陷於寇，帝出降於豆田中。漢劉曜拔晉長安，俘其帝於平陽，改元麟嘉。石勒拔晉太原，劉琨走幽州，依段匹□。丁丑　晉帝在平陽。琅玡王睿渡江，稱晉王於建康，元曰建武。以西陽王羕為太尉，王敦為大將軍，王導都督中外。帝死於平陽。戊寅　晉王睿稱帝於建康，改元太興，以子紹為太子，是謂東晉元帝。劉琨為段匹所害。王敦稱牧荊州，王導開府建康。漢劉聰卒，子粲繼，改元漢昌。將靳準殺粲代立，相國劉曜自長安入，至赤壁，稱帝，改元光初，加大將軍勒九錫，封趙國公。國人誅靳准以迎曜。

In the year Bingzi (316 AD), Chang'an was surrounded and ran out of food, leading to its fall. Emperor Siming of Jin surrendered in a bean field outside the city. Han general Liu Yao captured Chang'an and took Siming to Pingyang. The Han dynasty then changed its era name to "Lingjia," marking the end of the Western Jin. Shi Le captured Taiyuan, and Liu Kun fled north to Youzhou, seeking refuge with the Xianbei general Duan Pishan (the character here is missing in the original text). In the year Dingchou (317 AD), Siming continued to suffer humiliation in Pingyang. Prince Lyang Wang Sima Rui crossed the Yangtze River and established himself as King of Jin in Jiankang, adopting the era name "Jianwu." He appointed Prince Xiyang Wang Sima Yang as Grand General, Wang Dun as Grand General, and Wang Dao as Commander of both internal and external affairs, laying the foundation for the establishment of the Eastern Jin. Soon after, Siming was later killed in Pingyang. In the year Wuyin (318 AD), Sima Rui officially became emperor in Jiankang, changing the era name to "Taixing," and appointed his son Sima Shao as crown prince, who became the first emperor of the Eastern Jin. Liu Kun was killed by Duan Pishan. Wang Dun was appointed as Governor of Jingzhou, while Wang Dao established his own government in Jiankang. Thus, the situation of "Wang and Ma ruling the world together" was formed. Meanwhile, the Han ruler Liu Cong died, and his son Liu Can succeeded him, changing the era name to "Han Chang." A general named Jin Zhuan assassinated Liu Can and declared himself emperor. The Chancellor Liu Yao advanced eastward from Chang'an, proclaimed himself emperor at Chibi, changing the era name to "Guangchu," and granted Shi Le the Nine Titles and the title of Marquis of Zhao. The people of Han killed Jin Zhuan and welcomed Liu Yao back.

己卯　晉南陽王保保祁山，稱晉王。漢劉曜還長安，改國曰趙，是謂前趙。殺石勒使者王循。石勒稱王襄國，國曰趙，元曰趙，是謂後趙。以張賓為之相，號大執法。以弟虎為之將，號元輔。庚辰　晉南陽王保走桑城，死。涼亂，殺張寔，寔弟茂代領其眾。辛巳　晉王導為司空，錄尚書事。幽州陷，段匹沒於石勒。鮮卑慕容廆受晉持節，都督遼東、遼西。

In the year of Jimao (公元 319), the Jin Dynasty's Prince of Nanyang, Sima Bao, retreated to Qishan and claimed the title of King of Jin. Liu Yao returned to Chang'an and changed the state name from "Han" to "Zhao," known as the Former Zhao. He killed Wang Xun, an envoy of Shi Le, and thus the two became bitter enemies. Shi Le then established himself as King of Zhao in Xiangguo, also naming the state "Zhao" with the era name "Zhao," known as the Later Zhao. He appointed strategist Zhang Bin as prime minister, known as the Great Chancellor, and his brother Shi Hu as a general, known as the Great Assistant. In the year of Gengchen (320), Prince Sima Bao of Nanyang fled to Sangcheng and died. Internal strife occurred in the Former Liang, where Zhang Shi was killed, and his brother Zhang Mao took over the leadership. In the year of Xinsi (321), the Eastern Jin appointed Wang Dao as the Minister of State and in charge of the Secretariat. The Yuzhou region fell, and Duan Pibei was captured by Shi Le. The Xianbei leader Murong Wei accepted the imperial commission from the Jin Dynasty to oversee Liao Dong and Liao Xi, thus formally entering the political scene of the Central Plains.

壬午　晉改元永昌。大將軍王導以武昌叛，破石頭，自為丞相，都督中外。太保西陽王羕進位太宰，加司空。王導進位尚書令。石虎寇太山。梁碩以淮陰叛。帝憂憤死，皇太子紹嗣位，是謂明帝。石勒拔劉曜河南。癸未　晉改元太寧。王敦假黃鉞。劉曜、石勒皆入寇。趙劉曜拔晉陳安，收隴城、陝西城及上邽；趙石勒滅晉曹嶷於廣固。涼張茂稱藩於前趙。

In the year Renwu (公元 322), the Eastern Jin dynasty changed its era name to "Yongchang." General Wang Dun (the original text mistakenly writes Wang Dao here) raised an army from Wuchang and rebelled, capturing the Stone City. He assumed the position of Chancellor and Commander-in-Chief of both internal and external affairs. The Grand Guardian, Prince Wei Yang Wang Sima Yang, was promoted to Grand Minister and added the title of Minister of Works, while Wang Dao was promoted to Chancellor of the Secretariat. Shi Hu invaded Taishan; Liang She rebelled in Huaiyin. Emperor Sun Wu of Jin died from grief and anger, and his crown prince Sima Shao succeeded to the throne, becoming Emperor Ming of Jin. Shi Le captured the territories of Liu Yao's River Region. In the year Guiwei (323), the Eastern Jin dynasty changed its era name to "Taining." Wang Dun received the yellow钺, and his power grew even greater. Liu Yao and Shi Le both launched southern invasions: Liu Yao of the Former Zhao defeated the Jin general Chen An, capturing Longcheng, Shangqiu, and Shangui; Shi Le of the Later Zhao destroyed Cao Yi, who was loyal to Jin, in Guanggu. Zhang Mao of the Former Liang turned to the Former Zhao and submitted as a vassal to preserve himself.

甲申　晉王敦寇江寧，帝御六軍，敗敦于越城。敦死於蕪湖。王導為太保。蜀李雄以兄之子班為太子。涼張茂卒，兄子駿立，改元太光。乙酉　晉以子衍為皇太子。石勒入寇。以陶侃為徵西大將軍，都督荊、湘、梁、雍。明帝終，太子衍嗣位。是謂成帝。太后庾氏稱制，司徒王導錄尚書事，同中書令庾亮輔政。遼西亂，段遼殺其主自立。趙石勒拔晉荊、兗、豫三州，及劉曜新安、許昌。

In the year Jiashen (公元 324), Wang Dun once again raised an army and advanced toward Jiangning. Emperor Ming of Jin personally led six armies and defeated Wang Dun's forces at Yuecheng. Wang Dun died of illness in Wuhu, and the rebellion was quelled. Wang Dao was promoted to the position of Taibao. In the state of Chenghan, Li Xiong established his nephew Li Ban as crown prince. In the state of Qianliang, Zhang Mao died, and his nephew Zhang Jun succeeded him, changing the era name to "Taiyuan" (the original text says "Taiguang"). In the year Yiyou (325), the Eastern Jin dynasty appointed Prince Sima Yan as crown prince. Shi Le invaded the south, and Jin appointed Tao Kan as General of the Western Expedition, overseeing the four states of Jing, Xiang, Liang, and Yong. Emperor Ming died, and his son Prince Sima Yan succeeded him as Emperor Cheng of Jin, as he was young, the Empress Dowager Yu took over the government, and Sima Dao, the Minister of State, was in charge of the administration, together with the Chancellor Yu Liang, assisting in governance. In the Western Liang, internal disorder occurred, and Duan Liao killed his master and proclaimed himself emperor. In the state of Hou Zhao, Shi Le captured the three states of Jing, Yan, and Yu from Jin, and also captured Xinnan and Xuchang from the state of Qian Zhao, Liu Yao.

丙戌　晉改元咸和，進王導大司馬，假黃鉞，都督中外軍事。蜀李雄攻晉涪城，趙石勒攻晉汝南。丁亥　晉豫州祖約、歷陽蘇峻、彭城王雄、章武王休連兵犯建業，司馬流拒戰，不克，死於慈湖。戊子　晉蘇峻敗王師於西陵，入宮，稱驃騎將軍。錄尚書事，徙帝於石頭。虞潭、庾冰、王舒稱義三吳，會征西將軍陶侃、平南將軍溫嶠、平北將軍魏該圍峻於白石，滅之。峻弟逸代總其眾。韓晃寇宣城，祖約奔石勒。大敗劉曜於洛陽，獲之，遂滅前趙。以徐光為中書令。

In the year of Bingxu (AD 326), the Eastern Jin dynasty changed its era name to "Xianhe," promoted Wang Dao to the position of Grand Commander, granted him the authority of the Yellow Halberd, and made him the commander of military affairs both within and outside the capital. At the same time, Li Xiong of Chenghan attacked Fucheng in the Jin dynasty. Shi Le of Later Zhao attacked Runan in the Jin dynasty. In the year of Dinghai (AD 327), the governor of Yu州, Zu Jie, and the chief of Lixiang, Su Jun, joined forces with Prince Sima Xiong of Pengcheng and Prince Zhangwu Sima Xiu to launch an attack on Jianye. The Jin general Sima Liu failed to resist and died in Cihu Lake. In the year of Wuzi (AD 328), Su Jun defeated the Jin army at Xilin and entered the imperial city, declaring himself Grand Commander of the Western Cavalry and Chancellor of the Secretariat, and took Emperor Cheng as a hostage to Shitou City. Yu Tan, Yu Bing, and Wang Shu raised an army in the three Wu regions, and together with General Tao Kan of the Western Expedition, General Wen Qiao of the Southern Pacification, and General Wei Gai of the Northern Pacification, they surrounded Su Jun at Baishi and defeated him. Su Jun's younger brother Su Yi took command of the remaining troops, while his general Han Huang raided Xuancheng. Zu Jie fled north and surrendered to Shi Le. Later, Later Zhao defeated and captured Liu Yao of the Former Zhao in Luoyang, leading to the fall of the Former Zhao. Shi Le appointed Xu Guang as the Minister of the Secretariat.

己丑　晉蘇逸拔石頭，帝野次。滕含敗逸於石頭。逸退保吳興。王允之敗逸於溧陽，滅之。趙（闕）安。石虎破上邽，殺劉熙、劉胤三千人。庚寅　晉陸玩、孔愉為左右僕射。起新宮於苑，陶侃擒郭默於潯陽。蜀李雄攻晉巴東。涼張駿稱藩於石勒。趙石勒稱帝，自襄國徙都鄴，改元建平。辛卯　晉以陸玩為尚書令。

In the year Jichou (AD 329), Su Yi captured the Stone City, and Emperor Cheng of the Jin dynasty once camped outdoors. Jin general滕含 defeated Su Yi at the Stone City, forcing him to retreat to Wuxing. Wang Yunzhi then defeated and destroyed Su Yi at Lixiang. The original text of the Later Zhao mentions a missing part, only preserving the words "Zhao (missing) An." It refers to the campaign of Shi Hu's western expedition: Shi Hu captured Shangui, killing Liu Xi and Liu Yin, among more than three thousand people of the former Zhao, thus eliminating the remnants of the former Zhao. In the year Gengyin (AD 330), the Eastern Jin appointed Lu Wan and Kong Yu as left and right Chancellor, respectively, and constructed a new palace within the palace grounds; Tao Kan captured the rebel general Guo Mo in Xunyang. Li Xiong of Chenghan attacked the Jin's Badong; Zhang Jun of the Former Liang turned to Shi Le as a vassal. Shi Le of the Later Zhao officially declared himself emperor, moved the capital from Xiangguo to Ye, and initiated the era name "Jianping." In the year Xinmao (AD 331), the Eastern Jin appointed Lu Wan as Minister of the Secretariat.

壬辰　晉徙居新宮，進太尉陶侃大將軍。趙石勒卒，子弘繼，改元延熙，加石虎九錫，專政，稱丞相魏（王），殺中書令徐光及右長史程遐。癸巳　晉遼東公慕容廆卒，子皝繼。蜀李雄卒，子班繼，叔父壽專政。趙亂，石弘出奔譙城。石朗稱兵洛陽，石生抗軍長安，石虎咸滅之。

In the year of Renchen (公元 332), Emperor Cheng of the Eastern Jin moved into his new palace and promoted Tao Kan, the Grand Tutor, to the position of Grand General. Later Zhao's Shi Le died, and his son Shi Hong succeeded to the throne, changing the era name to "Yanxi." Shi Hu was granted the Nine Treasures, monopolized the government, and claimed the title of Chancellor and King of Wei (the character "King" was added by the proofreader). He also executed Xu Guang, the Middle Secretary, and Cheng Xia, the Right Chancellor, the two regents who had been entrusted with the affairs of state. In the year of Guisi (333),慕容廆, the Duke of Liao Dong enfeoffed by the Eastern Jin, died, and his son慕容皝 succeeded him. Li Xiong, the founder of Cheng Han, died, and his son Li Ban succeeded him, while his uncle Li Shou seized power. Later Zhao descended into chaos, with Shi Hong fleeing to Qiao City. Shi Lang raised an army in Luoyang, and Shi Sheng gathered troops in Chang'an to defy the central government, but both were eventually eliminated by Shi Hu.

甲午　東晉成帝九年。蜀李班為庶兄越所殺，立雄子期，改元玉恆，越專政。涼張駿受晉大將軍命。乙未　晉改元咸康。石虎入寇，假大司馬王導黃鉞，出兵戍慈湖、牛渚、蕪湖。趙亂，石虎殺弘代立，稱攝天王，改元建武。丙申。丁酉　鮮卑慕容皝稱王遼東，趙石虎稱趙天王。

The year Jiawu (334 CE) was the ninth year of Emperor Chengdi's reign in the Eastern Jin dynasty. In this year, Li Ban, a minor brother of the state of Chenghan, was killed by his half-brother Li Yue, who then installed Li Qi, the son of Li Xiong, as the new ruler and changed the era name to "Zuheng." Li Yue gained power. Zhang Jun of the Former Liang accepted the title of Grand General conferred by the Eastern Jin dynasty. In the year Yiwei (335 CE), the Eastern Jin dynasty changed its era name to "Xiankang." Shi Hu invaded the south, and the court appointed Wang Dao as Grand General with the authority of the Yellow Axe, ordering him to station troops at three key river defense locations: Cihu Lake, Niuzhu, and Wuhu. Internal strife occurred in the Later Zhao dynasty, and Shi Hu killed Shi Hong and took the throne, declaring himself Regent King and changing the era name to "Jianwu." In the year Bingshen (336 CE), there were no notable events. In the year Dingyou (337 CE), Modu Chao of the Xianbei established the state of Yan in Liao Dong, marking the founding of the Former Yan. Meanwhile, Shi Hu of the Later Zhao changed his title to Great King of the Zhao dynasty.

戊戌　單于冒頓拓跋什翼犍稱王定襄，國曰代，元曰建國。蜀亂，李壽自漢中入，殺期代立，改國為漢，元曰漢興。慕容皝攻後趙。己亥　晉王導卒。伐蜀。庚子　晉陸玩為司空。遼東慕容皝獻伐石虎之捷。漢李壽拔晉丹州。辛丑　晉慕容皝求為假燕王，徙居和龍。

In the year of Wuxu (公元 338), the leader of the Xianbei Tuoba tribe, Tuoba Shiyi Jian, proclaimed himself king in Dingshang, establishing the state name as "Dai" and the era name as "Goubu", which became the precursor of the Northern Wei (the original text attributes it to the Xiongnu Moudun single chief system, which was the old view of the origin of northern tribes at that time). The state of Chenghan experienced internal strife, with Li Shou leading his troops from Hanzhong into Chengdu, killing Li Qi and proclaiming himself emperor, changing the state name to "Han" and the era name to "Hanxing". Murong Hao launched an attack on the Later Zhao. In the year of Jihai (339), the famous chancellor Wang Dao of Eastern Jin died; the Jin dynasty launched an expedition against Shu. In the year of Gengzi (340), the Eastern Jin appointed Lu Wan as the Minister of State; Murong Hao submitted a report to the Jin court about his victory over Shi Hu. Li Shou captured Danzhou of the Jin. In the year of Xinchou (341), Murong Hao requested the Jin court to formally grant him the title of King of Yan and moved his capital to HeLong.

壬寅　晉成帝崩，母弟琅玡王嶽立，是謂康帝。封成帝二子丕為琅玡王，弈為東海王。中書監庾冰、中書令何充參錄尚書事，諸葛恢輔政。漢李壽卒，子勢繼，改元太和。癸卯　晉改元建元。甲辰　晉康帝崩，太子聃繼，是謂穆帝。太后稱制。趙石虎伐涼，不利；伐燕，有功。乙巳　晉改元永和。會稽王昱為撫軍大將軍，錄尚書六條事，專政。

In the year Renyin (公元 342), Emperor Cheng of Jin died, and his younger brother, Prince Lángyé Wang Sima Yu, succeeded to the throne, becoming Emperor Kang of Jin. He was granted the title of Prince Lángyé to his son Sima Pi and Prince Donghai to his son Sima Yi. Yu Bing, the Grand Secretary of the Secretariat, and He Chong, the Chief Secretary, were both involved in the administration of the Secretariat, and Zhuge Huai assisted in governing the state. The ruler of Chenghan, Li Shou, died, and his son Li Shi succeeded him, changing the era name to "Taihe." In the year Guimao (公元 343), Eastern Jin changed its era name to "Jianyuan." In the year Jiachen (公元 344), Emperor Kang of Jin died, and his son, Prince Sima Dan, succeeded to the throne as Emperor Mu of Jin, who was only two years old, with Chuzhou太后 ruling the court on his behalf. Later Zhao's Shi Hu failed in his western campaign against the Former Liang, but achieved some success in his northern campaign against the Former Yan. In the year Yisi (公元 345), Eastern Jin changed its era name to "Yonghe." Prince Weiyu, the Prince of Kuaiji, was appointed as the Commander of the Pacifying General and involved in the administration of the Secretariat, beginning to take control of the government.

丙午　晉桓溫伐蜀。漢李勢平李弈，改元嘉寧。涼張駿卒，子重華繼，改元永樂。趙石虎攻涼金城。丁未　晉桓溫滅蜀，徙李勢於建康。蜀復亂，範賁稱帝成都。涼張重華敗石虎於枹罕。戊申　晉桓溫為徵西大將軍，入長安，至於灞上。遼東慕容皝卒，子雋繼。趙石虎攻晉竟陵。

In the year Bingwu (公元 346), the Eastern Jin's governor of Jingzhou, Huan Wen, launched an expedition against Shu. The Chenghan ruler Li Shi quelled the rebellion led by Li Yi and changed the era name to "Jianing". The Former Liang ruler Zhang Jun died, and his son Zhang Chonghua succeeded him, changing the era name to "Yongle". The Later Zhao ruler Shi Hu attacked the Former Liang's Jincheng. In the year Dingwei (公元 347), Huan Wen destroyed Chenghan, moved Li Shi to Jiankang, and his prestige greatly increased; chaos broke out again in Shu, with Fan Ben proclaiming himself emperor in Chengdu. Zhang Chonghua defeated Shi Hu's forces at Baohan. In the year Wushen (公元 348), Huan Wen was promoted to Grand General of the Western Campaign and led his army into the pass, reaching Ba-shang near Chang'an (this campaign actually took place several years later, Shao Yong dated it to this year). Mo Di of Liao Dong died, and his son Mo Juan succeeded him. Shi Hu attacked Jingling of the Jin.

己酉　晉平蜀亂。鮮卑慕容雋稱王遼東，國曰燕，元曰燕元，是謂前燕。趙石虎稱帝，改元太寧。虎卒，子世繼，張豺為相，專制。內難作，石遵自關右入，殺世及張豺，代立。石冰自薊門入，殺遵不克。石閔殺遵，立石鑑，改元青龍，閔稱大將軍，專政。苻洪稱兵廣川。

In the year Jiyou (公元 349), the Eastern Jin dynasty quelled the remaining unrest in Shu. Xianbei Murong Juan established himself as king in Liao Dong, founding the state of Yan with the era name Yan Yuan, known as the Former Yan. Hou Zhao Shi Hu became emperor, changing the era name to Ta Ning, but soon died, and his young son Shi Shi succeeded him. Zhang Cai, the chancellor, seized power. The internal conflicts among the Shi family continued: Shi Zun entered Yeh from Guan Yu and killed Shi Shi and Zhang Cai to proclaim himself emperor; Shi Bing entered Yeh from Jimo to plot against Shi Zun but failed; Yang Sun Shi Min, a man of Han origin, also known as Ran Min, killed Shi Zun and proclaimed Shi Jian as emperor, changing the era name to Qinglong, and claimed the title of Grand General, monopolizing the government. The氐 chieftain Fu Hong raised an army in Guangchuan, thus marking the beginning of the Former Qin's rise.

庚戌　趙石鑑殺大將軍閔及李農，不克。閔殺鑑，代立，複姓冉氏，改國曰魏，元曰永興，大滅石氏宗室。鑑弟祗稱帝襄國，以將劉顯南攻冉氏，不克，殺祗以降。閔破襄國，誅顯，滅其族。將苻健自枋頭入關，逐杜洪於長安，據之。將魏統以兗州，冉遇以豫州，樂弘以荊州，鄭繫以洛州，入於晉。劉淮以幽州入於燕。燕南略地至幽、冀。

In the year Gengxu (公元 350), Shi Jian of the Later Zhao plotted to kill the Grand General Shi Min and Li Nong, but failed. Shi Min then killed Shi Jian and proclaimed himself emperor, restoring his original surname Rán and changing the state's name to "Wei" with the era name "Yongxing." He also carried out a large-scale massacre of the Shi clan, an event known as the Rán Wei. Shi Jian's younger brother Shi Zhi declared himself emperor in Xiangguo, and sent his general Liu Xian south to attack Rán Wei. However, Liu Xian's forces were defeated, and he then killed Shi Zhi and surrendered. Rán Min then advanced to capture Xiangguo, executed Liu Xian and destroyed his family. The Later Zhao thus came to an end. At the same time, the氐 chieftain Fu Jian entered the pass from Fangtou, drove out Du Hong who was occupying Chang'an, and took control of Guanzhong. Former Later Zhao generals Wei Tong with Yanzhou, Rán Yu with Yuzhou, Yue Hong with Jingzhou, and Zheng Xi with Luozhou submitted to Eastern Jin. Liu Zhun (the original text says Liu Huai) with Youzhou submitted to the Former Yan. The Former Yan then took advantage of the situation and attacked and captured Youzhou and Jizhou.

辛亥　趙將周成以廩丘，高昌以野王，樂立以許昌，李歷以衛州，請附於晉。劉啟、姚弋仲亦奔於晉。魏冉閔攻燕不利，死，國亡。石虎將苻健稱天王於長安，國曰秦，元曰皇始，是謂前秦，敗晉軍於五丈原。燕慕容雋南伐魏，滅冉閔於昌城。壬子　晉武陵王晞為太宰，會稽王昱為司徒，大將軍桓溫為太尉。魏冉智以鄴降燕，慕容雋稱帝，自和龍徙居中山，改元天璽。秦苻健稱帝長安。

In the Xinhai year (公元 351), former generals of the Later Zhao, Zhou Cheng occupied Linyou, Gao Chang occupied Yiwang, Le Li occupied Xuchang, and Li Li occupied Weizhou, all requesting to submit to the Eastern Jin. Liu Qi and Yao Yizhong also surrendered to the Jin dynasty. At that time, Hebei had no clear leader. Ran Wei's Ran Min attacked the Former Yan but failed, suffered a defeat and was killed, leading to the fall of Ran Wei. Fu Jian, an old general of Shi Hu, proclaimed himself Heavenly King in Chang'an, established the state name as "Qin" and the era name as "Huangshi", which was the Former Qin. He defeated the Jin army at Wuzhangyuan. The Former Yan's Murong Juan launched a southern campaign against Ran Wei and destroyed Ran Min's forces in Changcheng. In the Renzi year (352), the Eastern Jin appointed Wang Simi as Grand Tutor, Wang Sunyu as Minister of State, and General Huan Wen as Grand General. Ran Wei's crown prince Ran Zhi surrendered the capital Yecheng to the Yan, so Murong Juan proclaimed himself emperor, moved the capital from Hedong to Zhongshan, and changed the era name to "Tianxi". Fu Jian also proclaimed himself emperor in Chang'an.

癸丑　涼秦相攻。涼張重華卒，子曜靈繼，伯父祚殺曜靈代立，改元和平。甲寅　晉太尉桓溫伐秦，至灞上。秦苻健敗晉軍於白鹿原，又敗之於子午谷。乙卯　晉將段龕敗燕軍於狼山。右軍王羲之辭官歸。涼宋混、張瓘殺張祚，立曜靈弟玄靚，改元大始。燕南攻晉，不利。秦苻健卒，子生繼。

In the year Guichou (公元 353), the Former Liang and Former Qin attacked each other. The Former Liang ruler Zhang Chonghua died, and his son Zhang Yaoling succeeded to the throne. However, his uncle Zhang Zuo killed Yaoling and took the throne himself, changing the era name to "He Ping." In the year Jiayin (354), the Eastern Jin general Huan Wen launched a northern campaign against Former Qin, advancing to Basi near Chang'an, but eventually retreated due to lack of supplies. Former Qin's Fu Jian defeated the Jin army at BaiLu Yuan, and then again defeated the Jin forces at Zishu Valley. In the year Yimao (355), Jin general Duan Kan defeated the Yan army at Lang Mountain. The Right General Wang Xizhi resigned and retired from official life. In the Former Liang, Song Hun and Zhang Guan killed Zhang Zuo, and reinstalled Zhang Yaoling's younger brother Zhang Xuanjingt as the ruler, changing the era name to "Tai Shi." The Former Yan failed in its southern attack on the Eastern Jin. Former Qin's Fu Jian died, and his son Fu Sheng succeeded to the throne.

丙辰　晉桓溫敗姚襄軍於伊水，遂復洛陽。秦苻生改元壽光。丁巳　晉改元昇平，帝加元服。王彪之為左僕射。燕改元光壽，自中山徙都鄴。秦苻生虐用其人，雄子堅殺生代立，去帝號，稱天王，改元永興，以王猛、呂婆、樓強、汪梁、平老為之輔。戊午　晉將馮鴦以眾入於燕。燕拔晉上黨。

In the year Bingchen (356 CE), Huan Wen defeated the Qiang chieftain Yao Xiang at the Yi River and recaptured Luoyang. The Former Qin ruler Fu Sheng changed the era name to "Shouguang." In the year Dingsi (357 CE), the Eastern Jin dynasty changed its era name to "Shengping," and Emperor Mu of Jin performed the coming-of-age ceremony and took personal control of the government. Wang Biaozhi was appointed as Left Chancellor. The Former Yan dynasty changed its era name to "Guangshou" and moved its capital from Zhongshan to Ye. Fu Sheng of Former Qin was cruel and tyrannical towards the people. His son Fu Jian killed Fu Sheng and took the throne, abandoning the title of emperor and only calling himself Heavenly King. He changed the era name to "Yongxiong" and appointed Wang Meng as well as Lü Po, Lou Qiang, Wang Wang, and Liang Pinglao as his advisors (the original text lists the names as "Lü Po, Lou Qiang, Wang Wang, and Pinglao," which may be incorrect). In the year Wuwu (358 CE), the Jin general Feng Yang led his troops to submit to the Former Yan. The Former Yan captured Shangdang from the Jin dynasty.

己未　晉伐燕不利，燕敗晉於東阿。秦改元甘露，以王猛為中書令，尹京兆。庚申　晉仇池公楊駿卒，子世繼。燕慕容雋卒，子繼，改元建熙，慕容恪為太宰，專政。慕容評為太傅。慕容根為太師，慕容垂為河南大都督。根作逆伏誅。辛酉　晉穆帝終，立成帝子琅玡王丕，是謂哀帝。壬戌　晉改元隆和。燕師攻晉洛陽。癸亥　晉改元興寧。桓溫為大司馬，假黃鉞，都督中外軍事，北伐。涼張天錫殺玄靚代立，改元太清。燕將慕容評攻晉許昌。

In the year Jiwei (359 ce), the Eastern Jin dynasty failed in its campaign against the Yan state, and the Yan army defeated the Jin forces at Dong'a. The Former Qin state changed its era name to "Ganlu" and appointed Wang Meng as Chancellor and Chief of the Capital Region, and the Qin government gradually became more organized. In the year Gengshen (360 ce), Yang Jun, the Duke of Chouchi appointed by the Eastern Jin, died, and his son Yang Shi succeeded him. The ruler of the Former Yan, Murong Juan, died, and his son Murong Wei succeeded him (the original text lacks the character Wei), changing the era name to "Jianxi." Murong Ge was appointed Grand Chancellor, Murong Ping as Grand Tutor, Murong Gen as Grand Preceptor, and Murong Chui as Grand Commander of the Henan region; Murong Gen plotted rebellion and was executed. In the year Xinyou (361 ce), Emperor Mu of Jin died, and the throne was passed to Prince Lángyá Wang Sima Pi, the son of Emperor Cheng, who became Emperor Ai of Jin. In the year Renxu (362 ce), the Eastern Jin changed its era name to "Longhe," and the Yan army attacked Luoyang of Jin. In the year Guihai (363 ce), the Eastern Jin changed its era name to "Xingning," and Huan Wen was appointed Grand General, received the yellow钺, and was in charge of military affairs both inside and outside the empire, leading an expedition northward. In the Former Liang state, Zhang Tianxi killed Zhang Xuanliang and took the throne, changing the era name to "Taiqing." The Yan general Murong Ping attacked Xuchang of Jin.

甲子　東晉哀帝三年，餌丹，有疾，太后稱制。燕、秦入寇洛陽。乙丑　晉哀帝終於餌丹，母弟琅玡王弈立。洛陽陷於燕。司馬勳以梁州叛，稱成都王。秦改元建元。匈奴左右賢王以朔方叛，平之。丙寅　晉改元太和。會稽王昱為丞相。燕、秦入寇。涼張天錫受晉命，大將軍都督隴右。燕拔晉魯郡。秦拔晉南鄉。

The year of Jiazi was the third year of Emperor Ai of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, corresponding to 364 AD. Emperor Ai fell ill due to taking elixirs, and Empress Dowager Chu took over the government again. The Former Yan and Former Qin states simultaneously attacked Luoyang. In the year of Yichou (365 AD), Emperor Ai died from taking elixirs, and his younger brother, Prince Langye Wang Sima Yi, succeeded to the throne. Luoyang fell to the Former Yan. The governor of Liangzhou, Sima Xun, rebelled and claimed the title of Prince of Chengdu. The Former Qin changed their era name to "Jianyuan." The Xiongnu left and right chieftains rebelled against the Former Qin in Shuofang, but were soon suppressed. In the year of Bingyin (366 AD), the Eastern Jin changed their era name to "Taihe," and Prince Huaiji Wang Sima Yu was appointed as Chancellor. The states of Yan and Qin continued their attacks. Zhang Tianxi of the Former Liang accepted the appointment from the Jin Dynasty, serving as Grand General and Commander of the Western Regions. The Former Yan captured the Jin's Lu Commandery, and the Former Qin captured the Jin's Nanxiang.

丁卯　燕攻晉竟陵，秦攻晉涼州。戊辰　秦苻雙以上邽、苻柳以蒲坂叛，王猛悉平之。己巳　晉大司馬桓溫北伐燕，不利，歸罪袁真。袁真以壽陽入於燕。燕大將慕容垂敗晉師於枋頭，以眾降秦，評害功故也。秦救燕有功，取燕之金墉，責無信也。

In the year Dingmao (AD 367), the Former Yan attacked the Jin's Jingling, and the Former Qin attacked the Jin's Liangzhou. In the year Wuchen (368), the clan of the Former Qin, Fu Shuang, occupied Shangui and Fu Liu occupied Pusan, both rebelling against the state, but both were quelled by Wang Meng. In the year Jisi (369), the Eastern Jin's Grand司马 Huan Wen launched a northern campaign against the Former Yan but failed, blaming his subordinate general Yuan Zhen for the defeat. Yuan Zhen, in anger, surrendered the city of Shouyang to the Yan. The Yan general Murong Chui defeated the Jin army at Fangtou, but due to the jealousy of the Grand Tutor Murong Ping, who falsely accused him, Murong Chui had to lead his troops to surrender to the Former Qin. The Former Qin sent troops to aid the Yan and were rewarded, but later seized the Yan's Jinyang City, claiming that the Yan had broken their previous agreement to cede territory.

庚午　晉壽陽袁真卒，子瑾繼。桓溫敗瑾於壽陽。廣漢及成都寇亂。王猛滅燕於鄴，徙慕容於長安，收郡五十七。猛留鎮鄴。辛未　晉桓溫平壽陽，獲袁瑾以歸，廢其君弈為海西王，立會稽王昱，改元咸安，是謂文帝，溫稱丞相，鎮姑熟，專制，殺太宰武陵王晞、新蔡王晃，仍降海西王為公，及害其二子與母。

In the year Gengwu (公元 370), Yuan Zhen died in Shouyang, and his son Yuan Jin succeeded him. Huan Wen defeated Yuan Jin in Shouyang. There were uprisings in Guanghan and Chengdu areas. Former Qin's Wang Meng destroyed the Former Yan in Yecheng, moved the Yan ruler慕容暐 to Chang'an, and gained fifty-seven counties. Wang Meng remained stationed in Yecheng. The northern half of the region was largely under Former Qin's control. In the year Xinwei (371), Huan Wen pacified Shouyang, captured Yuan Jin and brought him back to the capital. He then deposed Emperor司马奕 as the Prince of Haixi, and installed Prince Sima Yu of Kuaiji as the new emperor, changing the era name to "Xian'an," which was the reign of Emperor Sima Yu of Jin, known as Emperor Jianwen. Huan Wen claimed the title of Chancellor, and stationed himself in Gumuxu to control the court. He killed the Grand Tutor Wuling Prince Sima Xi and the Prince of Xincai Sima Huang. He also reduced the Prince of Haixi to the title of Prince of Haixi and killed his two sons and his mother.

壬申　晉命百濟餘句為鎮東將軍，領樂浪守。庾希以海陵叛，入於京口。文帝昱終，子曜嗣，是謂武帝。桓溫還姑熟。秦王猛平慕容桓於遼東，滅仇池公楊纂於秦州。癸酉　晉改元寧康。大司馬桓溫卒，太后稱制，王彪之為尚書令，謝安為尚書僕射，專制。張天錫貢方物。秦拔晉成都及梓潼。

In the Renshen year (公元 372), the Eastern Jin appointed the King of Baekje, Yu Ju, as General of the Eastern Army and governor of Lelang. Yu Xi rebelled at Hailing and attacked Jingkou. Emperor Sima Yu of the Jin dynasty died, and his son Sima Yao succeeded the throne, becoming Emperor Xiaowu of Jin; Huan Wen retreated to Gushu. The Former Qin's Wang Meng subdued the general Mo Yu Huan of Yan in Liao Dong, and also destroyed the ruler Yang Zuan of Qiucheng in Qinzhou. In the Guiyou year (373), the Eastern Jin changed its era name to "Ningkang." The great general Huan Wen died, thus eliminating the threat of usurpation; the Dowager Empress Chongde took control of the court, with Wang Biaozhi as Chancellor and Xie An as Deputy Chancellor, jointly governing the state. The Former Liang's Zhang Tianxi presented tribute to the Jin. The Former Qin captured Chengdu and Zitong of the Jin.

甲戌　晉桓石破秦軍於墊江。張育稱王於蜀，秦復平之。乙亥　秦大將軍王猛卒。丙子　晉改元太元，帝加元服。皇太后委政桓沖，桓豁為將軍，謝安為尚書鑑，錄尚書事。秦滅前涼，徙張天錫於姑臧，又平朔方，獲拓跋什翼犍，徙之長安。丁丑　晉秦二國抗衡天下。

In the year of Jiaxu (公元 374), General Huan Shiqian of the Jin defeated the Qin army at Dianjiang; Zhang Yu proclaimed himself king in Shu but was later subdued by the Former Qin. In the year of Yihai (375), the great general and chancellor Wang Meng of the Former Qin died, and Fu Jian thus lost his pillar of support. In the year of Bingzi (376), the Eastern Jin changed its era name to "Taiyuan," and Emperor Xiaowu performed the coming-of-age ceremony to take personal control of the government; the Dowager Empress Chongde returned power to the emperor, with Huan Chong in charge of military affairs, Huan Huo as general, and Xie An as Minister of Works and Chief Secretary. The Former Qin conquered the Former Liang, moved Zhang Tianxi of Guchang to Chang'an, and subdued Shuofang, capturing the chieftain of the Dai Kingdom, Tuoba Shiyijian, and transporting him to Chang'an. Thus, the northern regions were fully incorporated into Fu Jian's control. In the year of Dingchou (377), the world became divided between the Jin and the Qin, north and south facing each other.

戊寅　晉作新宮。己卯　晉敗秦軍於淮南，遂拔秦襄陽。庚辰　晉李遜以交阯叛，秦苻洛以和龍叛。辛巳　晉謝石為尚書僕射。桓石攻秦有功。四夷六十二國修貢於秦。壬午。癸未　晉伐蜀，敗秦軍於武當。秦苻堅舉國南伐。晉謝安帥謝琰、謝玄、桓沖、桓伊大敗秦師於肥水，進圍洛陽。秦苻堅喪師壽陽，秦苻融沒於戰，諸將咸叛。慕容垂稱王滎陽，北居中山，國曰燕，元曰燕元，是謂後燕。攻苻丕於鄴。丁零翟斌以行唐叛。仇池公楊世入於晉。

In the year of Wuyin (AD 378), the Eastern Jin dynasty constructed a new palace. In the year of Jimao (379), the armies of Jin and Qin clashed in the Huainan region, and Xiangyang fell into Qin's hands (actually, it was the Former Qin who captured Xiangyang that year, and the original text mistakenly reversed the roles of host and guest). In the year of Gengchen (380), Jin general Li Xun rebelled in thanh, and a member of the Former Qin royal family, Fu Luo, rebelled in Helong. In the year of Xinsi (381), the Eastern Jin appointed Xie Shi as Minister of the Imperial Secretariat, and Huan Shiqian made military achievements against Qin. Sixty-two states from all over the country presented tribute to Former Qin, and Fu Jian's power reached its peak. In the year of Renwu (382), there were no notable events. In the year of Guiwei (383), the Jin dynasty launched an attack on Shu, defeating the Qin army at Wuchang. Fu Jian mobilized the entire country's forces for a southern campaign, but Xie An led Xie Yan, Xie Xuan, Huan Chong, Huan Yi, and others to decisively defeat the Qin army at Bishui. They then advanced to besiege Luoyang. Fu Jian suffered a defeat at Shouyang, his younger brother Fu Rong died in battle, and many of his generals defected. Murong Chui proclaimed himself king in Xingyang, occupied Zhongshan, and established the state of Yan with the era name Yan Yuan, which became Later Yan, and attacked the city of Yecheng held by Fu Pi. The Di people Zhao Bin raised an army in Xingtao. The ruler of Qiu Chi, Yang Shi, also submitted to the Eastern Jin.

甲申　晉假謝安黃鉞，都督軍事，鎮廣陵，領荊、江十五州，復襄陽。秦苻朗以青州降，秦苻堅來，乞師，遣劉牢之救鄴。秦將姚萇稱王萬年，國曰秦，元曰白雀，是謂後秦。慕容沖稱王阿房，慕容泓稱王華池，慕容永稱王長子，呂光稱王酒泉。萇、沖稱兵進逼長安。燕北伐高句麗，復遼東故也。

In the year Jiashen (公元 384), the Eastern Jin dynasty appointed Xie An as commander-in-chief with the authority to lead military operations, and he was stationed at Guangling, commanding fifteen states including Jing and Jiang, and recaptured Xiangyang. Fu Lang of the Former Qin surrendered the Qingzhou region to the Jin. Fu Jian sent envoys to the Jin for aid, and the Jin sent Liu Laozi to rescue the city of Ye. A Qiang general of the Former Qin, Yao Chang, proclaimed himself king in Wannian, establishing the state of "Qin" with the era name "Baique," which became the Later Qin. Murong Chong proclaimed himself king in Afang, Murong Hong in Huachi, and Murong Yong in Changzi. Liu Guang proclaimed himself king in Jiuquan. After the Battle of Feishui, the northern territories unified by Fu Jian collapsed instantly. Yao Chang and Murong Chong each launched military campaigns to attack Chang'an. The Later Yan launched an invasion of Goguryeo in order to reclaim the old territory of Liao Dong.

乙酉　晉謝安救秦，至於長安，復洛陽而還，卒。秦苻堅沒於姚萇，子丕自鄴攻晉陽，稱帝，改元太安。慕容沖屠長安。秦將乞伏國仁稱牧洮罕，國曰秦，元曰建義，是謂西秦。燕慕容垂南平鄴，徙都之。秦姚萇獲苻堅於五將山，歸殺之於新市。是年，冒頓拓跋什翼珪稱王定襄之成樂，國曰魏，元曰登國，是謂後魏道武皇帝。

In the year Yiyou (公元 385), the Eastern Jin dynasty sent troops to rescue the state of Qin, advancing to the area around Chang'an, recovering Luoyang, and then returning. Xie An also died in this year. Fu Ji of the Former Qin was captured by Yao Chang and later his son Fu Pi launched an attack from Yecheng to Jiuyang, then proclaimed himself emperor and changed the era name to "Tai'an." Murong Chong entered Chang'an and committed great massacres. A Former Qin general, Qifu Guoren, claimed the title of governor (the original text says "Taohan," but the actual location was Yuanchuan), established the state name "Qin," and the era name "Jianyi," which is the Western Qin. Later Yan's Murong Chui moved south to pacify Yecheng and moved the capital there. Yao Chang captured Fu Ji on Wujiang Mountain and brought him back to Xinping where he was executed by hanging. Also in this year, Tuoba Gui proclaimed himself king in Shengle, a place in Dinxia, established the state name "Wei," and the era name "Dengguo," which is the Northern Wei's Dao Wu Emperor. This became the beginning of the force that would later unify the north.

丙戌　秦苻丕為慕容永所敗，走晉東垣，為晉將馮該所殺。其眾奔杏城。苻登稱帝於隴東，改元太初。苻堅將呂光稱牧姑臧，國曰涼，元曰太安，是謂後涼。燕慕容垂稱帝於鄴，改元建興。慕容沖為將段隨、韓延所害，其眾奔垂。慕容永稱帝長子。秦姚萇稱帝，徙居長安，改元建初。

In the year of Bingxu (AD 386), Fu Pi of the Former Qin was defeated by Murong Yong and fled into the eastern territory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to Dongyuan, where he was killed by the Jin general Feng Gai. His followers scattered to Xingcheng. Fu Deng proclaimed himself emperor in Longdong and changed the era name to "Taichu," continuing the Former Qin dynasty. Fu Jian's old general Lü Guang declared himself Marquis of Liangzhou in Guchang, establishing the state of Liang with the era name "Tai'an," which became the Later Liang. Murong Chui of the Later Yan proclaimed himself emperor in Ye and changed the era name to "Jianxing." Murong Chong was killed by his generals Duansui and Han Yan, and his remaining followers sought refuge with Murong Chui. Murong Yong proclaimed himself emperor in Changzi, becoming the Western Yan. Yao Chang of the Later Qin proclaimed himself emperor, moved his capital to Chang'an, and changed the era name to "Jianchu." In this year, several states in the north existed simultaneously, and the situation was the most chaotic.

丁亥　晉以子德宗為太子，敗翟遼於洛口。秦苻登東攻姚萇，封乞伏國仁為苑川王。戊子　秦苻登攻姚萇不利，秦乞伏國仁卒，弟乾歸立，稱河南王，改元太初，徙都金城。己丑　晉陸納為尚書令。彭城妖賊亂。翟遼圍滎陽。秦姚萇西攻苻登。涼呂光稱三河王，改元麟嘉。

In the year Dinghai (387 CE), the Eastern Jin dynasty appointed Prince Sima Dezong as crown prince and defeated the Dingling Zhao Liao at Luokou. Fu Deng of the Former Qin launched an eastern attack against Yao Chang, and granted Guo Ren of the Western Qin the title of Prince of Yuanchuan as an ally. In the year Wuzi (388 CE), Fu Deng's attack on Yao Chang failed. Guo Ren of the Western Qin died, and his brother Guo Guilai succeeded him, claiming the title of King of Henan and initiating the era name "Taichu," moving the capital to Jincheng. In the year Jichou (389 CE), the Eastern Jin appointed Lu Na as Chancellor. There was a disturbance in Pengcheng caused by a group gathering through supernatural practices. Zhao Liao besieged Xingyang. Yao Chang of the Later Qin attacked Fu Deng to the west. Lü Guang of the Later Liang proclaimed himself King of Sanhe and initiated the era name "Lingjia."

庚寅　晉敗翟遼於滑臺。永嘉寇亂。秦苻登攻姚萇不利。辛卯　晉王珣為左僕射，謝琰為右僕射。壬辰　晉蔣喆以青州亂。慕容垂平丁零翟釗於滑臺。西秦乞伏乾歸開地至巴及隴。癸巳　秦苻登攻姚萇，不利。秦姚萇卒，子興繼，去帝稱王。

In the year Gengyin (公元 390), the Jin army defeated Zhai Liao at Huatai; there was banditry in Yongjia area; Fu Deng of the Former Qin attacked Yao Chang but failed again. In the year Xinmao (391), the Eastern Jin appointed Wang Xun as Left Chancellor and Xie Yan as Right Chancellor. In the year Renchen (392), Jiang Zhe caused chaos in Qingzhou; the Later Yan Mu Dui pacified Dingling Zhai Zhao at Huatai, leading to the fall of the Zhai Wei state; the Western Qin Qiguo Qiangui expanded his territory, reaching as far east as Ba region and as far north as Longyou. In the year Guisi (393), Fu Deng attacked Yao Chang again but failed. Yao Chang of the Later Qin died, and his son Yao Xing succeeded him, temporarily abandoning the title of emperor and only claiming the title of king.

甲午　東晉孝武帝二十二年，後魏道武皇帝十年，秦苻登攻姚興不利，戰死，子崇立，奔湟中，稱帝，改元延初，為乞伏乾歸所滅。燕慕容垂平慕容永於長子。秦姚興復稱帝槐裡，改元皇初。涼呂光徙居樂都。乙未　燕慕容垂攻魏，不利。魏破燕師於參合陂。

The year Jiawu was the twenty-second year of Emperor Xiaowu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the tenth year of Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, corresponding to 394 AD. Fu Deng of the Former Qin attacked Yao Xing of the Later Qin but failed and died in battle. His son Fu Chong succeeded him, fled to Hengzhong, and declared himself emperor, changing the era name to "Yanchu." Soon after, he was defeated and killed by Qigufu Qiangui of the Western Qin, leading to the fall of the Former Qin. The Later Yan's Murong Chui defeated his eldest son, eliminating Murong Yong of the Western Yan. Yao Xing of the Later Qin restored the imperial title in Huaili and changed the era name to "Huachu." Lü Guang of the Later Liang moved the capital to Lodu. In the year Yiwei (395 AD), Murong Chui of the Later Yan attacked the Northern Wei but failed. The Northern Wei defeated the Yan army decisively at Cenhe陂, killing tens of thousands of surrendered soldiers. From then on, the power balance between Yan and Wei reversed.

丙申　晉武帝泛舟於泉池，沒，太子德宗嗣位，是謂安帝。會稽王道子專政。燕慕容垂拔魏平城。垂卒於上谷，子寶繼，改元永康。太原陷於魏。魏拔燕幷州，圍中山，稱帝，改元皇始。涼呂光稱天王，改元龍飛。丁酉　晉改元隆安。兗州王恭、豫州庾楷、吳郡王欽各以城叛。燕慕容寶北走龍城。慕容詳稱帝中山，慕容麟殺詳代立。慕容德自丁零入，又殺麟代立，徙居鄴。中山陷於魏。呂光寇西秦，自金城復徙居苑川。涼呂光將禿髮烏孤稱王廉川，國曰涼，元曰太初，是謂南涼。涼呂光將沮渠蒙遜立段業為牧於張掖，國曰涼，元曰神璽，是謂北涼。

In the year of Bingshen (396 CE), Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin Dynasty died after boating in a spring pool (historical records state he was killed by his favored concubine, Zhang Guiren). His son,司马德宗, succeeded to the throne and became Emperor An of the Jin. Emperor An was weak and ineffective, while Prince Sima Daowu, the Marquess of Kuaiji, seized power. Later Yan's Murong Chui captured Pingcheng from Northern Wei, but died on the way back from the campaign in Shanggu. His son Murong Bao succeeded him and changed the era name to "Yongkang." Taiyuan was then captured by Northern Wei. Northern Wei took control of Later Yan's Bingzhou, surrounded Zhongshan, and Tuoba Gui proclaimed himself emperor, changing the era name to "Huangshi." Later Liang's Lü Guang proclaimed himself Heavenly King and changed the era name to "Longfei." In the year of Dingyou (397 CE), Eastern Jin changed its era name to "Long'an." The Marquess of Yanzhou Wang Gong, the Marquess of Yu州 Yu Kai, and the Marquess of Wujun Wang Xian each rebelled in their respective states. Later Yan's Murong Bao fled north to Longcheng; Murong Xiang proclaimed himself emperor in Zhongshan, but was later killed by Murong Lin, who then proclaimed himself emperor. Murong De, from the Dingling region, entered Zhongshan, killed Murong Lin, and proclaimed himself emperor, then moved to Yecheng. Zhongshan was eventually captured by Northern Wei. Lü Guang attacked Western Qin, and Western Qin moved back from Jincheng to Yuanchuan. Lü Guang's general Tuofa Wugū proclaimed himself king in Lianchuan, establishing the state of "Liang" with the era name "Taichu," which became Southern Liang. Another general, Juqu Mengsun, proclaimed Duanye as the governor of Liangzhou in Zhangye, establishing the state of "Liang" with the era name "Shenxi," which became Northern Liang.

戊戌　晉北伐燕，師敗於管城。兗州王恭、豫州庾楷、荊州桓玄兵犯建業，敗內師於白石。假會稽王道子黃鉞。玄師敗走潯陽。杜冏以京口亂。燕慕容寶南伐，至於黎陽乃復。將蘭汗殺寶代立於龍城，稱昌黎王，改元青龍。寶子盛誅蘭汗，稱王，改元建平，稱帝，再改元長樂。鄴陷於魏。范陽王慕容德自鄴南走滑臺，稱王，改元年，是謂南燕。魏拔燕之鄴及信都，改元大興，自盛樂徙居平城。涼禿髮烏孤克金城，敗呂光於街亭，稱武威天王。

In the year of Wuxu (公元 398), after the Eastern Jin launched a northern campaign against the Northern Yan, they suffered a defeat at Guan Cheng. Prince Wang Gong of Yanshou, Prince Yu Kai of Yu, and Prince Huan Xuan of Jingzhou raised troops to attack Jianye, and defeated the capital's forces at Baishi; the court granted the Prince of Kuaiji,司马道子, the authority of the Yellow Axe to resist, and Huan Xuan's forces were defeated and he retreated to Xunyang. Du Jiong also rebelled at Jingkou. The Northern Yan's Murong Bao launched a southern campaign, but retreated after reaching Liyang; his general Lan Han killed Murong Bao in Longcheng and proclaimed himself King of Changli, changing the era name to "Qinglong"; Murong Bao's son Murong Sheng killed Lan Han, first declaring himself king and changing the era name to "Jianping", then becoming emperor and changing the era name to "Changle". The city of Ye was captured by the Northern Wei, and Prince Fanyang, Murong De, fled south from Ye to Huatai and proclaimed himself king, establishing the Southern Yan. The Northern Wei captured Ye and Xindu from the Northern Yan, changing the era name to "Tianxing" (the original text says "Daxing"), and moved the capital from Shengle to Pingcheng. The Southern Liang's Tuofa Wugū captured Jincheng, defeated Lü Guang at Jiating, and proclaimed himself King of Wuwu.

己亥　秦姚興拔晉洛陽，燕慕容德拔晉青州。仇池楊盛稱藩於晉。妖賊孫恩陷晉會稽，晉謝琰、劉牢之往伐。劉裕始參軍政。秦姚興去帝號稱王，改元洪始。魏南攻滑臺。涼呂光傳子紹位，稱太上皇。光卒，兄纂殺紹代立。涼禿髮烏孤徙居樂都，烏孤卒，弟利鹿孤立，又徙居西平，仍附於姚興。涼段業稱天王，改元天璽，大將沮渠蒙遜出守西安。燕慕容德逐闢閭渾於廣固，徙居之滑臺。沒於魏。

In the Jihai year (公元 399), the Later Qin ruler Yao Xing captured Luoyang from the Jin dynasty. The Southern Yan ruler Murong De captured the Qingzhou region from the Jin. Yang Sheng of the Qiongchi state submitted to the Jin as a vassal. The leader of the Five-Dou Religion, Sun En, raised an army and captured the city of Kuaiji. The Jin dynasty sent Xie Yan and Liu Laozi to suppress the rebellion; Liu Yu began to participate in military and political affairs during this campaign, and later became the person who replaced the Jin dynasty and established the Song dynasty. Yao Xing of the Later Qin removed the title of emperor and only called himself a king, and initiated the era name "Hongshi" (the original text says "Hongshi"). The Northern Wei attacked and captured Huatai. Lü Guang of the Later Liang dynasty passed on his throne to his son Lü Shao, and declared himself the "Supreme Sovereign". After Lü Guang's death, Lü Shao's brother Lü Zuan killed Lü Shao and took the throne himself. Tuofa Wugū of the Southern Liang moved his capital to Lodu. After Wugū's death, his brother Tuofa Lilu Gu took the throne and moved the capital to Xiping, still relying on Yao Xing. Duanye Duan Ye declared himself the "Heavenly King" and initiated the era name "Tianxi". His general Juqu Mengxun was stationed in Xianyang. Murong De of the Southern Yan drove out Bielu Hun from Guangguo and moved there, while the original capital of Huatai fell into the hands of the Northern Wei.

庚子　晉司馬劉裕敗孫恩於臨海，以揚州元顯為十六州都督。燕慕容盛去帝號，稱庶人天王，破高句麗。秦姚興破西秦，俘其王乞伏乾歸於長安。涼呂纂改元咸寧，大司馬呂宏殺纂，不克。涼利鹿孤改元建和。涼將李暠稱牧秦州，國曰涼，元曰庚子，是謂西涼。燕慕容德稱帝廣固，改元建平。辛丑　晉平孫恩，劉裕出守下邳。燕慕容盛將段璣行殺盛，叔父熙誅璣，稱帝，改元光始。秦姚興放乞伏乾歸還苑川。涼呂超殺其君纂，立其兄隆，改元神鼎，稱藩於姚興。涼禿髮利鹿孤稱河西王。涼大將沮渠蒙遜自西安入，殺段業，代立，改元永安。

In the Gengzi year (公元 400), General Liu Yu of the Jin dynasty defeated Sun En at Linhai; the court appointed Sima Yuanxian as the governor of the sixteen states. Later Yan's Murong Sheng removed the title of emperor and called himself a commoner heavenly king, then launched an attack and defeated Goguryeo. Later Qin's Yao Xing defeated Western Qin and captured the king of Western Qin, Qian Gui, and brought him to Chang'an. Later Liang's Lü Cuan changed the era name to "Xianning," and the Grand Master Lü Hong attempted to assassinate Lü Cuan but failed. Southern Liang's Li Lugu changed the era name to "Jianhe." General Li Hao of Liang claimed the title of governor of Qinzhou (in fact, he controlled Dunhuang), established the state name as "Liang," and used the era name "Gengzi," which was Western Liang. Southern Yan's Murong De proclaimed himself emperor in Guanggu and changed the era name to "Jianping." In the Xinchou year (401), Eastern Jin quelled the rebellion led by Sun En, and Liu Yu was assigned to govern Xiaopi. Later Yan's Duan Ji assassinated Murong Sheng; Sheng's uncle Murong Xi killed Duan Ji and proclaimed himself emperor, changing the era name to "Guangshi." Later Qin's Yao Xing released Qian Gui back to Yuanchuan. Later Liang's Lü Chao killed his king Lü Cuan and installed his brother Lü Long as the new ruler, changing the era name to "Shen Ding," and submitted to Yao Xing. Southern Liang's Tuofa Li Lugu changed his title to the King of Hexi. Northern Liang's general Juqu Mengxun entered Zhangye from Xianyang, killed Duan Ye, and proclaimed himself emperor, changing the era name to "Yong'an."

壬寅　晉改元元興。桓玄據荊州建牙夏口。假揚州元顯黃鉞，顯軍敗，玄入於建業，稱侍中丞相，錄尚書事，又稱太尉，總百揆，乃殺都督元顯及會稽王道子，以琅玡王德文為太宰，改元大亨。劉軌以冀州叛。秦姚興伐呂光有功，拒魏不利。魏敗秦軍於蒙坑。涼禿髮利鹿孤卒，弟傉檀立，改元弘昌，徙居樂都。涼沮渠蒙遜稱藩於姚興。癸卯　晉加桓玄九錫，稱相國、楚王，用天子器服。玄竊命，徙其帝於永安宮，降為平固王，遷之潯陽，改國曰楚，元曰永始。

In the year of RENYIN (公元 402), the Eastern Jin dynasty changed its era name to "Yuanxing." The governor of Jingzhou, Huan Xuan, raised an army at Xia Kou. The court appointed the governor of Yangzhou, Sima Yuanxian, to receive the yellow钺 (a symbol of imperial authority) to fight against Huan Xuan. Yuanxian's army was defeated, and Huan Xuan entered Jianye, claiming the titles of Chancellor, Grand Secretary, and Chief of the Secretariat, and also calling himself the Grand General and Commander-in-Chief. He killed the military governor Sima Yuanxian and the Prince of Kuaiji, Sima Daowu, and appointed Prince of Langya, Sima Dewen, as Grand Tutor. He changed the era name to "Daheng." Liu Gui rebelled in Jizhou. Yao Xing of the Later Qin defeated the Later Liang and was rewarded, but failed to resist the Northern Wei, who defeated the Qin army at Mengkeng. The Southern Liang's Tuofa Liku孤 died, and his brother Tuofa Nushan succeeded him, changing the era name to "Hongchang" and moving the capital to Lodu. Juqu Mengxun of the Northern Liang submitted to Yao Xing as a vassal. In the year of GUIMA (403), the Eastern Jin granted Huan Xuan nine grants of authority, appointing him as Chancellor and King of Chu, allowing him to use the imperial regalia. Soon after, Huan Xuan usurped the throne, moved the Jin Emperor An to the Yong'an Palace, reducing him to the Prince of Pinggu, then moving him to Xunyang. He changed the state name to "Chu" and established the era name "Yongshi."

甲辰　晉帝在潯陽。劉裕唱義，帥沛國劉毅、東海何無忌二州兵，大破桓玄兵於京口，又敗玄將桓宏於廣陵、吳甫之於江乘、皇甫敷於羅落。玄逼帝走江陵。裕又敗玄兵於湓口。玄復逼帝東下。裕又敗玄兵於崢嶸洲，又破之於覆舟山，迎帝入江陵。玄敗死於枚洄洲、其將桓振復陷江陵，幽帝。譙縱以成都叛，稱王。秦姚興入十二郡，修貢於晉。魏改元天錫。涼呂隆奔姚興，國亡。涼傉檀去王號，求姑臧於姚興。燕慕容德卒，兄之子超立。

In the year of Jiachen (公元 404), Emperor Jian'an of the Jin Dynasty was imprisoned in Xunyang. Liu Yu raised the banner of righteousness, leading troops from two states, including Liu Yi from Peiguo and He Wujie from Donghai, and defeated the army of Huan Xuan at Jingkou. He then successively defeated Huan Hóng at Guangling, Wu Fuzhi at Jiangcheng, and Huangfu Fu at Luoluo Bridge. Huan Xuan took Emperor Jian'an westward to Jiangling. Liu Yu then defeated Huan Xuan's army at Penukou. Huan Xuan again took Emperor Jian'an eastward, but Liu Yu defeated him at Zhenrongzhou and Fuzhou Mountain, and welcomed Emperor Jian'an into Jiangling. Huan Xuan was defeated and died at Meihuizhou. His general Huan Zhen then captured Jiangling and imprisoned Emperor Jian'an. Qiao Zong rebelled in Chengdu, declaring himself king, establishing the state of Qiaoshu. Later Qin's Yao Xing took control of twelve commanderies and simultaneously sent tribute to the Jin. The Northern Wei changed their era name to "Tianci" (the original text says "Tianshi"). Later Liang's Lü Long fled to Yao Xing, leading to the fall of Later Liang. Southern Liang's Tuofa Nantán removed his royal title and requested the territory of Gucang from Yao Xing. Southern Yan's Murong De died, and his nephew Murong Chao succeeded him as king.

乙巳　晉平桓振，帝自江陵還建業，改元義熙。劉裕都督中外、錄尚書事，還鎮丹徒。涼傉檀受姚興命，徙姑臧。燕慕容超改元太上。涼李暠徙居酒泉，改元建初，稱藩於晉。丙午　晉伐蜀，敗譙縱於白帝。孔安國為尚書左僕射，大將軍劉裕開府京口。仇池楊盛稱藩。燕慕容超三將奔晉。燕慕容熙將馮跋殺熙，立慕容云，複姓高氏，稱王，改元正始。秦姚興將赫連勃勃稱天王於朔方，國曰夏，元曰龍升。

In the year of Yisi (405 ce), the Eastern Jin dynasty quelled the rebellion of Huan Zhen, and Emperor An of Jin returned from Jiangling to Jianye, initiating the era name "Yixi." Liu Yu was appointed as the commander-in-chief of all military affairs both inside and outside the court and as the chief minister of the Secretariat, and he returned to control Dantu, thus consolidating military power in the Eastern Jin under Liu Yu. The Southern Liang's Tuofa Nantan accepted the command of Yao Xing and moved his capital to Guchang. The Southern Yan's Murong Chao changed his era name to "Tai Shang." The Western Liang's Li Hao moved his capital to Jiuquan and initiated the era name "Jianchu," submitting to the Eastern Jin as a vassal state. In the year of Bingwu (406 ce), the Eastern Jin launched an attack on Shu, defeating Qiao Zhong at Baidi City; Kong Anguo was appointed as the Left Chancellor of the Secretariat, and the Grand General Liu Yu established his own government in Jingkou. Yang Sheng of the Qishui submitted to the Jin dynasty as a vassal. Three generals from the Southern Yan's Murong Chao's army defected to the Jin dynasty. The Later Yan's Feng Ba killed Murong Xi and enthroned Murong Yun; Yun originally bore the surname Gao, so he restored his original surname and became the Heavenly King, initiating the era name "Zhengshi," which is known as the Northern Yan. Feng Ba's subordinate of the Later Qin's Yao Xing, Helian Bolu, proclaimed himself Heavenly King in Shuofang, establishing the state name "Xia" and the era name "Longsheng," which is known as Helian Xia.

丁未　晉劉裕入朝，殺東陽太守殷仲文、南蠻校尉殷叔文、晉陵太守殷道叔、永嘉太守駱求。姚興攻禿髮傉檀及赫連勃勃。乞伏乾歸復稱王苑川，改元更始。涼禿髮傉檀攻沮渠蒙遜及赫連勃勃。戊申　晉劉裕入總朝政，北敗慕容超於臨朐，出大峴，進圍廣固。魏國亂，後萬人同子申殺其君珪，次子紹誅萬人及申，自立，是謂明帝。秦乾歸南攻姚興。涼傉檀復稱王姑臧，改元嘉平。夏勃勃南攻姚興。

In the year Dingwei (公元 407), Liu Yu entered the court, executed the former officials of Huan Xuan's faction such as Yin Zhongwen, the governor of Dongyang, Yin Shuwén, the commander of the Southern Man, Yin Daoshu, the governor of Jinling, and Luo Qiu, the governor of Yongjia. The Later Qin ruler Yao Xing sent troops to attack Tuofa Nantán of the Southern Liang and Helian Bolie of the Xia state. Qian Gui of the Western Qin restored his royal title in Yuan川 and changed the era name to "Gengshi," thus reestablishing the Western Qin state. Tuofa Nantán of the Southern Liang attacked on both sides, launching campaigns against Juqu Mengxun of the Northern Liang and Helian Bolie. In the year Wushen (408), Liu Yu entered the court to take charge of state affairs, then launched a northern campaign, defeating Murong Chao of the Southern Yan at Linqu, crossing the Daxian Mountains, and surrounding Guanggu. Internal strife broke out in the Northern Wei, with Emperor Daowu Tuoba Gui being murdered (the text here is corrupted and difficult to understand). His son Tuoba Si eliminated the rebels and ascended the throne, becoming Emperor Mingyuan of the Northern Wei. Qian Gui of the Western Qin launched a southern attack on Yao Xing; Tuofa Nantán of the Southern Liang redeclared himself King of Liang in Guchang and changed the era name to "Jiaping"; Helian Bolie of the Xia also launched a southern attack on Yao Xing, causing the Later Qin to be besieged on all sides.

己酉　晉劉裕滅南燕，徙慕容超於建業。後燕國亂，苻將馮跋用倖臣離班殺云，代立，稱天王，改元太平，是謂北燕。魏改元永興。秦乾歸平袍罕。夏赫連勃勃（魏史雲賀大人及子如弒珪），攻姚興。庚戌　晉始興賊盧循兵寇建業，劉裕大破之。循走潯陽，再破之於豫章。裕假黃鉞。蜀兵陷巴東。秦乞伏乾歸為兄之子公府所殺，子熾盤誅公府而自立，改元永康。涼沮渠蒙遜攻李暠有功，夏赫連勃勃攻姚興不利。

In the year Jiyou (公元 409), Liu Yu destroyed the Southern Yan and had Murong Chao executed in Jianye. Later Yan experienced internal strife, and Feng Ba killed Gao Yun with the help of his favorite minister Li Ban and established himself as the Heavenly King, changing the era name to "Taiping," which was the Northern Yan. The Northern Wei changed their era name to "Yongxing." The Western Qin ruler Qian Gui of Gao Ping pacified Bao Han (the original text reads "Pao Han"). The Summer state He Lian Bao Bo continued to attack Yao Xing. The original text here has a note: "The Wei History says that the father and son of He Da Ren were killed by the son of Gui," which is a supplement from the "Wei Shu" about the assassination of Tuoba Gui. In the year Gengxu (410), Sun En's remaining followers Lu Xun started a rebellion and attacked Jianye, but Liu Yu defeated them. Lu Xun fled to Xunyang and was defeated again in Yuzhang. Liu Yu was awarded the Yellow Axe for his achievements. The Shu army captured Badong. Qian Gui of the Western Qin was killed by his nephew Qifu Gongfu, and his son Qifu Chipan killed Gongfu and established himself as the ruler, changing the era name to "Yongkang." The Northern Liang ruler Ju Qu Mengxun made achievements in attacking the Western Liang ruler Li Hao. The Summer state He Lian Bao Bo had difficulty in attacking Yao Xing.

辛亥　晉劉裕南敗盧循，盧循走交州，死。劉毅以江陵叛。涼沮渠蒙遜攻禿髮傉檀有功，夏赫連勃勃攻姚興不克。壬子　晉劉裕殺劉藩及謝琨，遂平劉毅於江陵。涼傉檀徙居樂都，姑臧陷於沮渠蒙遜。涼蒙遜拔禿髮傉檀姑臧，徙居之，稱西河王，改元弘始。癸丑　晉朱齡石平蜀。魏改元神瑞，與秦姚興和親。秦熾盤破土谷渾於澆河。涼傉檀攻蒙遜不利。夏改元鳳翔，城統萬。

In the Xinhai year (AD 411), Liu Yu advanced southward and defeated Lu Xun, who fled to Jiaozhou and eventually died in defeat. Liu Yi rebelled at Jiangling. The Northern Liang ruler Juqu Mengsun defeated Tuofa Nantan of the Southern Liang and achieved military success. The Xia ruler Helian Bolu attacked Yao Xing of the Western Qin but failed to conquer him. In the Renzi year (AD 412), Liu Yu killed Liu Fan and Xie Hun (the original text says Xie Kun), and then suppressed Liu Yi's rebellion at Jiangling. Tuofa Nantan of the Southern Liang moved his capital to Lodu, and Guchang fell. Juqu Mengsun of the Northern Liang captured Guchang and moved there, declaring himself the King of Hexi (the original text says Xihexi), and changed the era name to "Xuanshi" (the original text says "Hongshi"). In the Guichou year (AD 413), the Jin general Zhu Lingshi pacified the Shu region, leading to the fall of the Qiao Shu state. The Northern Wei changed its era name to "Shenru," and formed an alliance with Yao Xing of the Later Qin. The Western Qin ruler Qifu Chipan defeated the Tuyuhun in the Jiaohé region. Tuofa Nantan of the Southern Liang failed to defeat Mengsun. The Xia changed its era name to "Fengxiang" and began building the city of Tongwan as its capital.

甲寅　秦乞伏熾盤滅南涼禿髮傉檀。乙卯　晉荊州刺史司馬休之、雍州刺史魯宗之叛裕，攻破之，逐之於江陵。劉穆之為尚書左僕射。秦姚興卒，子浤繼。弟弼作亂，不克。魏改元太常。丙辰　晉劉裕北伐姚泓。拔洛陽，進逼潼關。加裕九錫，總百揆，封宋國公。秦姚泓改元永和。洛陽陷於晉。姚懿、姚恢內叛，兵逼長安，姚紹平之。秦乞伏熾磐拔沮渠蒙遜河湟，夏赫連勃勃拔姚泓陰密。

In the year Jiayin (AD 414), the Western Qin ruler Qifu Chiqian destroyed the Southern Liang and captured Tuofa Nantán. In the year Yimao (AD 415), the Eastern Jin's governor of Jingzhou, Sima Xiuzhi, and the governor of Yongzhou, Lu Zongzhi, raised an army against Liu Yu, but were defeated by Liu Yu and driven out of Jiangling; Liu MuZhi was appointed as the Left Chancellor of the Ministry of Works. The Later Qin ruler Yao Xing died, and his son Yao Hong succeeded him (the original text says 浤), while his brother Yao Bi attempted a rebellion but failed. The Northern Wei changed its era name to "Taichang" (the original text says 太常). In the year Bingchen (AD 416), Liu Yu launched a northern campaign against Yao Hong, captured Luoyang, and advanced to Tongguan; the court granted Liu Yu the Nine Bestowals, made him the overall commander of state affairs, and granted him the title of Duke of Song. The Later Qin changed its era name to "Yonghe," and Luoyang finally fell to the Jin; Yao Yi and Yao Hui raised an internal rebellion to attack Chang'an, but were suppressed by Yao Shao. The Western Qin ruler Qifu Chiqian captured the Hexi region of the Northern Liang, while the Xia ruler He Lian Bofu captured Yinmi from the Later Qin.

丁巳　晉劉裕平長安，滅後秦，執姚泓以歸，以子義真守長安。裕加宋王。魏南攻晉，兵敗於河西。涼李暠卒，子歆立，改元嘉興。戊午　晉劉裕弒其君德宗，立其弟琅玡王德文，是謂恭帝。長安陷於夏。涼李歆稱藩於晉。夏赫連勃勃拔晉之長安稱帝，改元武昌。己未　晉改元元熙。宋王劉裕自揚州入，用天子服器。秦乞伏熾磐改元建弘。夏赫連勃勃還居統萬，改元真興。

In the year Dingsi (417 CE), Liu Yu pacified Chang'an, destroyed the Later Qin, captured Yao Hong and returned, leaving his second son Liu Yizhen to govern Chang'an. Liu Yu was elevated to the Marquess of Song. The Northern Wei attacked southern Jin but suffered defeat in the Western River region. Li Hao of Xiliang died, and his son Li Xin succeeded him, changing the era name to "Jiangxi." In the year Wuwu (418 CE), Liu Yu assassinated Emperor Shima Dezong of Jin and installed his younger brother, Prince Langye Shima Dewen, as the new emperor, known as Emperor Gong of Jin. Chang'an was captured by the Xia, and Helian Bolu took over Chang'an and became emperor, changing the era name to "Changwu" (the original text says "Wuchang"). Li Xin of Xiliang submitted to Jin as a vassal. In the year Jiwei (419 CE), Eastern Jin changed its era name to "Yuanxi." The Marquess of Song, Liu Yu, went to the capital from Yangzhou, using the imperial carriages and ceremonial objects, indicating that the trend of replacing Jin was already established. The Western Qin ruler Qifu Chipan changed his era name to "Jianhong." Helian Bolu returned to his capital, Tongwan, and changed the era name to "Zhenxings."

庚申　劉裕代晉命於揚州，是謂武帝，改國號曰宋，元曰永初，降其君德文為零陵王。辛酉　宋零陵王德文卒。壬戌　宋武帝劉裕終，子義符繼。魏攻宋滑臺。癸亥　宋改元景平。魏攻宋金墉。明帝終，太子燾繼，是謂太武皇帝。涼沮渠蒙遜滅西涼，執李歆歸於姑臧。

In the year Gengshen (公元 420), Liu Yu received the imperial mandate from the Jin dynasty in Yangzhou and became the emperor of the Song dynasty, taking the era name "Yongchu." The Jin Emperor Shiwu Sima De wen was reduced to the title of Lingling Wang. The Jin dynasty, which had ruled for over a hundred years, thus came to an end, and the Southern Dynasties era began. In the year Xinyou (421), Lingling Wang Sima De wen was killed. In the year Renxu (422), Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yu, died, and his son Liu Yifu succeeded him. The Northern Wei took advantage of the mourning period to attack the city of Huatai in the Song dynasty. In the year Guihai (423), the Song dynasty changed its era name to "Jingping." The Northern Wei attacked the city of Jinyong in the Song dynasty. The Wei Mingyuan Emperor died, and his son Tuoba Taotou succeeded him, becoming Emperor Taowu of Wei. Meanwhile, the Northern Liang ruler Juqu Mengxun destroyed the Western Liang and captured Li Xin, bringing him back to Guchang.